EP1230522A1 - Vaporiseur-condenseur et installation de distillation d'air correspondante - Google Patents
Vaporiseur-condenseur et installation de distillation d'air correspondanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP1230522A1 EP1230522A1 EP00958698A EP00958698A EP1230522A1 EP 1230522 A1 EP1230522 A1 EP 1230522A1 EP 00958698 A EP00958698 A EP 00958698A EP 00958698 A EP00958698 A EP 00958698A EP 1230522 A1 EP1230522 A1 EP 1230522A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- vaporizer
- condenser
- exchanger body
- enclosure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
- F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
- F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0006—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the plate-like or laminated conduits being enclosed within a pressure vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/905—Column
Definitions
- Vaporizer-condenser and corresponding air distillation installation Vaporizer-condenser and corresponding air distillation installation.
- the present invention relates to a vaporizer-condenser of the bath type, comprising at least one heat exchanger body, having a multitude of flat passages for the counter-current circulation of two fluids, coming from one or more distillation columns, in the same direction, and at least one sealed enclosure for confining a fluid containing the or each heat exchanger body, the confinement enclosure comprising a central section of generally cylindrical shape along a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the central section of said or each confinement enclosure being substantially orthogonal to the direction of circulation against the current of the fluids in the flat passages of the corresponding heat exchanger body.
- substantially orthogonal' includes deviations of up to 30 °, or 20 °, preferably 10 ° from strict orthogonality. It is sometimes necessary to orient the vaporizer in order to facilitate the drainage of liquids.
- a vaporizer-condenser of this type is known from DE-A-1 152432 in which the confinement enclosure is delimited in part by the heat exchanger body, the liquid bath of the vaporizer being located exclusively outside the containment element.
- the invention applies in particular to double column air distillation installations, that is to say a medium pressure column thermally connected with a low pressure column, provided with vaporizers-condensers of the aforementioned type.
- the liquid oxygen which is in the bottom of the low pressure column is vaporized in the evaporator-condenser by heat exchange with the nitrogen gas taken off at the head of the medium pressure column.
- the temperature difference between oxygen and nitrogen made necessary by the structure of the vaporizer-condenser imposes the operating pressure of the medium pressure column. It is therefore desirable that this temperature difference be as small as possible, in order to minimize the expenses linked to the compression of the air to be treated injected into the medium pressure column.
- a first solution would be to increase the height of the heat exchanger body of the evaporator-condenser to increase the heat exchange surface.
- such an increase in height would induce a hydrostatic overpressure within the oxygen passages which would tend to increase the temperature difference and which would affect the proper functioning of the vaporizer-condenser.
- Another solution would be to multiply the number of passages dedicated to oxygen and nitrogen, for example by increasing the number of juxtaposed heat exchanger blocks which constitute the exchanger body and which operate in parallel within the vaporizer-condenser.
- the low pressure column overcomes the evaporator-condenser which itself overcomes the medium pressure column.
- the central section of the sealed enclosure of the vaporizer-condenser then consists of a ferrule with a vertical axis of revolution. This ferrule is preferably of the same diameter as the ferrules delimiting the medium pressure and low pressure columns.
- the object of the invention is to solve this problem by providing a vaporizer-condenser of the aforementioned type, which can operate with reduced temperature differences and which in particular makes it possible to produce air distillation installations with double column, relatively simple and relatively expensive to build.
- the subject of the invention is a vaporizer-condenser of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the enclosure is located outside any distillation column and is adapted to contain a bath of liquid to be vaporized.
