EP1227908A1 - Method and device for producing reticular structures - Google Patents

Method and device for producing reticular structures

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Publication number
EP1227908A1
EP1227908A1 EP00958218A EP00958218A EP1227908A1 EP 1227908 A1 EP1227908 A1 EP 1227908A1 EP 00958218 A EP00958218 A EP 00958218A EP 00958218 A EP00958218 A EP 00958218A EP 1227908 A1 EP1227908 A1 EP 1227908A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
refractory
fire
refractory material
molten metal
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Granted
Application number
EP00958218A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1227908B1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Girlich
Jürgen SCHÄDLICH-STUBENRAUCH
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Mpore GmbH
M Pore GmbH
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Mpore GmbH
M Pore GmbH
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Publication of EP1227908A1 publication Critical patent/EP1227908A1/en
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Publication of EP1227908B1 publication Critical patent/EP1227908B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing reticular structures, especially made of metal, and to a device suited therefor. The aim of the invention is to simplify the production of reticular structures so that they can be automatically manufactured. The invention also seeks a method which permits the large scale manufacturing of reticular structures having large dimensions. To these ends, the following steps are used: (1) inserting a reticulated foam preliminary structure into a container that can be opened; (2) infiltrating this structure with a fire-resistant material; (3) hardening the material (4); taking out the hardened fire-resistant material from said container; (5) removing the foam pre-structure; (6) inserting the resulting preheated body into a heat-resistant container; (7) infiltrating the body with a molten metal, and; (8) taking out the resulting body after the molten metal has solidified and removing the fire-resistant material. The device is comprised of a fire-resistant container whose interior is larger than the fire-resistant preheated body.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von GitternetzstrukturenMethod and device for producing grid structures
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gittemetzstrukturen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von metallischen Gittemetzstrukturen, sowie eine dafür geeignete Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method for the production of grid mesh structures, in particular for the production of metallic grid mesh structures, and a device suitable therefor.
Retikuläre Strukturen aus Metall und anderen Materialien besitzen ein breites Anwendungsgebiet. Beispielsweise können diese Strukturen als Bauteile mit niedrigem Gewicht, Akkumulatorenplatten, elektrochemische Anoden und Kathoden, Filter für Fluide, Trennvorrichtungen für fluide Medien, Hitzeschilde und für zahlreiche weitere Anwendungen verwendet werden.Reticular structures made of metal and other materials have a wide range of applications. For example, these structures can be used as low weight components, battery plates, electrochemical anodes and cathodes, filters for fluids, separators for fluid media, heat shields and for numerous other applications.
Zur Herstellung derartiger Strukturen sind zahlreiche Verfahren bekannt, wobei jedoch im allgemeinen eine automatisierte Fertigung nur schwer möglich ist. Ursache hierfür ist, daß bei diesem Verfahren die retikulierten Schaum-körper mit Wachsplatten verklebt werden müssen. Es ist nicht oder nur schwer möglich, die Klebestellen automatisiert zu fertigen. Die Klebestellen sind jedoch unverzichtbar, da durch diese einerseits das Ausbrennen des Schaum-Vorkörpers erfolgt und andererseits durch die so entstehenden Verbindungsstellen die Schmelze in die Hohlräume des Schaum-Vorkörpers einfließt.Numerous methods are known for producing structures of this type, although in general automated production is difficult. The reason for this is that the reticulated foam body must be glued to wax plates with this method. It is not possible, or only with difficulty, to manufacture the gluing points automatically. However, the gluing points are indispensable, since on the one hand they burn out the foam preform and on the other hand the melt flows into the cavities of the foam preform through the resulting connection points.
