EP1249662A1 - Steam generator - Google Patents

Steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1249662A1
EP1249662A1 EP02007233A EP02007233A EP1249662A1 EP 1249662 A1 EP1249662 A1 EP 1249662A1 EP 02007233 A EP02007233 A EP 02007233A EP 02007233 A EP02007233 A EP 02007233A EP 1249662 A1 EP1249662 A1 EP 1249662A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
steam
steam generator
circuit
venturi nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02007233A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1249662B1 (en
Inventor
Jiri Dr. Ing. Jekerle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arvos GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Power Energy Recovery GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1249662A1 publication Critical patent/EP1249662A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1869—Hot gas water tube boilers not provided for in F22B1/1807 - F22B1/1861
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1884—Hot gas heating tube boilers with one or more heating tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/62—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B37/70—Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator, in particular a heat recovery steam generator or boiler for heating with hot exhaust gases.
  • Such steam generators are mainly used with hot exhaust gases from energy and / or process plants and often consist of several water-side strands or circuits that not only have different geometries have, but also have very different heat absorption. For this Basically, it is often necessary to distribute the amount of water in circulation on individual strands or circuits z. B. to control with the help of throttle elements.
  • Controlling the amount of water circulating in a steam generator with one Natural circulation system is a more difficult problem because these steam generators in the As a rule, there is no sufficient pressure difference available for the installation of throttle orifices stands.
  • the available pressure difference in the individual pipe strings or circuits is through the heating intensity, the height difference and the pressure loss in the individual Predetermined strands.
  • the installation of throttle nozzles or orifices to improve the Water distribution here is based on the amount of water in the well-circulating strands throttling in order to circulate water in the weakly circulating strands to increase the lower friction pressure loss in the common downpipes and risers.
  • the total amount of circulation in the system is often disadvantageously reduced as a result, where for the strand concerned, i.e. the weakly circulating strand only a moderate one Improvement can be achieved.
  • the venturi device is inserted into the Down pipe of the water / steam circuit used Venturi nozzle formed.
  • the downpipe with a standard nozzle, for example, a Venturi nozzle according to EN ISO 5167-1.
  • Venturi nozzle device a downpipe formed as a Venturi tube is formed. So that's it Venturi nozzle device fully integrated in the downpipe and can possibly be from the same Material and be made from one piece.
  • the steam generator according to the invention is preferably operated in natural circulation.
  • Have water circulation operate with an increased water circulation without being on need to resort to additional pumps, the investment, operating and Demand maintenance costs.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter is d the Venturi nozzle device at its narrowest cross section to the inner diameter D the downpipe between 1.0 and 0.01.
  • FIG. 1 shows a steam generator 1, which is designed as a smoke tube boiler and one Heat recovery steam generator represents.
  • the steam generator 1 essentially comprises one vertically arranged water space 29, the side through a jacket 27 and above and is limited below by end or tube plates 23, 24.
  • the water space 29 is from penetrates at least one bundle of smoke pipes 30, which between the end plates 23 and 24 are arranged gas-tight and are essentially vertical. That for warming of the heating medium or hot exhaust gas required in the water chamber 29 is supplied to the steam generator 1 via an inlet 21 and the gas inlet chamber 22.
  • the heating gas passes from the inlet chamber 22 into through the water chamber 29 leading smoke pipes 30 and gives heat to that located in the water chamber 29 Water.
  • the cooled heating medium then passes through the Gas outlet chamber 25 to the outlet 26, from where it is via lines, not shown further process steps can be supplied.
  • the hot exhaust gas passed from top to bottom through the steam generator 1. This can vary depending Requirements also take place from bottom to top.
  • the water space 29 together with the smoke tube bundle 30 and the two tube plates 23, 24 form the evaporator device 4 of the first water / steam cycle 2.
  • the steam generator 1 has two water / steam circuits or strands 2, 3 on. From the water / steam drum 6 with a line, not shown Feed water is supplied, the water passes through a common downpipe 7 leads away from the drum 6 and is substantially vertical, and over the Branch 8 into the two water / steam circuits 2, 3.
  • the branch 8 leading line 9 of the first circuit 2 leads the water through the in In the immediate vicinity of the lower end plate 24, the inlet 15 into the water space 29 on.
  • the result of the warming and the resulting upward lift flowing water or steam is in the area of the upper end plate 23 through the outlet 16 are discharged from the water space 29 and via the branch line 9 and riser line 19 the drum 6 fed.
  • Already generated steam can be removed from the drum 6 via a Line 28 a superheater (not shown) in the steam generator 1 or another Purpose to be fed.
  • the non-evaporated water is from the drum 6 again Circulations 2, 3 supplied via the downpipe 7.
  • the branch line 10 of the second water / steam circuit leading away from the branch 8 3 according to Figures 1 to 3 is designed such that the Inlet opening 14 of the strand line 10 just behind the narrowest cross section of the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12, i.e. in the area of the diffuser-shaped outlet 39, and in arranged in the middle of the downpipe 7 and the branch line 10 is designed as a pitot tube.
  • the strand line 10 expediently guided away substantially perpendicular to line 9.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is effected by the venturi device 11, 12 built-up dynamic pressure of the flowing liquid a pressure increase at the inlet 14 of the second circuit 3 or the branch line 10, in which the water throughput is targeted at a higher level should be set.
  • the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 is made either from a streamlined shaped Venturi nozzle 11, for example DIN EN ISO 5167-1 with a given diameter ( Figure 2) or as Venturi tube 12 shaped downpipe 7 ( Figure 3), in the case of cross-sectional expansion the static pressure of the fluid is recovered. With the help of the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 is the flow rate and thus the dynamic pressure before the as a pitot tube trained line 10 increased.
  • the high flow rate is reduced again, the static pressure increases.
  • the increased dynamic pressure at the inlet 14 into the second water / steam circuit 3 is thus only by converting the kinetic energy of the flowing medium in the Downpipe 7 generated without an additional loss of friction pressure by throttling in to cause the first water / steam circuit 2 or in the inlet 13 to the branch line 9.
  • the arrangement according to the invention thus takes place in the second circuit 3 Pressure increase instead of using an additional pump.
  • the buoyancy of the natural circulatory system is thus optimal for the Setting the desired water distribution within the water / steam cycles 2, 3 of the steam generator 1 is used.
  • the now increased in the second circuit 3 Amount of water is through the line 10 in the water space 29 of the Steam generator 1 introduced that the line 10 is centered with respect to the tube plate 23rd and opens in the immediate vicinity below the tube plate 23 and the water inevitably from below against the heating medium entering the inlet chamber 22 particularly heated tube plate 23 is passed.
  • the as thermally endangered tube plate 23 can be safely cooled and the steam production in Steam generator 1 maintained without failures or more frequent maintenance intervals become.
  • the evaporator device 5 of the second circuit 3 essentially comprises the water space 29 and the upper tube plate 23.
  • the branch line 10 of the second circuit 3 can also be operated according to FIG. in axial direction of the down pipe 7 from the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 away become.
  • the strand line 9 of the first water / steam circuit 2 in usually led away perpendicular to the downpipe 7.
  • FIG. 1 At the steam generator acc. Figure 1 are the two circuits 2, 3 in Water space 29 merged and by means of a common outlet 16, 18 common outlet line 9/10, 19/20 supplied to the drum 6.
  • the two circuits 2, 3 i.e. circuits 2, 3 each have separate evaporator devices 4, 5) over the respective circuits separate outlets 16, 18 and strand lines and risers 9, 19 and 10, 20 of the Feed drum 6.
  • FIG two or more branches 8 each one behind the other in the direction of flow arranged in the downpipe 7 and each formed with a Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 are arranged in the downpipe 7.
  • FIG a third water / steam circuit 31 which, like the second circuit 3, has a experiences increased water circulation.
  • the working medium passes through the inlet opening 37 into the third branch line 32 in the region of the diffuser 39 at the second branch 8 and is fed to a third evaporator device 33, in order to subsequently pass through the String line 32 to be fed back to the drum 6.
  • FIG. 5 instead of a strand line in the area of Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 several strand lines 10, 32, 35 for several circuits 3, 31, 34 to be arranged.
  • the inlet openings 14, 37, 38 are the String lines 10, 32, 35 also in the area of the diffuser 39 Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 arranged such that the three inlet openings 14, 37, 38 together in the middle of the downpipe lie around an even quantity distribution to achieve the individual strands 10, 32, 35.
  • the string lines 10, 32, 35 lead in each case essentially perpendicularly away from the downpipe 7.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further variant of a steam generator 1 according to the invention
  • Steam generator acc. 7 is also a heat recovery steam generator, however, not a smoke tube boiler, but a water tube boiler.
  • the Steam generator 1 has a substantially vertical throttle cable 40, which in the is essentially formed from water-cooled pipe walls and the Evaporator device 4 of the first water / steam circuit 2 of two available Forms circuits.
  • the working medium is water from the drum 6 on the Down pipe 7 and through the inlet opening 13 of the branch line 9 Evaporator device 4 supplied, partially evaporated here and then over the strand line 9 is fed back to the drum 6.
  • the working medium of the second circuit 3 is at the junction 8 through the Inlet opening 14 of the branch line 10 and then the evaporator device 5 are designed as contact heating surfaces and are arranged in the gas flue 40. After partial evaporation of the water, the working medium passes through the String line 10 back into the drum 6.
  • the water circulation in the second water / steam circuit 3 through the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 on the Branch 8 of the downpipe 7 increased.
  • the heating medium or hot exhaust gas passes through the inlet 21 below in the gas duct 40 of the steam generator 1 and flows through the gas duct 40 from the bottom up, before it is fed 26 further process steps at the outlet becomes.
  • the heating medium gives heat to the Pipe walls and the contact heating surfaces, i.e. to the evaporator devices 4 and 5 from.
  • the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12th expediently arranged downstream of the circulation pump, which in the downpipe 7 is arranged.
  • the downpipe 7 is strictly upstream of the forced circulation Circulation pump a suction line and downstream a pressure line just like that Riser pipe 19, 20.
  • the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 is like in the forced circulation the amount of water circulating in the second circuit 3 increases during natural circulation.
  • Venturi nozzles 11 can be used as Venturi nozzle devices 11, 12 or classic Venturi tubes 12, such as those used in the flow measurement of Fluids with throttling devices according to DIN EN ISO 5167-1 are used, be used.
  • the Venturi nozzle devices 11, 12 point in Flow direction of the fluid or the working medium water seen one Inlet cone, a cylindrical neck part with inner diameter d (narrowest cross section), and a diffuser 39, with an inlet curve instead of the inlet cone according to the Venturi nozzle according to DIN EN ISO 5167-1 is possible and the narrowest Cross-sectional neck portion may not be cylindrical.
  • the openings for the Flow measurement in the neck part can inevitably be omitted.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter d Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 at its narrowest cross section to the inner diameter D the downpipe 7 be between 1.0 and 0.01.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