- the vaporizer-condenser can include one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:
- a liquid bath can surround at least the lower part of the exchanger body and preferably is flush with the highest edge thereof;
- each heat exchanger body comprises several heat exchanger blocks juxtaposed along the longitudinal axis of the central section of the corresponding confinement enclosure;
- each heat exchanger body comprises fluid inlet and outlet fittings, these fittings communicate with the flat passages of said heat exchanger body and are assigned in pairs to a fluid, the fittings of each pair of inlet and outlet fittings assigned to the same fluid being arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal and median plane of said heat exchanger body;
- each of said heat exchanger bodies comprises at least one inlet manifold and one outlet manifold connected respectively to a pair of inlet and outlet fittings assigned to the same fluid;
- the outlet manifold (s) and the inlet manifold (s) are supported by the same region, in particular of longitudinal end, of the confinement enclosure correspondent;
- the central section has a general shape of revolution around its longitudinal axis and, preferably, the enclosure is cylindrical;
- each confinement enclosure is or is not delimited, at its central section, in part by the corresponding heat exchanger body;
- Said heat exchanger body comprises fittings for supplying and discharging fluids communicating with the flat passages of said heat exchanger body, and these fittings are arranged outside of said confinement enclosure;
- each heat exchanger body comprises fittings for supplying a gas communicating with passages of the heat exchanger body, and said heat exchanger body comprises means for introducing into these passages condensed gas present in said supply fittings;
- the flat passages of the or at least one body are oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the confinement enclosure.
- the vaporizer comprising at least two bodies, one having flat passages oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of its confinement enclosure and another having flat passages oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of its containment.
- the invention further relates to an air distillation installation characterized in that it comprises a vaporizer-condenser as defined above, and in that the longitudinal axis of the central section of said or each enclosure confinement of the vaporizer-condenser is substantially horizontal.
- 'Substantially horizontal' means 'horizontal or having deviations of up to 30 °, preferably 10 ° from horizontality'. Obviously the exchanger body inside the enclosure must remain horizontal for its operation to be ensured. According to variants:
- the installation comprises a medium pressure column, a low pressure column, the top nitrogen of the medium pressure column and the tank oxygen of the low pressure column being brought into heat exchange relationship by the vaporizer-condenser;
- At least part of the vaporizer-condenser is disposed at an intermediate level between those of the tank of the low pressure column and the head of the medium pressure column;
- the enclosure contains a liquid oxygen bath in which the body in use is submerged and - the installation includes a main heat exchange line to cool the air to be distilled, and the vaporizer-condenser overcomes the main line d heat exchange, the vaporizer-condenser and the main heat exchange line possibly having parallel axes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an air distillation installation according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic perspective views respectively illustrating the oxygen confinement chambers and the heat exchanger bodies of the vaporizer-condenser of the installation of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 4 is a schematic half-view in vertical cross section of the vaporizer-condenser of the installation of Figure 1 and in particular illustrating the structure of a nitrogen passage
- - Figure 5 is a schematic view in cross section vertical showing an oxygen passage from the vaporizer-condenser of the installation of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an air distillation installation 1 which essentially comprises:
- a double distillation column which comprises a medium pressure column 2, a low pressure column 3 and a vaporizer-condenser 4 of the bath type,
- the low pressure column 3 overcomes the medium pressure column 2.
- a vertical ferrule 10 keeps the head of the medium pressure column 2 spaced from the tank of the low pressure column 3.
- the main heat exchange line 5 comprises, in the example shown, five heat exchanger blocks 11. These heat exchanger blocks 11 are connected in parallel to the rest of the installation 1 but, for greater clarity, the connections of just one of these blocks were shown in Figure 1. The nature of these connections will appear more clearly during the description of the operation of the installation 1 which will be made later.
- the vaporizer-condenser 4 comprises two identical heat exchanger bodies 13 (FIG. 3) made of brazed aluminum and which are each arranged in a sealed and cylindrical enclosure 14 for oxygen confinement in stainless steel or aluminum ( Figure 2).
- a single heat exchanger body 13 and a single enclosure 14 for confining oxygen are visible in FIG. 1.
- a vaporizer-condenser according to the invention may comprise only one exchanger body and therefore a single confinement enclosure or at least three exchanger bodies, each having its own enclosure.
- Each body 13 has a height between 800 and 1400mm.
- the vaporizer-condenser 4 being symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane P, the trace of which is visible in FIG. 4, only half of the structure of this vaporizer-condenser 4 will be described below.
