EP0581170A1 - Gridmould to cast accumulator lead grids and method - Google Patents
Gridmould to cast accumulator lead grids and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0581170A1 EP0581170A1 EP93111610A EP93111610A EP0581170A1 EP 0581170 A1 EP0581170 A1 EP 0581170A1 EP 93111610 A EP93111610 A EP 93111610A EP 93111610 A EP93111610 A EP 93111610A EP 0581170 A1 EP0581170 A1 EP 0581170A1
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- metal oxide
- casting mold
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- mold according
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
- B22D25/04—Casting metal electric battery plates or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S164/00—Metal founding
- Y10S164/01—Battery
Definitions
- the invention relates to a grid mold for casting accumulator lead grids according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production.
- thermal insulation layer In order to produce accumulator lead grids in gravity casting, such grating molds made of steel and gray cast iron are generally used.
- the geometry of the lead mesh to be produced is introduced into the base body by machining with a certain addition for the thermal insulating layer to be applied by compressed air spraying, which consists of cork flours with grain sizes ⁇ 200 mesh, which are coated with a binder, e.g. Water glass or relatin are offset.
- the suspension of cork powder and binder is applied to the molded surface of the base body already provided with the casting profile using a spray device.
- the layer thickness of the thermal insulation layer is approx. 0.15 mm.
- the thermal insulation layer also fulfills the function of a mold release agent.
- the mold temperature control which is necessary in order to achieve the corresponding production parameters, takes place through cooling channels provided in the base body, through which a suitable fluid is passed.
- the casting mold is brought to the desired temperature level by means of additional heaters.
- the lead grid is then poured and after a certain time the mold is cooled by introducing a coolant into the cooling channels.
- the thermal insulation layer prevents the lead melt from solidifying too quickly.
- the reason for the wear of the mold coating material is the high thermal load due to the operating temperature of the mold and the melt temperature as well as the flow rate of the liquid lead alloy.
- the molds are made of two sheets of e.g. 30 to 50 mm thick. Cast iron with nodular graphite is also suitable as casting material or, for less demanding shapes, inexpensive and faster to obtain gray cast iron.
- a method for producing a device for casting lead grids for electrical battery plates is already known (DE 35 29 725 A1, DE 36 03 657 A1), which contains a ceramic material, the surface of which forms the casting mold and is in direct contact with the mold Form incoming melting material stands, the ceramic material has a high porosity and is produced by flame spraying.
- the flame-sprayed ceramic layer is adapted to the exact contour of the cast part by mechanical, material-removing processing.
- An intermediate layer located between the base body and the metal oxide layer serves to promote adhesion.
- a disadvantage of the known method is the lack of thermal insulation on the one hand and the need for mechanical reworking of the hard ceramic layer on the other hand.
- the invention aims to create a further lattice mold for casting accumulator lead grids in the gravity or die casting process, which serve as a carrier for active materials in lead-acid batteries.
- it is the object of the invention to create a lattice casting mold the thermal insulation layers of which do not have to be post-treated or renewed during the entire service life or period of use, nevertheless perfectly reproducible lead grids are to be produced during the entire service life of the casting mold, namely not significantly reduced casting cycle time.
- the use or aftertreatment with release agents should also be avoided in the lattice casting mold according to the invention.
- the metal oxide layers applied according to the invention by plasma spraying are characterized by high wear resistance and Dimensional stability.
- the high-temperature fiber ceramic layer underneath also prevents the heat contained in the lead melt from being dissipated too quickly, as a result of which the lead melt is kept liquid longer.
- the high-temperature fiber ceramic has the advantage that it can absorb the mechanical forces occurring during the subsequent application of the metal oxide layer by means of plasma spraying without the risk of deformation, so that the complementary lattice geometry introduced into the fiber ceramic layer is fully retained even when the metal oxide layer is sprayed on.
- the area around the mold surfaces of the casting mold is thus formed by a sandwich construction, the surface consisting of Al203 or Zr02 having the highest mechanical strength, while the subsequent ceramic fiber layer forms the actual casting geometry body, which ensures the highest thermal insulation with sufficient mechanical strength .