A steam generator for converting water to steam by the transfer of heat from a heating medium includes two or more water/steam circuits. Each water/steam circuit has at least one evaporator for transferring the heat from the heating medium to the water. A single water/steam drum receives steam or water and steam from the evaporators. A descending pipe has at least one bypass, from which the supply pipes of the respective water/steam circuits branch off, and a venturi device in the area of the bypass. The inlet opening of the supply pipe of at least one water/steam circuit is disposed in the area of diffuser-shaped outlet of the venturi device such that the supply pipe section acts as a dynamic compression pipe in order to increase the pressure of the working medium in this circuit. STEAM GENERATOR

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dampferzeuger, insbesondere einen Abhitzedampferzeuger bzw. -kessel für die Beheizung mit heißen Abgasen.The invention relates to a steam generator, in particular a heat recovery steam generator or boiler for heating with hot exhaust gases.

Derartige Dampferzeuger werden vorwiegend mit heißen Abgasen aus energetischen und/oder verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen beaufschlagt und bestehen oft aus mehreren wasserseitigen Strängen bzw. Kreisläufen, die nicht nur über unterschiedliche Geometrien verfügen, sondern auch sehr unterschiedliche Wärmeaufnahmen aufweisen. Aus diesem Grunde ist es oft notwendig, die Verteilung der Wasserumlaufmenge auf einzelne Stränge bzw. Kreisläufe z. B. mit Hilfe von Drosselelementen zu steuern.Such steam generators are mainly used with hot exhaust gases from energy and / or process plants and often consist of several water-side strands or circuits that not only have different geometries have, but also have very different heat absorption. For this Basically, it is often necessary to distribute the amount of water in circulation on individual strands or circuits z. B. to control with the help of throttle elements.

Bei Dampferzeuger mit einem Zwangsumlauf wird bekanntlich die Verteilung der Wasserumlaufmenge auf einzelne wasserseitige Stränge mit Hilfe von Drosselblenden, die am Eintritt in die einzelnen Heizflächenschlangen bzw. Stränge eingebaut sind, gesteuert (La Mont System). Die Druckdifferenz, die von den einzelnen Rohrsträngen und den Drosselblenden verursacht wird, muss hier mit Hilfe einer Umlaufpumpe erzeugt und überwunden werden.With steam generators with a forced circulation, it is known that the distribution of the Water circulation quantity on individual strands on the water side with the help of orifice plates are installed at the entrance to the individual heating surface coils or strands, controlled (La Mont System). The pressure difference from the individual pipe strings and the Throttling orifices must be generated here with the help of a circulation pump be overcome.

