EP1237942A1 - Verfahren zur (co)polymerisation von polaren und unpolaren monomeren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur (co)polymerisation von polaren und unpolaren monomerenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1237942A1 EP1237942A1 EP00977581A EP00977581A EP1237942A1 EP 1237942 A1 EP1237942 A1 EP 1237942A1 EP 00977581 A EP00977581 A EP 00977581A EP 00977581 A EP00977581 A EP 00977581A EP 1237942 A1 EP1237942 A1 EP 1237942A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- aryl
- monomers
- carbon atoms
- transition metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical group [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical group [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- -1 Cχ ~ to C 2 o-alkyl Chemical compound 0.000 description 26
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 6
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012661 block copolymerization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920010524 Syndiotactic polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OXMIDRBAFOEOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyloxolane Chemical compound CC1CCC(C)O1 OXMIDRBAFOEOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000047 yttrium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WARWFTBWTFPZNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(P)C(F)=C1F WARWFTBWTFPZNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLOUDBQOEJSUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1C HLOUDBQOEJSUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMDZVINHIFHLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=C)=C1 XKMDZVINHIFHLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWRKXOZFTROHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C=C OWRKXOZFTROHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBWWINQJTZYDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C(C=C)=C1 DBWWINQJTZYDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,2-n-dimethylpyridine-2,5-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1C(C=CS2)=C2CCN1 CSDQQAQKBAQLLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZXJPLGCUVUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,2-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1C PMZXJPLGCUVUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K erbium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Er](Cl)Cl HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Vinylbiphenyl Chemical group C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HDBWAWNLGGMZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037048 polymerization activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical class [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GEPJPYNDFSOARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 GEPJPYNDFSOARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/52—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium or rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the transition metal-catalyzed preparation of polymers having a syndiotactic or predominantly syndiotactic structure from vinylaromatic monomers and a process for the production of block copolymers from vinylaromatic monomers and olefinically unsaturated polar monomers.
- the invention further relates to the block copolymers obtained by the process mentioned and to their use as impact modifiers in the production of fibers, films or moldings.
- the invention relates to fibers, films or moldings containing the aforementioned block copolymers.
- Transition metal complexes based on rare earth metals have recently been increasingly investigated for their suitability as catalysts for the coordinative polymerization of nonpolar or polar olefinically unsaturated monomers (cf. H. Yasuda, E. Ihara, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1997 , 70, pp. 1745 to 1767).
- metal complexes with one or two metal centers are used, and satisfactory results can often only be achieved if a suitable cocatalyst is used.
- the polymerization of styrene succeeds in the presence of a catalyst mixture consisting of complexes of the formula Sm (0-i-Pr) 3 or Nd (acac) 3 and aluminum trialkyl compounds.
- it was also possible to polymerize styrene with monometallic samarium and lanthanum complexes without being dependent on a cocatalyst only atactic polystyrene was likewise obtained.
- Syndiotactic polystyrene ie those with a rr triad fraction> 70%, is suitable for use due to its good mechanical properties and its thermal stability
- the present invention was therefore based on the object of providing a preparatively simple block copolymerization process for the production of block copolymers from vinylaromatic and polar monomer units.
- M scandium, yttrium, lanthanum or a lanthanoid metal
- R is hydrogen, halogen, Ci to C 20 alkyl, C 3 - to -C 0 cycloalkyl, C ⁇ - to Cis-aryl or C 3 - to C 3 rj-organosilyl, two adjacent radicals R optionally being a 4 to Form 18 saturated or unsaturated cyclic or heterocyclic groups,
- R is hydrogen, C ⁇ ⁇ to C 2 o-alkyl, C 3 - to Cio-cycloalkyl,
- Metal hydride complexes (I) in which the substituents and indices have the following meaning are preferably used:
- L tetrahydrofuran, 2, 5-dialkyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dialkyl ether, acetonitrile, triarylphosphine or halogenated triarylphosphine.
- the central metals M scandium, yttrium, lanthanum or lanthanide metal such as cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium are suitable (see also textbook of inorganic chemistry, Hollemann-Wiberg, de Gruyter, Berlin, 1985, p. 59). Yttrium, lanthanum, lutetium and ytterbium are preferably used, particularly preferably terbium and erbium as the central metal M.
