EP1241733B1 - Antenne PIFA avec fentes - Google Patents

Antenne PIFA avec fentes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1241733B1
EP1241733B1 EP02290493A EP02290493A EP1241733B1 EP 1241733 B1 EP1241733 B1 EP 1241733B1 EP 02290493 A EP02290493 A EP 02290493A EP 02290493 A EP02290493 A EP 02290493A EP 1241733 B1 EP1241733 B1 EP 1241733B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slots
antenna
patch
antenna according
edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02290493A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1241733A1 (fr
Inventor
Marc Edimo
Charles Ngounou Kouam
Christophe Grangeat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1241733A1 publication Critical patent/EP1241733A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to antennas made according to the technique of pellets.
  • Such an antenna is typically used in a spectral domain including radio frequencies and microwave frequencies and more particularly in the GSM, DCS, PCS and UMTS bands.
  • antennas have a resonance frequency band. In transmission, when the antennas are excited in this frequency band by a power line, they maintain stationary electromagnetic waves. These standing waves are then coupled to electromagnetic waves radiated in space. In reception, the waves take the same forms but make the path in the opposite direction.
  • Various antennas of this type are known in the state of the art.
  • microstrips on a plane as an antenna for transmitting signals.
  • Conductive pads are disposed on the upper face of a dielectric substrate and a conductive layer is placed on the underside of the substrate. This conductive layer then serves as a ground plane.
  • the substrate typically has a rectangular planar shape and constant thickness.
  • a multi-band antenna is also described in the document FR-A-2,772,518 .
  • This antenna comprises a flat patch disposed on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate.
  • a ground layer is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • This antenna is of the quarter-wave type because a short-circuit conductor disposed on a wafer of the dielectric substrate connects the wafer to the ground layer.
  • This antenna has connection conductors for transmitting signals between the antenna and a signal processing device.
  • This antenna has three pellets placed on the upper surface of a substrate Styrofoam (trademark).
  • a ground layer is placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • a first pad for the low band is joined to a second pad for the high band.
  • These two pellets thus form a first bi-bonde element having a zigzag shape and comprising a feed.
  • This dual band element has a short circuit in the form of a junction with the ground layer.
  • a third pellet is positioned next to the second pellet to obtain a double resonance in the high bung, with an enlarged bandwidth.
  • the third pellet has a short circuit in the form of a junction with the ground.
  • the document US-A-4,766,440 describes an antenna having two half-wave resonances.
  • This antenna comprises a rectangular pellet, in which the resonance paths are established respectively in the width and the length of the pellet.
  • a U-shaped slit is formed in the pellet and does not reach the edges of this pellet.
  • the chip is connected to a coupling device provided with impedance transformation means. This impedance transformation makes it possible to adapt the coupling device to the different resonance frequencies used.
  • the document US-A-4 771291 describes an antenna having a pellet. This pellet has punctual short-circuits and straight slots formed in the pellet and not reaching the edges of this pellet.
  • Requirement WO 0036700 A discloses an antenna having a conductive patch with two sinuous slots, a ground, a supply link, a short circuit link connecting the patch to ground.
  • Double Bond Cavity-Bocked Quarter-wave patch antenna describes an antenna with quarter-wave resonances.
  • a first resonance is defined by the dimensions and characteristics of the pellet and the substrate.
  • a second resonance is obtained by using an adaptation system.
  • antennas have disadvantages. They require, on the one hand, large flat tablets that are incompatible with the small dimensions of the housings of mobile communication devices. In addition, these antennas require the mounting of capacitive loads to expand the bandwidth which increases the cost and complexity of the antenna. In addition, these antennas have a reduced plug width, especially in the frequency bung dedicated to UMTS.
  • These antennas are more expensive and have a low transmission or reception efficiency. These antennas also do not allow to easily adjust the resonant frequencies and the bung widths of these frequencies.
  • the invention thus relates to an antenna comprising a conductive pad having two sinuous slots, a ground, a short-circuit connection, connecting the pellet to the ground, a supply link connected to the pellet, the antenna having a diagram of radiation comprising a primary resonance band including frequencies between 1950 MHz and 2100 MHz and a width greater than 20%, the radiation pattern having a secondary resonance band including frequencies between 890 MHz and 950 MHz and a width greater than 10%, the chip containing a polygonal shape, the slots opening on the same edge of the chip, characterized in that the short-circuit connection is connected to the chip by the edge on which the slots open or by an adjacent edge.
  • the supply link is connected to the pellet by the edge on which the slots open or by an adjacent edge.
  • the supply and the short-circuit connection are arranged on either side of at least one of the slots.
  • a slot has a contour of length different from the length of the contour of the other slot.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna in which the difference in length between the contour of the slots is between 5 and 30%.
