EP1225301B1 - Hollow drill pipe for transmitting information - Google Patents

Hollow drill pipe for transmitting information Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1225301B1
EP1225301B1 EP02290125A EP02290125A EP1225301B1 EP 1225301 B1 EP1225301 B1 EP 1225301B1 EP 02290125 A EP02290125 A EP 02290125A EP 02290125 A EP02290125 A EP 02290125A EP 1225301 B1 EP1225301 B1 EP 1225301B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
rod
drilling
rods
conductive
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EP02290125A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1225301A1 (en
Inventor
Giovanni c/o Compagnie du Sol Aiello
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Compagnie du Sol SARL
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Compagnie du Sol SARL
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/003—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings with electrically conducting or insulating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hollow drill pipe for transmitting information and a drill string for carrying out such information transmission.
  • the subject of the invention is a drill pipe of the type used to make the drill rigs of drill pipes used to drill wells in the ground, these wells being filled as and when they are drilled. a drilling mud, these rods further allowing the transmission of information between the bottom of the well and the ground surface.
  • a drilling installation constituted by drill pipes allowing the transmission of information between the bottom of the well being drilled and the ground surface has already been described in the French patent 2,777,594 in the name of the applicant.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a drill string formed by the rod 10a constituting the lower rod, the rod 10b constituting the upper rod and intermediate rods.
  • a drilling tool 12 is attached to the lower end of the rod 10a and has measuring sensors 14.
  • the inner face 16 of the rods 10 is coated with a layer of insulating material 18 along the entire length of the drill string.
  • the drill string is of course disposed within the borehole 20 which is filled with an electrically conductive drilling mud 22.
  • a first inductor 24 disposed near the lower end of the rod 10a and connected to the measuring sensor 14.
  • There is also an inductive coupling coil 26 mounted inside. the upper rod 10b and connected to conductors such as 28 ensuring the transmission to a processing device of electrical signals collected by the coil 26.
  • a closed current loop is formed consisting firstly of the drilling mud 30 filling the inside of the rods 10 and secondly in the assembly constituted by the same wall of the rods 10 and by the mud 32 outside the rods 10.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a drill pipe which allows the transmission of information via this rod whatever the electrical properties of the mud used to drill and which avoids the phenomenon of abrasion.
  • part of the current loop is constituted by the conductive layer and by the two conductive rings.
  • the conductive layer is a kind of short circuit compared to the sludge contained in the rod. At the connection between the two rods, the electrical continuity is ensured by the mud in contact with the conductive rings of the adjacent rods. The distance between the two rings being reduced, this is not a problem.
  • the conductive layer and the two conductive rings are electrically insulated from the wall of the rod by the insulating layer.
  • each ring is mechanically protected by the insulating layer which covers it. Only the inner face of each ring is subjected to the abrasive effect of the liquid flowing in the rod. However, these rings have a reduced length relative to the length of the rod and can be made with a conductive material resistant to abrasion.
  • the drill pipe is characterized in that the length l of each of said conductive rings is between 0.8 and 2.2 D, D being the internal diameter of said rod.
  • said layer of insulating material also covers the inner faces of the connecting sleeves at least for their parts that are not overlapping when a drill pipe is assembled to another drill pipe.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a drill string that allows the transmission of information at least between the lower end of the train and its upper end under improved conditions regardless of the electrical properties of the mud filling. drilling in progress.
  • FIG. 2 a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described.
  • the female connecting sleeve 60 of the rod T 1 and the male connecting sleeve 62 of the rod T 2 and the common portions of these two rods are shown more particularly the female connecting sleeve 60 of the rod T 1 and the male connecting sleeve 62 of the rod T 2 and the common portions of these two rods.
  • the male and female sleeves are constituted by frustoconical threads 64.
  • the inner face 66 of the rod T 2 and the inner face 68 of the rod T 1 are covered by an insulating layer 70.
  • This insulating layer is for example constituted by a layer of an insulating epoxy resin whose thickness is preferably less than 250 microns. In a more general manner, the thickness of the insulating layer depends on the dielectric properties of the material used.
  • the insulating layer 70 is extended on the beginning 72 of the connecting sleeve 60 and on the beginning 74 of the connecting sleeve 62 of the rod T 2 . In this zone, the two connecting sleeves define a recess 76.
  • an insulating seal ring 78 integral with the end 74 of the connecting sleeve 62 is put in place. When the assembly of the two rods is completed, the gasket 78 is compressed to ensure a seal.
