EP1227216A1 - Drill string for transmitting information - Google Patents

Drill string for transmitting information Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1227216A1
EP1227216A1 EP02290127A EP02290127A EP1227216A1 EP 1227216 A1 EP1227216 A1 EP 1227216A1 EP 02290127 A EP02290127 A EP 02290127A EP 02290127 A EP02290127 A EP 02290127A EP 1227216 A1 EP1227216 A1 EP 1227216A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill string
electrical
electrode
mud
rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02290127A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Giovanni Aiello
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Original Assignee
Compagnie du Sol SARL
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Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie du Sol SARL filed Critical Compagnie du Sol SARL
Publication of EP1227216A1 publication Critical patent/EP1227216A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/003—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings with electrically conducting or insulating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drill string equipped with information transmission means.
  • a drill string is shown formed by the rod 10a constituting the lower rod, the rod 10b constituting the upper rod and intermediate rods.
  • a drilling tool 12 is attached at the lower end of the rod 10a and includes measurement sensors 14.
  • the internal face 16 of the rods 10 is coated with a layer of material insulator 18 over the entire length of the drill string.
  • the train rods is of course arranged inside the well being drilled 20 which is filled with an electrically conductive drilling mud 22.
  • the insulating layer 16 constitutes a closed current loop consisting firstly in drilling mud 30 filling the inside of the rods 10 and on the other hand by the assembly constituted by the same wall of the rods 10 and by the mud 32 outside the rods 10.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a drill string of the type mentioned above which is equipped with means for transmission of information between the bottom of the well in which is located equipment and ground surface, which improve transmission of this information, especially regarding the interface between the transmitter and receiver and the mud used for the transmission of information.
  • the drill string is characterized in that said first electrical assembly comprises at least one first annular electrode secured to the insulating internal face of the drill string, said electrode being in electrical contact with the mud contained in the drill string; and means for applying to said electrode a voltage representative of said information to be transmitted.
  • the information to be transmitted is applied as a voltage to the emitting annular electrode arranged at the lower end of the drill string.
  • This tension by relative to mass, induces a current in the closed current loop defined above, this current being modulated as a function of the information to be transmitted.
  • Reception, at the upper end of the train of rods, can be produced, as in the state of the art mentioned, by an electromagnetic coupling coil placed inside the drill string, this coil surrounding the mud contained in the drill string rods, mud in which the current flows.
  • a second solution in accordance with the invention consists in have, on the insulating internal face of a rod arranged near the upper end of the drill string, two conductive electrodes axially offset. The difference in potential that appears between these two electrodes is created by the current flowing in the loop current. This potential difference is therefore itself modulated like current, based on information received.
  • the electrical assembly arranged at the bottom of the rod train and the electrical assembly arranged at the upper end of the drill string can both be consisting of two conductive electrodes mounted inside the insulating internal face of the rods.
  • one of the electrodes can serve as a transmitter for the transmission of information and alternatively two electrodes can serve as receivers of information to pass.
  • FIG 2 there is shown in a simplified manner the borehole 40 in progress.
  • the drill string with, more particularly, the lower rod T I on which is mounted the drilling tool, not shown in the figure, and the upper rod T S.
  • Intermediate rods are of course interposed between these two end rods.
  • Each rod is constituted by a conductive metal wall 42 on the internal face of which an insulating layer 44 is produced.
  • borehole 40 is filled with mud more or less conductive of the electricity which fills in particular the interior 46 of the drill string as well as the annular space 48 between the drill string and the wall of the borehole 40.
  • a closed conductive loop is thus produced constituted on the one hand by the mud in the internal zone 46 and, on the other hand, by the conductive wall 42 and the mud in the external annular space 48.
  • These two branches of the electrical conductor circuit are separated by the insulating layer 44 and are connected at their lower ends by the tool itself and superior by suitable means.
  • 40F the bottom of the borehole and 40S the upper end drilling close to the surface of soil S.
  • the lower electrical assembly consists of an electrode, preferably annular 50, which is fixed by any suitable means to the insulating wall 44 of the rod T I.
  • This electrode is directly in electrical contact with the mud contained inside 46 of the drill string.
  • this electrode is placed at a sufficient distance from the drilling tool.
  • an electromagnetic coupling coil 52 at the upper end of the drill string. It is understood that, for the transmission of information from the bottom of the borehole near the tool to the upper part of the borehole, that is to say towards the surface of the ground, a modulated electric voltage corresponding to the information to be transmitted is applied to the electrode 50. This electric voltage creates in the zone 46 a modulated electric current which circulates according to the current loop defined above.