  • the mass is a conductive surface parallel to the surface of the pellet.
  • the distance between the slots is between 5 and 15mm.
  • the pellet is formed of a metal sheet.
  • the slots have substantially the same shape and the same orientation.
  • the slots have substantially the same shape and an opposite orientation.
  • the invention also relates to a radio communication apparatus comprising an antenna according to the invention.
  • the invention provides an antenna in which there are two sinuous slots coupled on a conductive pad.
  • the antenna has a radiation pattern with a resonance band of width greater than 20%. This resonance band typically covers several bungs of transmission frequencies, for example DCS, PCS and UMTS.
  • the following antenna will be described in its transmitter operation, in which it transforms an electric current into an electromagnetic field. It will be clear to one skilled in the art that the operation of the receiver antenna is similar, an electromagnetic field being transformed into electric current by the antenna.
  • the cut-off frequencies at -6 dB are determined on the measurement curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna.
  • the resonance frequency range is determined by subtracting the cutoff frequency lower than the upper cutoff frequency.
  • the center frequency of the resonance band is then determined. This frequency is the median frequency between the cutoff frequencies.
  • the percent width of the resonance frequency band is the ratio of the resonant frequency range to the center frequency of the band, multiplied by 100.
  • the figure 1 presents a perspective view of an antenna according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna 1 has a conductive pad 2, in which a first slot 3 and a second slot 4 are made.
  • the conductive pad has a supply connection 5 and a short-circuit connection 6 connected to a ground 7.
  • a substrate 8 is interposed between the pad and the ground 7.
  • the supply link 5 is connected to a generating device and signal processing 9, which sends a signal in the form of electric current.
  • the pellet has a polygonal shape.
  • the tablet shown has a rectangular shape, but the invention is of course not limited to this type of shape.
  • the antenna of this embodiment has a resonance frequency band which will be called secondary thereafter. It also has a resonance frequency band that will be called primary and will be detailed later in the description.
  • the secondary resonance band is obtained by coupling the slots 3 and 4.
  • the slots 3 and 4 open on the same edge 25 of the pellet. As represented in figure 2 , the slots delimit a median portion 10, a first end or shank 11 and a second end or shank 12 in the pellet. These three parts are connected by an edge 26 of the pellet.
  • the chip 2 is supplied by the power supply link 5.
  • the power supply link 5 is disposed on the first end 11, on the edge 25 on which open the slots 3 and 4.
  • the short-circuit connection 6 is disposed on the second end 12, on the edge 25.
  • the supply of the chip generates a first current electrical power from the power supply 5, bypassing the slot 3 and returning through the middle portion 10 to the edge 25.
  • the electric current generates an electromagnetic coupling.
  • This electromagnetic coupling excites the slot 4.
  • a second electric current is then generated.
  • This second electric current starts from the short-circuit connection 6, bypasses the slot 4 and returns through the middle part 10 towards the edge 25.
  • the first and second electric currents thus add up in the middle part 10.
  • the electric currents generate a strong electromagnetic radiation at the zones 21, 22 and 23, represented in dashed line at the figure 2 .
  • the radiation has two resonant frequencies, respectively defined by the dimensions of the slots 3 and 4.
  • the wavelength of the electromagnetic field corresponding to the resonance of each slot is defined by the length of the contour of this slot.
  • These resonances are of the quarter-wave type, since the short-circuit connection 6 between the chip 2 and the mass 7 imposes an electric field node.
  • the length of the electrical path is of the order of ⁇ / 4, ⁇ being the wavelength in air or vacuum.
  • the conductive pad being short-circuited via the short-circuit connection 6, the antenna dimensions can thus be reduced for a given resonant frequency.
  • the short-circuit link 6 preferably has an impedance sufficiently low to impose this electric field node.
  • the secondary frequency band is thus formed of two strongly coupled resonances generated respectively by the first and second slots.
  • the resonant frequencies are not superimposed and are close enough to generate an enlarged resonant frequency band.
  • the difference in length of the contours is preferably between 5 and 30%.
  • the resonance frequencies are thus distinct so as not to be superimposed and close enough to widen the resonance frequency band.
  • Suitable dimensions of the chip and the contour of the slots make it possible to generate a secondary frequency band including the GSM band and / or the E-GSM band and more particularly the frequencies between 890 and 950 MHz.
  • the band thus formed has a width greater than 10%. In addition, the efficiency in this band is greater than 70%.
  • the speed of propagation of electric currents is close to the speed of light.
  • the flow of currents appears approximately as if the pellet was fed by the supply link 5 and by the short-circuit connection 6.
  • the path of the electric currents is similar to the path in a structure which would present two isolated pellets but enough close to each other and each having a slot and a feed link.
