EP1234173A4 - Appareil destine a la production a haut rendement de reseaux de materiaux de revetement, et procedes analytiques utilisant ces reseaux - Google Patents

Appareil destine a la production a haut rendement de reseaux de materiaux de revetement, et procedes analytiques utilisant ces reseaux

Info

Publication number
EP1234173A4
EP1234173A4 EP00974017A EP00974017A EP1234173A4 EP 1234173 A4 EP1234173 A4 EP 1234173A4 EP 00974017 A EP00974017 A EP 00974017A EP 00974017 A EP00974017 A EP 00974017A EP 1234173 A4 EP1234173 A4 EP 1234173A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
array
well
wells
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00974017A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1234173A1 (fr
Inventor
Jay R Akhave
Dennis L Saunders
Michael Licon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Avery Dennison Corp
Original Assignee
Avery Dennison Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Avery Dennison Corp filed Critical Avery Dennison Corp
Publication of EP1234173A1 publication Critical patent/EP1234173A1/fr
Publication of EP1234173A4 publication Critical patent/EP1234173A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
    • B01L3/5085—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
    • B01L3/50853—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates with covers or lids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/505—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes flexible containers not provided for above
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/002—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials the substrate being rotated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/32—Paints; Inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00306—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
    • B01J2219/00313—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement the reactor vessels being formed by arrays of wells in blocks
    • B01J2219/00315—Microtiter plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B01J2219/00364—Pipettes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B01J2219/00436—Maskless processes
    • B01J2219/00443—Thin film deposition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00479—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels
    • B01J2219/00481—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels by the use of moving stirrers within the reaction vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00585—Parallel processes
    • B01J2219/00587—High throughput processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00614—Delimitation of the attachment areas
    • B01J2219/00621—Delimitation of the attachment areas by physical means, e.g. trenches, raised areas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
    • B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
    • B01J2219/00632—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface
    • B01J2219/00637—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface by coating it with another layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
    • B01J2219/00686—Automatic
    • B01J2219/00691—Automatic using robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
    • B01J2219/00722—Nucleotides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/00756—Compositions, e.g. coatings, crystals, formulations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0409—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/11—Compounds covalently bound to a solid support
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
    • C40B40/04—Libraries containing only organic compounds
    • C40B40/14—Libraries containing macromolecular compounds and not covered by groups C40B40/06 - C40B40/12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B60/00—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
    • C40B60/14—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries for creating libraries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00465—Separating and mixing arrangements
    • G01N2035/00534—Mixing by a special element, e.g. stirrer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/04—Details of the conveyor system
    • G01N2035/0401—Sample carriers, cuvettes or reaction vessels
    • G01N2035/0418—Plate elements with several rows of samples
    • G01N2035/0422—Plate elements with several rows of samples carried on a linear conveyor
    • G01N2035/0424—Two or more linear conveyors
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
    • G01N35/028—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations having reaction cells in the form of microtitration plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for identification and optimization of coating materials and properties for desired applications. More specifically, the invention relates to an improved process of creating coatings, involving identifying candidate materials and screening and optimizing formulations and coating parameters for desired applications.
  • coating materials for example adhesive coatings, release coats, protective coatings, and the like as well as films and laminate constructions of layered materials, has conventionally been a time consuming and labor intensive process.
  • Candidate materials are identified primarily based on knowledge and experience with what compositions have worked before in related applications and investigating like materials and combinations of materials. This usually involves preparing a coating formulation, preparing a test coating for evaluation (often involving several tries to attain the desired parameters such as coat weight, cure. etc. for evaluation), drying the coating, then evaluating the coating by testing the property of interest, such as permeability, tack, shear and bending strength, surface roughness, etc.. and entering the results in a database for comparison with further coatings to be developed and tested.
  • the property of interest such as permeability, tack, shear and bending strength, surface roughness, etc..
  • Contamination as a result of holdover effects are generally additive and provide a level of error in coat formulation that is difficult to control. It is therefore preferable, especially when the volume of coating material to be tested is small, to use a coating method that either eliminates or significantly reduces holdover effects. Use of a disposable method for dispensing as well as receiving the test coat material would eliminate problems associated with holdover effects.