US-Patent 3.616.841 , das als nächstliegender Stand der Technik betrachtet wird, offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines unlöslichen Schaummaterials mit einer vorbestimmten retikulierten Struktur. Dieses Verfahren umfaßt die Herstellung eines selbsttragenden retikulierten Polyurethanschaums; die Herstellung einer feuerfesten Masse, indem die Hohlräume des Polyurethanschaums mit einer wässerigen Gipssuspension gefüllt werden und diese Sus pension abbindet; das Erhitzen der feuerfesten Masse auf eine Temperatur von etwa 120 °C (250 °F) über einen Zeitraum von zwei Stunden; das Erzeugen von Hohlräumen in der feuerfesten Formmasse, indem die Temperatur der feuerfesten Formmasse auf 535 bis 815 °C (1000 bis 1500 °F) erhöht wird, um den gesamten Schaum zu verflüchtigen; das Einbringen einer geschmolzenen Substanz, die aus Metallen, Metallegierungen, Keramiken oder Cerment besteht, in die feuerfeste Formasse, wobei die Menge der Substanz ausreicht, um die Hohlräume zu füllen, die zuvor von der retikulierten Struktur eingenommen wurden; und das Verfestigen der geschmolzenen Substanz, in dem die Temperatur so verringert wird, daß sie unter dem Schmelzpunkt der Substanz liegt; und das Auswaschen des Materials, das die feuerfeste Formmasse bildet. Dieses Verfahren weist mehrere Nachteile auf.U.S. Patent 3,616,841, which is considered the closest prior art, discloses a method of making an insoluble foam material having a predetermined reticulated structure. This process involves the production of a self-supporting reticulated polyurethane foam; the production of a refractory mass by filling the cavities of the polyurethane foam with an aqueous gypsum suspension and this Sus pension binds; heating the refractory mass to a temperature of about 120 ° C (250 ° F) over a period of two hours; creating voids in the refractory molding material by raising the temperature of the refractory molding material to 535 to 815 ° C (1000 to 1500 ° F) to volatilize all of the foam; introducing a molten substance consisting of metals, metal alloys, ceramics or cerment into the refractory molding compound, the amount of the substance being sufficient to fill the cavities previously occupied by the reticulated structure; and solidifying the molten substance by lowering the temperature to be below the melting point of the substance; and washing out the material that forms the refractory molding compound. This method has several disadvantages.
Das Schmelzen der Substanz, die in die feuerfeste Formmasse eingebracht wird, erfordert insbesondere bei hochschmelzenden Metallen einen großen apparativen Aufwand oder ist technologisch gar nicht zu realisieren. Die Struktur des Schaumes wird durch die Anbindung der Schäume an die Wachsplatten bestimmt. Die Schaumstruktur bestimmt die technischen Parameter des Endproduktes, so daß die statistische Schwankungsbreite möglichst gering sein muß, um das Erreichen der technischen Parameter des Endproduktes zu gewährleisten. Überdies ist es notwendig, um die verzweigten Hohlräume der feuerfesten Formmasse mit einem geschmolzenen Metall zu füllen, die Formmasse auf Temperaturen zu erwärmen, die über der Schmelztemperatur der verwendeten Substanz liegen. Das führt dazu, daß das Metall nur sehr langsam erstarrt, wodurch das erstarrte Metall eine grobkörnige Gefügestruktur erhält, die eine geringere Festigkeit bedingt.The melting of the substance, which is introduced into the refractory molding compound, requires a great deal of equipment, particularly in the case of refractory metals, or cannot be achieved technologically. The structure of the foam is determined by the connection of the foams to the wax plates. The foam structure determines the technical parameters of the end product, so that the statistical fluctuation range must be as small as possible to ensure that the technical parameters of the end product are reached. Furthermore, in order to fill the branched cavities of the refractory molding compound with a molten metal, it is necessary to heat the molding compound to temperatures which are above the melting temperature of the substance used. As a result, the metal solidifies only very slowly, which gives the solidified metal a coarse-grained structure that requires less strength.