  • the primary resonant frequency band also uses the coupling of the slots 3 and 4.
  • An electric current is generated and passes through the first end 11 of the supply link to the edge 26. This electric current generates an induced current which flows through the mid-portion from the edge 25 to the edge 26. The latter electric current also generates an induced current which flows through the second end from the short-circuit link to the edge 26.
  • the electric currents focus on the edge 26 and generate a strong electromagnetic radiation in the zone 24 shown in dashed lines at the figure 2 .
  • the radiation thus has at least two resonant frequencies, defined mainly by the dimensions of the pellet.
  • the length of the pellet is here the determining parameter of the wavelength of the resonant frequencies. These resonances are also of the quarter-wave type because of the short-circuit connection 6 between the chip 2 and the ground 7.
  • the length of the electrical path is of the order of ⁇ / 4.
  • the primary frequency band is thus formed of at least two coupled resonances. These resonances are also influenced by the geometry and the length of the slot outline.
  • the resonant frequencies in this band are higher than in the secondary band because the path of the electric current is lower here.
  • the resonant frequencies are not superimposed and are close enough to generate an enlarged resonant frequency band.
  • the band thus formed has a width greater than 20%. In addition, the efficiency in this band is greater than 70%.
  • the short-circuit link 6 and the power supply link 5 are preferably arranged on the same edge of the conductive pad. In this case, the coupling of the resonance modes is improved. An enlarged bandwidth is then obtained.
  • the supply and short-circuit connections are preferably arranged on the edge or on an adjacent edge, as shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the short-circuit link is thus preferably placed in zone 27.
  • the feed link is preferably placed in zone 28.
  • the orientation of the contour of the slots can of course be opposite to that shown, with a similar position the short-circuit connection and the power connection.
  • the resonant frequencies as well as the adaptation levels can be modified.
  • the links 5 and 6 are placed in suitably selected locations.
  • the power link and / or the short-circuit link on the edges of the chip. For example, by arranging the feed link on one edge of the wafer, the level of adaptation is improved. A decreased reflection coefficient is then obtained, more particularly in the primary resonant frequency band.
  • the supply link and the short circuit link are preferably located on either side of one of the slots. By means of both sides, a line drawn between the supply and the short-circuit connection passes through a slot.
  • these slots have a sinuous shape, deviating from the right segment, to present a contour of increased length.
  • a sinuous contour allows to deform the path of the electric current.
  • the figure 4 shows examples of shapes of sinuous slots adapted.
  • the shape of the slots can for example be close to a V, a U, an arc of a circle or a rectangle not closing.
  • the slots preferably have a contour of similar shape.
  • the figure 5 shows a particular shape of sinuous slot to significantly reduce the size of the pellet and antenna.
  • This slot is composed of straight segments spirally wound. This type of slot makes it possible to reduce by 20% the dimensions of the antenna with respect to a V-shaped slot antenna.
  • the relative orientation of the contours of the slots makes it possible to modify the characteristics of the antenna.
  • the slots have contours of the same orientation as shown in FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 the width of the coupling frequency band is increased.
  • the same orientation of the contours makes it possible to add the electric current in the median portion 10. This electric current is greater and then generates an increased induced current around the slot 4. This results in increased amplitude and bandwidth radiation. expanded.
  • the contours of the slots have opposite orientations, the emitted radiation has a better symmetry at the expense of the bandwidth and the radiation amplitude.
  • the distance between the slots is preferably greater than 5mm.
  • distance between the slots is meant the distance between two respective points of each slot, the closest.
  • the broadening of the resonance frequency band is particularly sensitive for the primary resonant frequency band.
  • the mass 7 in the form of a metal plate.
  • Such a mass makes it possible to limit the radiation power intercepted by the user of the device.
  • the mass 7 and the conductive pad 2 are separated by a substrate 8.
  • the substrate 8 is preferably of constant thickness.
  • a substrate thickness is preferably chosen which allows the frequencies to be tuned and the bandwidths to be widened. By increasing the thickness of the substrate, the resonance frequency bands can be expanded.
  • the thickness of the substrate 8 is limited by the dimensions of the radiocommunication apparatus.
  • a substrate 8 is preferably used, one edge of which is at the same level or set back from an edge of the conductive pad 2. The mounting of the Antenna is thus simplified. To improve the gain, it is also desirable to produce such a substrate with a material whose relative permittivity is close to that of air, preferably less than 2. It will also be preferable to choose a material having a very low dissipation factor.
  • the substrate 8 made of polymethacrylimide foam or a laminate based on a fluoro-polymer such as PTFE. Such a foam also provides good mechanical strength.
  • the supply link 5 is coupled to a transmitter or a signal processor 9 by a connecting line 14.