Die Steuerung der Wasserumlaufmenge in einem Dampferzeuger mit einem Naturumlaufsystem ist ein schwierigeres Problem, da bei diesen Dampferzeugern in der Regel keine ausreichende Druckdifferenz für den Einbau von Drosselblenden zur Verfügung steht. Die verfügbare Druckdifferenz in den einzelnen Rohrsträngen bzw. Kreisläufen ist durch die Beheizungsintensität, die Höhendifferenz und den Druckverlust in den einzelnen Strängen vorbestimmt. Der Einbau von Drosseldüsen bzw. -blenden zur Verbesserung der Wasserverteilung beruht hier darauf, die Wassermenge in den gut umlaufenden Strängen abzudrosseln, um in den schwach umlaufenden Strängen den Wasserumlauf über einen niedrigeren Reibungsdruckverlust in den gemeinsamen Fall- und Steigleitungen zu erhöhen. Die Gesamtumlaufmenge im System wird dadurch in nachteiliger Weise oft stark reduziert, wobei für den betroffenen Strang, d.h. den schwach umlaufenden Strang nur eine mäßige Verbesserung erreicht werden kann. Controlling the amount of water circulating in a steam generator with one Natural circulation system is a more difficult problem because these steam generators in the As a rule, there is no sufficient pressure difference available for the installation of throttle orifices stands. The available pressure difference in the individual pipe strings or circuits is through the heating intensity, the height difference and the pressure loss in the individual Predetermined strands. The installation of throttle nozzles or orifices to improve the Water distribution here is based on the amount of water in the well-circulating strands throttling in order to circulate water in the weakly circulating strands to increase the lower friction pressure loss in the common downpipes and risers. The total amount of circulation in the system is often disadvantageously reduced as a result, where for the strand concerned, i.e. the weakly circulating strand only a moderate one Improvement can be achieved.

Es ist nun Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Dampferzeuger zu schaffen, bei dem die Wasserumlaufmengen in den einzelnen Strängen bzw. Kreisläufen effektiver verteilt werden kann, ohne die gesamte Wasserumlaufmenge im System wesentlich zu beeinträchtigen.It is an object of the invention to provide a steam generator in which the Water circulation quantities can be distributed more effectively in the individual strands or circuits can, without significantly affecting the total amount of water circulating in the system.

Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.The above object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird ein Dampferzeuger geschaffen, der die nachfolgenden Vorteile aufweist:

  • Verteilung der Wasserumlaufmengen je Strang bzw. Kreislauf entsprechend den Anforderungen durch Druckerhöhung in dem Strang bzw. den Strängen, in dem bzw. denen eine Umlaufmengenerhöhung erforderlich oder gewünscht ist, ohne einen zusätzlichen Reibungsdruckverlust in dem Strang zu verursachen, der ohne Druckerhöhung auskommt, d.h. durch diese Maßnahme kann
    • a) fehlender Auftrieb in einem Strang oder mehreren Strängen kompensiert werden,
    • b) ein eigener hoher Druckverlust eines Stranges besser überwunden und somit mehr bzw. weitestgehend den anderen Strängen angeglichen werden,
    • c) eine Verdampfer-Einrichtung innerhalb eines Dampferzeugers, die einen höheren Kühlbedarf aufweist, wie z.B. eine End- oder Rohrplatte eines Rauchrohrkessels, mit einer höheren Kühlwassermenge beaufschlagt werden,
  • Bewerkstelligung der Druckerhöhung in dem Strang bzw. den Strängen, in dem bzw. denen eine Umlaufmengenerhöhung erforderlich ist, ohne eine zusätzliche Pumpe vorzusehen.
The solution according to the invention creates a steam generator which has the following advantages:
  • Distribution of the circulating water quantities per line or circuit according to the requirements by increasing the pressure in the line or lines in which an increase in the number of circulations is required or desired without causing an additional loss of frictional pressure in the line that does not require an increase in pressure, that is, by this measure can
    • a) missing buoyancy is compensated in one or more strands,
    • b) an own high pressure loss of a strand can be better overcome and thus more or largely adjusted to the other strands,
    • c) an evaporator device within a steam generator, which has a higher cooling requirement, such as, for example, an end plate or tube plate of a smoke tube boiler, is subjected to a higher amount of cooling water,
  • Managing the pressure increase in the line or lines in which an increase in the circulation quantity is required without providing an additional pump.

In vorteilhafter Ausbildung der Erfindung wird die Venturidüseneinrichtung durch eine in die Fallleitung des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes eingesetzte Venturidüse gebildet. Durch diese Maßnahme ist es ein Leichtes, die Fallleitung mit einer marktüblichen, genormten Düse, beispielsweise einer Venturidüse gemäß EN ISO 5167-1, auszubilden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the venturi device is inserted into the Down pipe of the water / steam circuit used Venturi nozzle formed. Through this Measure it is easy, the downpipe with a standard nozzle, for example, a Venturi nozzle according to EN ISO 5167-1.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es, daß die Venturidüseneinrichtung durch eine als Venturirohr geformte Fallleitung gebildet wird. Damit ist die Venturidüseneinrichtung völlig in der Fallleitung integriert und kann ggf. aus demselben Material und aus einem Stück gefertigt werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the Venturi nozzle device a downpipe formed as a Venturi tube is formed. So that's it Venturi nozzle device fully integrated in the downpipe and can possibly be from the same Material and be made from one piece.

Vorzugsweise wird der erfindungsgemäße Dampferzeuger im Naturumlauf betrieben. Dabei kann ein oder mehrere Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufe, der oder die aus unterschiedlichen Gründen einen gegenüber einem anderen oder weiteren Kreisläufen schwächeren Wasserumlauf haben, mit einem erhöhten Wasserumlauf betrieben werden, ohne auf zusätzliche Pumpen zurückgreifen zu müssen, die Investitions-, Betriebs- und Wartungskosten abverlangen.The steam generator according to the invention is preferably operated in natural circulation. there can be one or more water / steam cycles that are made up of different Establish a weaker compared to another or further circuits Have water circulation, operate with an increased water circulation without being on need to resort to additional pumps, the investment, operating and Demand maintenance costs.

Vorteilhaft ist es ferner, den erfindungsgemäßen Dampferzeuger im Zwangumlauf zu betreiben. Dabei kann ein oder mehrere Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufe, der oder die aus unterschiedlichen Gründen einen gegenüber einem anderen oder weiteren Kreisläufen schwächeren Wasserumlauf haben, mit einem erhöhten Wasserumlauf betrieben werden.It is also advantageous to forcibly circulate the steam generator according to the invention operate. One or more water / steam cycles, the one or more different reasons one over another or further cycles have weaker water circulation, are operated with an increased water circulation.

In vorteilhafter Ausbildung der Erfindung beträgt das Verhältnis des Innendurchmessers d der Venturidüseneinrichtung an deren engstem Querschnitt zu dem Innendurchmesser D der Fallleitung zwischen 1,0 und 0,01. Durch diese Ausbildung ist sichergestellt, daß sich der Effekt einer erhöhten Wasserumlaufmenge in dem Kreislauf einstellt, dessen Eintrittsöffnung im diffusorförmigen Austritt der Venturidüseneinrichtung liegt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the inner diameter is d the Venturi nozzle device at its narrowest cross section to the inner diameter D the downpipe between 1.0 and 0.01. This training ensures that the effect of an increased amount of water circulating in the circuit, the Entry opening is in the diffuser-shaped outlet of the Venturi nozzle device.