  • a conductive layer 80 is produced which extends on the inner face, over its entire length, of the insulating layer except for its ends close to the connection sleeves.
  • the conductive layer 80 is electrically connected at its ends corresponding to the connecting sleeves 60 and 62 to annular conductive rings such as 84 arranged in line with the connecting sleeves. These rings 84 are isolated from the wall 52 of the rod by the insulating layer 70. On the current portion of the conductive layer 80, a second insulating protective layer 86 is produced. Of course, the insulating layer 86 does not cover the rings. Conductors 84.
  • the assemblies constituted by the conductive layer 80 and the conductive rings 84 electrically connected to the conductive layers 80 constitute a short circuit of the sludge contained in the rod along the length thereof. This result is obtained of course because the conductive rings 84 are directly in contact with the sludge contained inside the rods T, while being isolated from the wall 52 of the rod.
  • the electrical continuity between the conductive layers 80 at the recess 76 between two consecutive rods is provided via the rings 84 and the sludge under conditions quite acceptable by the sludge contained in this recess, whatever the properties of the sludge due to the very short length of the recess. It is also understood that the sequence of conductive layers 80 and rings 84 is isolated from the walls 52 1 , 52 2 of the rods T 1 and T 2 . The walls 52 1 and 52 2 and the sludge outside the rods constitute the return path of the current loop.
  • the conductive layer 80 may advantageously be constituted by a deposit of conductive epoxy resin whose thickness is also of the order of 250 microns.
  • the conductive layer 80 may also be made in the following manner.
  • the tube starts from a metal tube whose length is less than that of the metallization to achieve (rings 84 to set up) and whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the wall 52 of the rod.
  • the insulating layer 70 is deposited on the outer face of this tube and on its inner face the insulating layer 86.
  • this tube has a reduced thickness, at most equal to 1 mm. Then, the tube is introduced into the bore of the rod and immobilized, at least in translation, therein.
  • This immobilization can be obtained by any suitable means. In particular, it is possible to use an expansion of the tube made possible by its thin, by heating or by application of internal pressure.
  • the conductive layer 80 is interrupted at its ends to allow the establishment of the rings 84 which are electrically connected to the layer 80, for example by welding.
  • the outer face of the rings 84 is covered with an insulating layer extending the insulating layer 70.
  • the rings 84 are made of a material which has good electrical conductivity for electrical coupling with the sludge and good resistance to abrasion.
  • the rings 84 may be made of brass with a surface treatment, for example nitriding to increase the surface hardness of the ring.
  • the length of the ring 80 along the axis XX 'of the rod is between 0.8 and 2.2 D, D being the internal diameter of the rod.
  • D being the internal diameter of the rod.
  • the internal diameter D of the rods may be of the order of 2.5 to 5 cm.
  • the length I of the ring is therefore of the order of 2.5 cm to 11 cm, which is very small compared to the total length of the rod which is of the order of 9 to 10 meters.
  • the particular embodiment of the rings 84 does not raise any particular problem given the reduced length thereof.
  • a drilling in progress 90 in which the drilling mud 92 is found.
  • the drill string consisting of the lower rod T i , the upper rod T s and the intermediate rods T.
  • the upper rod T s cooperates with a drill bit 94 which allows the rotation of the drill string and the gradual lowering thereof in the borehole 90.
  • a drill bit 96 At the lower end of the lower rod T i is mounted a drill bit 96 of the standard type. This drilling tool is equipped with measurement sensors 98.
  • the inner face 100 of the rods T is covered successively with a layer 102, a conductive layer 104 provided with its end rings 105, the latter being directly in contact with the sludge contained inside the drill rods and the second insulating layer 107 covering the current portion of the conductive layer 104.
  • a first electromagnetic coupling coil 106 is mounted inside the lower rod T i near its lower end. This coil 106 is electrically connected by conductors 108 to the sensors 98 and behaves like a transmitting coil and possibly receiving.
  • a second electromagnetic coupling coil 110 is mounted inside the upper rod T s . This coil 110 is held below the level of the sludge 92 in the borehole. This coil is receiver and possibly emitter.
  • the set of rods with their conductive and insulating layers defines a closed current loop whose first branch consists of the conductive layers 104 and the sludge contained inside the rods and whose second branch is constituted by the wall of the rods itself and the mud on the outside of the drill string.
  • These two branches of the current loop being connected by the drill bit 96 at its lower end and by suitable means at its upper end.
  • the lower coil 106 receives sensors 98, electrical signals representative of the measurements made by the sensors 98. These alternating signals induce a current in the closed current loop described above.
  • This alternating current creates in the second coil 110 an alternating current representative of the measurement information delivered by the sensors 98, the voltage created in the coil is transmitted to a processing unit 112 via the electrical conductors 114 and a manifold rotating at the drill head 94.

