EP1250205A1 - Method for producing angular, stainless shot-blasting abrasives based on an fe-cr-c alloy - Google Patents

Method for producing angular, stainless shot-blasting abrasives based on an fe-cr-c alloy

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Publication number
EP1250205A1
EP1250205A1 EP01942587A EP01942587A EP1250205A1 EP 1250205 A1 EP1250205 A1 EP 1250205A1 EP 01942587 A EP01942587 A EP 01942587A EP 01942587 A EP01942587 A EP 01942587A EP 1250205 A1 EP1250205 A1 EP 1250205A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
granulate
blasting
gas mixture
chromium
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Granted
Application number
EP01942587A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1250205B1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard SÄNGER
Oliver Zyto
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Vulkan Inox GmbH
Original Assignee
Vulkan Strahltechnik GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1250205A1 publication Critical patent/EP1250205A1/en
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Publication of EP1250205B1 publication Critical patent/EP1250205B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing abrasive grains from rustproof stainless steel casting, in which a granulate is first produced from the melt of a hardenable iron-chromium-carbon alloy, which then undergoes a heat treatment for hardening and is subsequently broken down into sharp-edged grains.
  • rusting blasting media such as steel shot or steel gravel
  • rusting blasting media such as steel shot or steel gravel
  • iron-containing residues on the workpiece surface. Due to the oxidation of the adhering iron residues, rust spots appear undesirably within a very short time.
  • mineral abrasives such as. B. electrical corundum, silicon carbide or glass
  • rust-free metallic abrasives are known. Mention should be made of cast stainless steel shot from rust-resistant steel alloys. This material has a number of advantages over mineral abrasives.
  • a granulate consisting of essentially round grains is first produced from a melt of a hardenable chromium cast iron alloy. This is hardened by being quenched in water after a heat treatment at 1000 ° C to 1100 ° C. Then the grains are broken so that a sharp-edged material is formed.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the undesired oxidation of the material is promoted by quenching the steel, which is hotter than 1000 ° C., in water. Furthermore, the achievable cooling rate is severely limited when using water (vapor phase). However, effective quenching is absolutely necessary in order to obtain a material that is as brittle as possible. This is the prerequisite that the grains can later be broken so that the desired sharp-edged granules are produced.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of rustproof abrasive in which oxidation of the granules is excluded during the hardening and breaking process steps and in which the brittleness of the material achieved by the hardening is so high that breaking of the blasting grain to sharp-edged granules is possible with simple means.
  • this object is achieved in that the heat treatment at> 900 ° Celsius in reducing atmosphere follows and that a reducing gas or gas mixture is also used for the subsequent cooling.
  • the reducing atmosphere is expediently a gas mixture which contains hydrogen and nitrogen.
  • a gas mixture which contains 60% to 80% hydrogen and 20% to 40% nitrogen is particularly suitable for the process according to the invention. The best results were achieved with 70% hydrogen and 30% nitrogen.
  • a vibrating tube mill is particularly well suited to producing the desired sharp-edged granulate from the hardened starting material.
  • the blasting agent For use in the surface treatment of metallic workpieces, it is advisable for the blasting agent to be classified according to the grain size.
  • a further process step for grain fractionation with which the setting of the desired grain mixture is achieved, can follow the production process according to the invention. The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
  • the drawing shows a flow diagram of the production process, the upper part comprising the process steps for producing the starting granulate, while the lower part shows hardening, breaking and classifying.
  • the starting material for the abrasive is steel scrap, which is fed to the manufacturing process from a scrap store 1.
  • carbon in the form of graphite 2 and chromium 3 is added to it from suitable storage containers.
  • the raw material mixture is then melted into an alloy in a melting furnace 4. This contains 2.0% carbon and 30% to 32% chromium.
  • the melt passes through a atomizing device 5 at a temperature of more than 1420 ° Celsius, whereby granules with a wide range of grain diameters are formed.
  • the atomized droplets of the molten metal are quenched in a water bath, so that solid granulate collects on the bottom of a granulation basin 6.
  • the granulate is removed from the basin from a fume cupboard 7 and goes through the process steps of draining 8 and drying 9. After passing through cooling 10, the starting material for the rust-resistant chrome cast alloy is available.
  • the starting granulate is now fed to a furnace 11, in which it is annealed at more than 900 ° Celsius in an atmosphere of hydrogen and nitrogen 13 at low pressure, after which it is conveyed into a storage container 12.
