EP1230326B1 - Verfahren zur Verringerung des Gefrierpunktes eines Kerosin enthaltenden Turbinenbrennstoffs - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verringerung des Gefrierpunktes eines Kerosin enthaltenden Turbinenbrennstoffs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1230326B1
EP1230326B1 EP00974402A EP00974402A EP1230326B1 EP 1230326 B1 EP1230326 B1 EP 1230326B1 EP 00974402 A EP00974402 A EP 00974402A EP 00974402 A EP00974402 A EP 00974402A EP 1230326 B1 EP1230326 B1 EP 1230326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kerosine
blend
fraction
freezing point
range
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00974402A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1230326A1 (de
Inventor
Simon Christopher Peter Ashton
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition

Definitions

  • This invention relates to jet fuels, especially kerosine based fuels, with improved cold flow properties.
  • the final boiling point of the fractions of kerosine which are or can be used as jet fuels is governed by considerations of the freezing point of a given fraction.
  • Most jet fuels are straight-run distillates.
  • the composition of the crude feed being subjected to distillation determines the composition of the fraction boiling within the kerosine boiling range and hence the freezing point of the jet fuel.
  • GB 735134 further suggests that the addition of at least 5% by volume of C8 to C9 aromatic hydrocarbons to a major proportion of mineral oil boiling in the range of from 38 to 315°C produces fuel compositions suitable for air craft engines having a reduced tendency to plug the fuel filters at low temperatures.
  • jet fuels are uniquely likely to be exposed to very low temperatures, especially when flying at high altitudes or when they are on long-haul flights.
  • Other aspects affecting the freezing point of fuels include, flight time, altitude, ambient air temperature, airspeed, fuel pickup temperature, and airframe design which determines the heat transfer characteristics.
  • risk of freezing is also greatest at wing tips, where the highest surface to fuel volume ratio occurs. Under these conditions, the fuel is susceptible to deposition of wax crystals due to insufficiently low freezing points and consequently, may result in problems of pumpability with catastrophic consequences.
  • ASTM D2386 has laid down a relationship between the freezing point of jet fuel will still flow can vary from 1-10°C below the freezing point. Thus, this definition is believed to be insufficient, if it becomes necessary for the jets to operate at or near the freezing point.
  • the currently accepted standard according to DEF STAN 91-91/1 is for jet fuels to have a freezing point at or below -47°C, which is considered to be reasonable safe with respect to operational needs.
  • the only fuel containing up to 50% synthetic material and is approved by DEF STAN 91-91-3 is a jet fuel produced by Sasol. Whilst a number of other additives have been allowed, such as eg antioxidants, static dissipators, metal deactivators, lubricity improvers, icing inhibitors and thermal stability improvers, none has been approved hitherto for depressing the freezing point of such fuels.
  • HCCN catalytic cracking of heavy gas oil
  • the amount of the kerosine fraction in the jet fuel blend of the present invention is suitable greater than 75% by volume, preferably in the range from about 80-99%, more preferably from 85-95% by volume of the total blend comprising the kerosine fraction and the HCCN.
  • the HCCN is a relatively light fraction derived by catalytic cracking of the so-called gasoil fraction during the refining of petroleum crudes.
  • the catalytic cracking of the gasoil fraction to obtain HCCN can be carried out by any of the known conventional catalytic cracking methods. Such methods are well known in the art and are described in detail for instance by Keith Owen and Trevor Colley in "Automotive Fuels Reference Book", Second Edition, published by the society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, Warrendale, PA, USA (1995). Sepcifically reference is made to Chapter 3 of this textbook at pages 29-49, Chapter 16 at pages 419-469 and 865-890, the latter pages forming Appendix 12 which is a 'Glossary of Terms'.
  • the HCCN fraction is substantially unhydrorefined, ie it has not been subjected to hydrorefining.
  • the HCCN has an aromatic content suitably from 50-75% by volume and preferably from 60-75% by volume.
  • the amount of HCCN required to form such blends is preferably from 2.5 to 10% by volume of the total blend.
  • the freezing point of such a blend can be determined by a number of methods. This can be done, for instance, by detecting the cloud point of blend using optical sensors or by absorption of light through a sample of the blend. It can also be determined by monitoring the change in cooling rate of the blend as energy is absorbed in the formation of, or released in the dissolution of wax crystals.
  • the latter method can be carried out using a freeze point analyser (Models FPA-30, FPA-50 and FPA-70, marketed by Phase Technology Inc).
  • NIR near infra-red
  • Yet another method for determining freezing points is the so-called cold-filter plugging point method (hereafter "CFPP").
  • the filter flow of aviation fuels is measured at low temperatures across a stainless steel filter.
  • a sample is subjected to a programmed cooling cycle by water-cooled thermoelectric modules, while a pump maintains an oscillating flow at constant rate across the filter. Separated wax crystals cause an increase in pressure which is sensed electronically.
  • IP 16 Institute of Petroleum method
  • the freezing point of the jet fuel blend as determined by the IP 16 method has been found to be well below that of the kerosine fraction in the absence of the HCCN component.
  • a kerosine fraction without the HCCN component has a freezing point of -53.5°C.
  • HCCN alone has a freezing point of -42 to -45°C.
  • the same fraction when blended with 2.5% by volume of HCCN has a freezing point of -54°C
  • when blended with 5% by volume of HCCN has a freezing point of -54.5°C
  • 10% by volume of HCCN has a freezing point of-55°C.
  • these numbers do not appear significant, in respect of the general risk of waxes crystallising from fuels, these numbers are very significant and reduce the potential risk of blockage of filters and pumps by an order of magnitude.
  • a further feature of the present invention is that the HCCN used in the blends to depress the freezing point of jet fuels is substantially a natural component of the petroleum crudes from which the fuel itself is derived. Hence, there are no problems of compatibility problems nor indeed any of the problems associated with external additives.
  • the method of the present invention may comprise the addition any of the conventional additives used in such fuel compositions.
  • additives such as antioxidants, static dissipators, metal deactivators, lubricity improvers, fuel system icing inhibitors, thermal stability improvers, drag reducing agents, dyes may be added to the blend.
  • a kerosine fraction was taken as the base fuel and was blended with various amounts of HCCN and the various properties measured including the freezing points of the each of the two components and the blends thereof.
  • the freezing points were measured according to the standard Institute of Petroleum (IP16) technique.
  • Kerosine (%v/v) HCCN (% v/v) Amount of HCCN (% v/v) of the total blend with Kerosine 100 100 2.5 5.0 7.5 10 Aromatics (% v/v) 17.7 66.0 19.0 19.3 21.5 21.9 Olefins (% v/v) 0.4 3.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 Distillation IBP(°C) 147.5 83.4 150.2 151 151.1 149 End Point (°C) 243.1 230.0 242.3 240.9 241.0 242.9 Flash Point (°C) 43.0 38.5 42.0 41.5 41.0 41.0 Freeze Point(°C) -53.5 -44.5 -54.0 -54.5 -55.0 -55.0 KV 20 (mm/s) 3.74 - - - - - Density (15°C) 798.2 849.4 799.3 800.8 802.2 803.3