Abstract

The rod is intended to be placed in a drilling filled with drilling mud. It comprises an electrically conducting cylindrical wall (521,522). The wall first end is provided with a male connecting sleeve (62) and the second end has a female connecting sleeve (60). A layer of electrical insulation material (70) covers the length of the internal surface. A conducting layer (80) covers the insulating layer and is connected at its ends to two electrical conductor rings. The conducting layer is covered by a second insulating layer (86) leaving the conducting rings in contact with the drilling mud.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une tige creuse de forage pour la transmission d'informations et un train de tiges permettant la réalisation d'une telle transmission d'informations.The present invention relates to a hollow drill pipe for transmitting information and a drill string for carrying out such information transmission.

De façon plus précise, l'invention a pour objet une tige de forage du type utilisé pour réaliser les trains de forage de tiges de forage servant à forer des puits dans le sol, ces puits étant remplis au fur et à mesure de leur forage d'une boue de forage, ces tiges permettant en outre la transmission d'informations entre le fond du puits et la surface du sol.More specifically, the subject of the invention is a drill pipe of the type used to make the drill rigs of drill pipes used to drill wells in the ground, these wells being filled as and when they are drilled. a drilling mud, these rods further allowing the transmission of information between the bottom of the well and the ground surface.

Une installation de forage constituée par des tiges de forage permettant la transmission d'informations entre le fond du puits en cours de forage et la surface du sol a déjà été décrite dans le brevet français 2 777 594 au nom de la demanderesse. Comme on l'explique dans ce document, lors du forage du puits, il est très important de pouvoir transmettre vers la surface du sol des informations recueillies par des capteurs montés à proximité de l'outil de forage, ce dernier étant fixé à l'extrémité inférieure du train de tiges de forage.A drilling installation constituted by drill pipes allowing the transmission of information between the bottom of the well being drilled and the ground surface has already been described in the French patent 2,777,594 in the name of the applicant. As explained in this document, when drilling the well, it is very important to be able to transmit to the ground surface information collected by sensors mounted near the drill bit, the latter being attached to the borehole. lower end of the drill string.