  • a furnace 11 By annealing the granulate at> 900 ° C, secondary carbides are separated from the alloy-rich matrix, which changes the composition of the matrix.
  • a martensite conversion is only possible through the elimination of the secondary carbides, which then leads to an increase in hardness to> 60 HRC when the granules cool down from temperatures> 900 ° C.
  • the granulate is fed from the container 12 to the crusher 15 by means of a bucket elevator 14.
  • the crusher 15 is preferably designed as a vibrating tube mill and comminutes the hardened, brittle granulate into sharp-edged fragments. By using such pulse mills, it is particularly easy to break down the material under strong internal stresses into sharp-edged fragments.
  • the grain mixture formed during crushing has a wide size distribution.
  • a screening assembly 16 is now run through for classification. Oversize 17 that is too coarse is fed back to the crusher. The undersize 18, which is too fine, is removed from the process at this point and melted in the melting furnace 4.
  • Gutkorn 19 with a diameter between 0.1 and 0.8 mm is either stored in a silo 20 or added to the fine classification of a further screening plant 21. Blasting media with different grain sizes are stored in silos 22, 23 and 24 until they are removed for dispatch to the end user.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing rust-resistant, angular shot-blasting abrasives (>60 HRC) based on a Fe-Cr-C alloy. According to said method, a granulate consisting of an iron-chrome-carbon alloy is tempered to >60 HRC by subjecting it to a thermal treatment of greater than 900° Celsius in a reduced atmosphere. A stainless, hard material which can be reduced to angular granules is thus produced. This results in shot-blasting abrasives with excellent characteristics for treating the surface of workpieces consisting of stainless material, e.g. stainless steel, non-ferrous metal and natural stone.

Description

Herstellungsverfahren für ein kantiges, rostfreies Strahlmittel auf Basis einer Fe-Cr-C-Legierung Manufacturing process for an edged, rust-free blasting medium based on an Fe-Cr-C alloy
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Strahlmittel-Körnern aus nichtrostendem Edelstahlguß, bei dem zunächst aus der Schmelze einer härtbaren Eisen-Chrom-Kohlenstoff-Legierung ein Granulat erzeugt wird, welches dann eine Wärmebehandlung zur Härtung durchläuft und anschließend zu scharfkantigen Körnern gebrochen wird.The invention relates to a method for producing abrasive grains from rustproof stainless steel casting, in which a granulate is first produced from the melt of a hardenable iron-chromium-carbon alloy, which then undergoes a heat treatment for hardening and is subsequently broken down into sharp-edged grains.
Zur Strahlbehandlung von Werkstücken aus nichtrostenden Materialien ist es erforderlich, ebenfalls rostfreie Strahlmittel zu verwenden, weil rostende Strahlmittel, wie Stahlschrot oder Stahlkies, auf der Werkstückoberfläche eisenhaltige Rückstände hinterlassen. Durch die Oxidation der anhaftenden Eisenreste tre- ten dann unerwünschterweise innerhalb kürzester Zeit Rostflecken auf. Neben nichtmetallischen, meist mineralischen Strahlmitteln, wie z. B. Elektrokorund, Siliziumkarbid oder Glas, sind auch nichtrostende metallische Strahlmittel bekannt. Zu nennen ist hierbei Edelstahlgußstrahlschrot aus rostbeständigen Stahllegierungen. Dieses Material hat gegenüber den mineralischen Strahlmit- teln eine Reihe von Vorzügen. So läßt sich mit den metallischen Strahlkörnern eine wesentlich erhöhte Standzeit in den üblichen Strahlanlagen erzielen, da der Edelstahl aufgrund seiner größeren Duktilität bei der Strahlbehandlung in wesentlich geringerem Ausmaß zertrümmert wird. Aufgrund des durch die hohe Schlagzähigkeit bedingten, guten Verschleißverhaltens hat sich insbesondere bei der Verwendung in Strahlanlagen, die mit Schleuderrädern ausgestattet sind, der Einsatz von Edelstahlstrahlmitteln bewährt. Zwei Kategorien von Strahlmitteln aus nichtrostendem Edelstahlguß sind bekannt. Dies sind zum einen Granulate aus kugeligen Körnern, die aus Stahlwerkstoffen mittlerer Härte (<45HRC) bestehen. Wie in der JP 61 257 775 offenbart, werden zum anderen auch scharfkantige Körner aus gehärtetem Chromgußeisen (>60HRC) eingesetzt, da sich durch diese verbesserte abrasive Eigenschaften erzielen lassen.For the blasting treatment of workpieces made of rustproof materials, it is necessary to also use rustproof blasting media, because rusting blasting media, such as steel shot or steel gravel, leave