- a single heat exchanger body 13 and a single sealed enclosure 14 will therefore be described in the following.
- the heat exchanger body 13 has a generally elongated shape along a horizontal or substantially horizontal longitudinal axis X-X and comprises, in the example shown, five heat exchanger blocks 16 with similar brazed plates joined together.
- the five blocks 15 are substantially identical; their number is chosen according to the size of the vaporizer, thus facilitating sizing, because identical blocks will be mass produced. Thus there can be at least five or more than five blocks 15.
- the heat exchanger body 13 is symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal, vertical and median plane Q, the trace of which is visible in FIG. 4.
- Each heat exchanger block 16 comprises a stack of parallel brazed rectangular plates 17 which define two by two of the passages dedicated alternately to nitrogen and to oxygen.
- the spacing between the parallel plates 17 is provided by spacer waves which also perform the function of thermal fins.
- the flat passages of the blocks are oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the enclosure 14.
- a passage 18 dedicated to nitrogen is visible in FIG. 4.
- This passage 18, like all the passages 18 dedicated to nitrogen, is rectangular and includes a central main region 19 for heat exchange, two input distributor regions 20 and two outlet collecting regions 21.
- the main heat exchange region 19 comprises a spacer wave with vertical generators.
- Each inlet distributor region 20 is in the shape of a right triangle, arranged at an upper corner 22 of the passage 18 and comprises a spacer wave with horizontal generatrices.
- the two input distributing regions 20 meet at the median plane Q, the large bases of these regions 20 in a right triangle being horizontal.
- outlet collector regions 21 The structure and arrangement of the outlet collector regions 21 is similar to that of the inlet distributor regions 20, these regions 21 each being arranged at a lower corner 23 of the passage 18.
- the passage 18 is closed over its entire periphery by vertical and horizontal bars except on the one hand at the level of the small vertical bases 24 of the triangular inlet regions 20 and of the small vertical bases 25 of the triangular outlet regions 21, and of on the other hand, at the level of means for introducing liquid nitrogen which will be mentioned later.
- the small bases 24 and 25 of the inlet 20 and outlet 21 regions of the five heat exchanger blocks 16 form, on each side of the heat exchanger body 13, respectively a series of inlet windows and a series of windows nitrogen outlet aligned horizontally.
- Each series of inlet windows 24 is hermetically capped by an inlet box 28 of semicircular section, which extends along the five heat exchanger blocks 16.
- Each inlet box 28 is arranged in the vicinity of the upper corners 22 of the nitrogen passages 18 and has a height, according to the vertical, significantly higher than that of the small bases 24 of the input distributing regions 20.
- Each nitrogen passage 18 further comprises, near the lower edge of each box 28, means 30 for introducing into the passage 18 liquid nitrogen present in the bottom of the box 28.
- These means 30 are in the form, by example, of a triangular region, communicating with the bottom of the inlet box 28. Such a triangular region converges towards the plane Q and includes a spacer wave with oblique generaters inclined downward and inside the passage 18.
- such means 30 for introducing liquid nitrogen may not include a wave to guide the liquid nitrogen or be constituted by a bar regularly pierced with orifices.
- Each series of outlet windows 25 of the passages 18 dedicated to nitrogen is hermetically capped by an outlet box 32, of semicircular section with a radius smaller than that of the inlet boxes 28.
- Each outlet box 32 s' extends longitudinally along the five heat exchanger blocks 16.
- Each outlet box 32 is arranged in the vicinity of the lower corners 23 of the passages 18 dedicated to nitrogen and has a height, in the vertical, greater than that of the small bases 25 outlet collecting regions 21.
- Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a passage 34 of the heat exchanger body 13 dedicated to oxygen.
- a passage 34 like all the passages 34 dedicated to oxygen, comprises a single spacer wave 35 with vertical generators.
- This passage 34 is closed on its lateral sides by two vertical bars 36 and opens outwards at its upper 37 and lower 38 horizontal edges.
- the exchanger body 13 also comprises, at its front end (on the right in FIGS. 1 and 3) a manifold 39 for the entry of nitrogen gas, symmetrical with respect to the plane Q.