  • a variety of methods for coating desired substrates or materials are available and include spin coating, die coating and non-contact jet coating methods.
  • Spin coating is a technique commonly used in the field of electronics where the coat material is dispensed onto a desired surface by centrifugal force (spinning).
  • the coatweights resulting from this method are limited to very thin coatings and there is a significant loss of material during the coating process.
  • die and jetting nozzle costs prohibit their modification to disposable units.
  • an inexpensive, efficient and disposable method for testing a large number of coating materials has not been known. While many significant advances in coating technology have been made in recent years, acceleration of the rate at which coating materials can be identified, screened, investigated and optimized will be recognized as a desirable goal by those skilled in the art.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a multi-well apparatus for making arrays of coating materials.
  • Such arrays are suitable for analysis and may comprise a disposable two-layer assembly where the first layer contains a plurality of wells and the second layer is a substrate layer. Both layers can be flexible, with the second or bottom layer being detachable from the overlying first layer.
  • Such an apparatus can be made of disposable material, thus providing a cost-effective, efficient and reliable means of making and testing numerous formulations of coating material.
  • the invention also provides a method of developing a new coating having a desired performance characteristic with regard to a property of a coating, comprising: a) providing an array of coating wells, b) placing a coating material having the known parameter in each coating well, varying the parameter so as to provide a plurality of coatings having different parameter values in a plurality of coating wells; c) correlating the value of the parameter for the coatings deposited in each of the plurality of coating wells with the position of the coating well in the array, whereby a parameter value is associated with each coating well position in the array; d) applying a leveling force to the array of wells to level the coating material in the coating wells; and e) testing the coatings in the array to analyze the relationship between the position in the array and performance with regard to the property of the coating material, whereby the value of the parameter can be correlated to the performance of the coating with regard to the property of the coating.
  • the coatings in the array can be dried while the leveling force is applied.
  • the above combinatorial, high-throughput method of screening candidate coat materials results in a significant increase in the discovery rate of new coating materials.
  • the leveling force may be provided by a centrifuge.
  • FIG. 1 is a generic schematic of the combinatorial discovery process
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example of a robotic dispenser usable in one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of an example of a well plate usable in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an example of a well plate having a removable well bottom, comprising a substrate to which sample coatings are applied, usable in one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another example of a well plate having a removable well bottom comprising a substrate to which sample coatings are applied, usable in one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of a well plate having a curved bottom usable in one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of a flexible well plate having a removable top portion usable in one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of a well plate having a laminate construction usable in one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing leveling of coating array materials by application of a leveling force and curing by hot air;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an example of a centrifuge usable in an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a perspective view of an example of a swing arm centrifuge rotor assembly usable in one embodiment of the invention, showing the assembly loaded with well plates:
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an example of a 96-well plate usable in one embodiment of the invention.
  • the term "combinatorial" refers to the combined approach of high-throughput analysis of libraries consisting of arrays of coat material formulations. Included in the high-throughput analysis are automated or robotic processing of the sample arrays.
  • Combinatorial methods have been used in the medical . pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to develop chemical compositions, particularly pharmaceuticals and medicaments, for a number of years. However, these prior combinatorial methods have not been well suited to development of new coatings. Applicants herein provide techniques for generating arrays of coating formulations, well suited to the application of combinatorial chemistry methods. These techniques allow new coatings to be screened and evaluated on a high throughput basis, in order to produce new coatings economically.
  • a system 10 in accordance with principles of the invention comprises a method of developing new coatings by means of a combinatorial approach.
  • a first step 12 is to define what end result coating is desired, and what characteristics and qualities such a coating will have.
  • a new material, or a new construction of several materials, such as a laminate for example, comprising new and/or conventional materials combined in a novel way may be required.
  • combinatorial methods can be applied to both the process of creating coating materials by formulation or synthesis, and to creating coating parameters or desired characteristics.
  • the next step 13 is to select likely candidate materials. These can comprise formulations of generally dilute solutions of raw material ingredients 14 that are contemplated as likely elements or components that may provide a coating material with desired characteristics.