iron-containing residues on the workpiece surface. Due to the oxidation of the adhering iron residues, rust spots appear undesirably within a very short time. In addition to non-metallic, mostly mineral abrasives, such as. B. electrical corundum, silicon carbide or glass, also rust-free metallic abrasives are known. Mention should be made of cast stainless steel shot from rust-resistant steel alloys. This material has a number of advantages over mineral abrasives. With the metallic blasting grains, a significantly longer service life can be achieved in the conventional blasting systems, since the stainless steel is smashed to a much lesser extent due to its greater ductility in the blasting treatment. Due to the good wear behavior due to the high impact strength, the use of stainless steel abrasives has proven particularly useful when used in blasting systems equipped with centrifugal wheels. Two categories of blasting media made of stainless steel casting are known. These are, on the one hand, granules from spherical grains, which consist of steel materials of medium hardness (<45HR C ). As disclosed in JP 61 257 775, sharp-edged grains made of hardened chrome cast iron (> 60HRC) are also used, since improved abrasive properties can be achieved by these.
Gegenüber den Strahlmittelkörnern der erste Kategorie wird bei der Herstellung des scharfkantigen, gehärteten Granulats ein wesentlich höherer Fertigungsaufwand mit zusätzlichen Prozeßschritten erforderlich. Bei der Herstellung wird nach der JP 61 257 775 von einer Schmelze einer härtbaren Chromgußeisenlegierung ausgehend zunächst ein Granulat aus im wesentlichen runden Körnern hergestellt. Dieses wird gehärtet, in dem es nach einer Wärmebehandlung bei 1000°C bis 1100°C in Wasser abgeschreckt wird. Danach werden die Körner gebrochen, so daß ein scharfkantiges Material entsteht.Compared to the abrasive grains of the first category, the manufacture of the sharp-edged, hardened granulate requires a significantly higher manufacturing effort with additional process steps. According to JP 61 257 775, a granulate consisting of essentially round grains is first produced from a melt of a hardenable chromium cast iron alloy. This is hardened by being quenched in water after a heat treatment at 1000 ° C to 1100 ° C. Then the grains are broken so that a sharp-edged material is formed.
Nachteilig ist bei dieser Methode, daß durch das Abschrecken des mehr als 1000° Celsius heißen Stahls in Wasser die unerwünschte Oxidation des Materials begünstigt wird. Desweiteren ist bei der Verwendung von Wasser die erreichbare Abkühlrate stark eingeschränkt (Dampfphase). Effektives Abschrecken ist jedoch absolut notwendig, um ein möglichst sprödes Material zu erhalten. Dies ist die Voraussetzung dafür, daß die Körner später so gebrochen werden können, daß das gewünschte scharfkantige Granulat erzeugt wird.A disadvantage of this method is that the undesired oxidation of the material is promoted by quenching the steel, which is hotter than 1000 ° C., in water. Furthermore, the achievable cooling rate is severely limited when using water (vapor phase). However, effective quenching is absolutely necessary in order to obtain a material that is as brittle as possible. This is the prerequisite that the grains can later be broken so that the desired sharp-edged granules are produced.
Dementsprechend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von nichtrostendem Strahlmittel bereitzustellen, bei dem während der Prozeßschritte Härten und Brechen eine Oxidation des Granulates ausgeschlossen wird und bei dem die durch das Härten erreichte Sprödigkeit des Materials so hoch ist, daß ein Brechen des Strahlkorns zu scharfkantigem Granulat mit einfachen Mitteln möglich ist.Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of rustproof abrasive in which oxidation of the granules is excluded during the hardening and breaking process steps and in which the brittleness of the material achieved by the hardening is so high that breaking of the blasting grain to sharp-edged granules is possible with simple means.
Bei einem Herstellungsverfahren der eingangs genannten Art wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Wärmebehandlung bei >900° Celsius in reduzierender Atmosphäre folgt und daß für die daran anschließende Abkühlung ebenfalls ein reduzierendes Gas oder Gasgemisch verwendet wird.In a manufacturing process of the type mentioned, this object is achieved in that the heat treatment at> 900 ° Celsius in reducing atmosphere follows and that a reducing gas or gas mixture is also used for the subsequent cooling.