- This inlet manifold 39 comprises a straight and horizontal inlet duct 40, and two ducts outlet 41 bent and each connected to the front end of an inlet box 28.
- Each outlet box 32 comprises, at each heat exchanger block 16, a vertical sleeve 42 for connection.
- Two pipes 44 for collecting incondensable rare gases extend horizontally on either side of the heat exchanger body 13 along the latter.
- Each collection pipe 44 is located at an intermediate level between the inlet box 28 and the corresponding outlet box 32.
- These pipes 44 are connected to the upper ends of the sleeves 42 and open, at the front end of the heat exchanger body 13, into a pipe 45 which collects the outlet of incondensable rare gases.
- This outlet collector duct 45 is horizontal and symmetrical with respect to the plane Q.
- Cross pipes 46 bent are disposed under the heat exchanger body 13 and connect the lower ends of the sleeves 42 for connection to a pipe 48 collecting the longitudinal liquid nitrogen outlet and which extends substantially horizontally over the entire length of the heat exchanger body 13, symmetrically with respect to the plane Q.
- This outlet collecting pipe 48 like the inlet pipe 40 and the outlet collecting pipe 45, projects forwardly with respect to the heat exchanger body 13.
- the sealed enclosure 14 comprises a central section 50 of generally cylindrical shape, in the form of a metallic ferrule with an axis of revolution Y-Y.
- This ferrule 50 is closed in a sealed manner at its front end by a front partition 51 and, at its rear end by a rear partition 52.
- the partitions 51 and 52 are of concavity directed towards the interior of the enclosure 14.
- the enclosure 50 has, in its front partition 51, three circular passages arranged one below the other, respectively 54, 55 and 56 whose sections correspond respectively to those of the inlet duct 40 of the manifold 39 d ' nitrogen gas inlet, from duct 45 uncondensable rare gas outlet and line 48 for collecting liquid nitrogen outlet.
- Another passage 57 for supplying liquid oxygen is provided in this front partition 51 between passages 54 and 55.
- a passage 58 (FIG. 1) for withdrawing liquid oxygen is provided in the rear partition 52.
- a purge 59 is provided in the bottom of the central section 50 of the sealed enclosure 14.
- the heat exchanger body 13 is disposed in the sealed enclosure 14, their longitudinal axes X-X and Y-Y being parallel.
- the inlet pipe 40, the outlet manifold pipe 45 and the outlet collecting pipe 48 exit outside the sealed enclosure 14 respectively through the passages 54, 55 and 56.
- the two sealed enclosures 14 are arranged with their longitudinal axes Y-Y parallel and horizontal.
- the sealed enclosures 14 are connected symmetrically with respect to the plane P to a common pipe 60 for discharging gaseous oxygen, which extends above the sealed enclosures 14, parallel to their longitudinal axes Y-Y.
- the vaporizer-condenser 4 is placed next to the medium pressure 2 and low pressure 3 columns above the main heat exchange line 5, the height of which has been reduced in FIG. 1 to facilitate representation.
- the vaporizer-condenser 4 is supported by the heat exchange line 5 by means of spacers not shown.
- a part of the heat exchanger bodies 13 of the vaporizer-condenser 4 is disposed at an intermediate level between the tank of the low pressure column 3 and the head of the medium pressure column 2.
- the air to be distilled previously compressed by the compressor 6 and purified by the device 7, crosses the heat exchange line 5 while cooling down to the vicinity of its dew point. This cooling is provided in parallel by the heat exchanger blocks 11. Next, the cooled oxygen is injected into the tank of the medium pressure column 2.
- Nitrogen gas from the head of the medium pressure column 2 is introduced via the inlet manifolds 39 into the two inlet boxes 28 of each heat exchanger body 13. This gaseous nitrogen is distributed, by the distributor regions 20 uniformly over the entire width of the passages 18 dedicated to the nitrogen of this heat exchanger body 13. The nitrogen then flows vertically downwards into the regions 19 of the passages 18, gradually condensing. Liquid nitrogen possibly present in the bottom of the inlet boxes 28 is introduced into the regions 19 of the passages 18 by means of the introduction means 30. This liquid nitrogen then flows vertically downwards with the condensed nitrogen in regions 19.