- the base body of the casting mold can consist of simple gray cast iron or globular graphite cast iron or steel, so that it has the necessary mechanical strength for receiving the mold guide elements, cooling channels, thermal sensors, ejectors, mold fastening elements, etc.
- Vent slots are provided in the molds which are customary today. Vent slots of this type can also be provided in the sandwich structure according to the invention.
- Porous structures in the metal oxide layer, but also in the fiber ceramic layer can be achieved, for example, by chemically removing certain oxides, metal particles or heat-stable organic compounds, which are added to the actual spray material or the fiber ceramic layer are.
- Porous layers can also be achieved by adding carbon particles in the form of graphite, which are then oxidized to CO2.
- the invention also relates to an accumulator grid produced using the casting mold according to the invention, which is characterized by particular dimensional stability and a surface which is particularly suitable for the purposes of an accumulator grid.
- the two plates 11, 12 of a casting mold according to the invention contain cooling channels 21 and heating means 22, by means of which the plates can each be brought to the temperature suitable for a specific stage of the casting process.
- the left plate 11 in the drawing is also provided with only schematically indicated ejectors and form fasteners 23, the right plate 12 in the drawing can be folded away from the plate 11 by a hinge (not shown) in order to be able to remove the finished lead grille from the mold .
- the structure on which the two plates 11, 12 are positioned exactly relative to one another is indicated at 26.
- Each plate 11, 12 consists of a gray cast iron base body 14 or 15.
- recesses 24 and 25 are provided, which extend over the entire casting area of the mold.
- High-temperature fiber ceramic layers 16, 17 are introduced into the recesses 24, 25 and fastened there in a suitable manner.
- the connecting surfaces between the base bodies 14, 15 on the one hand and the high-temperature fiber ceramic layers 16, 17 on the other hand are essentially flat.
- the thickness of the fiber ceramic layers 16, 17 is 10 mm.
- the casting profile 13 corresponding to the lead mesh to be produced is worked in, plus an addition for a subsequently applied metal oxide layer.
- An approximately 0.5 mm thick metal oxide layer 18 or 19 is then applied to the fiber ceramic layers 16, 17 by plasma spraying, which forms the molded surface provided with the casting profile 13.
- the fiber ceramic layer 16, 17 prevents the lead melt melted into the casting mold from cooling too quickly when it is being produced.
- the fiber ceramic layer is sufficiently strong to tolerate the plasma spraying of the metal oxide powder without deformation on the one hand and also to form a sufficiently solid base for the applied metal oxide layer.
- the fiber ceramic layer can be fastened to the gray cast iron base body 14, 15 either with a mechanical tensioning frame or by means of tensioning bolts or inserted and glued into the grooves provided in the base body. A combination of both methods is also possible.
- the surface structure of a grid produced according to the invention is particularly fine-grained and leads to a large contact area between the grid and the mass.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Eine Gittergießform zum Gießen von Akkumulator-Bleigittern weist zwei gegeneinander legbare Platten (11, 12) auf, in deren einander gegenüberliegenden Formflächen ein zum herzustellenden Bleigitter komplementäres Gießprofil (13) vorgesehen ist. Die Platten (11, 12) weisen außerdem einen Grundkörper (14, 15) auf, der auf der Profilseite mit einer thermischen Isolierschicht (16, 17) aus Hochtemperatur-Faserkeramik versehen ist, die auf der vom Grundkörper (14, 15) abgewandten Seite mit hochverschleißfestem Metalloxid (18, 19) beschichtet ist.A grid casting mold for casting accumulator lead grids has two plates (11, 12) which can be placed against one another, in the mutually opposite shaped surfaces of which a casting profile (13) is provided which is complementary to the lead grid to be produced. The plates (11, 12) also have a base body (14, 15), which is provided on the profile side with a thermal insulating layer (16, 17) made of high-temperature fiber ceramic, which on the side facing away from the base body (14, 15) is coated with highly wear-resistant metal oxide (18, 19).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gittergießform zum Gießen von Akkumulator-Bleigittern nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.The invention relates to a grid mold for casting accumulator lead grids according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its production.
