EP1241733A1 - PIFA antenna with slots - Google Patents
PIFA antenna with slots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1241733A1 EP1241733A1 EP02290493A EP02290493A EP1241733A1 EP 1241733 A1 EP1241733 A1 EP 1241733A1 EP 02290493 A EP02290493 A EP 02290493A EP 02290493 A EP02290493 A EP 02290493A EP 1241733 A1 EP1241733 A1 EP 1241733A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- slots
- patch
- link
- short
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- PEZNEXFPRSOYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OI(OC(=O)C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 PEZNEXFPRSOYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010603 pastilles Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920007790 polymethacrylimide foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
Definitions
- the invention relates to antennas produced using the patch technique.
- Such an antenna is typically used in a spectral range including the radio frequencies and microwaves and more specifically in bands GSM, DCS, PCS and UMTS.
- antennas have a resonant frequency band.
- transmission when the antennas are excited in this frequency band by a power line, they maintain electromagnetic waves stationary. These standing waves are then coupled to waves electromagnetic radiation in space. In reception, the waves take the same shapes but travel in the opposite direction.
- Different antennas of this type are known in the state of the art.
- microstrips on a plane as an antenna for transmit signals.
- the substrate typically has a flat rectangular shape and constant thickness.
- a multi-band antenna is also described in document FR-A-2 772 518.
- This antenna comprises a flat patch placed on the surface top of a dielectric substrate.
- a layer of mass is placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
- This antenna is of the quarter wave type because a short circuit conductor, disposed on a wafer of the dielectric substrate, connects the pellet to the mass layer.
- This antenna has conductors connection allowing the transmission of signals between the antenna and a device signal processing.
- This antenna comprises three pellets placed on the upper surface of a substrate in Styrofoam (registered trademark).
- a mass layer is placed on the surface bottom of the dielectric substrate.
- a first patch intended for the low band is attached to a second patch intended for the upper band.
- These two lozenges thus form a first bi-band element having a zigzag shape and comprising a diet.
- This dual-band element has a short circuit in the form of a junction with the ground layer.
- a third patch is positioned next to the second patch to obtain a double resonance in the upper band, with a expanded bandwidth.
- the third patch has a short circuit in the form of junction with mass.
- Document US-A-4,766,440 describes an antenna having two half-wave resonances.
- This antenna includes a rectangular patch, in which the resonance paths are established respectively in the width and the length of the patch.
- a U-shaped slot is made in the patch and does not reach the edges of this patch.
- the tablet is connected to a device for coupling, provided with means for transforming impedance. This transformation impedance makes it possible to adapt the coupling device to the different frequencies of resonance used.
- these antennas have drawbacks. On the one hand, they require large flat pads, incompatible with reduced dimensions cases of mobile communication devices. On the other hand, these antennas require the mounting of capacitive loads to widen the bandwidth which increases the cost and complexity of the antenna. In addition, these antennas have a reduced bandwidth, especially in the frequency band dedicated to UMTS.
- These antennas are more expensive and have a low efficiency transmission or reception. These antennas also do not allow adjustment easily resonant frequencies and bandwidths of these frequencies.
- the invention thus relates to an antenna comprising a conductive patch having two sinuous slots, a mass, a short-circuit connection, connecting the patch to ground, a supply link connected to the patch, the antenna having a radiation diagram comprising a primary resonance band including frequencies between 1950MHz and 2100MHz and of width greater than 20%.
- the radiation pattern has a band of secondary resonance including frequencies between 890MHz and 950MHz and wide greater than 10%.
- the tablet has a shape that is substantially polygonal.
- the slots open on the same edge of the pellet.
- the short-circuit link is connected to the patch by the edge on which the slots open or by an adjacent edge.
- the supply link is connected to the patch by the edge on which the slots open or by an adjacent edge.
- the supply link and the short-circuit link are arranged on either side of at least one of the slots.
- a slot has a length contour different from the length of the contour of the other slot.
- the invention also relates to an antenna in which the difference in length between the contour of the slots is between 5 and 30%.
- the mass is a conductive surface parallel to the surface of the pellet.
- the distance between the slots is between 5 and 15mm.
- the patch is formed from a sheet metallic.
- the slots have substantially the same shape and the same orientation.
- the slots have substantially the same shape and a opposite orientation.
- the invention also relates to a radiocommunication device.
- a radiocommunication device comprising an antenna according to the invention and having a thickness less than 20mm, a length less than 120mm and a width less than 50mm.
- the invention provides an antenna in which there are two slots sinuous coupled on a conductive pad.
- the antenna presents a diagram of radiation with a resonance band of width greater than 20%. This resonance band typically covers several frequency bands of transmission, for example DCS, PCS and UMTS.
- the following antenna will be described in its operation as a transmitter, in which it transforms an electric current into an electromagnetic field. he It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the operation of the antenna in receiver is similar, an electromagnetic field being transformed into current electric by antenna.
- the cutoff frequencies are determined at - 6dB on the antenna reflection coefficient measurement curve.
- We determine the resonant frequency range by subtracting the cutoff frequency lower than the upper cutoff frequency.
- the percentage width of the frequency band resonance is the ratio of the resonant frequency range to the frequency center of the band, multiplied by 100.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an antenna according to a mode for carrying out the invention.
- the antenna 1 has a conductive patch 2, in which a first slot 3 and a second slot 4 are made.
- the pastille conductive has a supply link 5 and a short circuit link 6 connected to a ground 7.
- a substrate 8 is interposed between the patch and the ground 7.
- the supply link 5 is connected to a device for generating and processing signals 9, which sends a signal in the form of electric current.
- the patch preferably has a substantially polygonal shape.
- the tablet shown has a rectangular shape but the invention is of course not limited to this type of shape.
- the antenna of this embodiment has a frequency band of resonance which will be called secondary thereafter. It also presents a resonance frequency band which will be called primary and which will be detailed later in the description.
- the secondary resonance band is obtained by coupling of the slots 3 and 4.
- the slots 3 and 4 open on the same edge 25 of the pellet. As shown in Figure 2, the slots define a middle part 10, a first end or tail 11 and a second end or tail 12 in the tablet. These three parts are connected by an edge 26 of the patch.
- the pastille 2 is supplied by the supply link 5.
- the supply link 5 is disposed on the first end 11, on the edge 25 on which the slots 3 and 4.
- the short-circuit link 6 is arranged on the second end 12, on edge 25.
- the supply of the patch generates a first electric current starting from the supply link 5, bypassing the slot 3 and returning through the part median 10 towards edge 25. Passing through median part 10, the current electric generates an electromagnetic coupling. This electromagnetic coupling excites slot 4. A second electric current is then generated. This second electric current leaves short-circuit link 6, bypasses slot 4 and returns by the middle part 10 towards the edge 25. The first and second stream electric are therefore added in the middle part 10.
- Electric currents generate strong electromagnetic radiation at level of zones 21, 22 and 23, shown in phantom in Figure 2.
- the radiation has two resonant frequencies, defined respectively by the dimensions of slots 3 and 4.
- the wavelength of the electromagnetic field corresponding to the resonance of each slit is defined by the length of the contour from this slot.
- These resonances are of the quarter wave type, because the short circuit link 6 between the patch 2 and the ground 7 imposes an electric field node. So, the length of the electrical path is of the order of ⁇ / 4, ⁇ being the wavelength in the air or the vacuum.
- the conductive pad being short-circuited by means of short-circuit connection 6, the dimensions of the antenna can thus be reduced for a given resonant frequency.