- Liquid nitrogen is collected at the bottom of the regions 19 of the passages 18 via the outlet collecting regions 21 and then returned to the two outlet boxes 32.
- the noncondensable fraction contained in this nitrogen flow is sent via the pipes 44 of collection and the outlet collector conduit 45 to the outside atmosphere.
- the condensed nitrogen from the passages 18 is collected by the transverse lines 46 and by the outlet collecting line 48 and then returned to the head of the medium pressure column 2.
- Liquid oxygen coming from the tank of the low pressure column 3 is introduced into each oxygen confinement enclosure 14 via the passages 57 formed in their front partitions 51. This liquid oxygen forms a bath in each enclosure 14 which fills the majority of the interior volume of this sealed enclosure 14.
- the upper face of the corresponding heat exchanger body 13 is flush with the surface slightly above the liquid oxygen bath.
- Liquid oxygen from the bath circulates vertically upwards in the passages 34 of the heat exchanger body 13 considered by vaporizing against the current of the nitrogen circulating in the passages 18.
- the oxygen vaporized by each heat exchanger body 13 is then returned via the pipe 60 to the tank of the low pressure column 3.
- Lean liquid LP (almost pure nitrogen), taken from the top of the medium pressure column 2, is expanded in an expansion valve 62 and then injected at the top of the low pressure column 3. Impure nitrogen or " residual »NR, withdrawn from the top of the low pressure column 3, is heated to the crossing of the main heat exchange line 1 1.
- the purges 59 make it possible to evacuate the impurities which accumulate at the bottom of the oxygen containment enclosures 14.
- the structure of the vaporizer-condenser 4 and the position of the sealed enclosures 14 makes it possible to reach relatively large heat exchange surfaces by juxtaposition of heat exchanger blocks 16.
- vaporizer-condenser 4 Furthermore, the cost of such a vaporizer-condenser 4 is relatively reduced due to the relatively small diameter of the central sections 50 of the oxygen containment chambers 14 and the simplicity of the structure of these chambers 14. The size of the vaporizer-condenser 4 is also relatively small due to the small diameter of the central sections 50 of the enclosures 14. In addition, due to the position of the vaporizer-condenser 4, the circulation of the various fluids between the head of the medium column pressure 2 and the tank of the low pressure column 3 and the vaporizer-condenser 4 can be ensured by limiting the pumping means.
- the length and the floor area of the heat exchange line 5 are comparable to that of the vaporizer-condenser 4.
- the height of the medium pressure column 2, and therefore the height at which the vaporizer-condenser 4 must be positioned corresponds practically to the height of the main heat exchange line 5 plus the height necessary for the various connections of this line 5 with the rest of the installation 1
- the height of the support spacers of this vaporizer-condenser 4 is limited.
- the symmetry of the structure of the heat exchanger bodies 13 makes it possible to reduce the height of the inlet distributor 20 and outlet header 21 regions and therefore, at a given exchange height, to minimize the hydrostatic overpressure harmful to the '' obtaining a small temperature difference.
- the structure and the presence for each heat exchanger body 13 of the inlet manifold 39, single outlet manifold duct 45 and outlet collector pipe 48 make it possible to limit the number of these junctions. Indeed, it is only necessary to provide such junctions at the level of the inlet conduit 40 of the inlet manifold 39, of the outlet manifold conduit 45, and of the front end of the outlet manifold 48 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of the invention which differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 5 in particular by the following.
- a part 70 of the internal flank of the central section 50 of each enclosure 14 is constituted by a flank 71 of the corresponding heat exchanger body 13.
- the general cylindrical shape of the central sections 15 is therefore no longer of revolution.