Zur Herstellung von Akkumulator-Bleigittern im Schwerkraftguß werden im allgemeinen derartige Gittergießformen aus Stahl und Grauguß verwendet. Die Geometrie des herzustellenden Bleigitters wird durch spanabhebende Bearbeitung in die Grundkörper eingebracht mit einem gewissen Zuschlag für die im Druckluft-Spritzverfahren aufzubringende thermische Isolierschicht, welche aus Korkmehlen mit Korngrößen <200 mesh besteht, die mit einem Bindemittel, z.B. Wasserglas oder Relatin versetzt sind. Die Suspension von Korkmehl und Bindemittel wird mit einer Spritzeinrichtung auf die bereits mit dem Gießprofil versehene Formfläche des Grundkörpers aufgebracht. Die Schichtdicke der thermische Isolierschicht beträgt ca. 0,15 mm. Die thermische Isolierschicht erfüllt gleichzeitig die Funktion eines Formtrennmittels.In order to produce accumulator lead grids in gravity casting, such grating molds made of steel and gray cast iron are generally used. The geometry of the lead mesh to be produced is introduced into the base body by machining with a certain addition for the thermal insulating layer to be applied by compressed air spraying, which consists of cork flours with grain sizes <200 mesh, which are coated with a binder, e.g. Water glass or relatin are offset. The suspension of cork powder and binder is applied to the molded surface of the base body already provided with the casting profile using a spray device. The layer thickness of the thermal insulation layer is approx. 0.15 mm. The thermal insulation layer also fulfills the function of a mold release agent.
Die Formtemperierung, welche notwendig ist, um die entsprechenden Fertigungsparameter zu erreichen, erfolgt durch im Grundkörper vorgesehene Kühlkanäle, durch die ein geeignetes Fluid hindurchgeleitet wird. Zu Arbeitsbeginn wird die Gießform durch entsprechende Zusatzheizungen auf das gewünschte Temperaturniveau gebracht. Dann wird das Bleigitter gegossen, und nach einer gewissen Zeit wird die Form durch Einleiten eines Kühlmittels in die Kühlkanäle gekühlt.The mold temperature control, which is necessary in order to achieve the corresponding production parameters, takes place through cooling channels provided in the base body, through which a suitable fluid is passed. At the start of work, the casting mold is brought to the desired temperature level by means of additional heaters. The lead grid is then poured and after a certain time the mold is cooled by introducing a coolant into the cooling channels.
Die thermische Isolierschicht verhindert dabei eine zu schnelle Erstarrung der Bleischmelze.The thermal insulation layer prevents the lead melt from solidifying too quickly.
Ein Problem bei den bekannten Gittergießformen besteht darin, daß die Standzeit der aufgebrachten thermischen Isolierschicht begrenzt ist und daß durch kontinuierliche Abnutzung das Gewicht des hergestellten Bleigitters sich verändern kann. Dies erfordert auch je nach Produktart eine Nachbesserung der Isolierschicht oder sogar täglich eine Entfernung und einen völligen Neuaufbau derselben.There is a problem with the known lattice molds in that the service life of the applied thermal insulation layer is limited and that the weight of the lead grille produced can change due to continuous wear. Depending on the type of product, this also requires the insulation layer to be touched up or even removed daily and completely rebuilt.
Ursache für den Verschleiß des Formbeschichtungsmaterials ist die hohe thermische Belastung durch die Betriebstemperatur der Form und die Schmelzentemperatur sowie die Fließgeschwindigkeit der flüssigen Bleilegierung.The reason for the wear of the mold coating material is the high thermal load due to the operating temperature of the mold and the melt temperature as well as the flow rate of the liquid lead alloy.
Die Gießformen sind der Gittergeometrie entsprechend aus zwei Platten von z.B. 30 bis 50 mm Dicke aufgebaut. Als Gießformmaterial eignet sich auch Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit oder für weniger anspruchsvolle Formen der preisgünstige und schneller zu beschaffende Grauguß.The molds are made of two sheets of e.g. 30 to 50 mm thick. Cast iron with nodular graphite is also suitable as casting material or, for less demanding shapes, inexpensive and faster to obtain gray cast iron.