- R radicals for example by Halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, linear or branched C ⁇ ⁇ to C rj alkyl, preferably C ⁇ ⁇ to C ⁇ 0 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or t-butyl, C 3 - to C ⁇ o ⁇ cycloalkyl, preferably C 3 - to C 7 cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl, or C ⁇ ⁇ to C ⁇ s-aryl, preferably ⁇ to C ⁇ o-aryl, such as phenyl or
- Suitable aryl substituents include, for example, C 6 to C 6 alkyl such as methyl or i-propyl or C 6 to C 6 aryl substituted with halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, preferably C 6 to C 6 aryl.
- Two adjacent radicals R can also together form a saturated or unsaturated cyclic or heterocyclic group containing 4 to 18, preferably 4 to 15 carbon atoms. This includes, for example, condensed aryl units. Accordingly, indenyl, fluorenyl or benzindenyl systems are also suitable monoanionic ⁇ 5 -bound cyclic ligands.
- R * can independently of one another C ⁇ ⁇ to C ⁇ o-alkyl, preferably C ⁇ ⁇ to C 7 alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl or i-propyl, C 3 - bis
- C ⁇ o-cycloalkyl preferably C 3 - to C -cycloalkyl, for example cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl, C ⁇ - to C ⁇ o ⁇ aryl, preferably phenyl, or alkylaryl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl part , for example benzyl.
- radicals R in a compound (I) can both agree and have different meanings.
- ⁇ 5 -bonded ligands among the aforementioned compounds those are particularly suitable which are derived from cyclopentadienyl, tetra-C ⁇ - to Ce-alkylcyclopentadienyl, indenyl, fluorenyl or benzindenyl, the three the latter ligands can also be substituted one or more times with C ⁇ ⁇ to C ⁇ alkyl groups.
- Preferred radicals bearing the substituent Z are cyclopentadienyl, tetra-C - to C 4 -alkylcyclopentadienyl, indenyl, benzindenyl and 1- to 3-fold C ⁇ ⁇ to C 4 -alkyl-substituted indenyl or benzindenyl.
- Cyclopentadienyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl or indenyl, in particular tetramethylcyclopentadienyl is particularly preferably used.
- complexes (I) which have identical ⁇ 5 -bound ligands. However, these ligands can also differ from one another in their ring system as such and / or in their ring substitution pattern.
- Suitable radicals Z are bivalent structural units based on monatomic bridge members, the free valences of which may be saturated by organic radicals R '.
- Suitable bridge bridges are, for example, the silyl- (-SiR ' 2 -), alkyl- (-CR' 2 -), Germanyl- (-GeR ' 2 -), stannyl- (-SnR' 2 -), boranyl- ( -BR'-) or the oxo group (-0-).
- Z naturally does not necessarily have to be in the form of two identical structural units.
- the two-part bridge segments are in particular the systems -SiR '-SiR' 2 -, -SiR '-CR' 2 -,
- the radicals R ' can be C ⁇ ⁇ to C rj-alkyl, preferably C ⁇ _ to C ⁇ o-alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl or i-propyl, C 3 - to C ⁇ rj-cycloalkyl, preferably C 3 - to C 7 -cycloalkyl, for example cyclohexyl, C ⁇ , - to C ⁇ s-aryl, preferably C 6 ⁇ to C ⁇ rj-aryl, especially phenyl, or alkylaryl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl and 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl part, for example benzyl.
- the Z radicals are Di-C ⁇ - bis
- C -alkyl-substituted silyl groups such as dimethylsilyl, diethylsilyl or di-i-propylsilyl are particularly preferred.
- the unit X includes, for example, the oxo (-0-), thio- (-S-), amido ((-NR "-) or the phosphido group (-PR" -). These groups are usually connected to the metal center M via an ⁇ x bond. Furthermore, X can also represent a neutral two-electron donor such as -OR ", -SR", -NR " 2 or -PR". The latter radicals X mostly have a coordinative link to the metal center M via a free pair of electrons. X preferably represents an oxo or thio group, particularly preferably an amido unit.
- R "in the radicals -NR" -, -PR "-, -OR", -SR ", -NR” or -PR " 2 are generally hydrogen, C ⁇ ⁇ to C 20 alkyl, C 3 - to C ⁇ o ⁇ cycloalkyl, C 6 - to C ⁇ s-aryl , Alkylaryl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl and 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the aryl part or C 3 - to C 30 organosilyl.
