EP1251474B1 - Two-wire sensor using pulse width modulation - Google Patents

Two-wire sensor using pulse width modulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1251474B1
EP1251474B1 EP02007440A EP02007440A EP1251474B1 EP 1251474 B1 EP1251474 B1 EP 1251474B1 EP 02007440 A EP02007440 A EP 02007440A EP 02007440 A EP02007440 A EP 02007440A EP 1251474 B1 EP1251474 B1 EP 1251474B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse width
wire sensor
signal
pwm
signals
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Expired - Fee Related
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EP02007440A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1251474A1 (en
Inventor
Lothar Dipl.-Phys. Blossfeld
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TDK Micronas GmbH
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TDK Micronas GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/16—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
    • G08C19/22—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses by varying the duration of individual pulses

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Messung einer physikalischen Größe mittels eines Zweidrahtsensors sowie einen Zweidrahtsensor zur Messung einer physikalischen Größe.The invention relates to a method for measuring a physical Size by means of a two-wire sensor and a Two-wire sensor for measuring a physical quantity.

Ein solches Verfahren und ein solcher Zweidrahtsensor sind aus "Preliminary Data Sheet (subject to change)", "Differential Two-Wire Hall Effect Sensor IC", "TLE 4942" Juni 2000 (2000-06), INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AGXP002201823 bekannt.Such a method and such a two-wire sensor are out "Preliminary Data Sheet (subject to change)", "Differential Two-Wire Hall Effect Sensor IC "," TLE 4942 "June 2000 (2000-06), INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AGXP002201823 known.

Zweidrahtsensoren sind aus einem Meßsensor, der eine physikalische Größe wie z. B. die Temperatur, den Druck oder die Feldstärke eines Magnetfeldes mißt, und elektronischen Bauteilen zur Verarbeitung der vom Meßsensor gelieferten Signale aufgebaut. Sowohl die Stromversorgung als auch die Weiterleitung der gemessenen und verarbeiteten Meßsignale erfolgt über nur zwei Leitungen, worauf der Name Zweidrahtsensor zurückzuführen ist. Ein Zweidrahtsensor hat deshalb nur zwei Anschlüsse, die gleichzeitig der Stromversorgung und der Weiterleitung der gemessenen und verarbeiteten Meßsignale dienen.Two-wire sensors are made of a measuring sensor, which is a physical Size such. As the temperature, pressure or Field strength of a magnetic field measures, and electronic components for processing the signals supplied by the measuring sensor built up. Both the power supply and the forwarding the measured and processed measurement signals via only two lines, whereupon the name two-wire sensor due is. A two-wire sensor therefore has only two connections, the simultaneous power supply and forwarding serve the measured and processed measuring signals.

Zweidrahtsensoren sind z. B. als kontaktlose magnetische Schalter ausgeführt, die je nach Stärke und Richtung des zu messenden Magnetfeldes als Meßsignal z. B. einen Strom unterschiedlicher Stärke liefern. Das Bauelement ist von außen gesehen passiv, im einfachsten Fall (die Strom/Spannungskennlinie kann sich ev. auch auf andere Weise ändern) ändert sich sein innerer Widerstand. Bei Stromeinprägung ändert sich die abgreifbare Spannung und bei Spannungseinprägung der resultierende Strom. Beides kann (auch in Kombination) als Signal auf der Empfängerseite ausgewertet werden. Derartige Zweidrahtsensoren werden z. B. in Kraftfahrzeugen als Gurtschlossschalter oder Positionsschalter eingesetzt. Werden Zweidrahtsensoren in sicherheitsrelevanten Bereichen eingesetzt, ist hohe Zuverlässigkeit erforderlich. Insbesondere sollte ein defekter oder fehlerhaft arbeitender Zweidrahtsensor rechtzeitig erkannt werden.Two-wire sensors are z. B. as a contactless magnetic Switch executed according to the strength and direction of the measuring magnetic field as a measuring signal z. B. a stream of different Deliver strength. The component is seen from the outside passive, in the simplest case (the current / voltage characteristic may ev. also change in other ways) changes his inner resistance. When current injection changes the voltage that can be picked up and the resulting voltage when impressed with voltage Electricity. Both can (even in combination) as a signal be evaluated on the receiver side. Such two-wire sensors be z. B. in motor vehicles as a buckle switch or position switch used. Be two-wire sensors used in safety-related areas is high reliability required. In particular, should be a defective or faulty two-wire sensor in good time be recognized.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Messung einer physikalischen Größe mittels eines Zweidrahtsensors und einen Zweidrahtsensor so zu gestalten, daß eine Fehlfunktion des Zweidrahtsensors detektierbar ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method of measurement a physical quantity by means of a two-wire sensor and to design a two-wire sensor so that a malfunction of the two-wire sensor is detectable.