  • This connection can be made for example by means of a coaxial cable.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial cable can be used to connect the chip to the treatment member.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial cable connects the mass 7 to the treatment member.
  • the feed link 5 it is useful for the feed link 5 to be formed of a tongue extending from the chip and extending to form the connecting line. It is possible to make the power connection in the form of a tab formed in the conductive pad.
  • a processing unit is operable to work at predetermined working frequencies close to the useful resonant frequencies of the antenna, for example working frequencies in passbands centered on the resonant frequencies. It is possible to use a composite processing member, which comprises a plurality of elements, each of these elements being permanently tuned to the working frequencies. It is also possible to use a processing element having a tunable element on the different working frequencies.
  • the input impedance presented by the antenna is equal to the output impedance of the transmitter or the signal processing device 9.
  • this impedance is set at 50 ohms to obtain minimal losses.
  • the link 6 is preferably formed of a conductive tab extending on a wafer of the substrate 8. In this case it is also possible to make the short-circuit connection in the form of a protruding tab of the conductive pad.
  • the conductive pad may also have a tab at the short circuit portion of the chip.
  • a protruding tab is provided on one edge of the short-circuit part.
  • This tongue is preferably in alignment with the conductive pad. The deflection of this tab makes it possible to modify the resonant frequencies of the antenna.
  • This tab also makes it possible to widen the resonance bandwidths of the antenna.
  • This tongue can have a length of 10mm for a width of 6mm. This tongue is preferably located on one of the ends or tails of the pellet.
  • the Figures 6 and 7 represent an antenna according to the invention.
  • the pellet has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and is made of copper.
  • the power link is a 1mm wide tab.
  • the short circuit link is a 3mm wide tongue.
  • the slot has a width of 1mm.
  • the substrate is a polymethacrylimide foam having a relief of 1 mm on 3 of its faces.
  • the mass is a PCB of 44mm by 110mm.
  • the figure 8 represents a spectrum of the reflection frequencies at the input, measured on the antenna of the Figures 6 and 7 .
  • a low reflection of the antenna at a given frequency corresponds to a resonance of the antenna.
  • Two frequencies are complementary to form an extended secondary resonant frequency band B1 between 1020 MHz and 1260 MHz.
  • the center frequency is 1145 MHz; The bandwidth is thus 21% for this band.
  • Resonance frequencies are also complementary to form an expanded primary resonant frequency band B2 between 2005MHz and 2740MHz.
  • the center frequency is 2350MHz.
  • the width of this band is approximately 30%.
  • the frequency bands are easily adapted to cover GSM, DCS, PCS and UMTS.
  • the placement of the antenna in the casing of a mobile phone generally lowers the center frequency of the resonant frequency bands, maintaining a constant percentage bandwidth.
  • the frequency bands are just shifted.
  • the presence of a battery, earpiece, microphone, electronic components, or the media card also changes the value of the center frequency of a resonance frequency band.
  • frequency bands B1 and B2 respectively including the bands E-GSM and DCS-PCS-UMTS respectively.
  • the E-GSM band has a width of 8.7%.
  • the band from DCS to UMTS has a width of 25%. The characteristics of the antenna are thus amply sufficient to cover these bands.
  • the invention also relates to a radio communication apparatus comprising an antenna as described above.
  • the antenna may be disposed within a protective housing of the apparatus.
  • Such a manufacturing method comprises a step of cutting two sinuous slots in a metal sheet.
  • this method comprises a step of cutting a short-circuit tab.
  • the method comprises a step of cutting a supply link.
  • the method comprises a step of cutting an electrical connection over part of the width of the metal sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP02290493A 2001-03-15 2002-02-28 Antenne PIFA avec fentes Expired - Lifetime EP1241733B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0103529A FR2822301B1 (fr) 2001-03-15 2001-03-15 Antenne a bande elargie pour appareils mobiles
FR0103529 2001-03-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1241733A1 EP1241733A1 (fr) 2002-09-18
EP1241733B1 true EP1241733B1 (fr) 2008-08-06

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EP02290493A Expired - Lifetime EP1241733B1 (fr) 2001-03-15 2002-02-28 Antenne PIFA avec fentes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6798382B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1241733B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2002314326A (enExample)
CN (1) CN100388560C (enExample)
AT (1) ATE403951T1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE60228010D1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2822301B1 (enExample)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2822301A1 (fr) 2002-09-20
US6798382B2 (en) 2004-09-28
ATE403951T1 (de) 2008-08-15
US20030011521A1 (en) 2003-01-16
CN1375890A (zh) 2002-10-23
CN100388560C (zh) 2008-05-14
EP1241733A1 (fr) 2002-09-18
FR2822301B1 (fr) 2004-06-04
DE60228010D1 (de) 2008-09-18
JP2002314326A (ja) 2002-10-25

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