Nachstehend sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung an Hand der Zeichnungen und der Beschreibung näher erläutert.Below are embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings and the Description explained in more detail.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
schematisch dargestellt einen Abhitzedampferzeuger in Form eines Rauchrohrkessels in Seitenansicht und teilweise im Längsschnitt,
Fig. 2
eine Abzweigung an der Fallleitung des Dampferzeugers gemäß Einzelheit A der Figur 1 mit zwei Strangleitungen,
Fig. 3
wie Figur 2, jedoch alternative Ausführung,
Fig. 4
wie Figur 2, jedoch alternative Ausführung mit mehr als zwei Strang- bzw. Kreislaufleitungen,
Fig. 5
wie Figur 4, jedoch alternative Ausführung,
Fig. 6
Schnitt B-B gemäß der Figur 5,
Fig. 7
schematisch dargestellt einen Abhitzedampferzeuger in Form eines Wasser-rohrkessels im Längsschnitt.
It shows:
Fig. 1
schematically shown a heat recovery steam generator in the form of a smoke tube boiler in side view and partially in longitudinal section,
Fig. 2
2 a branch on the downpipe of the steam generator according to detail A in FIG. 1 with two branch lines,
Fig. 3
as in FIG. 2, but with an alternative design,
Fig. 4
as in FIG. 2, but with an alternative design with more than two strand or circuit lines,
Fig. 5
like FIG. 4, but with an alternative design,
Fig. 6
Section BB according to FIG. 5,
Fig. 7
schematically shown a heat recovery steam generator in the form of a water tube boiler in longitudinal section.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Dampferzeuger 1, der als Rauchrohrkessel ausgebildet ist und einen Abhitzedampferzeuger darstellt. Der Dampferzeuger 1 umfasst im wesentlichen einen vertikal angeordneten Wasserraum 29, der seitlich durch einen Mantel 27 und oben und unten durch End- bzw. Rohrplatten 23, 24 begrenzt wird. Der Wasserraum 29 ist von mindestens einem Bündel Rauchrohre 30 durchsetzt, die zwischen den Endplatten 23 und 24 gasdicht angeordnet sind und im wesentlichen vertikal verlaufen. Das zur Erwärmung des im Wasserraum 29 befindlichen Wassers erforderliche Heizmedium bzw. heiße Abgas wird über einen Eintritt 21 und der Gaseintrittskammer 22 dem Dampferzeuger 1 zugeführt. Von der Eintrittskammer 22 gelangt das Heizgas in die durch den Wasserraum 29 führenden Rauchrohre 30 und gibt dabei Wärme an das im Wasserraum 29 befindliche Wasser ab. Anschließend gelangt das abgekühlte Heizmedium über die Gasaustrittskammer 25 zum Austritt 26, von wo aus es über nicht dargestellte Leitungen weiteren Verfahrensschritten zugeführt werden kann. Gemäß Figur 1 wird das heiße Abgas von oben nach unten durch den Dampferzeuger 1 geleitet. Dies kann je nach Erfordernissen auch von unten nach oben erfolgen. Der Wasserraum 29 zusammen mit dem Rauchrohrbündel 30 und den beiden Rohrplatten 23, 24 bilden die Verdampfer-Einrichtung 4 des ersten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 2.Figure 1 shows a steam generator 1, which is designed as a smoke tube boiler and one Heat recovery steam generator represents. The steam generator 1 essentially comprises one vertically arranged water space 29, the side through a jacket 27 and above and is limited below by end or tube plates 23, 24. The water space 29 is from penetrates at least one bundle of smoke pipes 30, which between the end plates 23 and 24 are arranged gas-tight and are essentially vertical. That for warming of the heating medium or hot exhaust gas required in the water chamber 29 is supplied to the steam generator 1 via an inlet 21 and the gas inlet chamber 22. The heating gas passes from the inlet chamber 22 into through the water chamber 29 leading smoke pipes 30 and gives heat to that located in the water chamber 29 Water. The cooled heating medium then passes through the Gas outlet chamber 25 to the outlet 26, from where it is via lines, not shown further process steps can be supplied. According to Figure 1, the hot exhaust gas passed from top to bottom through the steam generator 1. This can vary depending Requirements also take place from bottom to top. The water space 29 together with the smoke tube bundle 30 and the two tube plates 23, 24 form the evaporator device 4 of the first water / steam cycle 2.

Der Dampferzeuger 1 gemäß Figur 1 weist zwei Wasser-/Dampf-Kreisläufe bzw. -Stränge 2, 3 auf. Von der Wasser/Dampf-Trommel 6, die über eine nicht dargestellte Leitung mit Speisewasser versorgt wird, gelangt das Wasser über eine gemeinsame Fallleitung 7, die von der Trommel 6 wegführt und im wesentlichen vertikal ausgebildet ist, und über die Abzweigung 8 in die zwei Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufe 2, 3. Die von der Abzweigung 8 wegführende Strangleitung 9 des ersten Kreislaufes 2 führt das Wasser durch den in unmittelbarer Nähe der unteren Endplatte 24 gelegenen Eintritt 15 in den Wasserraum 29 ein. Das infolge der Erwärmung und des dadurch entstehenden Auftriebes nach oben strömende Wasser bzw. Dampf wird im Bereich der oberen Endplatte 23 durch den Austritt 16 aus dem Wasserraum 29 ausgeleitet und über die Strangleitung 9 und Steigleitung 19 der Trommel 6 zugeführt. Bereits erzeugter Dampf kann aus der Trommel 6 über eine Leitung 28 einem Überhitzer (nicht dargestellt) im Dampferzeuger 1 oder einem anderen Zweck zugeführt werden. Das nicht verdampfte Wasser wird aus der Trommel 6 wieder den Kreisläufen 2, 3 über die Fallleitung 7 zugeführt.The steam generator 1 according to FIG. 1 has two water / steam circuits or strands 2, 3 on. From the water / steam drum 6 with a line, not shown Feed water is supplied, the water passes through a common downpipe 7 leads away from the drum 6 and is substantially vertical, and over the Branch 8 into the two water / steam circuits 2, 3. The branch 8 leading line 9 of the first circuit 2 leads the water through the in In the immediate vicinity of the lower end plate 24, the inlet 15 into the water space 29 on. The result of the warming and the resulting upward lift flowing water or steam is in the area of the upper end plate 23 through the outlet 16 are discharged from the water space 29 and via the branch line 9 and riser line 19 the drum 6 fed. Already generated steam can be removed from the drum 6 via a Line 28 a superheater (not shown) in the steam generator 1 or another Purpose to be fed. The non-evaporated water is from the drum 6 again Circulations 2, 3 supplied via the downpipe 7.