Verfahrensmäßig wird diese Aufgabe mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.Procedurally, this object is specified with the in claim 1 Characteristics solved.

Schaltungsmäßig wird diese Aufgabe mit den im Anspruch 8 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.Schaltungsmäßig this task is specified with the in claim 8 Characteristics solved.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme, ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal zu erzeugen, lassen sich Fehler und fehlerhafte Funktionen des Zweidrahtsensors leicht detektieren, denn bei einem Fehler erzeugt der Zweidrahtsensor kein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal mehr. Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Fehler oder eine Fehlfunktion des Zweidrahtsensors durch ein Fehlersignal mit einer vorgebbaren Pulsweite angezeigt. Dabei beträgt das Pulsweitenverhältnis des Fehlersignals 1:1, während für die Darstellung der zu messenden physikalischen Größe Meßsignale mit unsymmetrischen Pulsweitenverhältnissen gewählt werden. By the measure according to the invention, a pulse width modulated Signal generation can be errors and faulty functions of the two-wire sensor easily detect, because at a Error, the two-wire sensor generates no pulse width modulated Signal more. According to the invention, an error or a malfunction of the two-wire sensor by an error signal with a specified pulse width displayed. The pulse width ratio is thereby of the error signal 1: 1, while for the representation the measured physical quantity measuring signals with unbalanced Pulse width ratios are selected.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sieht vor, die Pulsweite der vom Zweidrahtsensor erzeugten Meßsignale in Abhängigkeit von der zu messenden physikalischen Größe zu modulieren.An embodiment of the invention provides, the pulse width the measured signals generated by the two-wire sensor in dependence to modulate from the physical quantity to be measured.

Durch unterschiedliche Pulsweitenverhältnisse lässt sich nicht nur die zu messende physikalische Größe darstellen, vielmehr lassen sich durch unterschiedliche Pulsweitenverhältnisse auch andere Informationen des Zweidrahtsensors darstellen.By different pulse width ratios can not be represent only the physical quantity to be measured, rather can also be achieved by different pulse width ratios represent other information of the two-wire sensor.

Bei einem Zweidrahtsensor, der eine physikalische Größe mißt, die nur zwei Werte oder Zustände annimmt, sieht ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung vor, den ersten Wert bzw. Zustand durch ein erstes Meßsignal mit einer ersten vorgebbaren Pulsweite darzustellen und den zweiten Wert bzw. den zweiten Zustand durch ein zweites Meßsignal darzustellen, das durch Invertieren des ersten Meßsignales erzeugt wird.In a two-wire sensor that measures a physical quantity, which accepts only two values or states, sees an embodiment invention, the first value or state by a first measuring signal having a first presettable pulse width represent and the second value or the second state represented by a second measurement signal, by inverting the first measurement signal is generated.