  • a material library of a few to a few hundred thousand, or more, chemical combinations are formed and dispensed into an array of coating wells 18 using a robot or other automated device 17 to make a library or array of coating materials .
  • the "libraries" may include the samples in a single array, or the samples may form a plurality of arrays, processed either concurrently or successively.
  • the chemical combinations forming at least part of the library are then processed in parallel as indicated at reference numeral 19.
  • Processing can include exposing the coating array to a variety of processing variables such as heat, and time as well as applied leveling forces to shape the resultant library or array of coat samples, as can be accomplished, for example, by a centrifuge 20.
  • high throughput analysis is performed whereby the library is screened by detectors that quickly scan various properties of the coating materials.
  • materials with the desired properties are identified 22 with the results entered into a large database 23. allowing up to 25,000 variations of materials to be tested at one time.
  • Each library is comprised of one or more arrays of variations of materials to be tested.
  • Each individual site in an array will correspond to a specific formulation of a coat material, wherein the parameter or coat descriptor s) of the material located at that site is known.
  • Miniaturization of the sample size facilitates processing and greatly saves cost and time thereby increasing efficiency and the rate of discovery.
  • the end result is discovery and determination of the most successful new material(s) and the process or parameters used to produce the new materials. These materials are then selected for large scale production and commercialization 24.
  • holdover is defined as the volume of material that is residual in a cavity after it is emptied and could contaminate the next batch of material deposited into the cavity.
  • the potential for holdover increases. For example, tubes, pipette tips, material dispensers and such all have potential holdover volumes.
  • the contamination is also a function of the rheological nature or viscosity of the material that is deposited into the cavity. Holdover effects in traditional methods of developing coating materials greatly increases the level of error, compromising the identification of correct parameters of a new coat material.
  • a disposable dispensing device 25 (FIG. 2) and a disposable substrate assembly (formatted as a multi-well apparatus) 26. both of which are further described below.
  • substrate is defined as any coat-receiving surface or material, or a substance upon which a sample coat material resides which allows the testing of that sample.
  • a "substrate assembly " ' is a composite of materials formed into a unit or apparatus for holding a large number of different coating samples in an array format (FIG. 3).
  • An "array format" as used herein, is a matrix format where the samples of coating material are arranged as discrete coated areas 31 on a surface, such as a planar surface.
  • a 48- well coating array FIG. 3
  • An initial step in the development of a coating is to create the various mixed formulations to be placed in the wells in the array.
  • sample formulations can be mixed or prepared in a multi-well plate format (FIG. 3) with each individual well containing a unique, pre-defined formulation to be tested.
  • FOG. 3 A variety of types of commercially available multi-well plates suitable for use in the present invention can be used (Millipore Corp., Polyfiltronics. VWR Scientific).
  • Such multi-well plates can vary in size of plate dimension, size of well (outer circumference as well as well-depth), type of material used to construct the multi-well plate (for example, polystyrene or polypropylene, rigid plastic or flexible plastic).
  • multi-well plates generally 48-, 96- or 256-well plates
  • outer dimensions are standardized for use with robotic dispensers.
  • standardized multi-well plates are rectangular, rigid, stackable plates with right edges of the top or lid portion being curved 29.
  • the outside dimensions of a complete multi-well unit are approximately 5 x 3.25 inches.
  • Such multi-well plates are suitable for use in the present invention.
  • the well size used should be of substantial volume so as to allow adequate robotic mixing of the required or needed amount of each formulation without drying up of the solutions contained in the wells.
  • a well volume of .5 to 3 cubic centimeters in volume is contemplated for use in the present invention.
  • the minimum quantity or volume of sample to be mixed in a "mother" wellplate will vary depending upon the desired coating thickness, domain size and formulation of the coating solution.
  • a “mother” well plate is defined as a source well plate.
  • a 25 micron thick coating that is 1 cm " in domain size with a coating solution that is 50% solids will require ( 1 cm " x 25 microns / 0.5) volume units or 0.0050 cc of solution.
  • Domain size refers to the minimum area required for the coated sample as determined by downstream testing. The appropriate volume of individual formulations from this mother well plate can then be dispensed to a sample or "daughter " well plate to make a coating with the desired domain size for subsequent analysis and data collection. It should be understood, that alternative embodiments include use of a single well plate as both the mother and daughter well plate.