  • This current crosses in particular the zone surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 52.
  • the circulation of this modulated current creates at the terminals of the coil 52 an electric voltage which is representative of the information emitted by the electrode 50. It is understood that s overcomes the problems mentioned above with regard to the emission corresponding to the poor electromagnetic coupling between the current loop and the coil provided in the prior art for the transmission of information. On the other hand, this poor quality coupling is less unfavorable as regards reception by the electromagnetic coil 52.
  • a second annular electrode 54 fixed to the insulating wall 44 of this rod.
  • the electrode 54 is axially offset by a distance d with respect to the emitting electrode 50.
  • an alternating current is applied to the coil 52, the latter induces in the mud zone 46 a current having the same modulation which flows in the current loop defined above.
  • the circulation of this current creates between the electrodes 50 and 54 a potential difference which can be collected and which has the same modulation as the current initially applied to the coil 52.
  • the electrodes 50 and 54 fixed on the insulating wall 44 of the conductive wall 42 of the drill pipe. It is possible, in the wall 42 of the rod, or in a insert on the rod, define by any suitable means a cavity or the like 56 substantially opposite the electrode 50. In this cavity 56, a number of electrical components are mounted or electronic reference 58. These components are connected by electrical conductors 60 and 62 to electrodes 50 and 54. These components 58 are also connected by sets of conductors electrical 64 and 66, on the one hand, to the sensors arranged in the tool and, on the other hand, possibly to activators also mounted in this tool.
  • circuits 58 receive the coded information to be transmitted and develop the corresponding electrical voltage to apply it to the emission electrode 50 and thus inject a modulated current into the closed conductive loop.
  • the circuits 58 are connected simultaneously with electrodes 50 and 54.
  • the circuits 58 include means for measuring the potential difference between the voltages collected by electrodes 50 and 54. This difference in potential including the modulations correspond to the information received can be coded or transform appropriately by circuits 58 to be transmitted to activators of the tool via the electrical connection 66.
  • FIG 4 there is shown the upper part of the train rods with the rod Ts provided with its coil 52, a standard rod T which is engaged in the drilling head 80 used to control the setting in rotation of the drill string and the descent of this drill string.
  • a rotating collector 84 is provided which surrounds the rod T and which is electrically connected to the processing unit 84.
  • the assembly lower electric referenced 70 consists essentially of electrodes 50 and 54 as already described in connection with FIG. 2 and 3.
  • the upper electrical assembly referenced 72 which is disposed at proximity to the ground surface is also formed by two electrodes annulars 74 and 76 substantially identical to electrodes 50 and 54 and fixed on the insulating coating 44 of the upper drill rods Ts.
  • the electrode 74 will be used alone for the transmission of information from the surface as the emission electrode 50 is used.
  • we use the electrodes 74 and 76 for receiving information sent from the bottom of the borehole.
  • the difference in modulated potential collected between these two electrodes and created by the circulation of the modulated current produced by the emitting electrode of the lower electrical assembly 70 constitutes the information received which is of course representative of the information sent by the lower electrical assembly 70.
  • the annular electrodes are shown projecting with respect to the insulating layer 44.
  • the insulating layer 44 has a thickness sufficient for the inner face to have electrodes flush with the inner face of the insulating layer.
  • the thickness of the portion of insulating layer between the electrode and the wall of the rod must be sufficient to achieve the desired electrical insulation. This avoids the creation of pressure drops in the rod.
  • the annular electrode is made with a material that conducts electricity well, for example brass, the internal surface of which has been treated, for example by nitriding, to give this surface sufficient hardness allowing it to resist the abrasive effect of the liquid circulating in the rod.
  • a material that conducts electricity well for example brass, the internal surface of which has been treated, for example by nitriding, to give this surface sufficient hardness allowing it to resist the abrasive effect of the liquid circulating in the rod.
  • the width I of the electrodes in the direction of the axis of the rod is greater than or equal to 2D, D being the internal diameter of the pipe.
  • the distance d between the two electrodes is as large as possible.
  • this distance is limited since it is necessary, for obvious practical reasons, for the two electrodes to be mounted on the same rod of the rod train. This distance will therefore depend on the length of the lower rod Ti and the upper rod Ts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The tubular drill information transmission has a number of conducting tubes (Ts,Ti) in a drill (40) filled with conducting sludge (48). An electrical assembly is placed in the lower train of tubes, with a second assembly at the upper end. The first electrical assembly has an electrode (50) solid with an isolating face (44) and an electrode is placed in the sludge (46). A voltage is applied to the electrodes to transmit the information.