Dadurch daß das Granulat beim Härten ausschließlich einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre ausgesetzt ist, ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß eine unerwünschte Oxidation des Materials zuverlässig vermieden wird.Because the granules are only exposed to a reducing atmosphere during hardening, there is the advantage that undesired oxidation of the material is reliably avoided.
Zweckmäßigerweise handelt es sich bei der reduzierenden Atmosphäre um ein Gasgemisch, daß Wasserstoff und Stickstoff enthält. In der Praxis hat sich gezeigt, daß sich für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren insbesondere ein Gasgemisch eignet, daß 60% bis 80% Wasserstoff und 20% bis 40% Stickstoff enthält. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden erzielt mit 70% Wasserstoff und 30% Stickstoff.The reducing atmosphere is expediently a gas mixture which contains hydrogen and nitrogen. In practice it has been found that a gas mixture which contains 60% to 80% hydrogen and 20% to 40% nitrogen is particularly suitable for the process according to the invention. The best results were achieved with 70% hydrogen and 30% nitrogen.
Um Strahlmittels einer Eisen-Chromguß-Legierung herzustellen, sind besondere Verfahrensschritte einzuhalten. Durch die Verwendung einer Eisen-Chrom- Kohlenstoff-Legierung mit mindestens 2% Kohlenstoff und wenigstens 30% Chrom ergibt sich ein Material, welches korrosionsbeständig härtbar ist, wobei sich Härten von > 60 HRC ohne weiteres erzielen lassen. So ergibt sich ein Material, das sich durch eine hohe Widerstandfähigkeit gegen Oxidation und durch einen hervorragenden Verschleißwiderstand auszeichnet. Die Verwendung der bezeichneten Legierung beim dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist also besonders zweckmäßig, da hiermit die Kombination eines gut härtbaren und gleichzeitig korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoffes gegeben ist.In order to produce blasting media from an iron-chromium cast alloy, special process steps must be followed. The use of an iron-chromium-carbon alloy with at least 2% carbon and at least 30% chromium results in a material which can be hardened in a corrosion-resistant manner, with hardnesses of> 60 HRC being readily achievable. This results in a material that is characterized by high resistance to oxidation and excellent wear resistance. The use of the specified alloy in the method according to the invention is therefore particularly expedient, since this provides a combination of a material which is well hardenable and at the same time corrosion-resistant.
Für das Brechen des gehärteten Granulates ist es zweckmäßig, eine Impulsmühle zu verwenden. Insbesondere eine Rohrschwingmühle ist gut geeignet, um aus dem gehärteten Ausgangsmaterial das gewünschte scharfkantige Granulat zu erzeugen.It is advisable to use an impulse mill to break the hardened granulate. A vibrating tube mill is particularly well suited to producing the desired sharp-edged granulate from the hardened starting material.
Für den Einsatz bei der Oberflächenbehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken ist es zweckmäßig, wenn das Strahlmittel nach der Korngröße klassiert vorliegt. Hierzu kann dem erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahren ein weiterer Prozeßschritt zur Kornfraktionierung nachgeschaltet sein, mit dem die Einstellung der gewünschten Kornmischung erreicht wird. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.For use in the surface treatment of metallic workpieces, it is advisable for the blasting agent to be classified according to the grain size. For this purpose, a further process step for grain fractionation, with which the setting of the desired grain mixture is achieved, can follow the production process according to the invention. The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt ein Fließschema des Herstellungsverfahrens, wobei der obere Teil die Prozeßschritte zur Herstellung des Ausgangsgranulates umfaßt, während im unteren Teil das Härten, Brechen und Klassieren dargestellt sind.The drawing shows a flow diagram of the production process, the upper part comprising the process steps for producing the starting granulate, while the lower part shows hardening, breaking and classifying.
Ausgangsmaterial für das Strahlmittel ist Stahlschrott, der dem Herstellungsprozeß aus einem Schrottlager 1 zugeführt wird. Zur Einstellung der gewünschten Legierung wird diesem aus geeigneten Vorratsbehältern Kohlenstoff in Form von Graphit 2 und Chrom 3 zugefügt. Die Rohstoffmischung wird dann in einem Schmelzofen 4 zu einer Legierung verschmolzen. Diese enthält 2,0% Kohlenstoff und 30% bis 32% Chrom.The starting material for the abrasive is steel scrap, which is fed to the manufacturing process from a scrap store 1. To set the desired alloy, carbon in the form of graphite 2 and chromium 3 is added to it from suitable storage containers. The raw material mixture is then melted into an alloy in a melting furnace 4. This contains 2.0% carbon and 30% to 32% chromium.