- radicals R "are sterically demanding groups such as C 3 - to C 10 -alkyl groups , for example i-propyl or t-butyl, the C ⁇ - to C ⁇ rj aryl group such as phenyl or substituted phenyl, and the alkylaryl group with 1 to 6 C atoms in the alkyl and 6 to 10 C atoms in the aryl part, for example benzyl , X -N (t-butyl-) or -N (1,1-dimethyl-propyl) is used particularly frequently as the unit X.
- groups such as C 3 - to C 10 -alkyl groups , for example i-propyl or t-butyl, the C ⁇ - to C ⁇ rj aryl group such as phenyl or substituted phenyl, and the alkylaryl group with 1 to 6 C atoms in the alkyl and 6 to 10 C atoms in the aryl part, for example benz
- Residuals R '''in include linear and branched alkyl residues. These can also be substituted one or more times with inert functional groups such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile.
- C 3 to C 20 / in particular C 4 to C 10 alkyl radicals are preferably used, linear alkyl radicals being particularly preferred.
- alkyl radicals examples include ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-hexadecyl and n- eicosyl.
- N-Hexyl is particularly suitable as the radical R '''.
- the radicals R '''in a compound (I) can have identical or different meanings. Identical radicals R '''are usually present in a compound (I).
- the radical R ''' is connected, preferably via the carbon atom located at the chain end of the alkyl radical, to the two metal centers of the binuclear metal complex via ⁇ bonds.
- the ligands and radicals R, R ', R'',R''', L, Z and X as well as the central metal M and the ⁇ each occurring two or more times in a complex 5 -bound ligand system in a compound (I) both agree and assume different meanings.
- the ligands, the radicals and the central metals M agree in their respective meanings.
- the polymerization-active transition metal compounds (I) used in the processes according to the invention are either coordinatively unsaturated at all p metal centers or at least one metal center of the complex, ie the metal centers are present in the transition metal compound as so-called 16-electron species (the ligand coordination point L remains implemented).
- Preferred transition metal compounds (I) are those in which the ligand coordination point L remains unoccupied at all or at almost all metal centers.
- the inventive Driving naturally also include catalyst systems in which the aforementioned different transition metal compounds are present side by side.
- bi- or higher-nuclear metal complexes may also be present, in which all metal centers are coordinatively saturated with ligands L.
- L represents a low molecular weight organic Lewis base, i.e. a compound which has a two-electron donor.
- the ligand L in these cases is, for example, tetrahydrofuran, 2, 5-dialkyltetrahydrofuran such as 2, 5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dialkyl ethers such as diethyl ether or diethyl ether, acetonitrile, triarylphosphine, especially tri - phenylphosphine, or partially or perhalogenated triarylphosphine such as tris (p-fluorophenyl) phosphine or tris (pentafluorophenylphosphine).
- Preferred metal alkyl complexes are, for example, [Y ( ⁇ 5 : ⁇ 1 -CsMe 4 SiMe 2 NCMe 3 ) ( ⁇ -R "')] 2, [Tb ( ⁇ 5 : ⁇ 1 -C 5 Me 4 SiMe 2 NCMe 3 ) ( ⁇ -R '")] and [Sc ( ⁇ 5 : ⁇ 1 -C 5 Me 4 SiMe 2 NCMe 3 ) ( ⁇ -R''')] 2 with R '''in the meaning of i-butyl and / or i-propyl, preferably n-butyl, n-octyl and / or n-decyl and the complex [Cp * Y (OC 6 H 3 -2, 6-t-Bu 2 )] 2 ( ⁇ ⁇ H) ( ⁇ - R ''') with R'''' meaning ethyl, i-propyl, i-butyl or n-hexyl
- a ligand L for example in the form of a low molecular weight neutral Lewis base
- n 1 for all p metal centers of (I)
- Usually, 50-60% of the coordinatively bound ligand L can be removed at a vacuum of 5 ⁇ 10 -3 mmHg for one hour, as a result of which the starting complex described is converted into the polymerization-active compounds (I).