Description

La présente invention concerne un train de tiges de forage équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations.The present invention relates to a drill string equipped with information transmission means.

Une installation de forage constituée par des tiges de forage permettant la transmission d'informations entre le fond du puits en cours de forage et la surface du sol a déjà été décrite dans le brevet français 2 777 594 au nom de la demanderesse. Comme on l'explique dans ce document, lors du forage du puits, il est très important de pouvoir transmettre vers la surface du sol des informations recueillies par des capteurs montés à proximité de l'outil de forage, ce dernier étant fixé à l'extrémité inférieure du train de tiges de forage.A drilling installation made up of drill rods allowing the transmission of information between the bottom of the well in progress drilling and the soil surface has already been described in the French patent 2,777,594 in the name of the plaintiff. As explained in this document, when drilling the well, it is very important to be able transmit information collected by sensors mounted near the drilling tool, the latter being fixed to the lower end of the drill string.

En se référant à la figure 1 annexée, on va décrire une des solutions proposées dans le brevet français mentionné ci-dessus.Referring to Figure 1 attached, we will describe one of the solutions proposed in the French patent mentioned above.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un train de tiges de forage formé par la tige 10a constituant la tige inférieure, la tige 10b constituant la tige supérieure et des tiges intermédiaires. Un outil de forage 12 est fixé à l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 10a et comporte des capteurs de mesure 14. La face interne 16 des tiges 10 est revêtue d'une couche de matériau isolant 18 sur toute la longueur du train de tiges. Par ailleurs, le train de tiges est bien sûr disposé à l'intérieur du puits en cours de forage 20 qui est rempli d'une boue de forage 22 conductrice de l'électricité. Pour permettre la transmission des informations, on trouve une première bobine d'induction 24 disposée à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 10a et reliée au capteur de mesure 14. On trouve également une bobine de couplage inductif 26 montée à l'intérieur de la tige supérieure 10b et reliée à des conducteurs tels que 28 assurant la transmission vers un dispositif de traitement des signaux électriques recueillis par la bobine 26.In Figure 1, a drill string is shown formed by the rod 10a constituting the lower rod, the rod 10b constituting the upper rod and intermediate rods. A drilling tool 12 is attached at the lower end of the rod 10a and includes measurement sensors 14. The internal face 16 of the rods 10 is coated with a layer of material insulator 18 over the entire length of the drill string. In addition, the train rods is of course arranged inside the well being drilled 20 which is filled with an electrically conductive drilling mud 22. For allow the transmission of information, there is a first induction coil 24 arranged near the lower end of the rod 10a and connected to the measurement sensor 14. There is also a inductive coupling coil 26 mounted inside the upper rod 10b and connected to conductors such as 28 ensuring transmission to a device for processing the electrical signals collected by the coil 26.

Grâce à la présence de la couche isolante 16, on constitue une boucle de courant fermée consistant d'une part dans la boue de forage 30 remplissant l'intérieur des tiges 10 et d'autre part par l'ensemble constitué par la paroi même des tiges 10 et par la boue 32 à l'extérieur des tiges 10.Thanks to the presence of the insulating layer 16, it constitutes a closed current loop consisting firstly in drilling mud 30 filling the inside of the rods 10 and on the other hand by the assembly constituted by the same wall of the rods 10 and by the mud 32 outside the rods 10.

A l'aide de la bobine inférieure 24, on induit un courant alternatif représentatif de l'information dans la boucle de courant, ce courant alternatif étant recueilli par la bobine réceptrice 26.Using the lower coil 24, a current is induced alternative representative of the information in the current loop, this alternating current being collected by the receiving coil 26.

Une telle installation de transmission d'informations par des tiges de forage donne des résultats satisfaisants dans un certain nombre de situations. Cependant, on comprend que la transmission de cette information est réalisée par deux couplages électromagnétiques correspondant aux deux bobines ou tores disposés respectivement à proximité de la partie supérieure du train de tiges et à proximité de son extrémité inférieure portant l'outil. Ces deux couplages, constituant des transformateurs d'intensité, présentent la caractéristique particulière de comporter un grand nombre de spires réalisées sur les tores. En revanche, l'autre élément de couplage est constitué par une unique spire qui consiste en fait dans la boucle unique de courant réalisée essentiellement par la boue contenue dans le train de tige. Un tel type de couplage électromagnétique n'est pas optimal et son rendement ou efficacité risque d'être insuffisant surtout dans le cas où la conductivité électrique de la boue est réduite.Such an installation for transmitting information by drill rods give satisfactory results in a number of situations. However, we understand that the transmission of this information is carried out by two electromagnetic couplings corresponding to the two coils or toroids arranged respectively at close to the upper part of the drill string and close to its lower end carrying the tool. These two couplings, constituting current transformers, have the special characteristic of have a large number of turns made on the toroids. In however, the other coupling element consists of a single turn which actually consists of the single current loop made mainly by the mud contained in the rod train. Such a type of electromagnetic coupling is not optimal and its efficiency or efficiency may be insufficient especially in the case where the conductivity electric mud is reduced.

Un objet de la présente invention est de fournir un train de tiges de forage du type mentionné ci-dessus qui soit équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations entre le fond du puits dans lequel se trouve l'équipement et la surface du sol, qui permettent d'améliorer la transmission de cette information, notamment en ce qui concerne l'interface entre l'émetteur et le récepteur et la boue servant à la transmission de l'information.An object of the present invention is to provide a drill string of the type mentioned above which is equipped with means for transmission of information between the bottom of the well in which is located equipment and ground surface, which improve transmission of this information, especially regarding the interface between the transmitter and receiver and the mud used for the transmission of information.

Pour atteindre ce but, selon l'invention, le train de tiges de forage, équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations comprend :

  • une pluralité de tiges creuses réalisées en matériau conducteur, la face interne desdites tiges étant recouverte d'un matériau isolant ;
  • un outil de forage solidaire de la tige inférieure du train de tiges, ledit train de tiges étant disposé en partie dans un forage rempli d'une boue conductrice de l'électricité, ladite boue à l'intérieur du train de tiges, d'une part, et la boue conductrice à l'extérieur du train de tiges, ainsi que le train de tiges lui-même, d'autre part, formant une boucle fermée conductrice du courant électrique ;
  • un premier ensemble électrique disposé à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure du train de tiges pour au moins créer dans ladite boucle un courant électrique représentatif des informations à transmettre ; et
  • un deuxième ensemble électrique disposé dans ledit forage, à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges pour au moins recevoir les informations contenues dans ledit courant électrique.
    • To achieve this object, according to the invention, the drill string, equipped with information transmission means comprises:
  • a plurality of hollow rods made of conductive material, the internal face of said rods being covered with an insulating material;
  • a drilling tool integral with the lower rod of the drill string, said drill string being arranged partly in a borehole filled with an electrically conductive mud, said mud inside the drill string, of a on the one hand, and the conductive mud outside the drill string, as well as the drill string itself, on the other hand, forming a closed loop conducting the electric current;
  • a first electrical assembly disposed near the lower end of the drill string to at least create in said loop an electrical current representative of the information to be transmitted; and
  • a second electrical assembly disposed in said borehole, near the upper end of the drill string to at least receive the information contained in said electrical current.