Wenn das Fehlersignal das symmetrische Pulsweitenverhältnis von 1:1 aufweist, wird durch eine Invertierung das Pulsweitenverhältnis nicht verändert. Daher haben z. B. Änderungen eines Magnetfeldes, welches die Signale invertiert, auf das Fehlersignal keinen Einfluß. Ist der Zweidrahtsensor defekt oder verpolt oder die Leitung zum Zweidrahtsensor unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen, so gibt er kein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal ab.If the error signal is the symmetric pulse width ratio of 1: 1, the pulse width ratio becomes inversed not changed. Therefore, z. B. Changes to a Magnetic field, which inverts the signals, to the error signal no influence. If the two-wire sensor is defective or polarity reversed or the line to the two-wire sensor interrupted or short-circuited, it does not give a pulse width modulated signal from.

Anhand der Figuren werden das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäße Zweidrahtsensor näher beschrieben und erläutert.With reference to the figures, the inventive method and the two-wire sensor according to the invention described and explained in detail.

In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Zweidrahtsensors und
Figur 2
ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal.
In the drawing show:
FIG. 1
an embodiment of a two-wire sensor according to the invention and
FIG. 2
a pulse width modulated signal.

In der Figur 1 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Zweidrahtsensors gezeigt.In the figure 1 is an embodiment of an inventive Two-wire sensor shown.

Dem einen Anschluß des Zweidrahtsensors S, an welchem das pulsweitenmodulierte Signal PWM abgegriffen wird, wird über einen Widerstand R eine Versorgungsspannung V zugeführt. Der andere Anschluß des Zweidrahtsensors S liegt auf Masse.One terminal of the two-wire sensor S, on which the pulse width modulated signal PWM is tapped, is over a resistor R is supplied to a supply voltage V. Of the other connection of the two-wire sensor S is grounded.

In Figur 2 ist ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal mit einem Pulsweitenverhältnis Th:Tp von 1:4 und gestrichelt gezeichnet von 1:2 gezeigt. Die Anstiegszeit Trp und die Abfallzeit Tfp der Impulse des pulsweitenmodulierten Signals sind so gewählt, daß sie die folgenden Ungleichungen erfüllen: Trp < Tp · Rp/2 Tfp < Tp · Rp/2 wobei Tp die Periodenzeit des pulsweitenmodulierten Signals und Rp das Verhältnis des kürzesten High-Pegels zur Periodenzeit Tp ist.FIG. 2 shows a pulse width modulated signal with a pulse width ratio Th: Tp of 1: 4 and a dashed line of 1: 2. The rise time Trp and the fall time Tfp of the pulse width modulated signal pulses are chosen to satisfy the following inequalities: Trp <Tp * Rp / 2 Tfp <Tp * Rp / 2 where Tp is the period of time of the pulse width modulated signal and Rp is the ratio of the shortest high level to the period Tp.

Das pulsweitenmodulierte Signal kann z. B. durch Ausmessen des Pulsweitenverhältnisses oder durch Filterung mittels eines Tiefpasses ausgewertet werden. Die Tiefpaßfilterung liefert einen Gleichspannungswert, der vom Verhältnis high zu low bestimmt wird.The pulse width modulated signal can be z. B. by measuring the Pulse width ratio or by filtering by means of a Lowpasses are evaluated. The low-pass filtering delivers a DC voltage value that determines the ratio high to low becomes.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäße Zweidrahtsensor sind insbesondere für den Einsatz in sicherheitsrelevanten Bereichen geeignet, weil Fehler oder Fehlfunktionen des Zweidrahtsensors leicht detektierbar sind. The method according to the invention and the two-wire sensor according to the invention are especially for use in safety-related Areas suitable because of errors or malfunctions of the two-wire sensor are easily detectable.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

PWMPWM
pulsweitenmoduliertes Signalpulse width modulated signal
RR
Widerstandresistance
SS
ZweidrahtsensorTwo-wire sensor
Tfptfp
Abfallzeit des ImpulsesFall time of the pulse
Thth
Dauer des High-PegelsDuration of high level
Tptp
Periodendauerperiod
TrpTrp
Anstiegszeit des ImpulsesRise time of the pulse