Es ist bereits ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Gießen von Bleigittern für elektrische Akkumulatorenplatten bekannt (DE 35 29 725 A1, DE 36 03 657 A1), die ein keramisches Material enthält, dessen Oberfläche die Gießform bildet und in direkter Berührung mit dem in die Form einlaufenden Schmelzgut steht, wobei das keramische Material ein hohe Porosität besitzt und durch Flammspritzen hergestellt ist. Die flammgespritzte Keramikschicht wird durch mechanisches, materialabtragendes Bearbeiten der exakten Kontur des Gießteils angepaßt. Eine zwischen dem Grundkörper und der Metalloxidschicht befindliche Zwischenschicht dient der Haftvermittlung. Nachteilig bei dem bekannten Verfahren ist einerseits das Fehlen einer thermischen Isolierung und zum anderen das Erfordernis einer mechanischen Nachbearbeitung der harten Keramikschicht.A method for producing a device for casting lead grids for electrical battery plates is already known (DE 35 29 725 A1, DE 36 03 657 A1), which contains a ceramic material, the surface of which forms the casting mold and is in direct contact with the mold Form incoming melting material stands, the ceramic material has a high porosity and is produced by flame spraying. The flame-sprayed ceramic layer is adapted to the exact contour of the cast part by mechanical, material-removing processing. An intermediate layer located between the base body and the metal oxide layer serves to promote adhesion. A disadvantage of the known method is the lack of thermal insulation on the one hand and the need for mechanical reworking of the hard ceramic layer on the other hand.
Weiter ist bereits eine Gießform aus zwei Formhälften zur Herstellung von Gitterplatten für Bleiakkumulatoren, die als Negativform in die jeweiligen Teile eines äußeren metallischen Formträgers eingesetzt sind, bekannt (EP 219 610 B1), wobei die Gießform aus einem hochporösen Vlies aus Mikrofasern gebildet ist. Diese vorbekannte hochporöse Faservlies-Form bedarf für den Metallguß keiner weiteren Oberflächenbehandlung mit einem Trennmittel oder Isoliermaterial. Die Mikrovließ-Formen sind nicht frei von Verschleiß; sie können jedoch schnell gegen ein neues Formenpaar ausgetauscht werden. Die Faservlies-Formen werden also bewußt so hergestellt, daß sie nur eine begrenzte Lebensdauer haben.Furthermore, a casting mold from two mold halves for the production of grid plates for lead accumulators, which are inserted as a negative mold in the respective parts of an outer metallic mold carrier, is already known (EP 219 610 B1), the casting mold being formed from a highly porous fleece made of microfibers. This previously known highly porous nonwoven form does not require any further surface treatment with a release agent or insulating material for metal casting. The micro fleece forms are not free from wear; however, they can quickly be exchanged for a new pair of shapes. The nonwoven forms are therefore deliberately manufactured in such a way that they only have a limited lifespan.
Die Erfindung will eine weitere Gittergießform zum Gießen von Akkumulator-Bleigittern im Schwerkraft- bzw. Druckgußverfahren schaffen, welche als Träger für aktive Massen bei Blei-Säure-Batterien dienen. Insbesondere ist es das Ziel der Erfindung, eine Gittergießform zu schaffen, deren thermische Isolationsschichten während der gesamten Lebens- bzw. Einsatzdauer nicht nachbehandelt oder erneuert werden müssen, wobei dennoch während der gesamten Lebensdauer der Gießform einwandfrei reproduzierbare Bleigitter hergestellt werden sollen, und zwar bei nicht wesentlich reduzierter Gießtaktzeit. Auch auf die Verwendung bzw. Nachbehandlung mit Trennmitteln soll bei der erfindungsgemäßen Gittergießform verzichtet werden.The invention aims to create a further lattice mold for casting accumulator lead grids in the gravity or die casting process, which serve as a carrier for active materials in lead-acid batteries. In particular, it is the object of the invention to create a lattice casting mold, the thermal insulation layers of which do not have to be post-treated or renewed during the entire service life or period of use, nevertheless perfectly reproducible lead grids are to be produced during the entire service life of the casting mold, namely not significantly reduced casting cycle time. The use or aftertreatment with release agents should also be avoided in the lattice casting mold according to the invention.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruchs 1 vorgesehen. Besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Gittergießform ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen 2 bis 11.To achieve this object, the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 are provided. Particularly advantageous developments of the lattice casting mold according to the invention result from claims 2 to 11.