    • Le train de tiges se caractérise en ce que ledit premier ensemble électrique comprend au moins une première électrode annulaire solidaire de la face interne isolante du train de tiges, ladite électrode étant en contact électrique avec la boue contenue dans le train de tiges ; et
       des moyens pour appliquer à ladite électrode une tension représentative de ladite information à transmettre.    The drill string is characterized in that said first electrical assembly comprises at least one first annular electrode secured to the insulating internal face of the drill string, said electrode being in electrical contact with the mud contained in the drill string; and
    means for applying to said electrode a voltage representative of said information to be transmitted.

    On comprend que, selon l'invention, l'information à transmettre est appliquée sous forme de tension à l'électrode annulaire émettrice disposée à l'extrémité inférieure du train de tiges. Cette tension, par rapport à une masse, induit un courant dans la boucle de courant fermée définie précédemment, ce courant étant modulé en fonction de l'information à transmettre. La réception, à l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges, peut être réalisée, comme dans l'état de la technique mentionné, par une bobine de couplage électromagnétique disposée à l'intérieur du train de tiges, cette bobine entourant la boue contenue dans le train de tiges, boue dans laquelle circule le courant.It is understood that, according to the invention, the information to be transmitted is applied as a voltage to the emitting annular electrode arranged at the lower end of the drill string. This tension, by relative to mass, induces a current in the closed current loop defined above, this current being modulated as a function of the information to be transmitted. Reception, at the upper end of the train of rods, can be produced, as in the state of the art mentioned, by an electromagnetic coupling coil placed inside the drill string, this coil surrounding the mud contained in the drill string rods, mud in which the current flows.

    Une deuxième solution conforme à l'invention consiste à disposer, sur la face interne isolante d'une tige disposée à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges, deux électrodes conductrices décalées axialement. La différence de potentiel qui apparaít entre ces deux électrodes est créée par le courant circulant dans la boucle de courant. Cette différence de potentiel est donc elle-même modulée comme le courant, en fonction des informations reçues.A second solution in accordance with the invention consists in have, on the insulating internal face of a rod arranged near the upper end of the drill string, two conductive electrodes axially offset. The difference in potential that appears between these two electrodes is created by the current flowing in the loop current. This potential difference is therefore itself modulated like current, based on information received.

    Dans une version plus complète, l'ensemble électrique disposé à la partie inférieure du train de tige et l'ensemble électrique disposé à l'extrémité supérieure du train de tige peuvent tous les deux être constitués par deux électrodes conductrices montées à l'intérieur de la face interne isolante des tiges. Alternativement, une des électrodes peut servir d'émetteur pour la transmission d'informations et alternativement les deux électrodes peuvent servir de récepteurs des informations à transmettre. In a more complete version, the electrical assembly arranged at the bottom of the rod train and the electrical assembly arranged at the upper end of the drill string can both be consisting of two conductive electrodes mounted inside the insulating internal face of the rods. Alternatively, one of the electrodes can serve as a transmitter for the transmission of information and alternatively two electrodes can serve as receivers of information to pass.

    D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit de plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

    • la figure 1, déjà décrite, est une vue simplifiée en coupe verticale d'un train de tiges équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations selon l'état de la technique ;
    • la figure 2 est une vue simplifiée en coupe longitudinale d'un train de tiges équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations selon un premier mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention ;
    • la figure 3 est une vue de détail de la figure 2 montrant les moyens d'émission et de réception d'informations ;
    • la figure 4 est une vue simplifiée de la partie supérieure du train de tiges dans le premier mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 2 ; et
    • la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 montrant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the following description of several embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the appended figures, in which:
    • Figure 1, already described, is a simplified view in vertical section of a drill string equipped with information transmission means according to the prior art;
    • Figure 2 is a simplified view in longitudinal section of a drill string equipped with information transmission means according to a first embodiment of the invention;
    • Figure 3 is a detail view of Figure 2 showing the means for transmitting and receiving information;
    • Figure 4 is a simplified view of the upper part of the drill string in the first embodiment shown in Figure 2; and
    • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing a second embodiment of the invention.

    En se référant tout d'abord à la figure 2, on va décrire un premier mode de réalisation du train de tiges permettant la transmission d'informations.Referring first to Figure 2, we will describe a first embodiment of the drill string for transmission information.

    Sur la figure 2, on a représenté de façon simplifiée le forage 40 en cours de réalisation. Dans ce forage est disposé le train de tiges avec, plus particulièrement, la tige inférieure TI sur laquelle est monté l'outil de forage, non représenté sur la figure, et la tige supérieure TS. Des tiges intermédiaires sont bien sûr interposées entre ces deux tiges d'extrémités. Chaque tige est constituée par une paroi métallique conductrice 42 sur la face interne de laquelle est réalisée une couche isolante 44.In Figure 2, there is shown in a simplified manner the borehole 40 in progress. In this drilling is arranged the drill string with, more particularly, the lower rod T I on which is mounted the drilling tool, not shown in the figure, and the upper rod T S. Intermediate rods are of course interposed between these two end rods. Each rod is constituted by a conductive metal wall 42 on the internal face of which an insulating layer 44 is produced.