Claims (14)

  1. A method for measuring a physical magnitude by means of a two-wire sensor (S), which generates pulse width modulated signals (PWM), whereby one of the generated pulse width modulated signals is an error signal, which indicates an error or a malfunction of the two-wire sensor (S),
    characterised in that the error signal has a pulse width ratio of 1:1.
  2. A method according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that the pulse width of the measurement signals generated by the two-wire sensor (S) are pulse width modulated as a function of the physical magnitude to be measured.
  3. A method according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the two-wire sensor (S) generates measurement signals (PWM) having asymmetric pulse width ratios for representing the physical magnitude to be measured.
  4. A method according to one of the preceding Claims 1-3,
    characterised in that the two-wire sensor (S) for representing a physical size assuming only two states or values generates a first measurement signal having a predetermined pulse width ratio and a second measurement signal by inverting the first measurement signal.
  5. A method according to one of the preceding Claims 1-4,
    characterised in that the two-wire sensor (S) for its identification or addressing generates an identification signal having a predetermined pulse width ratio.
  6. A method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 - 6,
    characterised in that the pulse width modulated signals are evaluated by measuring the pulse width.
  7. A method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 - 6,
    characterised in that the pulse width modulated signals are evaluated by filtering by means of a low pass.
  8. A two-wire sensor for measuring a physical magnitude,
    wherein the signals (PWM) generated by the two-wire sensor (S) are pulse width modulated, and one of the generated signals (PWM) is an error signal which indicates an error or a malfunction of the two-wire sensor (S),
    characterised in that the error signal has a pulse width ratio of 1:1.
  9. A two-wire sensor according to Claim 8,
    characterised in that the pulse width of the measurement signals (PWM) generated by the two-wire sensor (S) are pulse width modulated as a function of the physical magnitude to be measured.
  10. A two-wire sensor according to Claim 9,
    characterised in that to represent the physical magnitude to be measured measurement signals (PWM) are provided with asymmetric pulse width ratios.
  11. A two-wire sensor according to one of Claims 9 or 10, 10 - 14,
    characterised in that for representing a physical magnitude assuming only two states or values, a first measurement signal is provided with a predetermined asymmetrical pulse width ratio and a second measurement signal is provided, which is formed by inverting the first measurement signal.
  12. A two-wire sensor according to one of the preceding Claims 9 to 11,
    characterised in that an identification signal with a predetermined pulse width ratio is provided for the identification or addressing of the two-wire sensor (S).
  13. A two-wire sensor according to one of the preceding Claims 9 to 12,
    characterised in that the one connection of the two-wire sensor (S), at which the pulse width modulated signals (PWM) can be tapped, is connected via a resistor (R) to a supply voltage (V), whereas the other connection is connected to earth.
  14. A method or a two-wire sensor according to one of Claims 9 to 13,
    characterised in that the rise time Trp and the decay time Tfp of the pulses of the pulse width modulated signal are chosen so that they meet the following inequalities: Trp < Tp · Rp/2 Tfp < Tp · Rp/2 wherein Tp is the period time of the pulse width modulated signal (PWM) and Rp is the ratio of the shortest high level to the period time.
EP02007440A 2001-04-20 2002-03-30 Two-wire sensor using pulse width modulation Expired - Fee Related EP1251474B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10119471 2001-04-20
DE10119471A DE10119471A1 (en) 2001-04-20 2001-04-20 Method and two-wire sensor for measuring a physical quantity

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EP1251474B1 true EP1251474B1 (en) 2005-02-09

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DE50202193D1 (en) 2005-03-17
US7124655B2 (en) 2006-10-24
DE10119471A1 (en) 2002-10-31
US20020153885A1 (en) 2002-10-24
EP1251474A1 (en) 2002-10-23

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