- the short-circuit link 6 has preferably an impedance low enough to impose this field node electric.
- the secondary frequency band is thus formed of two resonances strongly coupled, generated respectively by the first and second slots.
- the resonant frequencies are not superimposed and are close enough to generate an extended resonant frequency band. It is therefore desirable that the slots have a slightly different length contour one of the other. The difference in length of the contours is preferably between 5 and 30%.
- the resonant frequencies are thus distinct so as not to be superimposed and close enough to widen the resonant frequency band.
- of the appropriate dimensions of the patch and the contour of the slots allow generating a secondary frequency band including the GSM band and / or the E-GSM band and more particularly the frequencies between 890 and 950 MHz.
- the band thus formed has a width greater than 10%. In addition, the efficiency in this band is greater than 70%.
- the speed of propagation of electric currents is close to the speed light.
- the circulation of currents appears approximately as if the chip was supplied by the supply link 5 and by the short-circuit link 6.
- the path of electric currents is similar to the path in a structure which would present two isolated pellets but close enough to each other and having each a slot and a feed link.
- Primary resonant frequency band also uses coupling slots 3 and 4.
- An electric current is generated and passes through the first end 11 from the supply link to edge 26. This electric current generates a induced current which crosses the middle part from edge 25 to edge 26. This last electric current also generates an induced current which crosses the second end from short-circuit connection to edge 26.
- Electric currents are concentrated on edge 26 and generate a strong electromagnetic radiation in zone 24 shown in dotted lines in the figure 2.
- the radiation thus has at least two defined resonance frequencies mainly by the dimensions of the patch.
- the length of the patch is here the determining parameter of the wavelength of resonance frequencies. These resonances are also of the quarter wave type due to the short circuit connection 6 between the patch 2 and the ground 7.
- the length of the electrical path is the order of ⁇ / 4.
- the primary frequency band is thus formed of at least two coupled resonances. These resonances are also influenced by the geometry and the length of the outline of the slots. Resonant frequencies in this band are higher than in the secondary band because the path of the electric current is here lower. The resonant frequencies are not superimposed and are close enough to generate an extended resonant frequency band. he is also desirable for this frequency band that the slots have a contour of slightly different length from each other. Dimensions the patch and the contour of the slots generate a strip primary frequency including UMTS band and PCS band, and more especially the frequencies between 1950 and 2100MHz. The band thus formed has a width greater than 20%. In addition, the efficiency in this band is greater than 70%.
- the short-circuit link 6 and the supply link 5 are preferably arranged on the same edge of the conductive patch. In this case, the coupling of resonance modes is improved. This gives an enlarged bandwidth.
- the supply link and the short-circuit link are preferably arranged on edge 25 or on an adjacent edge, as is shown in Figure 3.
- the short circuit connection is thus preferably placed in zone 27.
- the supply link is preferably placed in zone 28.
- the orientation of the outline of the slots can of course be opposite to that shown, with a similar position of the short-circuit link and the link Power.
- the resonant frequencies as well as the levels of adaptation.
- links 5 and 6 in locations chosen appropriately.
- the supply link and / or the short circuit connection on the edges of the patch.
- the level of adaptation is improved. We then obtains a better antenna and thus a reduced reflection coefficient, more particularly in the primary resonance frequency band.
- the supply link and the short circuit link are preferably located on either side of one of the slots. By both sides, we mean that line drawn between the supply link and the short-circuit link crosses a slot.
- these slots preferably have a sinuous shape, moving away from the line segment, in order to present an outline of increased length.
- a sinuous contour allows to deform the path of the electric current.
- Figure 4 shows examples of the shape of suitable sinuous slots.
- the shape of the slots can for example be close to a V, a U, an arc of a circle or a rectangle not closing.
- the slots have preferably a contour of similar shape.
- slots of sinuous shapes composed of straight segments. This type of shape facilitates manufacturing because of the simplicity of their contour. Tuning the antenna frequencies is also made easier.
- FIG. 5 shows a particular form of sinuous slot making it possible to significantly reduce the dimensions of the patch and the antenna.
- This slot is composed of straight segments wound in a spiral. This type of slot reduces about 20% the dimensions of the antenna compared to a slot antenna in V shape.
- the relative orientation of the contours of the slots makes it possible to modify the antenna characteristics. So when the slots have contours of same orientation as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the width of the strip of coupling frequency is increased. The same orientation of the contours allows to add the electric current in the middle part 10. This electric current is greater and then generates an increased induced current around the slot 4. On then obtains radiation of increased amplitude and expanded bandwidth. When the contours of the slits have opposite orientations, the radiation emitted has better symmetry at the expense of bandwidth and the amplitude of radiation.
- the coupling between them is modified.
- the distance between the slots is preferably greater than 5mm.
- distance between the slots is meant the distance between two respective points of each slot, the closest.
- the enlargement of the resonant frequency band is particularly sensitive for the primary resonant frequency.
- the mass 7 in the form of a metal plate. It is in this case desirable to use a mass 7 formed of a conductive surface flat, parallel to the conductive pad 2. Such a mass makes it possible to limit the radiation power intercepted by the user of the device. In the mode of embodiment shown in Figure 1, the mass 7 and the conductive pad 2 are separated by a substrate 8.
- the substrate 8 is preferably of constant thickness.
- a thickness of substrate is preferably chosen which allows the frequencies to be tuned and the bandwidths to be widened. By increasing the thickness of the substrate, the resonant frequency bands can be widened.
- the thickness of the substrate 8 is limited by the dimensions of the radiocommunication device.
- a substrate 8 is preferably used, one edge of which is at the same level or recessed with respect to an edge of the conductive patch 2. The mounting of the antenna is thus simplified. To improve the gain, it is also desirable to produce such a substrate with a material whose relative permittivity is close to that of air, preferably less than 2.
- the substrate 8 in polymethacrylimide foam or a laminate based on fluoro-polymer such as PTFE. Such foam also provides good mechanical strength.
- the supply link 5 is coupled to a transmitter or a signal processing 9 by a connection line 14.
- This can be done connection for example using a coaxial cable.
- the outer conductor of the coaxial cable in this case connects ground 7 to the processing organ.
- the supply link 5 is formed by a tab extending from the patch and is extending to form the connecting line. It is possible to perform the supply link in the form of a tab made in the conductive patch.
- a processing member capable of operating at predetermined working frequencies close to the useful resonant frequencies of the antenna, for example working frequencies included in bands passers-by centered on the resonance frequencies.
- a composite processing which has several elements, each of these elements being permanently tuned to working frequencies.
- a processing device with a tunable element on the different working frequencies.
- the input impedance presented by the antenna is equal to the output impedance of the transmitter or signal processing device 9.
- this impedance is fixed at 50 ohms to obtain losses minimum.
- connection 6 is preferably formed by a conductive tab extending on a wafer of the substrate 8. In this case it is also possible to carry out the short-circuit connection in the form of a protruding tab from the conductive pad.
- the conductive pad may also have a tab at the level of the short-circuit part of the patch. There is a tab for this. protruding on an edge of the short-circuit part. This tab is preferably in alignment with the conductive pad. The sagging of this tongue allows the resonant frequencies of the antenna to be modified This tab allows also to broaden the resonance bandwidths of the antenna.
- This tab may have a length of 10mm for a width of 6mm. This tab is preferably located on one of the ends or tails of the patch.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show an antenna according to the invention.