En se référant à la figure 1 annexée, on va décrire une des solutions proposées dans le brevet français mentionné ci-dessus.Referring to Figure 1 attached, we will describe one of the solutions proposed in the French patent mentioned above.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un train de tiges de forage formé par la tige 10a constituant la tige inférieure, la tige 10b constituant la tige supérieure et des tiges intermédiaires. Un outil de forage 12 est fixé à l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 10a et comporte des capteurs de mesure 14. La face interne 16 des tiges 10 est revêtue d'une couche de matériau isolant 18 sur toute la longueur du train de tiges. Par ailleurs, le train de tiges est bien sûr disposé à l'intérieur du puits en cours de forage 20 qui est rempli d'une boue de forage 22 conductrice de l'électricité. Pour permettre la transmission des informations, on trouve une première bobine d'induction 24 disposée à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure de la tige 10a et reliée au capteur de mesure 14. On trouve également une bobine de couplage inductif 26 montée à l'intérieur de la tige supérieure 10b et reliée à des conducteurs tels que 28 assurant la transmission vers un dispositif de traitement des signaux électriques recueillis par la bobine 26.In Figure 1, there is shown a drill string formed by the rod 10a constituting the lower rod, the rod 10b constituting the upper rod and intermediate rods. A drilling tool 12 is attached to the lower end of the rod 10a and has measuring sensors 14. The inner face 16 of the rods 10 is coated with a layer of insulating material 18 along the entire length of the drill string. Furthermore, the drill string is of course disposed within the borehole 20 which is filled with an electrically conductive drilling mud 22. To allow the transmission of information, there is a first inductor 24 disposed near the lower end of the rod 10a and connected to the measuring sensor 14. There is also an inductive coupling coil 26 mounted inside. the upper rod 10b and connected to conductors such as 28 ensuring the transmission to a processing device of electrical signals collected by the coil 26.

Grâce à la présence de la couche isolante 16, on constitue une boucle de courant fermée consistant d'une part en la boue de forage 30 remplissant l'intérieur des tiges 10 et d'autre part en l'ensemble constitué par la paroi même des tiges 10 et par la boue 32 à l'extérieur des tiges 10.Owing to the presence of the insulating layer 16, a closed current loop is formed consisting firstly of the drilling mud 30 filling the inside of the rods 10 and secondly in the assembly constituted by the same wall of the rods 10 and by the mud 32 outside the rods 10.

A l'aide de la bobine inférieure 24, on induit un courant alternatif représentatif de l'information dans la boucle de courant, ce courant alternatif étant recueilli par la bobine réceptrice 26.With the aid of the lower coil 24, an alternating current representative of the information in the current loop is induced, this alternating current being collected by the receiver coil 26.

On comprend que plus la résistance linéique de la boucle de courant est faible et mieux le système fonctionnera. On comprend en particulier que le système qui vient d'être décrit en liaison avec la figure 1 est très bien adapté au cas où la boue de forage présente une résistance linéique faible.It is understood that the lower the linear resistance of the current loop, the better the system will work. It is understood in particular that the system which has just been described in connection with Figure 1 is very well suited to the case where the drilling mud has a low linear resistance.

Or, il existe un certain nombre de chantiers dans lesquels la boue de forage présente une résistance linéique relativement élevée. Il est bien sûr possible d'améliorer les caractéristiques de la boue de forage et de la rendre plus conductrice mais cela risque d'aboutir à un coût plus élevé de celle-ci. Par ailleurs, il existe des cas où l'utilisation de l'eau de mer pour améliorer la conductivité de la boue n'est pas conseillée. C'est en particulier le cas lors de la présence de couches argileuses importantes dans le terrain que l'on veut forer. En effet, dans ce cas, les couches argileuses gonflent et engendrent un resserrement du forage. Dans un tel terrain, il faut utiliser des boues à l'huile dont la conductivité est très faible.However, there are a number of sites in which the drilling mud has a relatively high linear resistance. It is of course possible to improve the characteristics of the drilling mud and to make it more conductive, but this may result in a higher cost of the drilling mud. In addition, there are cases where the use of seawater to improve the conductivity of the sludge is not recommended. This is particularly the case when there are significant clay layers in the soil that one wants to drill. Indeed, in this case, the clay layers swell and cause a tightening of drilling. In such a terrain, it is necessary to use oil sludge whose conductivity is very low.