Zur Lösung dieses Problems schlägt US 3.616.841 verschiedene Kühlmethoden wie beispielsweise Besprühen mit Wasser oder Luft vor. Der Kühleffekt wird jedoch erheblich abgeschwächt, da die Formmasse den Wärmefluß behin- dert. Auch die Herstellung massiver Metallbereiche gemeinsam mit der Gitternetzstruktur ist mit dem Problem der sehr langsam erfolgenden Abkühlung verbunden. Die angegebenen Verfahrensschritte lassen eine gelenkte Erstarrung des Metalls, um eine lunkerfreie und feinkörnige Gefügestruktur zu erhalten, kaum bzw. nicht zu. Überdies führt die langsam verlaufende Erstarrung des Metalls zu langen Prozeßzeiten, die einer automatisierten Fertigung ebenfalls entgegenstehen.To solve this problem, US 3,616,841 proposes various cooling methods, such as spraying with water or air. The cooling effect is weakened considerably, however, since the molding compound hinders the heat flow changed. The production of massive metal areas together with the grid structure is associated with the problem of very slow cooling. The specified process steps hardly or not permit controlled solidification of the metal in order to obtain a void-free and fine-grained structure. In addition, the slow solidification of the metal leads to long process times, which also stand in the way of automated production.
Es ist daher Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Herstellung von Gittemetzstrukturen so zu vereinfachen, daß eine automatisierte Fertigung derartiger Strukturen möglich ist. Dabei steht die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zu finden, das die Herstellung von Gittemetzstrukturen mit großen Abmessungen in großen Stückzahlen erlaubt.It is therefore the aim of the present invention to simplify the manufacture of grid mesh structures in such a way that automated manufacture of such structures is possible. The task here is to find a process which allows the production of grid mesh structures with large dimensions in large numbers.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch ein Verfahren erreicht, das folgende Schritte umfaßt:According to the invention, this is achieved by a method which comprises the following steps:
(1) Einsetzen einer retikulierten Schaum-Vorstruktur in einen aufklappbaren Behälter;(1) inserting a reticulated foam pre-structure into a hinged container;
(2) Infiltrieren der Schaum-Vorstruktur mit einem feuerfesten Material;(2) infiltrating the foam pre-structure with a refractory material;
(3) Verfestigen des feuerfesten Materials;(3) solidifying the refractory;
(4) Entnahme des verfestigten feuerfesten Materials aus dem aufklappbaren Behälter;(4) removing the solidified refractory from the hinged container;
(5) Entfernen der Schaum-Vorstruktur aus dem feuerfesten Material;(5) removing the foam pre-structure from the refractory;
(6) Einsetzen des resultierenden, vorgewärmten Körpers in einen hitzebeständigen Behälter;(6) inserting the resulting preheated body into a heat-resistant container;
(7) Infiltrieren des Körpers mit einer Metallschmelze;(7) infiltrating the body with a molten metal;
(8) Entnahme des resultierenden Körpers nach dem Erstarren der Metallschmelze und Entfernen des feuerfesten Materials. Zusätzlich kann sich an Schritt (1) die Modifizierung der Oberfläche der Schaum-Vorstruktur anschließen. Vorzugsweise erfolgt dies durch Aufrauhen oder Strukturieren der Oberfläche der Schaum-Vorstruktur. Das Einfüllen der Metallschmelze in den hitzebeständigen Behälter (Schritt (7)) kann mittels Druckunterstützung oder Vakuumunterstützung erfolgen. Im Anschluß an Schritt (8) kann die erhaltene Gitternetzstruktur gereinigt und gegebenenfalls modifiziert werden, in dem die Gitternetzstruktur beispielsweise beschichtet wird.(8) Removal of the resulting body after solidification of the molten metal and removal of the refractory material. In addition, step (1) can be followed by modification of the surface of the foam pre-structure. This is preferably done by roughening or structuring the surface of the foam pre-structure. The metal melt can be filled into the heat-resistant container (step (7)) by means of pressure support or vacuum support. Following step (8), the grid structure obtained can be cleaned and, if necessary, modified by coating the grid structure, for example.