- the tablet has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and is made of copper.
- the supply link is a tab with a width of 1mm.
- the link short circuit is a 3mm wide tab.
- the slot has a width of 1mm.
- the substrate is a polymethacrylimide foam having a clearance of 1mm on 3 of its faces.
- the ground is a 44mm by 110mm PCB.
- FIG. 8 represents a spectrum of the reflection frequencies at input, measured on the antenna of FIGS. 6 and 7.
- a weak reflection of the antenna at a given frequency corresponds to a resonance of the antenna.
- Two frequencies are complementary to form a secondary resonance frequency band widened B1 between 1020MHz and 1260MHz.
- the central frequency is 1145 MHz; The bandwidth is thus 21% for this band.
- Resonance frequencies are also complementary to form a resonant frequency band primary B2 extended between 2005MHz and 2740MHz.
- the center frequency is worth 2350MHz.
- the width of this strip is approximately 30%. Using appropriate antenna settings described above, you can easily adapt the frequency bands to cover GSM, DCS, PCS and UMTS.
- the placement of the antenna in the case of a mobile phone generally lowers the frequency center of the resonant frequency bands, keeping a width of constant percentage band.
- the frequency bands are thus just offset.
- the presence of a battery, a headset, a microphone, electronic components or the support card also changes the value of the center frequency of a resonant frequency band.
- frequency bands B1 and B2 including the E-GSM and DCS-PCS-UMTS bands respectively.
- the E-GSM band has a width of 8.7%.
- the band from DCS to UMTS presents a 25% width.
- the characteristics of the antenna are thus amply sufficient to cover these bands.
- the invention further relates to a radiocommunication device.
- a radiocommunication device comprising an antenna as described above.
- the antenna can be arranged inside a protective housing of the device.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an antenna.
- Such a manufacturing process includes a step of cutting two slots sinuous in a metallic sheet.
- this method comprises a step of cutting a short circuit tab.
- the method comprises a step for cutting a supply link.
- the method includes a step of cutting an electrical connection over part of the width metal sheet.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention porte sur les antennes réalisées selon la technique des pastilles. Une telle antenne est typiquement utilisée dans un domaine spectral incluant les radiofréquences et les hyperfréquences et plus particulièrement dans les bandes GSM, DCS, PCS et UMTS.The invention relates to antennas produced using the patch technique. Such an antenna is typically used in a spectral range including the radio frequencies and microwaves and more specifically in bands GSM, DCS, PCS and UMTS.
La plupart des antennes comportent une bande de fréquence de résonance. En émission, lorsque les antennes sont excitées dans cette bande de fréquence par une ligne d'alimentation, elles entretiennent des ondes électromagnétiques stationnaires. Ces ondes stationnaires sont ensuite couplées à des ondes électromagnétiques rayonnées dans l'espace. En réception, les ondes prennent les mêmes formes mais effectuent le trajet en sens inverse. Différentes antennes de ce type sont connues dans l'état de la technique.Most antennas have a resonant frequency band. In transmission, when the antennas are excited in this frequency band by a power line, they maintain electromagnetic waves stationary. These standing waves are then coupled to waves electromagnetic radiation in space. In reception, the waves take the same shapes but travel in the opposite direction. Different antennas of this type are known in the state of the art.
Il est connu d'utiliser des microrubans sur un plan comme antenne pour transmettre des signaux. On dispose des pastilles conductrices sur la face supérieure d'un substrat diélectrique et on place une couche conductrice sur la face inférieure du substrat. Cette couche conductrice sert alors de plan de masse électrique. Le substrat a typiquement une forme plane rectangulaire et d'épaisseur constante.It is known to use microstrips on a plane as an antenna for transmit signals. There are conductive pads on the upper side of a dielectric substrate and a conductive layer is placed on the underside of the substrate. This conductive layer then serves as an electrical ground plane. The substrate typically has a flat rectangular shape and constant thickness.
Une antenne multi-bandes est également décrite dans le document FR-A-2 772 518. Cette antenne comporte une pastille plate disposée sur la surface supérieure d'un substrat diélectrique. Une couche de masse est disposée sur la surface inférieure du substrat diélectrique. Cette antenne est du type quart d'onde car un conducteur de court-circuit, disposé sur une tranche du substrat diélectrique, relie la pastille à la couche de masse. Cette antenne présente des conducteurs de raccordement permettant la transmission de signaux entre l'antenne et un dispositif de traitement de signal.A multi-band antenna is also described in document FR-A-2 772 518. This antenna comprises a flat patch placed on the surface top of a dielectric substrate. A layer of mass is placed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. This antenna is of the quarter wave type because a short circuit conductor, disposed on a wafer of the dielectric substrate, connects the pellet to the mass layer. This antenna has conductors connection allowing the transmission of signals between the antenna and a device signal processing.
Une publication présentée à la conférence de Davos AP 2000 par Ollikainen, Kivekäs, Toropainen et Vainikainen, fait état d'une antenne multi-bandes. Cette antenne comporte trois pastilles placées sur la surface supérieure d'un substrat en Styrofoam (marque déposée). Une couche de masse est placée sur la surface inférieure du substrat diélectrique. Une première pastille destinée à la bande basse est jointe à une deuxième pastille destinée à la bande haute. Ces deux pastilles forment ainsi un premier élément bi-bande ayant une forme en zigzag et comportant une alimentation. Cet élément bi-bande comporte un court-circuit sous forme d'une jonction avec la couche de masse. Une troisième pastille est positionnée à côté de la deuxième pastille pour obtenir une double résonance dans la bande haute, avec une bande passante élargie. La troisième pastille comporte un court-circuit sous forme de jonction avec la masse.A publication presented at the Davos AP 2000 conference by Ollikainen, Kivekäs, Toropainen and Vainikainen, reports on a multi-band antenna. This antenna comprises three pellets placed on the upper surface of a substrate in Styrofoam (registered trademark). A mass layer is placed on the surface bottom of the dielectric substrate. A first patch intended for the low band is attached to a second patch intended for the upper band. These two lozenges thus form a first bi-band element having a zigzag shape and comprising a diet. This dual-band element has a short circuit in the form of a junction with the ground layer. A third patch is positioned next to the second patch to obtain a double resonance in the upper band, with a expanded bandwidth. The third patch has a short circuit in the form of junction with mass.
Le document Novel meandered planar inverted F-antenna for triple frequency operation publié dans Microwave and optical technology letters page 58, volume 27 N°1 du 5 octobre 2000, décrit une antenne muti-bandes. Cette antenne présente trois pastilles placées dans un même plan qu'une masse, suivant un motif "en méandres". Ces trois pastilles comportent une unique alimentation.The document Novel meandered planar inverted F-antenna for triple frequency operation published in Microwave and optical technology letters page 58, volume 27 N ° 1 of October 5, 2000, describes a multi-band antenna. This antenna presents three pastilles placed in the same plane as a mass, following a pattern "meandering". These three lozenges contain a single feed.
Le document US-A- 4 766 440 décrit une antenne présentant deux résonances demi-onde. Cette antenne comprend une pastille rectangulaire, dans laquelle les trajets de résonance s'établissent respectivement dans la largeur et la longueur de la pastille. Une fente en forme de U est ménagée dans la pastille et n'atteint pas les bords de cette pastille. La pastille est reliée à un dispositif de couplage, muni de moyens de transformation d'impédance. Cette transformation d'impédance permet d'adapter le dispositif de couplage aux différentes fréquences de résonance utilisées.Document US-A-4,766,440 describes an antenna having two half-wave resonances. This antenna includes a rectangular patch, in which the resonance paths are established respectively in the width and the length of the patch. A U-shaped slot is made in the patch and does not reach the edges of this patch. The tablet is connected to a device for coupling, provided with means for transforming impedance. This transformation impedance makes it possible to adapt the coupling device to the different frequencies of resonance used.