On comprend qu'il est donc effectivement utile de disposer d'un train de tiges et donc de tiges de forage qui permettent d'améliorer la conductivité de la boucle de courant définie ci-dessus quelles que soient les propriétés électriques de la boue de forage utilisée.It is understood that it is therefore indeed useful to have a train of rods and therefore drill pipes that improve the conductivity of the current loop defined above regardless of the electrical properties of the drilling mud used.

On comprend également qu'il existe un certain nombre de cas dans lesquels le liquide circulant à l'intérieur des tiges est chargé avec des matériaux découpés du sol qui produisent un effet abrasif important sur la face interne des tiges du fait de leur entraînement par le liquide sous pression. C'est le cas de la circulation dite "inverse" de la boue dans le forage, cette boue étant injectée dans l'espace annulaire entre le forage et le train de tiges et remontant avec les matériaux arrachés à l'intérieur des tiges.It is also understood that there are a number of cases in which the liquid circulating inside the rods is loaded with materials cut from the ground which produce a significant abrasive effect on the inner face of the rods due to their entrainment by the rod. pressurized liquid. This is the case of the so-called "inverse" circulation of the mud in the borehole, this mud being injected into the annular space between the borehole and the drill string and rising with the material torn from the inside of the rods.

Un premier objet de l'invention est de foumir une tige de forage qui permette la transmission d'informations par l'intermédiaire de cette tige quelles que soient les propriétés électriques de la boue servant à réaliser le forage et qui évite le phénomène d'abrasion.A first object of the invention is to provide a drill pipe which allows the transmission of information via this rod whatever the electrical properties of the mud used to drill and which avoids the phenomenon of abrasion.

Pour atteindre ce but, selon l'invention, la tige creuse de forage pour la transmission d'informations, ladite tige étant destinée à être placée dans un forage rempli d'une boue de forage, ladite tige comportant une paroi cylindrique conductrice de l'électricité avec une face interne, une face externe, une première extrémité munie d'un manchon mâle de raccordement et une deuxième extrémité munie d'un manchon femelle de raccordement, se caractérise en ce qu'elle comprend en outre :

  • une couche de matériau isolant électrique recouvrant la face interne de la tige sur toute sa longueur ;
  • une couche conductrice recouvrant ladite couche isolante ;
  • ladite couche de matériau conducteur de l'électricité se terminant à chacune de ses extrémités proches des manchons de raccordement par une bague conductrice reliée électriquement à ladite couche conductrice et en ce que ladite couche conductrice de l'électricité est revêtue sur sa face interne d'une deuxième couche d'un matériau isolant électrique, ladite deuxième couche ne recouvrant pas la face interne desdites bagues qui est au contact de la boue de forage.
To achieve this object, according to the invention, the hollow drill pipe for the transmission of information, said rod being intended to be placed in a borehole filled with a drilling mud, said rod comprising a cylindrical conducting wall of the electricity with an inner face, an outer face, a first end provided with a male connecting sleeve and a second end provided with a female connecting sleeve, is characterized in that it further comprises:
  • a layer of electrical insulating material covering the inner face of the rod over its entire length;
  • a conductive layer covering said insulating layer;
  • said layer of electrically conductive material terminating at each of its ends near the connection sleeves by a conductive ring electrically connected to said conductive layer and in that said electrically conductive layer is coated on its inner face; a second layer of an electrical insulating material, said second layer not covering the inner face of said rings which is in contact with the drilling mud.

On comprend qu'ainsi, sur toute la longueur d'une tige, une partie de la boucle de courant est constituée par la couche conductrice et par les deux bagues conductrices.It is thus understood that over the entire length of a rod, part of the current loop is constituted by the conductive layer and by the two conductive rings.