  • the well plate into which the sample formulations are mixed will also serve as the well plate from which the coating materials will be tested. Again, considerations of desired coating thickness, domain size and formulation of coating solutions will be included in determination of minimum volume of well size required. Additional embodiments of well plate apparatus design will be discussed further below.
  • a disposable metering device can be used to dispense the formulations from a mother well plate to a daughter well plate.
  • a robotic dispenser available commercially for example, from Hamilton Zinser Packard ( FIG. 2) ( FIG. 2) is one such device. Robotic dispensers allow for rapid and automated dispensing of a specified quantity of a large number of samples.
  • the well plate format to be used for the daughter well plate will also depend on the domain size requirement of the coating. For example, a 6-, 12-, 24-. 48-. 96-. or 384- well plate format are commercially available formats which can be used in the present invention with the commercially available robotic dispensers.
  • the robotic dispenser will have a platform area upon which the substrate well plates reside (FIG. 2; "A").
  • a robotic device can also be used for mixing as well as dispensing component materials for the sample coating formulation to be tested.
  • a robotic device can also be used for mixing as well as dispensing component materials for the sample coating formulation to be tested.
  • Such a device could have multiple dispensing units 30 from which specific and precise amount of an individual component is dispensed into a single well.
  • the sample solution can be dispensed using disposable pipette tips 30b attached to the pipettors 30c.
  • a separate dispensing unit for each component can be used to dispense the appropriate amount of a respective component into a single sample well.
  • Such a dispensing unit can be disposable which will allow rapid and accurate automation of the combinatorial method for formulating or synthesizing a new coating with elimination of holdup or contamination problems.
  • disposable dispensing units include, polyethylene or other type of tubing and disposable pipette tips.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a multi-well plate depicting the array format useful in the invention. Coating material samples are placed within the apertured, multi-well template top 47.
  • Such multi-well plates will form an array 41 or library format of the different formulations as discrete coated areas 40 on a planar substrate sheet 42.
  • a multi-well plate with a removable top or cover can also be used as a well plate assembly.
  • An example of such a multi- well plate design is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the well plate design can also include modifications to the well plate to prevent distribution of coating material onto the inner walls of the wells. For example, a release coating can be applied to the inner walls 43 of the wells to prevent any sample material from moving up and onto the well walls during application of a leveling force.
  • An additional embodiment of the present invention includes multi-well plates designed to obtain flat coatings in all of the wells of assembly.
  • Current commercially available multi-well plates have a flat-bottom surface for the entire plate. This results in an uneven distribution of sample material in the wells located along the perimeter of the multi-well plate 68 when current swing arm type of centrifuge rotors 70 are used to apply a leveling force.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a modified multi-well plate designed to obtain flat coatings in all of the wells.
  • Such a well plate will have a curved base plate 44 where the curvature of this base is parallel to the circumference of the centrifuge rotor, or is curved so as to substantially match the curvature of the curvilinear path of the well plate during centrifugation.
  • sample material or coating solutions in all of the wells, including perimeter wells 45 will be at the same distance from the spin axis of the centrifuge.
  • coating material in all of the wells will have a flat distribution following centrifugation.
  • the top view of such a multi-well plate can be as depicted in FIG. 5.
  • a flexible substrate and apertured well plate may be employed to provide a curved configuration when mounted in a centrifuge.
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross sectional view of a representative laminate multi-well plate assembly.
  • the assembly is made up of at least 4 layers and is shown in FIG.8.
  • the top or first layer 46 corresponds to the multi-well or sample holding portion of the assembly.
  • This layer need only be thick enough to provide a sufficient barrier between adjacent wells so that the dispensed coating material 50 does not cross contaminate adjacent samples. Where a very small amount of coating material 50 is to be tested, this layer need not be very thick and could be made of, for example, thin plastic, foam or paper with each well formed of holes placed in linear, multiple rows to form an array pattern.
  • the top layer will be about .01 to about 1 mm, or about 1 to about 10 mm, or about 1 to about 5 cm in height.