- Any mixtures of transition metal compounds (I) can also be used, in which complexes with one, more or p unsaturated metal centers next to each other.
- it is harmless to the success of the processes according to the invention if, in addition to the polymerization-active transition metal compounds (I), there are also those in which all p metal centers are coordinatively saturated by electron donor ligands L.
- the latter compounds do not take part in the reaction, they can be used to generate the active catalyst species, if necessary, by briefly applying a vacuum, even during the polymerization process. In this way it is possible, even during the course of the polymerization, to influence the polymerization activity in a simple manner by increasing the concentration of active polymerization catalyst without the need for external catalyst addition.
- 1-olefins in particular C 3 - to C o ⁇ 1-olefins.
- 1-Hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene or mixtures thereof are preferably used.
- With two equivalents of 1-olefin, based on the binuclear starting transition metal compound it is usually possible to achieve quantitative conversion in about 2-24 hours at room temperature.
- the transition metal compounds mentioned above can also be prepared at higher temperatures, for example at 60 ° C. and above, without the polymerization of 1-olefins being ascertained.
- the compounds (Ia) regularly have C 1l symmetry.
- the binuclear bishydride-bridged transition metal compounds (Ib) are generally obtained by hydrogenating treatment of mononuclear metal complexes of the general formula (II)
- n 0 or 1 and the other substituents and indices have the general or preferred meaning already described above.
- the desired metal complex is usually obtained in high yield, optionally in the form of an isomer mixture.
- the binuclear complexes (Ib) are prepared in inert solvents, for example a low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon such as n-pentane, n-hexane or cyclohexane, an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene or xylene or a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane or Chloroform performed. Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-pentane and n-hexane are preferably used.
- Complexes of the general formula (I) are thermally very stable and show no CH activation or H / D exchange with divergent solvents even at 50 ° C.
- Mononuclear complexes of the general formula (II) can be problem-free, for example starting from compounds of the type Y [CH 2 - n (SiMe 3 ) ⁇ + n ] 3 (Ha), by reaction with compounds such as [C 5 R ( H) (SiR ' 2 -XH)] (Ilb), e.g.
- the defined metal complex (I) according to the invention can be used both as such and in the form of any mixture of compounds covered by the general formula (I) as a catalyst for the polymerization of vinylaromatic monomers or for the copolymerization of vinylaromatic with polar monomers, in particular of polar olefinically unsaturated monomers are used.
- all mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic compounds which have one or more vinyl groups are suitable as vinylaromatic monomers.
- the aromatic ring systems of these compounds can also be heteroaryl and contain, for example, one or more heteroatoms such as O, S and / or N as ring atoms.
- the ring systems can be substituted with any functional groups.
- Preferred vinyl aromatic compounds are those which are mono- or dinuclear unsubstituted or with alkyl groups or halogen atoms represent substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems of 5 to 10 ring atoms, with 0, 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms, the preferred heteroatom is nitrogen.
- Suitable heteroaromatic vinyl compounds are, for example, 2-vinylpyridine or 4-vinylpyridine.
- Suitable polynuclear vinyl aromatic compounds are 4-vinylbiphenyl or 4-vinylnaphthalene.
- Particularly suitable vinyl aromatic monomers are compounds of the general formula (III)
- R 1 is hydrogen, C ⁇ -to C ⁇ -alkyl or a halogen atom and R 2 is C ⁇ ⁇ to Cs-alkyl or a halogen atom and k assumes the value 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- Particularly suitable as vinyl aromatic monomers (III) are styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-, m-, p-methylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 3-vinyl-o-xylene, 4-vinyl-o-xylene, 2-vinyl-m -xylene, 4-vinyl-m-xylene, 5-vinyl-m-xylene,
- Polar olefinically unsaturated monomers for the purposes of the invention include vinyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, in particular acrylonitrile, and also acrylic acid and the C ⁇ ⁇ to C 2 o-alkyl and ⁇ ⁇ to C ⁇ s aryl esters of acrylic acid, also methacrylic acid and the C ⁇ ⁇ to Crj -Alkyl- and C ß - to C ⁇ s aryl esters of methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof.
- vinyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, in particular acrylonitrile
- acrylic acid and the C ⁇ ⁇ to C 2 o-alkyl and ⁇ ⁇ to C ⁇ s aryl esters of acrylic acid also methacrylic acid and the C ⁇ ⁇ to Crj -Alkyl- and C ß - to C ⁇ s aryl esters of methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof.