La couche conductrice constitue une sorte de court-circuit par rapport à la boue contenue dans la tige. Au niveau du raccordement entre les deux tiges, la continuité électrique est assurée par la boue au contact des bagues conductrices des tiges adjacentes. La distance entre les deux bagues étant réduite, cela ne pose pas de problème. En outre, la couche conductrice et les deux bagues conductrices sont isolées électriquement de la paroi de la tige par la couche isolante.The conductive layer is a kind of short circuit compared to the sludge contained in the rod. At the connection between the two rods, the electrical continuity is ensured by the mud in contact with the conductive rings of the adjacent rods. The distance between the two rings being reduced, this is not a problem. In addition, the conductive layer and the two conductive rings are electrically insulated from the wall of the rod by the insulating layer.

De plus, la couche conductrice est protégée mécaniquement par la couche isolante qui la recouvre. Seule la face interne de chaque bague est soumise à l'effet abrasif du liquide circulant dans la tige. Cependant, ces bagues ont une longueur réduite par rapport à la longueur de la tige et peuvent être réalisées avec un matériau conducteur résistant à l'abrasion.In addition, the conductive layer is mechanically protected by the insulating layer which covers it. Only the inner face of each ring is subjected to the abrasive effect of the liquid flowing in the rod. However, these rings have a reduced length relative to the length of the rod and can be made with a conductive material resistant to abrasion.

De préférence, la tige de forage se caractérise en ce que la longueur l de chacune desdites bagues conductrices est comprise entre 0,8 et 2,2 D, D étant le diamètre interne de ladite tige.Preferably, the drill pipe is characterized in that the length l of each of said conductive rings is between 0.8 and 2.2 D, D being the internal diameter of said rod.

De préférence également ladite couche de matériau isolant recouvre également les faces internes des manchons de raccordement au moins pour leurs parties qui ne sont pas en recouvrement mutuel lorsqu'une tige de forage est assemblée à une autre tige de forage.Preferably also said layer of insulating material also covers the inner faces of the connecting sleeves at least for their parts that are not overlapping when a drill pipe is assembled to another drill pipe.

Un deuxième objet de l'invention est de fournir un train de tiges de forage qui permette la transmission d'informations au moins entre l'extrémité inférieure du train et son extrémité supérieure dans des conditions améliorées quelles que soient les propriétés électriques de la boue remplissant le forage en cours de réalisation.A second object of the invention is to provide a drill string that allows the transmission of information at least between the lower end of the train and its upper end under improved conditions regardless of the electrical properties of the mud filling. drilling in progress.

Pour atteindre ce but, le train de tiges de forage pour la transmission d'informations au moins entre l'extrémité inférieure du train et son extrémité supérieure se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend :