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bietet mehrere Vorteile. Eine Verklebung der Schaum-Vorstruktur mit dem Eingußsystem und dem Eingußtrichter ist nicht mehr nötig. Dadurch wird der Material- und Zeitverbrauch bei der Herstellung der Gußform deutlich gesenkt. Des weiteren entfällt die Fehlerquelle, die mit dem unkontrollierbaren Klebevorgang verbunden ist, da große Bereiche der Schaum-Vorstruktur keine Anbindung zum Eingußsystem haben. Es wird nur die Menge an feuerfesten Material benötigt, die erforderlich ist, um die Gitternetzstruktur herzustellen. Die Schaum-Vorstruktur ragt nach der Entnahme aus dem Formbehälter aus der feuerfesten Formmasse heraus. Hierdurch läßt sich leicht kontrollieren, ob nach dem Verflüchtigen des Schaum-Vorkörpers alle Stege und Zellen eine hinreichend gute Anbindung nach außen haben, um einen vollständigen Abguß zu gewährleisten. Überdies bietet die Zugänglichkeit der Schaum-Vorstrukur von allen Seiten den Vorteil, daß die feuerfeste Form verzögerungsfrei aufgeheizt werden kann und daß der freie Zugang zu den Stegen und Zellen der Schaum-Vorstruktur eine beschleunigte Verflüchtigung der Schaum-Vorstruktur ermöglicht. Nach der Verflüchtigung kann ebenfalls sehr leicht kontrolliert werden, ob genügend Stege den Zugang der Metallschmelze zu der inneren Struktur, der „Negativform", aufrechterhalten. Da das feuerfeste Material vorgewärmt ist, bevor es in den feuerfesten Behälter eingelegt wird, erstarrt die Metallschmelze von außen, das heißt von der kälter gehaltenen Behälterwand, nach innen. Durch eine gezielte Temperaturführung des Behälters und des feuerfesten Materials kann eine lunkerfreie Erstarrung der Metallschmelze ermöglicht werden. Der feuerfeste Behälter weist mindestens eine Öffnung zum Eingießen der Metallschmelze in das feuerfeste Material auf. Vorzugsweise ist der Innenraum des Behälters größer als das feuerfeste, vorgewärmte Material. Zwischen der Behälterwand und dem Körper aus feuerfestem Material entsteht auf diese Weise ein frei wählbarer Zwischenraum, so daß eine beliebig geformte, massive Wandung an die Gitternetzstruktur angegossen werden kann. Diese Wandung steht in direktem Kontakt mit der Behälterwand, so daß die Erstarrungswärme aus dem Gießmetall direkt in die Behälterwand abgeführt werden kann und ein feinkörniges Gußgefüge entsteht. Überdies entsteht eine optimale Anbindung der Stege der Gitternetzstruktur an die massive Wandung.The method according to the invention offers several advantages. It is no longer necessary to glue the foam pre-structure to the pouring system and the pouring funnel. This significantly reduces the material and time used in the manufacture of the mold. Furthermore, the source of error associated with the uncontrollable gluing process is eliminated, since large areas of the foam pre-structure have no connection to the pouring system. Only the amount of refractory material needed to make the grid structure is required. The foam pre-structure protrudes from the fireproof molding compound after removal from the molding container. This makes it easy to check whether, after the foam pre-body has evaporated, all the webs and cells have a sufficiently good connection to the outside to ensure a complete cast. In addition, the accessibility of the foam pre-structure from all sides has the advantage that the refractory mold can be heated without delay and that free access to the webs and cells of the foam pre-structure enables accelerated volatilization of the foam pre-structure. After volatilization, it is also very easy to check whether sufficient webs maintain the molten metal's access to the internal structure, the "negative form". Since the refractory material is preheated before it is placed in the refractory container, the molten metal solidifies from the outside This means that the temperature of the container and the refractory material can be controlled by cooling the molten metal without voids. The refractory container has at least one opening for pouring the molten metal into the refractory material. The interior of the container is preferably larger than the refractory, preheated material. In this way, a freely selectable space is created between the container wall and the body made of refractory material, so that an arbitrarily shaped, massive wall can be cast onto the grid structure. This wall is in direct contact with the container wall, so that the heat of solidification from the cast metal can be dissipated directly into the container wall and a fine-grained casting structure is created. In addition, the webs of the grid structure are optimally connected to the solid wall.