Le document US-A-4 771291 décrit une antenne présentant une pastille. Cette pastille présente des courts-circuits ponctuels et des fentes droites ménagées dans la pastille et n'atteignant pas les bords de cette pastille.Document US-A-4 771291 describes an antenna having a patch. This patch has punctual short circuits and straight slots in the tablet and not reaching the edges of this tablet.
La demande PCT au nom du demandeur, non publiée à la date de dépôt de la présente demande et présentant le numéro de dépôt FR001586, décrit une antenne présentant une pastille conductrice avec une masse, une liaison d'alimentation, une liaison de court-circuit reliant la pastille à la masse et une fente sinueuse réalisée dans la pastille conductrice.PCT application on behalf of the applicant, not published on the filing date of the present application and presenting the deposit number FR001586, describes a antenna having a conductive patch with a ground, a connection supply, a short-circuit connection connecting the pad to ground and a slot winding made in the conductive pad.
Le document IEEE Antennas and propagation society international symposium digest, Newprt Beach, June 18-23 1995, pages 2124-2127 Boarg et al "Dual Band Cavity-Backed Quarter-wave patch antenna" décrit une antenne présentant des résonances du type quart d'onde. Une première résonance est définie par les dimensions et les caractéristiques de la pastille et du substrat. Une deuxième résonance est obtenue par utilisation d'un système d'adaptation. The document IEEE Antennas and propagation society international digest symposium, Newprt Beach, June 18-23 1995, pages 2124-2127 Boarg et al "Dual Band Cavity-Backed Quarter-wave patch antenna" describes an antenna having quarter wave resonances. A first resonance is defined by the dimensions and characteristics of the pellet and the substrate. A second resonance is obtained by using an adaptation system.
Ces antennes présentent des inconvénients. Elles nécessitent d'une part des pastilles plates de grandes dimensions, incompatibles avec les dimensions réduites des boítiers d'appareils de communication mobiles. D'autre part, ces antennes nécessitent le montage de charges capacitives pour élargir la bande passante ce qui accroít le coût et la complexité de l'antenne. En outre, ces antennes présentent une largeur de bande réduite, notamment dans la bande de fréquence dédiée à l'UMTS.These antennas have drawbacks. On the one hand, they require large flat pads, incompatible with reduced dimensions cases of mobile communication devices. On the other hand, these antennas require the mounting of capacitive loads to widen the bandwidth which increases the cost and complexity of the antenna. In addition, these antennas have a reduced bandwidth, especially in the frequency band dedicated to UMTS.
Ces antennes sont de plus coûteuses et présentent un faible rendement d'émission ou de réception. Ces antennes ne permettent pas non plus d'ajuster aisément les fréquences de résonance et les largeurs de bande de ces fréquences.These antennas are more expensive and have a low efficiency transmission or reception. These antennas also do not allow adjustment easily resonant frequencies and bandwidths of these frequencies.
Il existe donc un besoin pour une antenne qui résolve ces différents problèmes.There is therefore a need for an antenna which resolves these different problems.
L'invention concerne ainsi une antenne comprenant une pastille conductrice présentant deux fentes sinueuses, une masse, une liaison de court-circuit, reliant la pastille à la masse, une liaison d'alimentation reliée à la pastille, l'antenne présentant un diagramme de rayonnement comportant une bande de résonance primaire incluant les fréquences entre 1950MHz et 2100MHz et de largeur supérieure à 20%.The invention thus relates to an antenna comprising a conductive patch having two sinuous slots, a mass, a short-circuit connection, connecting the patch to ground, a supply link connected to the patch, the antenna having a radiation diagram comprising a primary resonance band including frequencies between 1950MHz and 2100MHz and of width greater than 20%.
Selon une variante, le diagramme de rayonnement présente une bande de résonance secondaire incluant les fréquences entre 890MHz et 950MHz et de largeur supérieure à 10%.Alternatively, the radiation pattern has a band of secondary resonance including frequencies between 890MHz and 950MHz and wide greater than 10%.
Selon une autre variante, la pastille présente une forme sensiblement polygonale.According to another variant, the tablet has a shape that is substantially polygonal.
Selon encore une variante, les fentes débouchent sur un même bord de la pastille.According to another variant, the slots open on the same edge of the pellet.
Selon encore une autre variante, la liaison de court-circuit est reliée à la pastille par le bord sur lequel débouchent les fentes ou par un bord adjacent.According to yet another variant, the short-circuit link is connected to the patch by the edge on which the slots open or by an adjacent edge.
Selon une variante, la liaison d'alimentation est reliée à la pastille par le bord sur lequel débouchent les fentes ou par un bord adjacent.According to a variant, the supply link is connected to the patch by the edge on which the slots open or by an adjacent edge.
Selon une autre variante, la liaison d'alimentation et la liaison de court-circuit sont disposées de part et d'autre d'au moins une des fentes.According to another variant, the supply link and the short-circuit link are arranged on either side of at least one of the slots.
Selon encore une variante, une fente présente un contour de longueur différente de la longueur du contour de l'autre fente.According to yet another variant, a slot has a length contour different from the length of the contour of the other slot.
L'invention concerne également une antenne dans laquelle la différence de longueur entre le contour des fentes est comprise entre 5 et 30%. The invention also relates to an antenna in which the difference in length between the contour of the slots is between 5 and 30%.
Selon une variante, la masse est une surface conductrice parallèle à la surface de la pastille.According to a variant, the mass is a conductive surface parallel to the surface of the pellet.
Selon encore une variante, la distance entre les fentes est comprise entre 5 et 15mm.According to yet another variant, the distance between the slots is between 5 and 15mm.
Selon encore une autre variante, la pastille est formée d'un feuillet métallique.According to yet another variant, the patch is formed from a sheet metallic.
Selon une autre variante, les fentes ont sensiblement la même forme et la même orientation.According to another variant, the slots have substantially the same shape and the same orientation.
Selon encore une variante, les fentes ont sensiblement la même forme et une orientation opposée.According to yet another variant, the slots have substantially the same shape and a opposite orientation.
L'invention concerne également un appareil de radiocommunication comprenant une antenne selon l'invention et présentant une épaisseur inférieure à 20mm, une longueur inférieure à 120mm et une largeur inférieure à 50mm.The invention also relates to a radiocommunication device. comprising an antenna according to the invention and having a thickness less than 20mm, a length less than 120mm and a width less than 50mm.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnée à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent :
- figure 1, une vue en perspective d'une antenne selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention;
- figure 2, une vue de dessus d'une variante d'antenne;
- figure 3, une vue de dessus des dispositions possibles des liaisons de court-circuit et d'alimentation;
- figure 4, une représentation schématique de motifs de fentes;
- figure 5, une représentation schématique d'un motif de fente préférentiel;
- figure 6, une vue de dessus d'un exemple d'antenne détaillé;
- figure 7, une vue de côté de l'antenne de la figure 6;
- figure 8, un diagramme de spectre des fréquences de réflexion de l'antenne
des figures 6
et 7.