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Verfahren zum Herabsetzen des Gefrierpunkts eines Kerosindüsentreibstoffgemisches auf einen Wert unter -53,5°C, bei dem eine größere Menge einer im Bereich von 140° bis 250°C siedenden Kerosinfraktion mit 0,5 bis 15 Vol.% des Gesamtgemisches einer Naphthafraktion gemischt wird, die durch katalytisches Cracken von schwerem Gasöl ("HCCN") hergestellt worden ist, einen Destillationsbereich von T5 = 165°C bis T95 = 210°C und einen Aromatengehalt von mindestens 50 Vol.% hat, um ein Gemisch mit einem Gesamtaromatengehalt im Bereich von 15 bis 25 Vol.% und einem Gefrierpunkt unter demjenigen des Kerosins vor dem Mischen herzustellen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Kerosinfraktion, die die Hauptkomponente des Gemisches bildet, einen Siedebereich von T5 = 145°C bis T95 = 248°C hat.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Kerosinfraktion, die die Hauptkomponente des Gemisches bildet, einen Siedebereich von T5 = 150°C bis T95 = 245°C hat.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Menge der Kerosinfraktion in dem Düsentreibstoffgemisch im Bereich von 80 bis 99 Vol.% des Gesamtgemisches liegt, das die Kerosinfraktion und das HCCN umfasst.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die HCCN-Fraktion im Wesentlichen nicht hydroraffiniert ist und einen Siedebereich von T5 = 165°C bis T95 = 210°C hat.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem ein oder mehrere Additive ausgewählt aus Antioxidantien, Zerstreuungsmitteln für statische Ladung, Metalldeaktivatoren, Schmierfähigkeitsverbesserern, Treibstoffsystemvereisungsinhibitoren, Wärmebeständigkeitsverbesserern, Stirnwiderstandsverringerungsmitteln und/oder Farbstoffen zu dem Gemisch gegeben werden.
EP00974402A 1999-10-29 2000-10-17 Verfahren zur Verringerung des Gefrierpunktes eines Kerosin enthaltenden Turbinenbrennstoffs Expired - Lifetime EP1230326B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9925640 1999-10-29
GB9925640A GB2355725A (en) 1999-10-29 1999-10-29 Jet fuels with improved flow properties
PCT/EP2000/010186 WO2001032811A1 (en) 1999-10-29 2000-10-17 Jet fuels with improved flow properties