- acrylates are methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, glycidyl and phenyl acrylate, as methacrylates methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, glycidyl and phenyl methacrylate.
- Acrylic nitrile, n-butyl, t-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl and glycidyl acrylate and mixtures thereof are particularly preferred as polar monomers.
- t-butyl acrylate is used.
- nonpolar ⁇ -olefinically unsaturated monomers which are not vinylaromatic monomers to the vinylaromatic monomers or to sequence these ⁇ -olefins sequentially with the vinylaromatic monomer units to form essentially nonpolar blocks - to let structure segments react.
- Suitable ⁇ -olefinic monomers are, for example, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethene, propene, 1-butene, i-butene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 1-hexene or any mixtures of the aforementioned olefins into consideration.
- the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomer units and the block copolymerization of vinyl aromatic monomer units with polar olefinically unsaturated monomers in the presence of transition metal compounds of the general formula (I) can be carried out both in bulk and in solution. If polymerization is carried out in solution, aprotic solvents are preferred.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane or cyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene or ethylbenzene or halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane can be used.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular toluene are preferably used. Any mixtures of the abovementioned solvents are of course also suitable.
- one or more blocks of vinyl aromatic monomer units and possibly non-polar ⁇ -olefinic monomer compounds are first formed, whereupon one or more blocks of these components are polymerized by adding the polar olefinically unsaturated monomers.
- the entire process of block copolymer production can be carried out in bulk or only e.g. the production of the non-polar vinyl aromatic block segment.
- the initial concentration of the monomer added in each case is generally set to a value in the range from 0.001 to 10, preferably from 0.01 to 8, mol / l.
- the polymerization temperature can be varied over a wide range. A temperature in the range from -70 to 100 ° C., preferably below 80 ° C. and particularly preferably in the range from +10 to 60 ° C., is usually selected.
- the polymerization time for the processes according to the invention is generally in the range from 0.5 to 75 h. Average response times in the range of 1 to 50 h have proven successful.
- the polymerization reactions can be carried out at pressures in the range from 0.001 to 50 bar. Polymerization is usually carried out at pressures in the range from 0.5 to 10 bar, and even a polymerization carried out under normal pressure regularly gives a satisfactory result.
- the ratio of starting monomer to transition metal compound (I) is generally in the range 1: 1 to 10,000: 1, preferred Range from 5: 1 to 5000: 1 and especially in the range from 40: 1 to 5000: 1.
- the polymerization processes according to the invention are preferred under inert reaction conditions, i.e. in the absence of oxygen and moisture. If necessary, a protective gas such as argon or nitrogen can be used.
- the transition metal compound (I) to the vinylaromatic monomer or to a solution of the vinylaromatic monomer
- the complex compound (I) can also be introduced as such or in dissolved form.
- the polymerization or block copolymerization processes according to the invention generally do not require the addition of further coactivators or catalysts.
- metal alkyl complex (I) If in the presence of the metal alkyl complex (I) only vinyl aromatic monomer compounds and, if appropriate, further nonpolar olefinically unsaturated monomer units are reacted, polymers with a syndiotactic or largely syndiotactic structure are regularly obtained.
- the proportion of rr triads is preferably over 55%, particularly preferably over 62%. Polymers with a syndiotacticity of over 90% can also be obtained without further notice.
- molecular weights M n in the range from 3000 to 500,000 and preferably> 10,000 g / mol are accessible.
- the polydispersities (M w / M n ) achieved are generally below 3.0, but preferably assume values less than 2.0.
- the polymerization reactions are generally terminated by adding a protic compound, for example a low molecular weight alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or i-propanol, or by simply removing the solvent.
- a protic compound for example a low molecular weight alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or i-propanol
- the (co) polymer obtained is generally obtained as a solid and can be mechanically, e.g. be separated by filtration.
- the polymers and block copolymers obtained by the process described are suitable for the production of fibers, films and moldings.