- Figure 1, a perspective view of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 2, a top view of an alternative antenna;
- Figure 3, a top view of the possible arrangements of the short-circuit and supply links;
- Figure 4, a schematic representation of slot patterns;
- Figure 5, a schematic representation of a preferred slot pattern;
- FIG. 6, a top view of an example of a detailed antenna;
- Figure 7, a side view of the antenna of Figure 6;
- Figure 8, a spectrum diagram of the antenna reflection frequencies of Figures 6 and 7.
L'invention propose une antenne dans laquelle on dispose deux fentes sinueuses couplées sur une pastille conductrice. L'antenne présente un diagramme de rayonnement avec une bande de résonance de largeur supérieure à 20%. Cette bande de résonance couvre typiquement plusieurs bandes de fréquences de transmission, par exemple le DCS, le PCS et l'UMTS. The invention provides an antenna in which there are two slots sinuous coupled on a conductive pad. The antenna presents a diagram of radiation with a resonance band of width greater than 20%. This resonance band typically covers several frequency bands of transmission, for example DCS, PCS and UMTS.
L'antenne qui suit va être décrite dans son fonctionnement en émetteur, dans lequel elle transforme un courant électrique en champ électromagnétique. Il apparaítra clairement à l'homme de métier que le fonctionnement de l'antenne en récepteur est similaire, un champ électromagnétique étant transformé en courant électrique par l'antenne.The following antenna will be described in its operation as a transmitter, in which it transforms an electric current into an electromagnetic field. he It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the operation of the antenna in receiver is similar, an electromagnetic field being transformed into current electric by antenna.
Dans la description qui suit, pour déterminer la largeur en pourcentage d'une bande de fréquence de résonance, on détermine les fréquences de coupure à - 6dB sur la courbe de mesure du coefficient de réflexion de l'antenne. On détermine la plage de fréquence de résonance en soustrayant la fréquence de coupure inférieure à la fréquence de coupure supérieure. On détermine ensuite la fréquence centrale de la bande de résonance. Cette fréquence est la fréquence médiane entre les fréquences de coupure. La largeur en pourcentage de la bande de fréquence de résonance est le rapport entre la plage de fréquence de résonance et la fréquence centrale de la bande, multiplié par 100.In the following description, to determine the percentage width of a resonant frequency band, the cutoff frequencies are determined at - 6dB on the antenna reflection coefficient measurement curve. We determine the resonant frequency range by subtracting the cutoff frequency lower than the upper cutoff frequency. We then determine the frequency center of the resonance band. This frequency is the median frequency between cutoff frequencies. The percentage width of the frequency band resonance is the ratio of the resonant frequency range to the frequency center of the band, multiplied by 100.
La figure 1 présente une vue en perspective d'une antenne selon un mode
de réalisation de l'invention. L'antenne 1 présente une pastille conductrice 2, dans
laquelle une première fente 3 et une deuxième fente 4 sont réalisées. La pastille
conductrice présente une liaison d'alimentation 5 et une liaison de court-circuit 6
reliée à une masse 7. Un substrat 8 est interposé entre la pastille et la masse 7. La
liaison d'alimentation 5 est reliée à un dispositif de génération et de traitement de
signaux 9, qui envoie un signal sous forme de courant électrique.Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an antenna according to a mode
for carrying out the invention. The
La pastille présente de préférence une forme sensiblement polygonale. La pastille représentée a une forme rectangulaire mais l'invention n'est bien entendu pas limitée à ce type de forme.The patch preferably has a substantially polygonal shape. The tablet shown has a rectangular shape but the invention is of course not limited to this type of shape.
L'antenne de ce mode de réalisation présente une bande de fréquence de
résonance que l'on nommera secondaire par la suite. Elle présente également une
bande de fréquence de résonance que l'on nommera primaire et qui sera détaillée
plus loin dans la description. La bande de résonance secondaire est obtenue par
couplage des fentes 3 et 4. Les fentes 3 et 4 débouchent sur un même bord 25 de la
pastille. Comme représenté à la figure 2, les fentes délimitent une partie médiane
10, une première extrémité ou queue 11 et une deuxième extrémité ou queue 12
dans la pastille. Ces trois parties sont reliées par un bord 26 de la pastille. La pastille
2 est alimentée par la liaison d'alimentation 5. La liaison d'alimentation 5 est
disposée sur la première extrémité 11, sur le bord 25 sur lequel débouchent les
fentes 3 et 4. La liaison de court-circuit 6 est disposée sur la deuxième extrémité 12,
sur le bord 25. L'alimentation de la pastille génère un premier courant électrique
partant de la liaison d'alimentation 5, contournant la fente 3 et revenant par la partie
médiane 10 vers le bord 25. En passant par la partie médiane 10, le courant
électrique génère un couplage électromagnétique. Ce couplage électromagnétique
excite la fente 4. Un deuxième courant électrique est alors généré. Ce deuxième
courant électrique part de la liaison de court-circuit 6, contourne la fente 4 et revient
par la partie médiane 10 vers le bord 25. Les premier et deuxième courant
électriques s'ajoutent donc dans la partie médiane 10.The antenna of this embodiment has a frequency band of
resonance which will be called secondary thereafter. It also presents a
resonance frequency band which will be called primary and which will be detailed
later in the description. The secondary resonance band is obtained by
coupling of the
Les courants électriques génèrent un fort rayonnement électromagnétique au
niveau des zones 21, 22 et 23, représentées en trait mixte à la figure 2. Le
rayonnement présente deux fréquences de résonance, définies respectivement par les
dimensions des fentes 3 et 4. La longueur d'onde du champ électromagnétique
correspondant à la résonance de chaque fente est définie par la longueur du contour
de cette fente. Ces résonances sont de type quart d'onde, car la liaison de court-circuit
6 entre la pastille 2 et la masse 7 impose un noeud de champ électrique. Ainsi,
la longueur du chemin électrique est de l'ordre de λ/4, λ étant la longueur d'onde
dans l'air ou le vide. La pastille conductrice étant court-circuitée par l'intermédiaire de
la liaison de court-circuit 6, les dimensions de l'antenne peuvent ainsi être réduites
pour une fréquence de résonance donnée. La liaison de court-circuit 6 présente de
préférence une impédance suffisamment basse pour imposer ce noeud de champ
électrique.Electric currents generate strong electromagnetic radiation at
level of
La bande de fréquence secondaire est ainsi formée de deux résonances fortement couplées, générées respectivement par les première et deuxième fentes. Les fréquences de résonance ne sont pas superposées et sont suffisamment proches pour générer une bande de fréquence de résonance élargie. Il est pour cela souhaitable que les fentes présentent un contour de longueur légèrement différente l'une de l'autre. La différence de longueur des contours est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 30%. Les fréquences de résonance sont ainsi distinctes pour ne pas être superposées et suffisamment proches pour élargir la bande de fréquence de résonance. Des dimensions appropriées de la pastille et du contour des fentes permettent de générer une bande de fréquence secondaire incluant la bande GSM et/ou la bande E-GSM et plus particulièrement les fréquences entre 890 et 950 MHz. La bande ainsi formée présente une largeur supérieure à 10%. De plus, l'efficacité dans cette bande est supérieure à 70%.The secondary frequency band is thus formed of two resonances strongly coupled, generated respectively by the first and second slots. The resonant frequencies are not superimposed and are close enough to generate an extended resonant frequency band. It is therefore desirable that the slots have a slightly different length contour one of the other. The difference in length of the contours is preferably between 5 and 30%. The resonant frequencies are thus distinct so as not to be superimposed and close enough to widen the resonant frequency band. of the appropriate dimensions of the patch and the contour of the slots allow generating a secondary frequency band including the GSM band and / or the E-GSM band and more particularly the frequencies between 890 and 950 MHz. The band thus formed has a width greater than 10%. In addition, the efficiency in this band is greater than 70%.