  • This top layer 46 can be coated with a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) (not shown) to attach it to the substrate layer 48. This will also help to seal the wells so that cross- contamination of sample coating material from one well does not mix with its neighbors.
  • PSA Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
  • the second layer is the substrate layer 48 and can be formed of a variety of materials, such as plastic, polymeric resin or paper, so long as it will hold the sample coating material 50 in a flattened manner.
  • the second layer will preferably be about 1 to about 100 microns, or about 1 to about 10 mm, or about 1 to about 5 cm in thickness.
  • the third layer is a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive layer (PSA) 52.
  • PSA layer 52 can be about 5 to about 30 ⁇ m , or about .005 to about .03 mm. or about.0005 to about.003 cm in thickness depending upon the type of adhesive and degree of adhesion desired.
  • the fourth layer is a liner 54 coated with a release layer such as silicone. which can be removed or peeled away from the PSA layer 52 leaving the adhesive on the bottom of the substrate layer as the new bottom layer.
  • This type of multi-well plate design is suitable for example, where the stickiness or tackiness of a coating material is to be tested.
  • a "leveling force” as used herein, is defined as any force sufficient to cause a sample or coat material to distribute evenly and flatly onto a substrate. A leveling force will also remove any residual air bubbles present within the sample coat formulation.
  • a variety of leveling forces are contemplated for use in the present invention including, for example, use of centrifugal force, use of a vacuum or negative pressure force, use of an electrostatic force, or use of a magnetic force.
  • the test coat formulation will contain magnetic particles, powder, or a compound such as ferrite, that is responsive to a magnetic force.
  • Use of a leveling force need not be limited to single-coat assessments.
  • a leveling force can be repeatedly applied following dispensing of individual layers of a coat to be tested.
  • the final array obtained will be a planar sheet containing discrete areas in a grid format of multi-layer coat formulations.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows an example of a centrifuge that can be used for applying a leveling force to a multi-well plate.
  • Such swing arm-type centrifuges with multi-well plate holders FIG.
  • the rotor for use in such a centrifuge is designed so as to hold an even number of multi-well plate assemblies.
  • the multi-well plate assemblies 68 are loaded into the rotor 70 in an upright or horizontal position. During centrifugation. the plates are directed into a vertical position which then levels or flattens the sample formulations onto the substrate layer. After the formulations are dispensed in a multi-well plate assembly, the assembly is placed in a swing-arm centrifuge and the coatings are spun at controlled speeds so as to form a flat coating within each well 64. For example, with a standard centrifuge, a 10-min. spin at 2000 rpm will be sufficient to evenly distribute the coat materials within each well. There is no loss of sample material with use of a swing-arm centrifuge.
  • Additional methods of casting sample coat formulations include those which can also simultaneously dry the coating material during casting.
  • a centrifuge which has been modified to hold circulating hot air or other gas which will aid in the evaporation of carrier solvents in the coating formulations is also contemplated for use in the present invention and is diagrammed schematically in FIG. 9.
  • the hot air 66 circulating over the formulations during centrifugation aids in the drying of the coating by evaporation of volatiles or solvents.
  • devices used to provide alternative methods of applying a leveling force can also be modified so as to simultaneously dry the coat formulations.
  • an apparatus utilizing a vacuum or electrostatic force as the leveling force can be modified to circulate hot air and include alternate arrangements for drying.
  • the above methods provide an array 40 of coating materials with each site in the grid array containing a coat material having a known parameter which differs from parameter values of the materials contained on the other sites (FIG 1 ; step 16). With this array, the plurality of coating materials can each be tested for performance of each coating. Because the parameter value of the coating contained at each site is known, the value of a parameter associated with a desired performance of a coating can be determined. All information obtained by this high throughput analysis screening a coat material library are then entered into a database. From this database identification of the most successful new coat materials and the parameters and descriptors used to produce them is achieved (FIG. 1. step 23). Such a database will also serve as a storage library to aid in the formulation of future parameters to characterize the coatings.
  • This example demonstrates the use of a multi-well plate combined with a centrifugal leveling force for estimation of coat weight of a sample coat material formulation.