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1230326A1 EP1230326A1 (de) 2002-08-14
EP1230326B1 true EP1230326B1 (de) 2006-06-14

Family

ID=10863619

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EP00974402A Expired - Lifetime EP1230326B1 (de) 1999-10-29 2000-10-17 Verfahren zur Verringerung des Gefrierpunktes eines Kerosin enthaltenden Turbinenbrennstoffs

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1230326B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2003514066A (de)
AT (1) ATE329988T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2389079A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60028807D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2355725A (de)
WO (1) WO2001032811A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10260015B2 (en) 2015-07-20 2019-04-16 Uop Llc Fuel composition for GCI engines and method of production

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1927644A3 (de) * 2006-12-01 2008-09-24 C.E.-Technology Limited Flugzeugtreibstoffe auf basis synthetischer Kohlenwasserstoffe mit hohem Isoparaffinanteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Flugzeugtreibstoffen ausgehend von Alkoholen
JP5147549B2 (ja) * 2008-06-04 2013-02-20 コスモ石油株式会社 ディーゼルエンジン用燃料油組成物
JP5147550B2 (ja) * 2008-06-04 2013-02-20 コスモ石油株式会社 ディーゼルエンジン用燃料油組成物
JP5043754B2 (ja) * 2008-06-04 2012-10-10 コスモ石油株式会社 ディーゼルエンジン用燃料油組成物
JP5330935B2 (ja) 2009-08-31 2013-10-30 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 航空燃料油基材の製造方法及び航空燃料油組成物
JP5525786B2 (ja) 2009-08-31 2014-06-18 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 航空燃料油基材の製造方法及び航空燃料油組成物の製造方法
JP5530134B2 (ja) * 2009-08-31 2014-06-25 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 航空燃料油組成物
RU2546655C2 (ru) * 2009-10-14 2015-04-10 Пэлокс Лимитед Защита жидких топлив
JP5312646B2 (ja) * 2012-07-11 2013-10-09 コスモ石油株式会社 ディーゼルエンジン用燃料油組成物
JP5328973B2 (ja) * 2012-11-26 2013-10-30 コスモ石油株式会社 ディーゼルエンジン用燃料油組成物
JP5328974B2 (ja) * 2012-11-26 2013-10-30 コスモ石油株式会社 ディーゼルエンジン用燃料油組成物
JP6849504B2 (ja) * 2016-06-20 2021-03-24 出光興産株式会社 ジェット燃料輸送物の精製方法およびジェット燃料の製造方法
CN116286124B (zh) * 2023-04-04 2024-01-05 西南石油大学 一种天然气低温净化过程中脱除高凝点芳烃的系统及脱除高凝点芳烃的方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB735134A (en) * 1952-04-29 1955-08-17 Standard Oil Dev Co Improved fuels for internal combustion engines
US3111482A (en) * 1960-07-12 1963-11-19 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Production of jet fuel
GB8705839D0 (en) * 1987-03-12 1987-04-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel compositions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10260015B2 (en) 2015-07-20 2019-04-16 Uop Llc Fuel composition for GCI engines and method of production

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2389079A1 (en) 2001-05-10
DE60028807D1 (de) 2006-07-27
GB9925640D0 (en) 1999-12-29
WO2001032811A1 (en) 2001-05-10
GB2355725A (en) 2001-05-02
EP1230326A1 (de) 2002-08-14
ATE329988T1 (de) 2006-07-15
JP2003514066A (ja) 2003-04-15

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