- Each heat exchanger body 13 no longer has a symmetrical structure and comprises, for each passage 18 dedicated to nitrogen, a single triangular inlet distributing region 20 and a single triangular outlet collecting region 21 which each extend over the entire width of the passage 18 considered.
- a single inlet box 28 and a single outlet box 32 are connected to each heat exchanger body 13 on its side 71. These boxes 23 and 25 are located outside of the oxygen confinement enclosure 14 corresponding.
- the nitrogen gas is brought from the head of the medium pressure column 2 to the two inlet boxes 28 via a common inlet collecting pipe 73 and two series of transverse pipes 74.
- the collecting pipe d the inlet 73 is horizontal and symmetrical with respect to the plane P.
- Each series of pipes 74 comprises transverse pipes 74 regularly spaced from one another and supplying the same inlet box 28.
- an incondensable rare gas outlet collecting pipe 75 common to the two outlet boxes 32, extends horizontally and symmetrically with respect to the plane P.
- This outlet collecting pipe 75 is connected to each outlet box 32 by a series of transverse pipes 76 regularly spaced from one another.
- a line 77 for collecting the condensed liquid nitrogen outlet extends horizontally and symmetrically with respect to the plane P.
- This outlet collection pipe 77 is connected to each outlet box 32 by a series of transverse conduits 78 regularly spaced from each other.
- the condensed nitrogen is therefore returned to the head of the medium pressure column 2 via the outlet collecting pipe 77.
- the supply of liquid oxygen to each oxygen confinement enclosure 14 is ensured by a collecting pipe d 'inlet 80 disposed in the enclosure 14 considered parallel to the axis YY, and regularly pierced with distribution orifices.
- the withdrawal of liquid oxygen from each enclosure 14 is ensured by a series of transverse pipes 81 opening into the bottom of the enclosure 14 and by a horizontal outlet collecting pipe 82, symmetrical with respect to the plane P, and common to the two enclosures 14.
- each heat exchanger body 13 is located outside of the oxygen containment chambers 14 makes it possible to improve the safety of the vaporizer-condenser 4. It does not is then no longer necessary to take into account a possible failure of these connections to determine the thickness of the wall of the central body 50 of each enclosure 14 of oxygen confinement.
- the variant of FIG. 6 also makes it possible to simplify the structure of the heat exchanger bodies 13 and their connections to the rest of the installation 1. Furthermore, the inlet collecting pipe 80, the transverse pipes 81 and the common outlet collecting pipe 82 make it possible to ensure good circulation of liquid oxygen in the bath of each enclosure 14. It should be noted that such pipes may also be provided in the variant of FIGS. 1 to 5.
- FIGS 7 and 8 illustrate another variant of the invention which differs mainly from that of Figure 6 by the following.
- each outlet box 32 has a section covering three quarters of a circle and covers a lower corner 23 of the corresponding exchanger body 13.
- each passage 34 dedicated to oxygen has an inlet distributor region 87.
- This region 87 is in the shape of a right triangle, is arranged at the lower edge 38 of the passage 34 and extends over the entire width of this passage 34.
- the region 87 converges towards the side 71 of the heat exchanger body 13.
- the small base 88 of the inlet distributor region 87 is located at the side 89 of the heat exchanger body 13 opposite the side 71.