    Ainsi qu'on l'a déjà expliqué, le forage 40 est rempli d'une boue plus ou moins conductrice de l'électricité qui remplit notamment l'intérieur 46 du train de tiges ainsi que l'espace annulaire 48 entre le train de tiges et la paroi du forage 40. On réalise ainsi une boucle conductrice fermée constituée d'une part par la boue dans la zone interne 46 et, d'autre part, par la paroi conductrice 42 et la boue dans l'espace annulaire externe 48. Ces deux branches du circuit conducteur électrique sont séparées par la couche isolante 44 et sont raccordées à leurs extrémités inférieures par l'outil lui-même et supérieures par des moyens convenables. Sur cette figure, on a référencé 40F le fond du forage et 40S l'extrémité supérieure du forage proche de la surface du sol S.As already explained, borehole 40 is filled with mud more or less conductive of the electricity which fills in particular the interior 46 of the drill string as well as the annular space 48 between the drill string and the wall of the borehole 40. A closed conductive loop is thus produced constituted on the one hand by the mud in the internal zone 46 and, on the other hand, by the conductive wall 42 and the mud in the external annular space 48. These two branches of the electrical conductor circuit are separated by the insulating layer 44 and are connected at their lower ends by the tool itself and superior by suitable means. On this figure, we referenced 40F the bottom of the borehole and 40S the upper end drilling close to the surface of soil S.

    Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, l'ensemble électrique inférieur est constitué par une électrode, de préférence annulaire 50, qui est fixée par tout moyen convenable sur la paroi isolante 44 de la tige TI. Cette électrode est directement en contact électrique avec la boue contenue à l'intérieur 46 du train de tiges. De préférence, cette électrode est disposée à une distance suffisante de l'outil de forage. Par ailleurs, à l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges, on retrouve une bobine de couplage électromagnétique 52. On comprend que, pour les transmissions d'informations depuis le fond du forage à proximité de l'outil vers la partie supérieure du forage, c'est-à-dire vers la surface du sol, on applique à l'électrode 50 une tension électrique modulée correspondant à l'information à transmettre. Cette tension électrique crée dans la zone 46 un courant électrique modulé qui circule selon la boucle de courant définie précédemment. Ce courant traverse en particulier la zone entourée par la bobine électromagnétique 52. La circulation de ce courant modulé crée aux bornes de la bobine 52 une tension électrique qui est représentative de l'information émise par l'électrode 50. On comprend qu'on s'affranchit des problèmes mentionnés ci-dessus en ce qui concerne l'émission correspondant au mauvais couplage électromagnétique entre la boucle de courant et la bobine prévue dans l'art antérieur pour l'émission de l'information. En revanche, ce couplage de médiocre qualité est moins défavorable en ce qui conceme la réception par la bobine électromagnétique 52.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the lower electrical assembly consists of an electrode, preferably annular 50, which is fixed by any suitable means to the insulating wall 44 of the rod T I. This electrode is directly in electrical contact with the mud contained inside 46 of the drill string. Preferably, this electrode is placed at a sufficient distance from the drilling tool. Furthermore, at the upper end of the drill string, there is an electromagnetic coupling coil 52. It is understood that, for the transmission of information from the bottom of the borehole near the tool to the upper part of the borehole, that is to say towards the surface of the ground, a modulated electric voltage corresponding to the information to be transmitted is applied to the electrode 50. This electric voltage creates in the zone 46 a modulated electric current which circulates according to the current loop defined above. This current crosses in particular the zone surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 52. The circulation of this modulated current creates at the terminals of the coil 52 an electric voltage which is representative of the information emitted by the electrode 50. It is understood that s overcomes the problems mentioned above with regard to the emission corresponding to the poor electromagnetic coupling between the current loop and the coil provided in the prior art for the transmission of information. On the other hand, this poor quality coupling is less unfavorable as regards reception by the electromagnetic coil 52.

    Dans certains cas, il est utile de pouvoir transmettre des informations non seulement depuis le fond du forage vers la surface du sol, mais également depuis la surface du sol vers le fond du forage, par exemple pour transmettre des informations à des actionneurs de l'outil de forage. Pour obtenir ce résultat, on prévoit dans la tige inférieure TI une deuxième électrode annulaire 54 fixée sur la paroi isolante 44 de cette tige. L'électrode 54 est décalée axialement d'une distance d par rapport à l'électrode émettrice 50. Lorsqu'on applique à la bobine 52 un courant alternatif, celle-ci induit dans la zone de boue 46 un courant ayant la même modulation qui circule dans la boucle de courant définie ci-dessus. La circulation de ce courant crée entre les électrodes 50 et 54 une différence de potentiel que l'on peut recueillir et qui présente la même modulation que le courant appliqué initialement à la bobine 52. En mesurant la modulation de la différence de potentiel entre les électrodes 50 et 54, on peut ainsi recueillir au fond du forage les informations émises par la bobine 52.In some cases, it is useful to be able to transmit information not only from the bottom of the borehole to the ground surface, but also from the ground surface to the bottom of the borehole, for example to transmit information to actuators of the drilling tool. To obtain this result, there is provided in the lower rod T I a second annular electrode 54 fixed to the insulating wall 44 of this rod. The electrode 54 is axially offset by a distance d with respect to the emitting electrode 50. When an alternating current is applied to the coil 52, the latter induces in the mud zone 46 a current having the same modulation which flows in the current loop defined above. The circulation of this current creates between the electrodes 50 and 54 a potential difference which can be collected and which has the same modulation as the current initially applied to the coil 52. By measuring the modulation of the potential difference between the electrodes 50 and 54, it is thus possible to collect at the bottom of the drilling the information emitted by the coil 52.