  • une pluralité de tiges creuses de forage du type mentionné précédemment, raccordées entre elles par leurs manchons de raccordement ;
  • un outil de forage fixé à l'extrémité inférieure de la tige inférieure dudit train ;
  • un premier ensemble de couplage électromagnétique disposé à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure de la tige inférieure dans l'alésage axial de ladite tige et apte à recevoir des signaux électriques altematifs représentatifs d'informations à transmettre ; et
  • un deuxième ensemble de couplage électromagnétique disposé dans l'alésage axial de la tige supérieure située à l'intérieur du forage ; par quoi ledit deuxième ensemble est apte à recueillir un signal électrique créé par la circulation d'un courant dans une boucle de courant constituée d'une part par ladite couche conductrice, par les bagues conductrices et par la boue à l'intérieur desdites tiges et d'autre part par la paroi desdites tiges et la boue à l'extérieur desdites tiges, ledit courant étant créé par le signal appliqué au premier ensemble de couplage électromagnétique.
To achieve this goal, the drill string for transmitting information at least between the lower end of the train and its upper end is characterized in that it comprises:
  • a plurality of hollow drill pipes of the type mentioned above, connected together by their connecting sleeves;
  • a drilling tool attached to the lower end of the lower rod of said train;
  • a first electromagnetic coupling assembly disposed near the lower end of the lower rod in the axial bore of said rod and adapted to receive alternating electrical signals representative of information to be transmitted; and
  • a second electromagnetic coupling assembly disposed in the axial bore of the upper shaft located within the borehole; whereby said second assembly is adapted to collect an electrical signal created by the circulation of a current in a current loop formed on the one hand by said conductive layer, by the conductive rings and by the sludge inside said rods and on the other hand by the wall of said rods and the sludge outside said rods, said current being created by the signal applied to the first electromagnetic coupling assembly.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit de plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 déjà décrite montre en coupe verticale un train de tiges de forage permettant la transmission d'informations selon une technique de l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle en demi-coupe longitudinale d'un train de deux tiges de forage conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de détail de la figure 2 ; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe verticale d'un train de tiges conforme à l'invention permettant la transmission d'informations.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the following description of several Embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the appended figures, in which:
  • Figure 1 already described shows in vertical section a drill string for the transmission of information according to a technique of the prior art;
  • Figure 2 is a partial longitudinal half-sectional view of a train of two drill pipes according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 is a detail view of Figure 2; and
  • Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of a drill string according to the invention for transmitting information.

En se référant aux figures 2 et 3, on va décrire un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention. Sur ces figures, on a fait apparaître la paroi 521 d'une première tige T1 et la paroi 522 d'une deuxième tige T2, XX' étant l'axe commun à ces deux tiges. Sur cette figure, on a plus particulièrement représenté le manchon de raccordement femelle 60 de la tige T1 et le manchon de raccordement mâle 62 de la tige T2 ainsi que des parties courantes de ces deux tiges. De façon classique, les manchons mâle et femelle sont constitués par des filetages tronconiques 64. La face interne 66 de la tige T2 et la face interne 68 de la tige T1 sont recouvertes par une couche isolante 70. Cette couche isolante est par exemple constituée par une couche d'une résine époxy isolante dont l'épaisseur est de préférence inférieure à 250 µm. D'une manière plus générale, l'épaisseur de la couche isolante dépend des propriétés diélectriques du matériau utilisé. La couche isolante 70 se prolonge sur le début 72 du manchon de raccordement 60 et sur le début 74 du manchon de raccordement 62 de la tige T2. Dans cette zone, les deux manchons de raccordement définissent un évidement 76. De préférence, un joint annulaire isolant d'étanchéité 78 solidaire de l'extrémité 74 du manchon de raccordement 62 est mis en place. Lorsque l'assemblage des deux tiges est terminé, le joint 78 est comprimé pour assurer une étanchéité.Referring to Figures 2 and 3, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described. In these figures, it has shown the wall 52 1 of a first rod T 1 and the wall 52 2 of a second rod T 2 , XX 'being the axis common to these two rods. In this figure, there is shown more particularly the female connecting sleeve 60 of the rod T 1 and the male connecting sleeve 62 of the rod T 2 and the common portions of these two rods. Conventionally, the male and female sleeves are constituted by frustoconical threads 64. The inner face 66 of the rod T 2 and the inner face 68 of the rod T 1 are covered by an insulating layer 70. This insulating layer is for example constituted by a layer of an insulating epoxy resin whose thickness is preferably less than 250 microns. In a more general manner, the thickness of the insulating layer depends on the dielectric properties of the material used. The insulating layer 70 is extended on the beginning 72 of the connecting sleeve 60 and on the beginning 74 of the connecting sleeve 62 of the rod T 2 . In this zone, the two connecting sleeves define a recess 76. Preferably, an insulating seal ring 78 integral with the end 74 of the connecting sleeve 62 is put in place. When the assembly of the two rods is completed, the gasket 78 is compressed to ensure a seal.