Die erfindungsgemäß durch Plasmaspritzen aufgebrachten Metalloxidschichten, insbesondere aus Al₂0₃ oder Zr0₂, zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit und Formbeständigkeit aus. Die darunter befindliche Hochtemperatur-Faserkeramik-Schicht verhindert darüber hinaus eine zu schnelle Abführung der in der Bleischmelze enthaltenen Wärme, wodurch die Bleischmelze länger flüssig gehalten wird. Die Hochtemperatur-Faserkeramik hat den Vorteil, daß sie die beim anschließenden Aufbringen der Metalloxidschicht mittels Plasmaspritzen auftretenden mechanischen Kräfte ohne die Gefahr einer Verformung aufnehmen kann, so daß die in die Faserkeramikschicht eingebrachte komplementäre Gittergeometrie auch beim Aufspritzen der Metalloxidschicht voll erhalten bleibt.The metal oxide layers applied according to the invention by plasma spraying, in particular made of Al₂0₃ or Zr0₂, are characterized by high wear resistance and Dimensional stability. The high-temperature fiber ceramic layer underneath also prevents the heat contained in the lead melt from being dissipated too quickly, as a result of which the lead melt is kept liquid longer. The high-temperature fiber ceramic has the advantage that it can absorb the mechanical forces occurring during the subsequent application of the metal oxide layer by means of plasma spraying without the risk of deformation, so that the complementary lattice geometry introduced into the fiber ceramic layer is fully retained even when the metal oxide layer is sprayed on.
Erfindungsgemäß wird also der Bereich um die Formflächen der Gießform herum durch eine Sandwich-Bauweise gebildet, wobei die aus Al₂0₃ bzw. Zr0₂ bestehende Oberfläche höchste mechanische Festigkeit aufweist, während die anschließende Faserkeramikschicht den eigentlichen Gießgeometriekörper bildet, der höchste thermische Isolierung bei ausreichender mechanischer Festigkeit gewährleistet. Der Grundkörper der Gießform kann aus einfachem Grauguß oder globularem Graphitguß oder Stahl bestehen, so daß er die erforderliche mechanische Festigkeit zur Aufnahme der Formführungselemente, Kühlkanäle, Thermofühler, Auswerfer, Formbefestigungselemente usw. aufweist.According to the invention, the area around the mold surfaces of the casting mold is thus formed by a sandwich construction, the surface consisting of Al₂0₃ or Zr0₂ having the highest mechanical strength, while the subsequent ceramic fiber layer forms the actual casting geometry body, which ensures the highest thermal insulation with sufficient mechanical strength . The base body of the casting mold can consist of simple gray cast iron or globular graphite cast iron or steel, so that it has the necessary mechanical strength for receiving the mold guide elements, cooling channels, thermal sensors, ejectors, mold fastening elements, etc.
Für die Gewährleistung eines gleichmäßigen Füllvorganges sind bei heute üblichen Gießformen Entlüftungsschlitze vorgesehen. Auch bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Sandwichaufbau können derartige Entlüftungsschlitze vorgesehen sein.In order to ensure a uniform filling process, ventilation slots are provided in the molds which are customary today. Vent slots of this type can also be provided in the sandwich structure according to the invention.
Poröse Strukturen in der Metalloxidschicht, aber auch der Faserkeramikschicht können z.B. durch chemisches Herauslösen von bestimmten Oxiden, Metallpartikeln oder wärmestabilen organischen Verbindungen erzielt werden, die dem eigentlichen Spritzwerkstoff bzw. der Faserkeramikschicht zugesetzt sind. In Frage kämen hier z.B. in verdünnter Säure leicht lösliche Oxide, z.B. MgO, oder Metallpartikel oder in organischen Lösungsmitteln leicht lösliche sonst wärmebeständige organische Verbindungen. Auch durch eine Zugabe von Kohlenstoffpartikeln in Form von Graphit, welche anschließend zu CO₂ oxidiert werden, können poröse Schichten erzielt werden.Porous structures in the metal oxide layer, but also in the fiber ceramic layer, can be achieved, for example, by chemically removing certain oxides, metal particles or heat-stable organic compounds, which are added to the actual spray material or the fiber ceramic layer are. For example, oxides that are easily soluble in dilute acid, for example MgO, or metal particles or otherwise heat-resistant organic compounds that are readily soluble in organic solvents. Porous layers can also be achieved by adding carbon particles in the form of graphite, which are then oxidized to CO₂.