La vitesse de propagation des courants électriques est proche de la vitesse
de la lumière. Ainsi, la circulation des courants apparaít approximativement comme
si la pastille était alimentée par la liaison d'alimentation 5 et par la liaison de court-circuit
6. Le trajet des courants électriques est similaire au trajet dans une structure
qui présenterait deux pastilles isolées mais assez proches l'une de l'autre et présentant
chacune une fente et une liaison d'alimentation.The speed of propagation of electric currents is close to the speed
light. Thus, the circulation of currents appears approximately as
if the chip was supplied by the
La bande de fréquence de résonance primaire utilise également le couplage
des fentes 3 et 4. Un courant électrique est généré et traverse la première extrémité
11 de la liaison d'alimentation jusqu'au bord 26. Ce courant électrique génère un
courant induit qui traverse la partie médiane depuis le bord 25 jusqu'au bord 26. Ce
dernier courant électrique génère également un courant induit qui traverse la
deuxième extrémité depuis la liaison de court-circuit jusqu'au bord 26.Primary resonant frequency band also uses
Les courants électriques se concentrent sur le bord 26 et génèrent un fort
rayonnement électromagnétique dans la zone 24 représentée en pointillés à la figure
2. Le rayonnement présente ainsi au moins deux fréquences de résonance, définies
principalement par les dimensions de la pastille. La longueur de la pastille est ici le
paramètre déterminant de la longueur d'onde des fréquences de résonance. Ces
résonances sont également de type quart d'onde du fait de la liaison de court-circuit
6 entre la pastille 2 et la masse 7. Ainsi, la longueur du chemin électrique est de
l'ordre de λ/4.Electric currents are concentrated on
La bande de fréquence primaire est ainsi formée d'au moins deux résonances couplées. Ces résonances sont également influencées par la géométrie et la longueur du contour des fentes. Les fréquences de résonance dans cette bande sont plus élevées que dans la bande secondaire car le trajet du courant électrique est ici inférieur. Les fréquences de résonance ne sont pas superposées et sont suffisamment proches pour générer une bande de fréquence de résonance élargie. Il est également souhaitable pour cette bande de fréquence que les fentes présentent un contour de longueur légèrement différente l'une de l'autre. Des dimensions appropriées de la pastille et du contour des fentes permettent de générer une bande de fréquence primaire incluant la bande UMTS et la bande PCS, et plus particulièrement les fréquences entre 1950 et 2100MHz. La bande ainsi formée présente une largeur supérieure à 20%. De plus, l'efficacité dans cette bande est supérieure à 70%.The primary frequency band is thus formed of at least two coupled resonances. These resonances are also influenced by the geometry and the length of the outline of the slots. Resonant frequencies in this band are higher than in the secondary band because the path of the electric current is here lower. The resonant frequencies are not superimposed and are close enough to generate an extended resonant frequency band. he is also desirable for this frequency band that the slots have a contour of slightly different length from each other. Dimensions the patch and the contour of the slots generate a strip primary frequency including UMTS band and PCS band, and more especially the frequencies between 1950 and 2100MHz. The band thus formed has a width greater than 20%. In addition, the efficiency in this band is greater than 70%.
La liaison de court-circuit 6 et la liaison d'alimentation 5 sont de préférence
disposées sur un même bord de la pastille conductrice. Dans ce cas, le couplage des
modes de résonance est amélioré. On obtient alors une largeur de bande de élargie.
De manière générale la liaison d'alimentation et la liaison de court-circuit sont de
préférence disposées sur le bord 25 ou sur un bord adjacent, comme cela est
représenté à la figure 3. La liaison de court-circuit est ainsi de préférence placée dans
la zone 27. La liaison d'alimentation est de préférence placée dans la zone 28.
L'orientation du contour des fentes peut bien entendu être opposée à celle
représentée, avec une position similaire de la liaison de court-circuit et de la liaison
d'alimentation.The short-
En modifiant la position relative de la liaison d'alimentation par rapport à la
liaison de court-circuit, on peut modifier les fréquences de résonance ainsi que les
niveaux d'adaptation. Pour cela, on place les liaisons 5 et 6 en des emplacements
choisis de manière adéquate. Pour améliorer le gain et faciliter la fabrication de
l'antenne, il est également préférable de disposer la liaison d'alimentation et/ou la
liaison de court-circuit sur les bords de la pastille. En disposant par exemple la liaison
d'alimentation sur un bord de la pastille, on améliore le niveau d'adaptation. On
obtient alors une meilleure de l'antenne et ainsi un coefficient de réflexion diminué,
plus particulièrement dans la bande de fréquence de résonance primaire.By modifying the relative position of the supply link relative to the
short-circuit connection, the resonant frequencies as well as the
levels of adaptation. For this, we place
La liaison d'alimentation et la liaison de court-circuit sont de préférence situées de part et d'autre d'une des fentes. On entend par de part et d'autre, qu'une ligne tracée entre la liaison d'alimentation et la liaison de court-circuit traverse une fente.The supply link and the short circuit link are preferably located on either side of one of the slots. By both sides, we mean that line drawn between the supply link and the short-circuit link crosses a slot.
Selon une variante, on peut également coupler les fréquences de résonances des fentes pour accroítre l'amplitude du champ électromagnétique émis. On utilise pour cela des fentes présentant une longueur de contour extrêmement proche.According to a variant, it is also possible to couple the resonance frequencies slits to increase the amplitude of the electromagnetic field emitted. We use for this, slots having an extremely close contour length.
Par ailleurs, ces fentes présentent de préférence une forme sinueuse, s'écartant du segment de droite, afin de présenter un contour de longueur accrue. Un contour sinueux permet de déformer le trajet du courant électrique. La figure 4 montre des exemples de forme de fentes sinueuses adaptées. La forme des fentes peut par exemple être proche d'un V, d'un U, d'un arc de cercle ou d'un rectangle ne se refermant pas. Ainsi, pour une longueur de contour de fente donnée, on pourra utiliser des fentes occupant une place moindre dans la pastille conductrice. Les dimensions de l'antenne peuvent ainsi être réduites. Les fentes présentent de préférence un contour de forme similaire.Furthermore, these slots preferably have a sinuous shape, moving away from the line segment, in order to present an outline of increased length. A sinuous contour allows to deform the path of the electric current. Figure 4 shows examples of the shape of suitable sinuous slots. The shape of the slots can for example be close to a V, a U, an arc of a circle or a rectangle not closing. Thus, for a given slot contour length, we can use slots that occupy less space in the conductive pad. The antenna dimensions can thus be reduced. The slots have preferably a contour of similar shape.
Il est préférable d'utiliser des fentes de formes sinueuses composées de segments droits. Ce type de forme facilite la fabrication du fait de la simplicité de leur contour. Le réglage des fréquences de l'antenne est également facilité.It is preferable to use slots of sinuous shapes composed of straight segments. This type of shape facilitates manufacturing because of the simplicity of their contour. Tuning the antenna frequencies is also made easier.