  • This example is intended to be representative of one embodiment of the invention, and not intended as limiting the scope of the invention.
  • the emulsion polymer formulation used was S-2000.
  • S-2000 is a nondispersable emulsion acrylic polymer manufactured by Avcry Dennison Corporation. Pasadena CA in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 5,221 ,706.
  • a 96-well plate obtained from Polytronics was used as a daughter well plate. The well plate remained flat during centrifugation. Each well contained an equivalent sample material formulation for determination of coat weight.
  • This example demonstrates the utility of using a multi-well plate combined with a leveling force for high-throughput analysis of specific parameters or characteristics of coat material formulations in an individualized manner.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de sélection combinatoire à haut rendement destiné à créer de nouveaux revêtements présentant une caractéristique de rendement souhaitée d'une propriété de revêtement, permettant d'augmenter sensiblement le taux de découverte de nouveaux matériaux de revêtement. Le procédé consiste à prendre des réseaux de puits (18) destinés à recevoir des matériaux de revêtement candidats possédant un paramètre connu, à placer les matériaux de revêtement dans chaque puits (16) tout en faisant varier le paramètre du matériau de revêtement, à corréler la position du matériau de revêtement dans le réseau à la variation du paramètre du matériau de revêtement, à appliquer une force de nivellement du revêtement et à sécher éventuellement les matériaux de revêtement dans le réseau de puits (19) de revêtement, à tester les revêtements en fonction des caractéristiques (21) de rendement souhaitées et à corréler le résultat du test à la position du puits dans le réseau, les matériaux de revêtement possédant les caractéristiques de rendement souhaitées étant ainsi découverts.
EP00974017A 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Appareil destine a la production a haut rendement de reseaux de materiaux de revetement, et procedes analytiques utilisant ces reseaux Withdrawn EP1234173A4 (fr)

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US16234999P 1999-10-29 1999-10-29
US162349P 1999-10-29
PCT/US2000/029854 WO2001033211A1 (fr) 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Appareil destine a la production a haut rendement de reseaux de materiaux de revetement, et procedes analytiques utilisant ces reseaux

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EP00976736A Withdrawn EP1242192A1 (fr) 1999-10-29 2000-10-30 Procede et dispositif de test combinatoire ameliore pour formulations de matieres de revetement et procedes associes

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EP1243409A3 (fr) * 2000-05-01 2003-05-14 Agfa-Gevaert Procédé de revêtement combinatoire pour le développement de nouveaux matériaux
EP1381857A4 (fr) * 2001-03-23 2007-03-28 Transform Pharmaceuticals Inc Procede et systeme servant a planifier, executer et evaluer un criblage a haut rendement de compositions chimiques a constituants multiples et de formes solides de composes
WO2003028878A1 (fr) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-10 Dynametrix Limited Procedes et moyens permettant de creer des arrangements
US6881363B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2005-04-19 Symyx Technologies, Inc. High throughput preparation and analysis of materials
DE10201075A1 (de) * 2002-01-14 2003-07-24 Basf Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung des Weissanlaufens
DE10206620B4 (de) * 2002-02-15 2005-08-18 Henkel Kgaa Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum gleichzeitigen Testen der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeiten auf Flächengebilde sowie Verwendung der Vorrichtung
WO2004073048A2 (fr) * 2002-05-30 2004-08-26 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Appareil et procede pour produire des films sur des substrats
ES2199080B1 (es) * 2002-07-16 2005-02-16 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia Soporte rotatorio y aparato para la caracterizacion multiple espectroscopica de muestras de materiales solidos.
AT411334B (de) * 2002-07-17 2003-12-29 Hexal Pharma Gmbh Aufnahmevorrichtung für proben
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JP3978500B2 (ja) * 2005-02-18 2007-09-19 国立大学法人埼玉大学 多種微量試料の注入、移行方法
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WO2001032320A1 (fr) 2001-05-10
EP1242192A1 (fr) 2002-09-25
AU1447101A (en) 2001-05-14
WO2001032320A9 (fr) 2002-08-15
AU1245401A (en) 2001-05-14
JP2003513257A (ja) 2003-04-08
WO2001033211A1 (fr) 2001-05-10

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