Bevorzugte Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Gießform sind durch die Ansprüche 12 bis 16 gekennzeichnet.Preferred processes for producing the casting mold according to the invention are characterized by
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist außerdem ein mit der erfindungsgemäßen Gießform hergestelltes Akkumulatorgitter, welches sich durch besondere Formbeständigkeit und eine für die Zwecke eines Akkumulatorgitters besonders geeignete Oberfläche auszeichnet.The invention also relates to an accumulator grid produced using the casting mold according to the invention, which is characterized by particular dimensional stability and a surface which is particularly suitable for the purposes of an accumulator grid.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden beispielsweise anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben, deren einzige Figur einen schematischen Schnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Gittergießform zeigt.The invention is described below, for example with reference to the drawing, the only figure of which shows a schematic section of a lattice mold according to the invention.
Nach der Zeichnung enthalten die beiden Platten 11, 12 einer erfindungsgemäßen Gießform Kühlkanäle 21 und Heizmittel 22, mittels deren die Platten jeweils auf die für ein bestimmtes Stadium des Gießvorganges geeignete Temperatur gebracht werden können.According to the drawing, the two
Während die in der Zeichnung linke Platte 11 außerdem mit nur schematisch angedeuteten Auswerfern und Formbefestigungen 23 versehen ist, kann die in der Zeichnung rechte Platte 12 um ein nicht dargestelltes Scharnier von der Platte 11 weggeklappt werden, um das fertige Bleigitter aus der Form entnehmen zu können. Die Struktur, an der beide Platten 11, 12 exakt relativ zueinander positioniert sind, ist bei 26 angedeutet.While the
Jede Platte 11, 12 besteht aus einem Grauguß-Grundkörper 14 bzw. 15. In den einander zugekehrten Oberflächen der Grundkörper 14, 15 sind Ausnehmungen 24 bzw. 25 vorgesehen, die sich über den gesamten Gießbereich der Form erstrecken. In die Ausnehmungen 24, 25 sind Hochtemperatur-Faserkeramik-Schichten 16, 17 eingebracht und dort in geeigneter Weise befestigt. Die Verbindungsflächen zwischen den Grundkörpern 14, 15 einerseits und den Hochtemperatur-Faserkeramik-Schichten 16, 17 andererseits sind im wesentlichen eben ausgebildet. Die Dicke der Faserkeramikschichten 16, 17 liegt bei 10 mm.Each
In die einander zugekehrten Oberflächen der Faserkeramikschichten 16, 17 ist das dem herzustellenden Bleigitter entsprechende Gießprofil 13 zuzüglich eines Zuschlages für eine anschließend aufzubringende Metalloxidschicht eingearbeitet.In the mutually facing surfaces of the fiber
Anschließend wird dann durch Plasmaspritzen auf die Faserkeramikschichten 16, 17 eine etwa 0,5 mm starke Metalloxidschicht 18 bzw. 19 aufgebracht, welche die mit dem Gießprofil 13 versehene Formfläche bildet.An approximately 0.5 mm thick
Während die insbesondere aus Al₂0₃ oder Zr0₂ bestehende Metalloxidschicht 18, 19 für eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit und Formbeständigkeit des Gießprofils sorgt, verhindert die Faserkeramikschicht 16, 17 ein zu schnelles Abkühlen der beim Herstellen des Bleigitters in die Gießform eingefüllten Bleischmelze. Außerdem ist die Faserkeramikschicht ausreichend fest, um einerseits das Plasma-Aufspritzen des Metalloxidpulvers ohne Verformung zu vertragen und außerdem eine ausreichend feste Unterlage für die aufgebrachte Metalloxidschicht zu bilden.While the
Die Faserkeramikschicht kann auf den Grauguß-Grundkörper 14, 15 entweder mit einem mechanischen Spannrahmen oder mittels Spannbolzen befestigt bzw. in vorgesehenen Nuten im Grundkörper eingeschoben und eingeklebt werden. Auch eine Kombination beider Verfahren kommt in Betracht.The fiber ceramic layer can be fastened to the gray cast
Die Oberflächenstruktur eines erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Gitters ist besonders feinkörnig und führt zu einer großen Kontaktfläche zwischen Gitter und Masse.The surface structure of a grid produced according to the invention is particularly fine-grained and leads to a large contact area between the grid and the mass.