Die durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unter Verwendung des feuerfesten Behälters erhaltenen Gittemetzstrukturen können in Gußteile integriert werden, die mit verschiedenen Gießverfahren wie beispielsweise Druckguß, Kokillenguß, Schleuderguß, Niederdruckguß oder Gegendruckguß hergestellt werden können. Auch die Gittemetzstrukturen selbst können mittels dieser Verfahren gegossen werden.The foundry mesh structures obtained by the process according to the invention using the refractory container can be integrated into castings which can be produced using various casting processes such as die casting, permanent mold casting, centrifugal casting, low pressure casting or counter pressure casting. The Gittemetz structures themselves can also be cast using these methods.
Das Verfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung von Gittemetzstrukturen unterschiedlichster Feinheit bezüglich der Stegstärken und Zellgrößen. Auch Kombinationen unterschiedlicher Zellgrößen und Stegstärken in einem Körper sind möglich.The process enables the production of grid mesh structures of various fineness in terms of web thickness and cell size. Combinations of different cell sizes and web thicknesses in one body are also possible.
Das Verfahren kann kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden, da auf die in den Verfahren des Standes der Technik notwendigen Wachsplatten zum Verkleben der Schaum-Vorstruktur verzichtet wird. Durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird demnach eine automatisierte Fertigung von Gittemetzstrukturen ermöglicht. Als Schaum-Vorstruktur kann jedes Material verwendet werden, das eine ausreichende Anzahl von Poren aufweist. Vorzugsweise ist dieses Material Polyurethanschaum. Als feuerfestes Material wird bevorzugt Gips eingesetzt. Die Metallschmelze besteht aus Metallen, Metallegierungen, Keramiken bzw. Metallkeramiken. Es kann jedoch jedes gießbare Material verwendet werden.The method can be carried out continuously, since the wax plates required for bonding the foam pre-structure in the prior art methods are dispensed with. The use of the method according to the invention accordingly enables automated production of grid mesh structures. Any material that has a sufficient number of pores can be used as the foam pre-structure. This material is preferably polyurethane foam. Gypsum is preferably used as the refractory material. The molten metal consists of metals, metal alloys, ceramics or metal ceramics. However, any castable material can be used.
Die durch dieErfindung erhaltenen metallischen Gittemetzstrukturen können beispielsweise als Katalysatoren, zur EMV-Abschirmung und in Batterien eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise wird für die Herstellung eines Katalysators zur Verbrennungsstabilisierung von Dieselkraftstoff eine Zn/Cu-Legierung als Metallschmelze verwendet, mit der das feuerfeste Material gefüllt wird. In Batterien können beispielsweise durch die Erfindung erhaltene Gittemetzstrukturen eingesetzt werden, die aus Aluminium bestehen, und die im Anschluß an Schritt (8) mit Blei beschichtet werden. The metallic grid mesh structures obtained by the invention can be used, for example, as catalysts, for EMC shielding and in batteries. For example, a Zn / Cu alloy is used as the metal melt for the production of a catalyst for stabilizing the combustion of diesel fuel, with which the refractory material is filled. Gittemetz structures obtained from the invention, which consist of aluminum and which are coated with lead after step (8), can be used in batteries, for example.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Gittemetzstrukturen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Schritte:1. Process for the production of metallic mesh structures, characterized in that it comprises the steps:
Einsetzen einer retikulierten Schaum-Vorstruktur in einen aufklappbaren Behälter;Inserting a reticulated foam pre-structure into a hinged container;
Infiltrieren der Schaum-Vorstruktur mit einem feuerfesten Material; Verfestigen des feuerfesten Materials;Infiltrating the foam pre-structure with a refractory material; Solidifying the refractory material;
Entnahme des verfestigten feuerfesten Materials aus dem aufklappbaren Behälter;Removal of the solidified refractory material from the hinged container;
Entfernen der Schaum-Vorstruktur aus dem feuerfesten Material; Einsetzen des resultierenden, vorgewärmten Körpers in einen hitzebeständigen Behälter;Removing the foam pre-structure from the refractory material; Inserting the resulting preheated body into a heat-resistant container;
Infiltrieren des Körpers mit einer Metallschmelze;Infiltrating the body with a molten metal;
Entnahme des resultierenden Körpers nach dem Erstarren der Metallschmelze aus dem hitzebeständigen Behälter und Entfernen des feuerfesten Materials umfaßt.Removal of the resulting body after solidification of the molten metal from the heat-resistant container and removal of the refractory material.
2. Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Gittemetzstrukturen nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es weiterhin die Modifizierung der Oberfläche der Schaum-Vorstruktur im Anschluß an das Einsetzen der retikulierten Schaum-Vorstruktur in den aufklappbaren Behälter umfaßt.2. A process for the production of metallic mesh structures according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the modification of the surface of the foam pre-structure following the insertion of the reticulated foam pre-structure in the hinged container.
3. Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Gittemetzstrukturen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächenmodifizierung durch Aufrauhung erfolgt. 3. A method for producing metallic mesh structures according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface modification is carried out by roughening.
4. Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Gittemetzstrukturen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächenmodifizierung durch Strukturieren erfolgt.4. A method for producing metallic grid mesh structures according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface modification is carried out by structuring.
5. Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Gittemetzstrukturen nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Anschluß an die Entnahme des resultierenden Körpers nach dem Erstarren der Metallschmelze aus dem hitzebeständigen Behälter und Entfernen des feuerfesten Materials die Oberfläche der Gitternetzstruktur modifiziert wird.5. A method for producing metallic mesh structures according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface of the mesh structure is modified following the removal of the resulting body after the metal melt has solidified from the heat-resistant container and the refractory material has been removed.
6. Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Gittemetzstrukturen nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche der Gitternetzstruktur durch Beschichten modifiziert wird.6. A method for producing metallic grid structures according to claim 6, characterized in that the surface of the grid structure is modified by coating.
7. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gittemetzstrukturen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus einem feuerfesten Behälter besteht, der mindestens eine Öffnung zum Eingießen der Metallschmelze aufweist und dessen Innenraum größer als der feuerfeste, vorgewärmte Körper ist. 7. Device for the production of mesh structures, characterized in that it consists of a refractory container which has at least one opening for pouring the molten metal and the interior of which is larger than the refractory, preheated body.
EP00958218A 1999-08-20 2000-08-04 Method for producing metallic reticular structures Expired - Lifetime EP1227908B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939155A DE19939155A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Production of metallic lattice network structure comprises inserting foam pre-structure into container, infiltrating with refractory material, and solidifying
DE19939155 1999-08-20
PCT/DE2000/002597 WO2001014086A1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-04 Method and device for producing reticular structures

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EP1227908A1 true EP1227908A1 (en) 2002-08-07
EP1227908B1 EP1227908B1 (en) 2003-10-29

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US (1) US6857461B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1227908B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003507192A (en)
AT (1) ATE252956T1 (en)
AU (1) AU6982700A (en)
CA (1) CA2381843C (en)
DE (2) DE19939155A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2209965T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2001014086A1 (en)

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WO2011144417A1 (en) 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Nv Bekaert Sa 3d porous material comprising machined side

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ES2209965T3 (en) 2004-07-01
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US20020088598A1 (en) 2002-07-11
US6857461B2 (en) 2005-02-22
CA2381843C (en) 2009-01-27
EP1227908B1 (en) 2003-10-29
DE50004277D1 (en) 2003-12-04
JP2003507192A (en) 2003-02-25
CA2381843A1 (en) 2001-03-01
AU6982700A (en) 2001-03-19
ATE252956T1 (en) 2003-11-15

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