Die Schmelze durchläuft bei einer Temperatur von mehr als 1420° Celsius eine Verdüsungsvorrichtung 5, wobei ein Granulat mit einem breiten Spektrum von Korndurchmessern entsteht. Die verdüsten Tröpfchen der Metallschmelze wer- den in einem Wasserbad abgeschreckt, so daß sich festes Granulat am Boden eines Granuiierungsbeckens 6 ansammelt.The melt passes through a atomizing device 5 at a temperature of more than 1420 ° Celsius, whereby granules with a wide range of grain diameters are formed. The atomized droplets of the molten metal are quenched in a water bath, so that solid granulate collects on the bottom of a granulation basin 6.
Das Granulat wird dem Becken aus einem Abzug 7 entnommen und durchläuft die Verfahrensschritte Abtropfen 8 und Trocknen 9. Nach Durchlaufen einer Kühlung 10 liegt das Ausgangsmaterial für die rostbeständige Chromgußlegierung vor.The granulate is removed from the basin from a fume cupboard 7 and goes through the process steps of draining 8 and drying 9. After passing through cooling 10, the starting material for the rust-resistant chrome cast alloy is available.
Das Ausgangsgranulat wird nun einem Ofen 11 zugeführt, in dem es bei mehr als 900° Celsius in einer Atmosphäre von Wasserstoff und Stickstoff 13 bei niedrigem Druck geglüht wird, wonach es in einen Vorratsbehälter 12 gefördert wird. Durch die Glühung des Granulates bei >900°C kommt es zur Ausscheidung von Sekundärkarbiden aus der legierungsreichen Matrix, wodurch sich die Zusammensetzung der Matrix verändert. Erst durch die Ausscheidung der Sekundärkarbiede ist eine Martensitumwandlung möglich, die dann beim Abkühlen des Granulates von Temperaturen >900°C zu einer Härtesteigerung auf >60 HRC führt. Aus dem Behälter 12 wird das Granulat mittels eines Becherwerkes 14 dem Brecher 15 zugeleitet. Der Brecher 15 ist vorzugsweise als Rohrschwingmühle ausgebildet und zerkleinert das gehärtete, spröde Granulat zu scharfkantigen Bruchkörpern. Durch die Verwendung von solchen Impulsmühlen gelingt es besonders gut, daß unter starken inneren Spannungen stehende Material in scharfkantige Bruchstücke zu zerlegen. Die beim Brechen entstehende Kornmischung weist eine breite Größenverteilung auf. Zur Klassierung wird nun eine Siebaniage 16 durchlaufen. Zu grobes Überkorn 17 wird dem Brecher wieder zugeführt. Das zu feine Unterkorn 18 wird an dieser Stelle dem Prozeß entnommen und im Schmelzofen 4 eingeschmolzen. Gutkorn 19 mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 0,1 und 0,8 mm wird entweder in einem Silo 20 gelagert oder zur Feinstklassierung einer weiteren Siebanlage 21 aufgegeben. Strahlmittel mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Korngrößen werden in den Silos 22, 23 und 24 bevorratet, bis sie zum Versand an den Endverbraucher entnommen werden. The starting granulate is now fed to a furnace 11, in which it is annealed at more than 900 ° Celsius in an atmosphere of hydrogen and nitrogen 13 at low pressure, after which it is conveyed into a storage container 12. By annealing the granulate at> 900 ° C, secondary carbides are separated from the alloy-rich matrix, which changes the composition of the matrix. A martensite conversion is only possible through the elimination of the secondary carbides, which then leads to an increase in hardness to> 60 HRC when the granules cool down from temperatures> 900 ° C. The granulate is fed from the container 12 to the crusher 15 by means of a bucket elevator 14. The crusher 15 is preferably designed as a vibrating tube mill and comminutes the hardened, brittle granulate into sharp-edged fragments. By using such pulse mills, it is particularly easy to break down the material under strong internal stresses into sharp-edged fragments. The grain mixture formed during crushing has a wide size distribution. A screening assembly 16 is now run through for classification. Oversize 17 that is too coarse is fed back to the crusher. The undersize 18, which is too fine, is removed from the process at this point and melted in the melting furnace 4. Gutkorn 19 with a diameter between 0.1 and 0.8 mm is either stored in a silo 20 or added to the fine classification of a further screening plant 21. Blasting media with different grain sizes are stored in silos 22, 23 and 24 until they are removed for dispatch to the end user.