Die von der Abzweigung 8 wegführende Strangleitung 10 des zweiten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 3 gemäß der Figuren 1 bis 3 ist erfindungsgemäß derart ausgebildet, daß die Eintrittsöffnung 14 der Strangleitung 10 kurz hinter dem engsten Querschnitt der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12, d.h. im Bereich des diffusorförmigen Austrittes 39, und in der Mitte der Fallleitung 7 angeordnet und die Strangleitung 10 als Staurohr ausgebildet ist. Bei axialer Weiterführung der Strangleitung 9 gemäß der Figur 2 wird die Strangleitung 10 zweckmäßigerweise im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Leitung 9 weggeführt. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung bewirkt durch den von der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 aufgebauten Staudruck der strömenden Flüssigkeit eine Druckerhöhung am Eintritt 14 des zweiten Kreislaufes 3 bzw. der Strangleitung 10, in dem der Wasserdurchsatz gezielt auf ein höheres Niveau eingestellt werden soll. Die Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 besteht entweder aus einer strömungsgünstig geformten Normventuridüse 11, beispielsweise aus DIN EN ISO 5167-1 mit einem vorgegebenem Durchmesser (Figur 2) oder einer als Venturirohr 12 geformten Fallleitung 7 (Figur 3), in dem bei der Querschnittserweiterung der statische Druck des Fluides zurückgewonnen wird. Mit Hilfe der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 wird die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und somit der Staudruck vor der als Staurohr ausgebildeten Strangleitung 10 erhöht. In dem Diffusor 39 der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 wird die hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit wieder reduziert, wobei der statische Druck ansteigt. Der erhöhte Staudruck am Eintritt 14 in den zweiten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 3 wird somit nur durch Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie des strömenden Mediums in der Fallleitung 7 erzeugt, ohne einen zusätzlichen Reibungsdruckverlust durch Drosselung im ersten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2 bzw. im Eintritt 13 zur Strangleitung 9 zu verursachen.The branch line 10 of the second water / steam circuit leading away from the branch 8 3 according to Figures 1 to 3 is designed such that the Inlet opening 14 of the strand line 10 just behind the narrowest cross section of the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12, i.e. in the area of the diffuser-shaped outlet 39, and in arranged in the middle of the downpipe 7 and the branch line 10 is designed as a pitot tube. In the axial continuation of the strand line 9 according to FIG. 2, the strand line 10 expediently guided away substantially perpendicular to line 9. The The arrangement according to the invention is effected by the venturi device 11, 12 built-up dynamic pressure of the flowing liquid a pressure increase at the inlet 14 of the second circuit 3 or the branch line 10, in which the water throughput is targeted at a higher level should be set. The Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 is made either from a streamlined shaped Venturi nozzle 11, for example DIN EN ISO 5167-1 with a given diameter (Figure 2) or as Venturi tube 12 shaped downpipe 7 (Figure 3), in the case of cross-sectional expansion the static pressure of the fluid is recovered. With the help of the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 is the flow rate and thus the dynamic pressure before the as a pitot tube trained line 10 increased. In the diffuser 39 of the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12, the high flow rate is reduced again, the static pressure increases. The increased dynamic pressure at the inlet 14 into the second water / steam circuit 3 is thus only by converting the kinetic energy of the flowing medium in the Downpipe 7 generated without an additional loss of friction pressure by throttling in to cause the first water / steam circuit 2 or in the inlet 13 to the branch line 9.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung findet somit im zweiten Kreislauf 3 eine Druckerhöhung statt, ohne eine zusätzliche Pumpe einzusetzen. Im vorliegenden Beispiel wird der Auftrieb des natürlichen Umlaufsystems somit auf optimale Weise für die Einstellung der gewünschten Wasserverteilung innerhalb der Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufe 2, 3 des Dampferzeugers 1 ausgenutzt. Die im zweiten Kreislauf 3 nunmehr erhöhte Wassermenge wird durch die Strangleitung 10 derart in den Wasserraum 29 des Dampferzeugers 1 eingebracht, daß die Leitung 10 mittig in Bezug auf die Rohrplatte 23 und in unmittelbarer Nähe unterhalb der Rohrplatte 23 mündet und das Wasser zwangsläufig von unten gegen die vom in die Eintrittskammer 22 eintretenden Heizmedium besonders stark erhitzte Rohrplatte 23 geleitet wird. Durch diese Maßnahme kann die als thermisch gefährdete Rohrplatte 23 sicher gekühlt werden und die Dampfproduktion im Dampferzeuger 1 ohne Ausfälle bzw. häufigere Wartungsintervalle aufrecht erhalten werden.The arrangement according to the invention thus takes place in the second circuit 3 Pressure increase instead of using an additional pump. In the present example the buoyancy of the natural circulatory system is thus optimal for the Setting the desired water distribution within the water / steam cycles 2, 3 of the steam generator 1 is used. The now increased in the second circuit 3 Amount of water is through the line 10 in the water space 29 of the Steam generator 1 introduced that the line 10 is centered with respect to the tube plate 23rd and opens in the immediate vicinity below the tube plate 23 and the water inevitably from below against the heating medium entering the inlet chamber 22 particularly heated tube plate 23 is passed. Through this measure, the as thermally endangered tube plate 23 can be safely cooled and the steam production in Steam generator 1 maintained without failures or more frequent maintenance intervals become.

Nach Austritt des Wassers aus der Strangleitung 10 des zweiten Kreislaufes 3 in den Wasserraum 29 durch den Wasserkammereintritt 17 und ggf. teilweiser Verdampfung fließt das Wasser/Dampfgemisch zusammen mit dem Wasser/Dampfgemisch des ersten Kreislaufes 2 durch den Wasserkammeraustritt 16, 18 über die Strangleitung 9 und Steigleitung 19 in die Trommel 6. Die Verdampfereinrichtung 5 des zweiten Kreislaufes 3 umfasst im wesentlichen den Wasserraum 29 und die obere Rohrplatte 23.After the water has left the line 10 of the second circuit 3 in the Water chamber 29 flows through the water chamber inlet 17 and, if necessary, partial evaporation the water / steam mixture together with the water / steam mixture of the first Circuit 2 through the water chamber outlet 16, 18 via the strand line 9 and Riser pipe 19 into the drum 6. The evaporator device 5 of the second circuit 3 essentially comprises the water space 29 and the upper tube plate 23.

Die Strangleitung 10 des zweiten Kreislaufes 3 kann jedoch auch gemäß der Figur 3, d.h. in axialer Richtung der Fallleitung 7 von der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 weggeführt werden. In diesem Fall wird die Strangleitung 9 des ersten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 2 in der Regel senkrecht zu der Fallleitung 7 weggeführt.However, the branch line 10 of the second circuit 3 can also be operated according to FIG. in axial direction of the down pipe 7 from the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 away become. In this case, the strand line 9 of the first water / steam circuit 2 in usually led away perpendicular to the downpipe 7.