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4224078A DE4224078A1 (en) | 1992-07-21 | 1992-07-21 | Lattice mold for casting accumulator lead grids and process for their production |
DE4224078 | 1992-07-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0581170A1 true EP0581170A1 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
Family
ID=6463775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93111610A Withdrawn EP0581170A1 (en) | 1992-07-21 | 1993-07-20 | Gridmould to cast accumulator lead grids and method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5415219A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0581170A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4224078A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA935258B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7066234B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2006-06-27 | Alcove Surfaces Gmbh | Stamping tool, casting mold and methods for structuring a surface of a work piece |
US6759069B2 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2004-07-06 | Robin S. Gray | Food condiment, composition, method of molding, and method of using |
US6701998B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2004-03-09 | Water Gremlin Company | Multiple casting apparatus and method |
US8701743B2 (en) * | 2004-01-02 | 2014-04-22 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts and associated systems and methods |
EP2425478B1 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2018-10-31 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
DE102009033402A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-27 | Lahnwerk Gmbh | Mold insert for a casting core and / or a casting mold and casting core and / or casting mold with a mold insert |
WO2011090946A1 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-28 | Water Gremlin Company | Mold assemblies including removable inserts and associated methods of use and manufacture |
DE102011078066A1 (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-27 | Oskar Frech Gmbh + Co. Kg | Casting component and method for applying a corrosion protection layer |
US9748551B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2017-08-29 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US10434568B2 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2019-10-08 | Loukus Technologies, Inc. | Thermal isolation spray for casting articles |
DE102013019309B4 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2014-07-24 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Method for casting open-pored cellular metal parts |
US9954214B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-24 | Water Gremlin Company | Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts |
BR112020021221A2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2021-07-27 | Water Gremlin Company | battery part, method for making a battery part, and system for making a battery part |
DE102020210913A1 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | Oskar Frech Gmbh + Co. Kg | Casting component with anti-corrosion layer structure |
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JPS55141351A (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-05 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Molding metal mold |
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EP0212157A2 (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-03-04 | VARTA Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Device for casting lead grids for electric storage plates and method for producing the same |
EP0219610A2 (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-04-29 | VARTA Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Mould for producing grid plates for lead accumulators |
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DE3529725A1 (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-03-05 | Varta Batterie | Apparatus for casting lead grids for electric accumulator plates and a method for their manufacture |
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IT1250214B (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1995-04-03 | TITANIUM NITRIDE COATING FOR PISTON SHELLS. |
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- 1992-07-21 DE DE4224078A patent/DE4224078A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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1993
- 1993-07-20 US US08/094,601 patent/US5415219A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-20 EP EP93111610A patent/EP0581170A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-07-21 ZA ZA935258A patent/ZA935258B/en unknown
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JPS55141351A (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1980-11-05 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Molding metal mold |
GB2063738A (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1981-06-10 | Shin Kobe Electric Machinery | Metal mould for lead alloy casting |
EP0065996A1 (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1982-12-08 | Rosenthal Technik AG | Ceramic lining for metal moulds and method of making the same |
EP0212157A2 (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1987-03-04 | VARTA Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Device for casting lead grids for electric storage plates and method for producing the same |
EP0219610A2 (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-04-29 | VARTA Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Mould for producing grid plates for lead accumulators |
DE3603657A1 (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1987-10-01 | Varta Batterie | Method for the production of a casting mould for battery grids |
DE3806987A1 (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1989-09-14 | Thyssen Industrie | Method for the production of castings by the lost-wax method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5415219A (en) | 1995-05-16 |
DE4224078A1 (en) | 1994-01-27 |
ZA935258B (en) | 1994-04-26 |
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