- the passage 34 is closed on its lateral sides by two vertical bars 36, except at the level of the small base 88 of the inlet distributor region 87, and by a horizontal bar 90 at the level of the lower edge 38 of the passage 34.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9910738A FR2797942B1 (fr) | 1999-08-24 | 1999-08-24 | Vaporiseur-condenseur et installation de distillation d'air correspondante |
FR9910738 | 1999-08-24 | ||
PCT/FR2000/002332 WO2001014808A1 (fr) | 1999-08-24 | 2000-08-17 | Vaporiseur-condenseur et installation de distillation d'air correspondante |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1230522A1 true EP1230522A1 (fr) | 2002-08-14 |
EP1230522B1 EP1230522B1 (fr) | 2005-04-06 |
Family
ID=9549305
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00958698A Expired - Lifetime EP1230522B1 (fr) | 1999-08-24 | 2000-08-17 | Vaporiseur-condenseur et installation de distillation d'air correspondante |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6543252B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1230522B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003507691A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1167927C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7013800A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60019328T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2797942B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001014808A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101929789A (zh) * | 2010-05-12 | 2010-12-29 | 李大仁 | 一种空气分离的方法 |
WO2017212147A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procédé de construction ou de modification d'un appareil d'échange de matière et/ou de chaleur |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2884436B1 (fr) * | 2005-04-13 | 2007-07-20 | Air Liquide | Colonne de distillation a dispositif pare-feu |
FR2963417B1 (fr) * | 2010-08-02 | 2014-03-28 | Air Liquide | Vaporiseur a tubes en forme de u |
US9429317B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 | 2016-08-30 | Edward Stock | Wastewater evaporation apparatus and method |
CN105980803A (zh) * | 2013-12-05 | 2016-09-28 | 林德股份公司 | 具有用于排放液相的收集通道的换热器 |
CA2941608C (fr) * | 2014-03-07 | 2021-10-12 | Conocophillips Company | Systeme echangeur de chaleur a separateur en ligne mono-cyclonique |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1152432B (de) * | 1962-04-21 | 1963-08-08 | Linde Eismasch Ag | Platten-Kondensator-Verdampfer, insbesondere fuer Gas- und Luftzerleger |
US3282334A (en) * | 1963-04-29 | 1966-11-01 | Trane Co | Heat exchanger |
DE1519599C3 (de) * | 1965-10-22 | 1975-11-06 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Rektifikationskolonne |
JPS49104435U (fr) * | 1972-12-22 | 1974-09-06 | ||
FR2456924A2 (fr) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-12-12 | Air Liquide | Ensemble d'echange thermique du genre echangeur de chaleur a plaques |
JPS6014146Y2 (ja) * | 1981-07-16 | 1985-05-07 | 日本酸素株式会社 | 横型コンデンサ |
SE469669B (sv) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-08-16 | Alfa Laval Thermal Ab | Foerdelningsmoenster hos plattvaermevaexlare |
JPH05223445A (ja) * | 1992-02-10 | 1993-08-31 | Nippon Sanso Kk | 空気液化分離方法及び装置 |
FR2718836B1 (fr) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-05-24 | Maurice Grenier | Echangeur de chaleur perfectionné à plaques brasées. |
DE4415747C2 (de) * | 1994-05-04 | 1996-04-25 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
FR2733823B1 (fr) * | 1995-05-04 | 1997-08-01 | Packinox Sa | Echangeur thermique a plaques |
-
1999
- 1999-08-24 FR FR9910738A patent/FR2797942B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-08-10 US US09/635,409 patent/US6543252B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-17 CN CNB008119228A patent/CN1167927C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-17 AU AU70138/00A patent/AU7013800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-17 EP EP00958698A patent/EP1230522B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-17 JP JP2001518638A patent/JP2003507691A/ja active Pending
- 2000-08-17 DE DE60019328T patent/DE60019328T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-17 WO PCT/FR2000/002332 patent/WO2001014808A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0114808A1 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101929789A (zh) * | 2010-05-12 | 2010-12-29 | 李大仁 | 一种空气分离的方法 |
CN101929789B (zh) * | 2010-05-12 | 2012-07-18 | 李大仁 | 一种空气分离的方法 |
WO2017212147A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procédé de construction ou de modification d'un appareil d'échange de matière et/ou de chaleur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003507691A (ja) | 2003-02-25 |
WO2001014808A1 (fr) | 2001-03-01 |
DE60019328D1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1230522B1 (fr) | 2005-04-06 |
US6543252B1 (en) | 2003-04-08 |
CN1167927C (zh) | 2004-09-22 |
CN1370264A (zh) | 2002-09-18 |
DE60019328T2 (de) | 2006-03-09 |
AU7013800A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
FR2797942A1 (fr) | 2001-03-02 |
FR2797942B1 (fr) | 2001-11-09 |
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