Bei dem Dampferzeuger gem. Figur 1 werden somit die zwei Kreisläufe 2, 3 im Wasserraum 29 zusammengeführt und mittels eines gemeinsamen Austrittes 16, 18 einer gemeinsamen Austrittsleitung 9/10, 19/20 der Trommel 6 zugeführt. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, bei Nichtzusammenführung der beiden Kreisläufe 2, 3 (d. h. die Kreisläufe 2, 3 haben jeweils getrennte Verdampfereinrichtungen 4, 5) die jeweiligen Kreisläufe über getrennte Austritte 16, 18 sowie Strangleitungen und Steigleitungen 9, 19 bzw. 10, 20 der Trommel 6 zuzuführen.At the steam generator acc. Figure 1 are the two circuits 2, 3 in Water space 29 merged and by means of a common outlet 16, 18 common outlet line 9/10, 19/20 supplied to the drum 6. However, it is also possible if the two circuits 2, 3 (i.e. circuits 2, 3 each have separate evaporator devices 4, 5) over the respective circuits separate outlets 16, 18 and strand lines and risers 9, 19 and 10, 20 of the Feed drum 6.

Bei mehr als zwei Kreisläufen innerhalb eines Dampferzeugers 1 können gemäß Figur 4 zwei oder auch mehrere Abzweigungen 8, die jeweils in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander in der Fallleitung 7 angeordnet und mit je einer Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 ausgebildet sind, in der Fallleitung 7 angeordnet werden. Figur 4 weist neben der zwei Kreisläufe 2, 3 einen dritten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 31 auf, der ebenso wie der zweite Kreislauf 3 eine erhöhte Wasserumlaufmenge erfährt. Das Arbeitsmedium tritt durch die Eintrittsöffnung 37 im Bereich des Diffusors 39 an der zweiten Abzweigung 8 in die dritte Strangleitung 32 ein und wird einer dritten Verdampfereinrichtung 33 zugeführt, um anschließend über die Strangleitung 32 wieder der Trommel 6 zugeführt zu werden.With more than two circuits within a steam generator 1, according to FIG two or more branches 8, each one behind the other in the direction of flow arranged in the downpipe 7 and each formed with a Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 are arranged in the downpipe 7. In addition to the two circuits 2, 3, FIG a third water / steam circuit 31 which, like the second circuit 3, has a experiences increased water circulation. The working medium passes through the inlet opening 37 into the third branch line 32 in the region of the diffuser 39 at the second branch 8 and is fed to a third evaporator device 33, in order to subsequently pass through the String line 32 to be fed back to the drum 6.

Ferner ist es möglich, gemäß der Figur 5 anstelle einer Strangleitung im Bereich der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 mehrere Strangleitungen 10, 32, 35 für mehrere Kreisläufe 3, 31, 34 anzuordnen. Hierdurch wird in den Kreisläufen 3, 31, 34 die Wasserumlaufmenge erhöht. Dabei sind die Eintrittsöffnungen 14, 37, 38 der Strangleitungen 10, 32, 35 ebenfalls im Bereich des Diffusors 39 der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 angeordnet derart, daß die drei Eintrittsöffnungen 14, 37, 38 gemeinsam in der Mitte der Fallleitung liegen um eine gleichmäßige Mengenverteilung auf die einzelnen Stränge 10, 32, 35 zu erzielen. Die Strangleitungen 10, 32, 35 führen jeweils im wesentlichen senkrecht von der Fallleitung 7 weg.Furthermore, it is possible, according to FIG. 5, instead of a strand line in the area of Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 several strand lines 10, 32, 35 for several circuits 3, 31, 34 to be arranged. As a result, in the circuits 3, 31, 34 Water circulation increased. The inlet openings 14, 37, 38 are the String lines 10, 32, 35 also in the area of the diffuser 39 Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 arranged such that the three inlet openings 14, 37, 38 together in the middle of the downpipe lie around an even quantity distribution to achieve the individual strands 10, 32, 35. The string lines 10, 32, 35 lead in each case essentially perpendicularly away from the downpipe 7.

Figur 7 zeigt eine weitere Variante eines erfindungsgemäßen Dampferzeugers 1. Bei dem Dampferzeuger gem. Fig. 7 handelt es sich ebenfalls um einen Abhitzedampferzeuger, jedoch nicht um einen Rauchrohrkessel, sondern um einen Wasserrohrkessel. Der Dampferzeuger 1 weist einen im wesentlichen senkrechten Gaszug 40 auf, der im wesentlichen aus wassergekühlten Rohrwänden gebildet wird und die Verdampfereinrichtung 4 des ersten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 2 von zwei vorhandenen Kreisläufen bildet. Dabei wird das Arbeitsmedium Wasser aus der Trommel 6 über die Fallleitung 7 und durch die Eintrittsöffnung 13 der Strangleitung 9 der Verdampfereinrichtung 4 zugeführt, hier zum Teil verdampft und im Anschluß daran über die Strangleitung 9 wieder der Trommel 6 zugeführt.FIG. 7 shows a further variant of a steam generator 1 according to the invention Steam generator acc. 7 is also a heat recovery steam generator, however, not a smoke tube boiler, but a water tube boiler. The Steam generator 1 has a substantially vertical throttle cable 40, which in the is essentially formed from water-cooled pipe walls and the Evaporator device 4 of the first water / steam circuit 2 of two available Forms circuits. The working medium is water from the drum 6 on the Down pipe 7 and through the inlet opening 13 of the branch line 9 Evaporator device 4 supplied, partially evaporated here and then over the strand line 9 is fed back to the drum 6.

Das Arbeitsmedium des zweiten Kreislaufes 3 wird an der Abzweigung 8 durch die Eintrittsöffnung 14 der Strangleitung 10 und anschließend der Verdampfereinrichtung 5, die als Berührungsheizflächen ausgebildet und im Gaszug 40 angeordnet sind, zugeführt. Nach teilweiser Verdampfung des Wassers gelangt das Arbeitsmedium über die Strangleitung 10 zurück in die Trommel 6. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Wasserumlauf im zweiten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 3 durch die Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 an der Abzweigung 8 der Fallleitung 7 erhöht. Das Heizmedium bzw. heiße Abgas gelangt über den Eintritt 21 unten in den Gaszug 40 des Dampferzeugers 1 und durchströmt den Gaszug 40 von unten nach oben, bevor es am Austritt 26 weiteren Verfahrensschritten zugeführt wird. Beim Durchströmen des Gaszuges gibt das Heizmedium dabei Wärme an die Rohrwände und die Berührungsheizflächen, d.h. an die Verdampfereinrichtungen 4 und 5 ab.The working medium of the second circuit 3 is at the junction 8 through the Inlet opening 14 of the branch line 10 and then the evaporator device 5 are designed as contact heating surfaces and are arranged in the gas flue 40. After partial evaporation of the water, the working medium passes through the String line 10 back into the drum 6. According to the invention, the water circulation in the second water / steam circuit 3 through the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 on the Branch 8 of the downpipe 7 increased. The heating medium or hot exhaust gas passes through the inlet 21 below in the gas duct 40 of the steam generator 1 and flows through the gas duct 40 from the bottom up, before it is fed 26 further process steps at the outlet becomes. When flowing through the gas flue, the heating medium gives heat to the Pipe walls and the contact heating surfaces, i.e. to the evaporator devices 4 and 5 from.