Claims

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Strahlmittel-Körnern aus nichtrostendem Edelstahlguß, bei dem zunächst aus der Schmelze einer härtba- ren Eisen-Chrom-Kohlenstoff-Legierung ein Granulat erzeugt wird, welches dann eine Wärmebehandlung zur Härtung durchläuft und anschließend zu scharfkantigen Körnern gebrochen wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Wärmebehandlung bei >900° Celsius in reduzierender Atmosphäre erfolgt und daß für die daran anschließende Abkühlung ebenfalls ein reduzierendes Gas oder Gasgemisch verwendet wird.1. Process for the production of abrasive grains from rustproof stainless steel casting, in which a granulate is first produced from the melt of a hardenable iron-chromium-carbon alloy, which then undergoes a heat treatment for hardening and is subsequently broken down into sharp-edged grains, characterized in that the heat treatment takes place at> 900 ° Celsius in a reducing atmosphere and that a reducing gas or gas mixture is also used for the subsequent cooling.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die reduzierende Atmosphäre ein Gasgemisch ist, das Wasserstoff und Stickstoff enthält.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reducing atmosphere is a gas mixture containing hydrogen and nitrogen.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the
Gasgemisch aus 60% bis 80% Wasserstoff und 20% bis 40% Stickstoff besteht.Gas mixture consists of 60% to 80% hydrogen and 20% to 40% nitrogen.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schmelze wenigstens 2% Kohlenstoff und wenigstens 30% Chrom enthält.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the melt contains at least 2% carbon and at least 30% chromium.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Brechen des Granulates mittels einer Impulsmühle, insbesondere mittels einer Rohrschwingmühle erfolgt. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granules are broken by means of an impulse mill, in particular by means of a vibrating tube mill.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß anschließend eine Kornfraktionierung zur Einstellung diverser Kornmischungen durchgeführt wird. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a grain fractionation is then carried out to adjust various grain mixtures.
EP01942587A 2000-01-22 2001-01-11 Method for producing angular, stainless shot-blasting abrasives based on an fe-cr-c alloy Expired - Lifetime EP1250205B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10002738 2000-01-22
DE10002738A DE10002738A1 (en) 2000-01-22 2000-01-22 Production of abrasive grains made of non-rusting cast stainless steel involves producing granules from a hardenable iron-chromium-carbon alloy melt, heat treating and cooling
PCT/EP2001/000252 WO2001053022A1 (en) 2000-01-22 2001-01-11 Method for producing angular, stainless shot-blasting abrasives based on an fe-cr-c alloy

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CN102390044A (en) * 2011-10-25 2012-03-28 张铮 Steel grit manufacturing method
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AU769520B2 (en) 2004-01-29
KR100790097B1 (en) 2007-12-31
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WO2001053022A1 (en) 2001-07-26
BR0107685A (en) 2002-11-19
CZ296109B6 (en) 2006-01-11
DE10002738A1 (en) 2001-07-26
ATE243594T1 (en) 2003-07-15
CA2397953A1 (en) 2001-07-26
NZ520233A (en) 2004-12-24
CN1422194A (en) 2003-06-04
SI20913A (en) 2002-12-31
EP1250205B1 (en) 2003-06-25
CZ20022532A3 (en) 2003-01-15
ES2202290T3 (en) 2004-04-01
KR20020080380A (en) 2002-10-23
US20030136224A1 (en) 2003-07-24
PT1250205E (en) 2003-11-28
EA003956B1 (en) 2003-10-30
UA73545C2 (en) 2005-08-15
DK1250205T3 (en) 2003-09-29
AU2846301A (en) 2001-07-31
EA200200784A1 (en) 2003-02-27
US6764557B2 (en) 2004-07-20
JP2003524690A (en) 2003-08-19
JP5085826B2 (en) 2012-11-28
ZA200205764B (en) 2003-11-04
DE50100333D1 (en) 2003-07-31
CA2397953C (en) 2009-11-10

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