- the block copolymers of vinylaromatic and polar block segments obtainable by the process according to the invention can be used, inter alia, as impact modifiers in thermoplastic polymers or in polymer blends. Furthermore, the block copolymers according to the invention can be used as compatibilizers in polymer mixtures of otherwise immiscible polymers. Block copolymers in which the vinyl aromatic block segment is syndiotactic or predominantly syndiotactic Structural units can be used, for example, for the compatibility of blend materials made of syndiotactic polystyrene and polyacrylates and / or polymethacrylates.
- the vinyl aromatic polymers obtained by the process according to the invention stand out just like those described
- Block copolymers from a very narrow molecular weight distribution Polydispersities less than 2.0 and 1.4 can be easily obtained.
- the molecular weights of the homo- and block copolymers produced were determined by means of quantitative 1 H-NMR spectroscopy by end group analysis and by means of gel permeation chromatography against polystyrene standards on columns from Shodex with tetrahydrofuran as eluent.
- Styrene was refluxed over calcium hydride for several hours, then distilled shortly before use. Toluene was refluxed in the presence of sodium, then distilled.
- Inert gas technology was used to manufacture the transition metal complexes.
- the reactions were carried out under argon.
- T g ⁇ glass transition temperature of the polystyrene block
- T g2 glass transition temperature of the poly-t-butyl acrylate block
- Ig served as the starting compound for the polymerization-active complex.
- Corresponding amounts of toluene were used instead of benzene.
- the time for the styrene polymerization was 16 h, that for the block copolymerization of t-butyl acrylate 5 min.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19959252 | 1999-12-09 | ||
| DE19959252A DE19959252A1 (de) | 1999-12-09 | 1999-12-09 | Verfahren zur (Co)polymerisation von polaren und unpolaren Monomeren |
| PCT/EP2000/011811 WO2001042314A1 (de) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-11-27 | Verfahren zur (co)polymerisation von polaren und unpolaren monomeren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1237942A1 true EP1237942A1 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00977581A Withdrawn EP1237942A1 (de) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-11-27 | Verfahren zur (co)polymerisation von polaren und unpolaren monomeren |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6599996B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1237942A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004500450A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19959252A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001042314A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2852015B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-07 | 2007-06-22 | Composantes catalytiques a geometrie contrainte comprenant un ligant fluorenyle et basees sur des metaux du groupe iiib | |
| CA2632880A1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-07-05 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Polydentate heteroatom ligand containing metal complexes, catalysts and methods of making and using the same |
| EP1834970B1 (de) * | 2006-03-15 | 2014-05-14 | Styrolution GmbH | Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyolefin-Polyvinylaromatischen-Blockcopolymeren |
| CN100408626C (zh) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-08-06 | 南京大学 | 聚苯乙烯在10℃至60℃的范围内加工方法 |
| JP5820756B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2015-11-24 | 出光興産株式会社 | 芳香族ビニル化合物重合体の製造方法 |
| EP3303425A1 (de) * | 2015-05-29 | 2018-04-11 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyolefin |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5264527A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1993-11-23 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Acrylic triblock copolymers, their preparation and their application to the manufacture of elastomeric articles |
| US5504169A (en) | 1989-09-13 | 1996-04-02 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for producing amorphous poly-α-olefins with a monocyclopentadienyl transition metal catalyst system |
| US5218064A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1993-06-08 | Showa Denko K.K. | Process for preparing narrow molecular weight distribution syndiotactic polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters |
| US5563219A (en) | 1993-07-16 | 1996-10-08 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. | Process for Preparing block copolymer of monoolefin |
| US5464906A (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1995-11-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ethylene homopolymerization using group 3 metal complexes |
| DE69723244T2 (de) * | 1996-03-27 | 2004-04-22 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc., Midland | Allyl-enthaltende metallkomplexe, und verfahren zur polymerisation von olefinen |
| DE19700305A1 (de) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-07-16 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerisaten aus vinylaromatischen Verbindungen durch Dispersionspolymerisation |
-
1999
- 1999-12-09 DE DE19959252A patent/DE19959252A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-11-27 EP EP00977581A patent/EP1237942A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-11-27 JP JP2001543609A patent/JP2004500450A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-11-27 WO PCT/EP2000/011811 patent/WO2001042314A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-27 US US10/130,820 patent/US6599996B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0142314A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6599996B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
| DE19959252A1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
| JP2004500450A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
| WO2001042314A1 (de) | 2001-06-14 |
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