Wird die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bei einem Dampferzeuger 1 mit Zwangumlauf eingesetzt (nicht dargestellt), dann ist die Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 zweckmäßigerweise stromabwärts der Umlaufpumpe angeordnet, die in der Fallleitung 7 angeordnet ist. Die Fallleitung 7 ist beim Zwangumlauf genaugenommen stromaufwärts der Umlaufpumpe eine Saugleitung und stromabwärts eine Druckleitung ebenso wie die Steigleitung 19, 20. Durch die Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 wird beim Zwangumlauf wie beim Naturumlauf die Wasserumlaufmenge des zweiten Kreislaufes 3 erhöht.If the device according to the invention in a steam generator 1 with forced circulation inserted (not shown), then the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12th expediently arranged downstream of the circulation pump, which in the downpipe 7 is arranged. The downpipe 7 is strictly upstream of the forced circulation Circulation pump a suction line and downstream a pressure line just like that Riser pipe 19, 20. Through the Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 is like in the forced circulation the amount of water circulating in the second circuit 3 increases during natural circulation.

Als Venturidüseneinrichtungen 11, 12 können, wie oben bereits angeführt, Venturidüsen 11 oder klassische Venturirohre 12, wie sie beispielsweise bei der Durchflußmessung von Fluiden mit Drosselgeräten gemäß der DIN EN ISO 5167-1 zum Einsatz kommen, verwendet werden. Die Venturidüseneinrichtungen 11, 12 weisen in Durchströmungsrichtung des Fluides bzw. des Arbeitsmediums Wasser gesehen einen Einlaufkonus, einen zylindrischen Halsteil mit Innendurchmesser d (engster Querschnitt), und einen Diffusor 39 auf, wobei anstelle des Einlaufkonusses auch eine Einlaufrundung gemäß der Venturidüse nach DIN EN ISO 5167-1 möglich ist und der den engsten Querschnitt bildende Halsteil ggf. nicht zylindrisch ausgebildet ist. Die Öffnungen für die Durchflußmessung im Halsteil können zwangsläufig entfallen. Es kann jedoch auch jede andere, von dieser Norm abweichende, einen verengenden Teil und einen Diffusorteil aufweisende Venturidüseneinrichtung zum Einsatz kommen. Zur Sicherstellung der erhöhten Wasserumlaufmenge in den Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufen 2, 3, 31, 34, in denen eine erhöhte Umlaufmenge gewünscht wird, kann das Verhältnis des Innendurchmessers d der Venturidüseneinrichtung 11, 12 an deren engstem Querschnitt zu dem Innendurchmesser D der Fallleitung 7 zwischen 1,0 und 0,01 betragen. As already mentioned above, Venturi nozzles 11 can be used as Venturi nozzle devices 11, 12 or classic Venturi tubes 12, such as those used in the flow measurement of Fluids with throttling devices according to DIN EN ISO 5167-1 are used, be used. The Venturi nozzle devices 11, 12 point in Flow direction of the fluid or the working medium water seen one Inlet cone, a cylindrical neck part with inner diameter d (narrowest cross section), and a diffuser 39, with an inlet curve instead of the inlet cone according to the Venturi nozzle according to DIN EN ISO 5167-1 is possible and the narrowest Cross-sectional neck portion may not be cylindrical. The openings for the Flow measurement in the neck part can inevitably be omitted. However, anyone can other, deviating from this norm, a narrowing part and a diffuser part Venturi nozzle device are used. To ensure the elevated Amount of water circulating in the water / steam circuits 2, 3, 31, 34, in which an increased Circulation quantity is desired, the ratio of the inner diameter d Venturi nozzle device 11, 12 at its narrowest cross section to the inner diameter D the downpipe 7 be between 1.0 and 0.01.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1
Dampferzeuger
2
Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 1
3
Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 2
4
Verdampfer-Einrichtung, Kreislauf 1
5
Verdampfer-Einrichtung, Kreislauf 2
6
Wasser/Dampf-Trommel
7
Fallleitung
8
Abzweigung
9
Strangleitung Kreislauf 1
10
Strangleitung Kreislauf 2
11
Venturidüse
12
Venturirohr
13
Eintrittsöffnung der Strangleitung 1
14
Eintrittsöffnung der Strangleitung 2
15
Wasserkammer-Eintritt Kreislauf 1
16
Wasserkammer-Austritt Kreislauf 1
17
Wasserkammer-Eintritt Kreislauf 2
18
Wasserkammer-Austritt Kreislauf 2
19
Steigleitung Kreislauf 1
20
Steigleitung Kreislauf 2
21
Eintritt heißes Abgas bzw. Rauchgas
22
Gaseintrittskammer
23
Wasserkammer - End- bzw. Rohrplatte, Gaseintritt
24
Wasserkammer - End- bzw. Rohrplatte, Gasaustritt
25
Gasaustrittskammer
26
Austritt kaltes Abgas bzw. Rauchgas
27
Mantel
28
Leitung zwischen Trommel und Ãœberhitzer
29
Wasserraum
30
Rauchrohrbündel
31
Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 3
32
Strangleitung Kreislauf 3
33
Verdampfer-Einrichtung, Kreislauf 3
34
Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 4
35
Strangleitung Kreislauf 4
36
Verdampfer-Einrichtung, Kreislauf 4
37
Eintrittsöffnung der Strangleitung 3
38
Eintrittsöffnung der Strangleitung 4
39
Diffusorförmiger Austritt aus der Venturidüseneinrichtung
40
Gaszug
41
1
steam generator
2
Water / steam cycle 1
3
Water / steam cycle 2
4
Evaporator device, circuit 1
5
Evaporator device, circuit 2
6
Water / steam drum
7
penstock
8th
diversion
9
String line circuit 1
10
String line circuit 2
11
venturi
12
venturi
13
Inlet opening of the branch line 1
14
Inlet opening of the string line 2
15
Water chamber entry circuit 1
16
Water chamber outlet circuit 1
17
Water chamber entry circuit 2
18
Water chamber outlet circuit 2
19
Riser circuit 1
20
Riser circuit 2
21
Hot exhaust gas or flue gas enters
22
Gas inlet chamber
23
Water chamber - end or tube plate, gas inlet
24
Water chamber - end or tube plate, gas outlet
25
Gas outlet chamber
26
Cold exhaust gas or flue gas escapes
27
coat
28
Line between drum and superheater
29
water space
30
Smoke tube bundles
31
Water / steam cycle 3
32
String line circuit 3
33
Evaporator device, circuit 3
34
Water / steam cycle 4
35
String line circuit 4
36
Evaporator device, circuit 4
37
Inlet opening of the string line 3
38
Inlet opening of the branch line 4
39
Diffuser-shaped outlet from the Venturi nozzle device
40
throttle cable
41

Claims (6)