La figure 5 montre une forme particulière de fente sinueuse permettant de réduire sensiblement les dimensions de la pastille et de l'antenne. Cette fente est composée de segments droits enroulés en spirale. Ce type de fente permet de réduire d'environ 20% les dimensions de l'antenne par rapport à une antenne à fente en forme de V.FIG. 5 shows a particular form of sinuous slot making it possible to significantly reduce the dimensions of the patch and the antenna. This slot is composed of straight segments wound in a spiral. This type of slot reduces about 20% the dimensions of the antenna compared to a slot antenna in V shape.
L'orientation relative des contours des fentes permet de modifier les
caractéristiques de l'antenne. Ainsi, lorsque les fentes présentent des contours de
même orientation comme représenté aux figures 1 à 3, la largeur de la bande de
fréquence de couplage est accrue. Une même orientation des contours permet
d'additionner le courant électrique dans la partie médiane 10. Ce courant électrique
est plus important et génère alors un courant induit accru autour de la fente 4. On
obtient alors un rayonnement d'amplitude accrue et à bande passante élargie.
Lorsque les contours des fentes présentent des orientations opposées, le rayonnement
émis présente une meilleure symétrie au détriment de la bande passante et de
l'amplitude de rayonnement.The relative orientation of the contours of the slots makes it possible to modify the
antenna characteristics. So when the slots have contours of
same orientation as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the width of the strip of
coupling frequency is increased. The same orientation of the contours allows
to add the electric current in the
En modifiant la distance entre les fentes, on modifie le couplage entre celles-ci. Ainsi, en augmentant la distance entre les fentes on réduit le couplage mais on augmente la largeur des bandes passantes. La distance entre les fentes est de préférence supérieure à 5mm. Par distance entre les fentes on entend la distance entre deux points respectifs de chaque fente, les plus rapprochés. L'élargissement de la bande de fréquence de résonance est particulièrement sensible pour la bande de fréquence de résonance primaire. Lorsqu'on augmente la distance entre les fentes au-delà de 15 mm, les fréquences de résonance deviennent distinctes et non couplées, et ne forment plus une bande de résonance. By modifying the distance between the slots, the coupling between them is modified. Thus, by increasing the distance between the slots we reduce the coupling but we increases the width of the bandwidths. The distance between the slots is preferably greater than 5mm. By distance between the slots is meant the distance between two respective points of each slot, the closest. The enlargement of the resonant frequency band is particularly sensitive for the primary resonant frequency. When increasing the distance between the slots beyond 15 mm, the resonant frequencies become distinct and not coupled, and no longer form a resonance band.
Il est possible de réaliser la masse 7 sous forme de plaque métallique. Il est
dans ce cas souhaitable d'utiliser une masse 7 formée d'une surface conductrice
plane, parallèle à la pastille conductrice 2. Une telle masse permet de limiter la
puissance de rayonnement interceptée par l'utilisateur du dispositif. Dans le mode de
réalisation présenté à la figure 1, la masse 7 et la pastille conductrice 2 sont séparées
par un substrat 8.It is possible to produce the
Le substrat 8 est de préférence d'épaisseur constante. On choisit de
préférence une épaisseur de substrat qui permet d'accorder les fréquences et d'élargir
les bandes passantes. En augmentant l'épaisseur du substrat, on peut élargir les
bandes de fréquences de résonance. L'épaisseur du substrat 8 est limitée par les
dimensions de l'appareil de radiocommunication. De façon à permettre l'utilisation
d'une languette de retour de masse par exemple, on utilise de préférence un substrat
8 dont un bord est au même niveau ou en retrait par rapport à un bord de la pastille
conductrice 2. Le montage de l'antenne est ainsi simplifié. Pour améliorer le gain, il
est également souhaitable de réaliser un tel substrat avec un matériau dont la
permittivité relative est proche de celle de l'air, de préférence inférieure à 2. On
choisira également de préférence un matériau présentant un très faible facteur de
dissipation et plus particulièrement un facteur de dissipation inférieur à 10-3. Il est
ainsi possible de réaliser le substrat 8 en mousse polyméthacrylimide ou un stratifié à
base de fluoro-polymère tel que le PTFE. Une telle mousse fournit en outre une bonne
tenue mécanique.The
La liaison d'alimentation 5 est couplée à un émetteur ou un organe de
traitement du signal 9 par une ligne de raccordement 14. On peut effectuer ce
raccordement par exemple à l'aide d'un câble coaxial. Dans ce cas on peut utiliser
par exemple le conducteur intérieur du câble coaxial pour relier la pastille à l'organe
de traitement. Le conducteur extérieur du câble coaxial relie dans ce cas la masse 7 à
l'organe de traitement. De façon à éviter des réflexions parasites des signaux entre la
liaison d'alimentation et l'émetteur par exemple, il est préférable d'avoir une
impédance uniforme le long de la ligne de raccordement. Pour cela, il est utile que la
liaison d'alimentation 5 soit formée d'une languette partant de la pastille et se
prolongeant pour former la ligne de raccordement. Il est possible de réaliser la
liaison d'alimentation sous forme d'une languette réalisée dans la pastille conductrice. The
On utilise de préférence un organe de traitement apte à fonctionner à des fréquences de travail prédéterminées proches des fréquences de résonance utiles de l'antenne, par exemples des fréquences de travail comprises dans des bandes passantes centrées sur les fréquences de résonance. On peut utiliser un organe de traitement composite, qui comporte plusieurs éléments, chacun de ces éléments étant accordé de façon permanente sur les fréquences de travail. On peut également utiliser un organe de traitement présentant un élément accordable sur les différentes fréquences de travail.It is preferable to use a processing member capable of operating at predetermined working frequencies close to the useful resonant frequencies of the antenna, for example working frequencies included in bands passers-by centered on the resonance frequencies. We can use a composite processing, which has several elements, each of these elements being permanently tuned to working frequencies. We can also use a processing device with a tunable element on the different working frequencies.
Par ailleurs, pour avoir un gain optimal, c'est à dire un rapport entre la
puissance du signal rayonné par l'antenne et la puissance du signal émis par
l'émetteur, il est souhaitable que l'impédance d'entrée présentée par l'antenne soit
égale à l'impédance de sortie de l'émetteur ou du dispositif de traitement du signal
9. De préférence, cette impédance est fixée à 50 ohms pour obtenir des pertes
minimales.Furthermore, to have an optimal gain, i.e. a ratio between the
signal strength radiated by the antenna and signal strength transmitted by
the transmitter, it is desirable that the input impedance presented by the antenna is
equal to the output impedance of the transmitter or
La liaison 6 est de préférence formée d'une languette conductrice s'étendant
sur une tranche du substrat 8. Il est dans ce cas également possible de réaliser la
liaison de court-circuit sous forme d'une languette saillante de la pastille conductrice.The
En outre, la pastille conductrice peut également présenter une languette au niveau de la partie de court-circuit de la pastille. On dispose pour cela une languette en saillie sur un bord de la partie de court-circuit. Cette languette est de préférence dans l'alignement de la pastille conductrice. Le fléchissement de cette languette permet de modifier les fréquences de résonance de l'antenne Cette languette permet également d'élargir les bandes passantes de résonance de l'antenne. Cette languette peut présenter une longueur de 10mm pour une largeur de 6mm. Cette languette est de préférence située sur une des extrémités ou queues de la pastille.In addition, the conductive pad may also have a tab at the level of the short-circuit part of the patch. There is a tab for this. protruding on an edge of the short-circuit part. This tab is preferably in alignment with the conductive pad. The sagging of this tongue allows the resonant frequencies of the antenna to be modified This tab allows also to broaden the resonance bandwidths of the antenna. This tab may have a length of 10mm for a width of 6mm. This tab is preferably located on one of the ends or tails of the patch.