    En se référant maintenant à la figure 3, on va décrire plus en détail le mode de réalisation de l'ensemble électrique inférieur permettant d'émettre et de recevoir des informations. On retrouve, sur cette figure, les électrodes 50 et 54 fixées sur la paroi isolante 44 de la paroi conductrice 42 de la tige de forage. On peut, dans la paroi 42 de la tige, ou dans une pièce rapportée sur la tige, définir par tout moyen convenable une cavité ou analogue 56 sensiblement en regard de l'électrode 50. Dans cette cavité 56, on monte un certain nombre de composants électriques ou électroniques portant la référence 58. Ces composants sont reliés par des conducteurs électriques 60 et 62 aux électrodes 50 et 54. Ces composants 58 sont également reliés par des ensembles de conducteurs électriques 64 et 66, d'une part, aux capteurs disposés dans l'outil et, d'autre part, éventuellement à des activateurs montés également dans cet outil.Referring now to Figure 3, we will describe more in detail the embodiment of the lower electrical assembly allowing send and receive information. We find, in this figure, the electrodes 50 and 54 fixed on the insulating wall 44 of the conductive wall 42 of the drill pipe. It is possible, in the wall 42 of the rod, or in a insert on the rod, define by any suitable means a cavity or the like 56 substantially opposite the electrode 50. In this cavity 56, a number of electrical components are mounted or electronic reference 58. These components are connected by electrical conductors 60 and 62 to electrodes 50 and 54. These components 58 are also connected by sets of conductors electrical 64 and 66, on the one hand, to the sensors arranged in the tool and, on the other hand, possibly to activators also mounted in this tool.

    En phase d'émission, c'est-à-dire lorsque les mesures effectuées par les capteurs de l'outil doivent être transmises à la surface du sol, les circuits 58 reçoivent les informations codées à transmettre et élaborent la tension électrique correspondante pour l'appliquer à l'électrode d'émission 50 et injecter ainsi un courant modulé dans la boucle conductrice fermée.In the emission phase, i.e. when the measurements performed by the tool sensors must be transmitted to the surface from the ground, circuits 58 receive the coded information to be transmitted and develop the corresponding electrical voltage to apply it to the emission electrode 50 and thus inject a modulated current into the closed conductive loop.

    Dans la phase de réception, les circuits 58 sont raccordés simultanément aux électrodes 50 et 54. Les circuits 58 comportent des moyens de mesure de la différence de potentiel entre les tensions recueillies par les électrodes 50 et 54. Cette différence de potentiel dont les modulations correspondent à l'information reçue peut être codée ou transformer de manière convenable par les circuits 58 pour être transmise à des activateurs de l'outil via la connexion électrique 66.In the reception phase, the circuits 58 are connected simultaneously with electrodes 50 and 54. The circuits 58 include means for measuring the potential difference between the voltages collected by electrodes 50 and 54. This difference in potential including the modulations correspond to the information received can be coded or transform appropriately by circuits 58 to be transmitted to activators of the tool via the electrical connection 66.

    Sur la figure 4, on a représenté la partie supérieure du train de tiges avec la tige Ts munie de sa bobine 52, une tige standard T qui est engagée dans la tête de forage 80 servant à commander la mise en rotation du train de tiges et la descente de ce train de tiges. Pour relier la bobine réceptrice 52 à l'ensemble de traitement 82 disposé à la surface du sol, il est prévu un collecteur tournant 84 qui entoure la tige T et qui est électriquement connecté à l'ensemble de traitement 84.In Figure 4, there is shown the upper part of the train rods with the rod Ts provided with its coil 52, a standard rod T which is engaged in the drilling head 80 used to control the setting in rotation of the drill string and the descent of this drill string. To connect the take-up reel 52 to the processing assembly 82 disposed on the surface from the ground, a rotating collector 84 is provided which surrounds the rod T and which is electrically connected to the processing unit 84.