Dampferzeuger (1), insbesondere für die Beheizung mittels heißer Abgase, mit zwei oder mehreren Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufen ( 2, 3, 31, 34 ), wobei jeder Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf ( 2, 3, 31, 34 ) mindestens eine Verdampfer-Einrichtung ( 4, 5, 33, 36 ) zur Aufnahme der Wärme aus dem Heizmedium aufweist und die Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufe ( 2, 3, 31, 34 ) wenigstens eine Wasser/Dampf-Trommel ( 6 ) und eine Fallleitung ( 7 ) gemeinsam haben, mit mindestens einer Abzweigung ( 8 ) in der Fallleitung ( 7 ), von der die Strangleitungen ( 9, 10, 32, 35 ) der jeweiligen Wasser/Dampf-Kreisläufe ( 2, 3, 31, 34 ) abgehen, wobei die Fallleitung ( 7 ) im Bereich der Abzweigung ( 8 ) mit einer Venturidüseneinrichtung (11, 12) ausgebildet ist, und wobei die Eintrittsöffnung (14, 37, 38 ) der Strangleitung ( 10, 32, 35 ) mindestens eines Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes ( 3, 31, 34 ) im Bereich des diffusorförmigen Austrittes ( 39 ) der Venturidüseneinrichtung (11, 12) angeordnet und die Strangleitung (10, 32, 35 ) als Staurohr ausgebildet ist, um den Druck des Arbeitsmediums in diesem Kreislauf ( 3, 31, 34) zu erhöhen. Steam generator (1), in particular for heating by means of hot exhaust gases, with two or more water / steam circuits (2, 3, 31, 34), each water / steam circuit (2, 3, 31, 34) having at least one evaporator device (4, 5, 33, 36) Has absorption of the heat from the heating medium and the water / steam circuits (2, 3, 31, 34) have at least one water / steam drum (6) and a down pipe (7) in common, with at least one branch (8) in the down pipe (7) from which the branch pipes (9, 10, 32, 35) of the respective water / steam circuits (2, 3, 31, 34) originate, the downpipe (7) being formed in the region of the branch (8) with a Venturi nozzle device (11, 12), and wherein the inlet opening (14, 37, 38) of the strand line (10, 32, 35) of at least one water / steam circuit (3, 31, 34) is arranged in the region of the diffuser-shaped outlet (39) of the venturi device (11, 12) and the strand line (10, 32, 35) is designed as a pitot tube in order to increase the pressure of the working medium in this circuit (3, 31, 34). Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Venturidüseneinrichtung durch eine in die Fallleitung ( 7 ) eingesetzte Venturidüse (11) gebildet wird.Steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the Venturi nozzle device is formed by a Venturi nozzle (11) inserted into the downpipe (7). Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Venturidüseneinrichtung durch eine als Venturirohr ( 12 ) geformte Fallleitung ( 7 ) gebildet wird.Steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the venturi nozzle device is formed by a down pipe (7) shaped as a venturi tube (12). Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Dampferzeuger (1) im Naturumlaufbetrieb betreibbar ist.Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the steam generator (1) can be operated in natural circulation mode. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Dampferzeuger (1) im Zwangumlaufbetrieb betreibbar ist. Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the steam generator (1) can be operated in forced circulation mode. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis des Innendurchmessers d der Venturidüseneinrichtung ( 11, 12 ) an deren engstem Querschnitt zu dem Innendurchmesser D der Fallleitung ( 7 ) zwischen 1,0 und 0,01 beträgt.Steam generator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ratio of the inside diameter d of the Venturi nozzle device (11, 12) at its narrowest cross section to the inside diameter D of the down pipe (7) is between 1.0 and 0.01.
EP02007233A 2001-04-10 2002-03-28 Steam generator Expired - Lifetime EP1249662B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10117989 2001-04-10
DE10117989A DE10117989C1 (en) 2001-04-10 2001-04-10 Steam creating system, for heating by exhaust gas, has two or more water/steam circuits, each with at least one evaporator device

Publications (2)

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EP1249662A1 true EP1249662A1 (en) 2002-10-16
EP1249662B1 EP1249662B1 (en) 2005-01-05

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EP02007233A Expired - Lifetime EP1249662B1 (en) 2001-04-10 2002-03-28 Steam generator

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US (1) US6526922B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1249662B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3736630B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100589086B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE286581T1 (en)
AU (1) AU783495B2 (en)
DE (2) DE10117989C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2234943T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105953198A (en) * 2016-06-05 2016-09-21 侴乔力 Siphon-circulation exhaust heat steam boiler
CN106224922A (en) * 2016-08-21 2016-12-14 侴乔力 Siphon circulation adverse current heating waste heat steam boiler in pipe
CN106642043A (en) * 2016-12-18 2017-05-10 侴乔力 Heat regenerative type afterheat steam boiler

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US3338218A (en) * 1965-10-22 1967-08-29 Foster Wheeler Corp Once-through boiler downcomer flow distribution system
EP0051078A1 (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-12 Paul Lindenau GmbH & Co. KG Schiffswerft und Maschinenfabrik Steam boiler for using exhaust-gas heat
DE19638851C1 (en) * 1996-09-21 1998-02-26 Oschatz Gmbh Steam generator

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US4151813A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-05-01 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Jet pump in natural circulation fossil fuel fired steam generator
GB2099558A (en) * 1981-05-26 1982-12-08 Gen Electric Heat recovery steam generator
BE1005793A3 (en) * 1992-05-08 1994-02-01 Cockerill Mech Ind Sa INDUCED CIRCULATION HEAT RECOVERY BOILER.
DE4303613C2 (en) * 1993-02-09 1998-12-17 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Process for generating steam in a once-through steam generator
FI101736B1 (en) * 1996-10-24 1998-08-14 Pipemasters Oy Ltd Exhaust gas boiler
US6013939A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-01-11 National Scientific Corp. Monolithic inductor with magnetic flux lines guided away from substrate
DE59810334D1 (en) * 1998-01-21 2004-01-15 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Process for avoiding the formation of steam in a forced circulation steam generator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3338218A (en) * 1965-10-22 1967-08-29 Foster Wheeler Corp Once-through boiler downcomer flow distribution system
EP0051078A1 (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-12 Paul Lindenau GmbH & Co. KG Schiffswerft und Maschinenfabrik Steam boiler for using exhaust-gas heat
DE19638851C1 (en) * 1996-09-21 1998-02-26 Oschatz Gmbh Steam generator

Also Published As

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EP1249662B1 (en) 2005-01-05
JP2002333102A (en) 2002-11-22
DE50201936D1 (en) 2005-02-10
AU3299102A (en) 2003-10-16
AU783495B2 (en) 2005-11-03
US20020144663A1 (en) 2002-10-10
DE10117989C1 (en) 2002-05-23
KR100589086B1 (en) 2006-06-12
JP3736630B2 (en) 2006-01-18
US6526922B2 (en) 2003-03-04
ATE286581T1 (en) 2005-01-15
KR20020080258A (en) 2002-10-23
ES2234943T3 (en) 2005-07-01

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