Les figures 6 et 7 représentent une antenne selon l'invention. Cette antenne
présente les dimensions suivantes:
La pastille présente une épaisseur de 100µm et est réalisée en cuivre. The tablet has a thickness of 100 µm and is made of copper.
La liaison d'alimentation est une languette d'une largeur de 1mm. La liaison de court-circuit est une languette d'une largeur de 3mm. La fente a une largeur de 1mm. Le substrat est une mousse polyméthacrylimide présentant une dépouille de 1mm sur 3 de ses faces. La masse est un PCB de 44mm par 110mm.The supply link is a tab with a width of 1mm. The link short circuit is a 3mm wide tab. The slot has a width of 1mm. The substrate is a polymethacrylimide foam having a clearance of 1mm on 3 of its faces. The ground is a 44mm by 110mm PCB.
La figure 8 représente un spectre des fréquences de réflexion en entrée, mesuré sur l'antenne des figures 6 et 7. Une faible réflexion de l'antenne à une fréquence donnée correspond à une résonance de l'antenne. Deux fréquences sont complémentaires pour former une bande de fréquence de résonance secondaire élargie B1 entre 1020MHz et 1260MHz. La fréquence centrale vaut 1145 MHz; La largeur de bande vaut ainsi 21% pour cette bande. Des fréquences de résonance sont également complémentaires pour former une bande de fréquence de résonance primaire élargie B2 entre 2005MHz et 2740MHz. La fréquence centrale vaut 2350MHz. La largeur de cette bande vaut approximativement 30%. En utilisant des réglages appropriés de l'antenne décrits précédemment, on adapte aisément les bandes de fréquences pour couvrir le GSM, le DCS, le PCS et l'UMTS. Le placement de l'antenne dans le boítier d'un téléphone portable rabaisse en général la fréquence centrale des bandes de fréquences de résonance, en conservant une largeur de bande en pourcentage constante. Les bandes de fréquence sont ainsi juste décalées. La présence d'une batterie, d'un écouteur, d'un micro, de composants électroniques ou de la carte support modifie également la valeur de la fréquence centrale d'une bande de fréquence de résonance. Ainsi, en plaçant cette antenne dans le boítier d'un téléphone standard, on obtient des bandes de fréquences B1 et B2 incluant respectivement les bandes E-GSM et DCS-PCS-UMTS respectivement. La bande E-GSM présente une largeur de 8,7%. La bande allant du DCS à l'UMTS présente une largeur de 25%. Les caractéristiques de l'antenne sont ainsi amplement suffisantes pour couvrir ces bandes.FIG. 8 represents a spectrum of the reflection frequencies at input, measured on the antenna of FIGS. 6 and 7. A weak reflection of the antenna at a given frequency corresponds to a resonance of the antenna. Two frequencies are complementary to form a secondary resonance frequency band widened B1 between 1020MHz and 1260MHz. The central frequency is 1145 MHz; The bandwidth is thus 21% for this band. Resonance frequencies are also complementary to form a resonant frequency band primary B2 extended between 2005MHz and 2740MHz. The center frequency is worth 2350MHz. The width of this strip is approximately 30%. Using appropriate antenna settings described above, you can easily adapt the frequency bands to cover GSM, DCS, PCS and UMTS. The placement of the antenna in the case of a mobile phone generally lowers the frequency center of the resonant frequency bands, keeping a width of constant percentage band. The frequency bands are thus just offset. The presence of a battery, a headset, a microphone, electronic components or the support card also changes the value of the center frequency of a resonant frequency band. So, by placing this antenna in the housing of a standard telephone, we obtain frequency bands B1 and B2 including the E-GSM and DCS-PCS-UMTS bands respectively. The E-GSM band has a width of 8.7%. The band from DCS to UMTS presents a 25% width. The characteristics of the antenna are thus amply sufficient to cover these bands.
L'invention concerne par ailleurs un appareil de radiocommunication comprenant une antenne telle que décrite précédemment. L'antenne peut être disposée à l'intérieur d'un boítier de protection de l'appareil.The invention further relates to a radiocommunication device. comprising an antenna as described above. The antenna can be arranged inside a protective housing of the device.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'une antenne. Un tel procédé de fabrication comprend une étape de découpe de deux fentes sinueuses dans un feuillet métallique. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an antenna. Such a manufacturing process includes a step of cutting two slots sinuous in a metallic sheet.
Selon une variante, ce procédé comprend une étape de découpe d'une languette de court-circuit. Selon une autre variante, le procédé comprend une étape de découpe d'une liaison d'alimentation. Selon encore une autre variante, le procédé comprend une étape de découpe d'une liaison électrique sur une partie de la largeur du feuillet métallique.According to a variant, this method comprises a step of cutting a short circuit tab. According to another variant, the method comprises a step for cutting a supply link. According to yet another variant, the method includes a step of cutting an electrical connection over part of the width metal sheet.
Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples et modes de réalisation décrits et représentés, mais elle est susceptible de nombreuses variantes accessibles à l'homme de l'art.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the examples and modes described and represented, but it is likely to be numerous variants accessible to those skilled in the art.
Ainsi, même si on a décrit jusqu'alors une pastille conductrice plane, il est également possible d'utiliser une pastille conductrice incurvée pour épouser la forme d'un boítier de téléphone mobile par exemple. On peut également utiliser une pastille conductrice de forme différente du rectangle présenté, telle qu'une pastille en forme de disque. Il est encore possible de replier les languettes d'alimentation et de court-circuit le cas échéant.Thus, even if a planar conductive pad has been described until now, it is also possible to use a curved conductive pad to fit the shape a mobile phone case for example. You can also use a tablet conductor of a shape different from the rectangle presented, such as a shaped pellet disc. It is still possible to fold the power and short circuit tabs if applicable.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0103529A FR2822301B1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2001-03-15 | BROADBAND ANTENNA FOR MOBILE DEVICES |
FR0103529 | 2001-03-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1241733A1 true EP1241733A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
EP1241733B1 EP1241733B1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
Family
ID=8861163
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02290493A Expired - Lifetime EP1241733B1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-02-28 | PIFA antenna with slots |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6798382B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1241733B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002314326A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100388560C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE403951T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60228010D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2822301B1 (en) |
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FR3030909A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | WIRE-PLATE ANTENNA HAVING A CAPACITIVE ROOF INCORPORATING A SLIT BETWEEN THE POWER SENSOR AND THE SHORT-CIRCUIT WIRE |
WO2016097362A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Wire-plate antenna having a capacitive roof incorporating a slot between the feed probe and the short-circuit wire |
US10547115B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2020-01-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Wire-plate antenna having a capacitive roof incorporating a slot between the feed probe and the short-circuit wire |
WO2018011635A1 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | Alcatel Lucent | Microstrip antenna, antenna array and method of manufacturing microstrip antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6798382B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
DE60228010D1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
CN1375890A (en) | 2002-10-23 |
ATE403951T1 (en) | 2008-08-15 |
FR2822301A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 |
EP1241733B1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
US20030011521A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
FR2822301B1 (en) | 2004-06-04 |
CN100388560C (en) | 2008-05-14 |
JP2002314326A (en) | 2002-10-25 |
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