    Dans le cas du mode de réalisation de la figure 5, l'ensemble électrique inférieur référencé 70 est constitué essentiellement par les électrodes 50 et 54 ainsi qu'on l'a déjà décrit en liaison avec la figure 2 et 3. L'ensemble électrique supérieur référencé 72 qui est disposé à proximité de la surface du sol est également constitué par deux électrodes annulaires 74 et 76 sensiblement identiques aux électrodes 50 et 54 et fixées sur le revêtement isolant 44 des tiges de forage supérieures Ts. L'électrode 74 sera utilisée seule pour l'émission d'informations à partir de la surface comme est utilisée l'électrode d'émission 50. En revanche, pour la réception d'informations émises depuis le fond du forage, on utilise les électrodes 74 et 76. La différence de potentiel modulée recueillie entre ces deux électrodes et créée par la circulation du courant modulé produit par l'électrode émettrice de l'ensemble électrique inférieur 70 constitue l'information reçue qui est bien sûr représentative de l'information émise par l'ensemble électrique inférieur 70.In the case of the embodiment of FIG. 5, the assembly lower electric referenced 70 consists essentially of electrodes 50 and 54 as already described in connection with FIG. 2 and 3. The upper electrical assembly referenced 72 which is disposed at proximity to the ground surface is also formed by two electrodes annulars 74 and 76 substantially identical to electrodes 50 and 54 and fixed on the insulating coating 44 of the upper drill rods Ts. The electrode 74 will be used alone for the transmission of information from the surface as the emission electrode 50 is used. On the other hand, for receiving information sent from the bottom of the borehole, we use the electrodes 74 and 76. The difference in modulated potential collected between these two electrodes and created by the circulation of the modulated current produced by the emitting electrode of the lower electrical assembly 70 constitutes the information received which is of course representative of the information sent by the lower electrical assembly 70.

    Sur les figures, les électrodes annulaires sont représentées en saillie par rapport à la couche isolante 44. De préférence, la couche isolante 44 a une épaisseur suffisante pour que la face interne a des électrodes affleure dans la face interne de la couche isolante. Il faut cependant que l'épaisseur de la portion de couche isolante entre l'électrode et la paroi de la tige soit suffisante pour réaliser l'isolation électrique souhaitée. On évite ainsi la création de pertes de charge dans la tige.In the figures, the annular electrodes are shown projecting with respect to the insulating layer 44. Preferably, the insulating layer 44 has a thickness sufficient for the inner face to have electrodes flush with the inner face of the insulating layer. However, the thickness of the portion of insulating layer between the electrode and the wall of the rod must be sufficient to achieve the desired electrical insulation. This avoids the creation of pressure drops in the rod.

    De préférence également, l'électrode annulaire est réalisée avec un matériau bon conducteur de l'électricité, par exemple du laiton, dont la surface interne a été traitée, par exemple par nitruration, pour donner à cette surface une dureté suffisante lui permettant de résister à l'effet abrasif du liquide circulant dans la tige.Also preferably, the annular electrode is made with a material that conducts electricity well, for example brass, the internal surface of which has been treated, for example by nitriding, to give this surface sufficient hardness allowing it to resist the abrasive effect of the liquid circulating in the rod.

    De préférence, la largeur I des électrodes selon la direction de l'axe de la tige est supérieure ou égale à 2D, D étant le diamètre interne de la conduite.Preferably, the width I of the electrodes in the direction of the axis of the rod is greater than or equal to 2D, D being the internal diameter of the pipe.

    Lorsque le système est prévu pour fonctionner aussi en réception, il est intéressant que la distance d entre les deux électrodes soit aussi importante que possible. Cependant, cette distance est limitée puisqu'il est nécessaire, pour des raisons pratiques évidentes, que les deux électrodes soient montées sur une même tige du train de tige. Cette distance dépendra donc de la longueur de la tige inférieure Ti et de la tige supérieure Ts.When the system is designed to operate also in reception, it is advantageous that the distance d between the two electrodes is as large as possible. However, this distance is limited since it is necessary, for obvious practical reasons, for the two electrodes to be mounted on the same rod of the rod train. This distance will therefore depend on the length of the lower rod Ti and the upper rod Ts.

    Enfin, les essais réalisés montrent qu'on obtient une bonne transmission du signal, même pour un train de tiges de 80 mètres de long, en utilisant un signal électrique alternatif de 10 Volts sous environ 50 mA.Finally, the tests carried out show that good signal transmission, even for an 80 meter long drill string, using an alternating electrical signal of 10 Volts at about 50 mA.

    Claims (6)

    Train de tiges de forage, équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations comprenant : une pluralité de tiges creuses (Ts, T, Ti) réalisées en matériau conducteur, la face interne desdites tiges étant recouverte d'un matériau isolant (44); un outil de forage (12) solidaire de la tige inférieure du train de tiges, ledit train de tiges étant disposé en partie dans un forage (40) rempli d'une boue conductrice de l'électricité, ladite boue (46) à l'intérieur du train de tiges, d'une part, et la boue conductrice (48) à l'extérieur du train de tiges, ainsi que le train de tiges lui-même, d'autre part, formant une boucle conductrice du courant électrique ; un premier ensemble électrique disposé à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure du train de tiges pour au moins créer dans ladite boucle un courant électrique représentatif des informations à transmettre ; et un deuxième ensemble électrique disposé dans ledit forage, à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges pour au moins recevoir les informations contenues dans ledit courant électrique ; ledit train de tiges se caractérisant en ce que ledit premier ensemble électrique comprend au moins une première électrode (50) annulaire solidaire de la face interne isolante (44) du train de tiges, ladite électrode étant en contact électrique avec la boue (46) contenue dans le train de tiges ; et des moyens (58, 60) pour appliquer à ladite électrode une tension représentative de ladite émission à transmettre. Drill pipe train, equipped with information transmission means including: a plurality of hollow rods (Ts, T, Ti) made of conductive material, the internal face of said rods being covered with an insulating material (44); a drilling tool (12) integral with the lower rod of the drill string, said drill string being disposed partly in a borehole (40) filled with an electrically conductive mud, said mud (46) at the inside the drill string, on the one hand, and the conductive mud (48) outside the drill string, as well as the drill string itself, on the other hand, forming a conductive loop of the electric current; a first electrical assembly disposed near the lower end of the drill string to at least create in said loop an electrical current representative of the information to be transmitted; and a second electrical assembly disposed in said borehole, near the upper end of the drill string to at least receive the information contained in said electrical current; said drill string characterized in that said first electrical assembly comprises at least one first annular electrode (50) integral with the insulating internal face (44) of the drill string, said electrode being in electrical contact with the mud (46) contained in the drill string; and means (58, 60) for applying to said electrode a voltage representative of said emission to be transmitted. Train de tiges selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième ensemble électrique est constitué par une deuxième (74) et une troisième (76) électrode annulaire fixée sur la paroi interne isolante (44) du train de tiges et en contact électrique avec la boue (46) contenue dans ledit train de tiges, lesdites deuxième et troisième électrodes étant décalées axialement, et des moyens (82) pour recueillir la différence de potentiel créée entre lesdites deuxième et troisième électrodes. Rod train according to claim 1, characterized in that said second electrical assembly consists of a second (74) and a third (76) annular electrode fixed on the insulating internal wall (44) of the drill string and in electrical contact with the mud (46) contained in said drill string, said second and third electrodes being axially offset, and means (82) for collecting the potential difference created between said second and third electrodes. Train de tiges selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit deuxième ensemble électrique est constitué par une bobine de couplage électromagnétique (52) montée dans ledit train de tiges et entourant la boue (46) à l'intérieur du train de tiges et par des moyens (82) pour recueillir la tension électrique développée aux bornes de ladite bobine par la circulation dudit courant électrique.Rod string according to claim 1, characterized in that said second electrical assembly consists of an electromagnetic coupling coil (52) mounted in said rod string and surrounding the mud (46) inside the rod string and by means (82) for collecting the electric voltage developed at the terminals of said coil by the circulation of said electric current. Train de tiges selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3, pour transmettre bidirectionnellement des informations entre lesdits premier et deuxième ensembles électriques, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier ensemble électrique comprend en outre une quatrième électrode (54) annulaire solidaire de la paroi interne isolante (44) du train de tiges et en contact électrique avec la boue (46) contenue dans ledit train de tiges, et décalée axialement par rapport à la première électrode (50), et des moyens (58, 60) pour recueillir la tension apparaissant entre lesdites première et quatrième électrodes en réponse au courant électrique circulant dans ladite boucle de courant et créé par ledit deuxième ensemble électrique.Rod string according to any one of claims 2 and 3, for bidirectionally transmitting information between said first and second electrical assemblies, characterized in that said first electrical assembly further comprises a fourth annular electrode (54) integral with the internal wall insulator (44) of the drill string and in electrical contact with the mud (46) contained in said drill string, and offset axially with respect to the first electrode (50), and means (58, 60) for collecting the voltage appearing between said first and fourth electrodes in response to the electric current flowing in said current loop and created by said second electric assembly. Train de tiges selon la revendication 2, pour transmettre bidirectionnellement des informations entre lesdits premier et deuxième ensembles électriques, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier ensemble électrique comprend en outre une quatrième électrode (54) solidaire de la paroi interne isolante (44) du train de tiges et en contact électrique avec la boue (46) contenue dans ledit train de tiges, et décalée axialement par rapport à la première électrode (50), et des moyens (58, 60) pour recueillir la tension apparaissant entre lesdites première et quatrième électrodes en réponse à un courant électrique circulant dans ladite boucle de courant et créé par ledit deuxième ensemble électrique, et en ce que ledit deuxième ensemble électrique comprend des moyens pour appliquer à ladite deuxième électrode (74) une tension représentative d'une information à transmettre depuis ledit deuxième ensemble électrique vers le premier ensemble électrique.Rod train according to claim 2, for bidirectionally transmitting information between said first and second electrical assemblies, characterized in that said first electrical assembly further comprises a fourth electrode (54) integral with the insulating internal wall (44) of the rods and in electrical contact with the mud (46) contained in said drill string, and offset axially with respect to the first electrode (50), and means (58, 60) for collecting the voltage appearing between said first and fourth electrodes in response to an electric current flowing in said current loop and created by said second electrical assembly, and in that said second electrical assembly comprises means for applying to said second electrode (74) a voltage representative of information to be transmitted from said second electrical assembly to the first electrical assembly. Train de tiges selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque électrode annulaire est disposée dans le matériau isolant (44) de telle manière que la face interne de chaque électrode affleure dans la face interne du matériau isolant.Rod string according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each annular electrode is arranged in the insulating material (44) in such a way that the internal face of each electrode is flush with the internal face of the insulating material.
    EP02290127A 2001-01-26 2002-01-18 Drill string for transmitting information Withdrawn EP1227216A1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    FR0101067A FR2820167B1 (en) 2001-01-26 2001-01-26 DRILL ROD TRAIN FOR TRANSMITTING INFORMATION
    FR0101067 2001-01-26

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    EP (1) EP1227216A1 (en)
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    US20020105334A1 (en) 2002-08-08
    US6958703B2 (en) 2005-10-25
    FR2820167A1 (en) 2002-08-02
    HK1049870A1 (en) 2003-05-30
    FR2820167B1 (en) 2004-06-04

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