Sur la couche isolante 70, on réalise une couche conductrice 80 qui s'étend sur la face interne, sur toute sa longueur, de la couche isolante à l'exception de ses extrémités proches des manchons de raccordement.On the insulating layer 70, a conductive layer 80 is produced which extends on the inner face, over its entire length, of the insulating layer except for its ends close to the connection sleeves.

La couche conductrice 80 est raccordée électriquement à ses extrémités correspondant aux manchons de raccordement 60 et 62 à des bagues conductrices annulaires telles que 84 disposées au droit des manchons de raccordement. Ces bagues 84 sont isolées de la paroi 52 de la tige par la couche isolante 70. Sur la partie courante de la couche conductrice 80, on réalise une deuxième couche isolante de protection 86. Bien entendu, la couche isolante 86 ne recouvre pas les bagues conductrices 84.The conductive layer 80 is electrically connected at its ends corresponding to the connecting sleeves 60 and 62 to annular conductive rings such as 84 arranged in line with the connecting sleeves. These rings 84 are isolated from the wall 52 of the rod by the insulating layer 70. On the current portion of the conductive layer 80, a second insulating protective layer 86 is produced. Of course, the insulating layer 86 does not cover the rings. Conductors 84.

On comprend que les ensembles constitués par la couche conductrice 80 et les bagues conductrices 84 raccordées électriquement aux couches conductrices 80 constituent un court-circuit de la boue contenue dans la tige sur la longueur de celle-ci. Ce résultat est obtenu bien sûr du fait que les bagues conductrices 84 sont directement au contact de la boue contenue à l'intérieur des tiges T, tout en étant isolée de la paroi 52 de la tige.It is understood that the assemblies constituted by the conductive layer 80 and the conductive rings 84 electrically connected to the conductive layers 80 constitute a short circuit of the sludge contained in the rod along the length thereof. This result is obtained of course because the conductive rings 84 are directly in contact with the sludge contained inside the rods T, while being isolated from the wall 52 of the rod.

Il faut ajouter que la continuité électrique entre les couches conductrices 80 au niveau de l'évidement 76 entre deux tiges consécutives est assurée via les bagues 84 et la boue dans des conditions tout à fait acceptables par la boue contenue dans cet évidement quelles que soient les propriétés de la boue en raison de la très faible longueur de l'évidement. On comprend également que la suite des couches conductrices 80 et des bagues 84 est isolée des parois 521, 522 des tiges T1 et T2. Les parois 521 et 522 ainsi que la boue à l'extérieur des tiges constituent le trajet de retour de la boucle de courant.It should be added that the electrical continuity between the conductive layers 80 at the recess 76 between two consecutive rods is provided via the rings 84 and the sludge under conditions quite acceptable by the sludge contained in this recess, whatever the properties of the sludge due to the very short length of the recess. It is also understood that the sequence of conductive layers 80 and rings 84 is isolated from the walls 52 1 , 52 2 of the rods T 1 and T 2 . The walls 52 1 and 52 2 and the sludge outside the rods constitute the return path of the current loop.

La couche conductrice 80 peut avantageusement être constituée par un dépôt de résine époxy conductrice dont l'épaisseur est également de l'ordre de 250 µm.The conductive layer 80 may advantageously be constituted by a deposit of conductive epoxy resin whose thickness is also of the order of 250 microns.

La couche conductrice 80 peut également être réalisée de la manière suivante.The conductive layer 80 may also be made in the following manner.

On part d'un tube métallique dont la longueur est inférieure à celle de la métallisation à réaliser (bagues 84 à mettre en place) et dont le diamètre externe est légèrement inférieur au diamètre interne de la paroi 52 de la tige. On dépose sur la face externe de ce tube la couche isolante 70 et sur sa face interne la couche isolante 86. De plus, ce tube a une épaisseur réduite, au plus égale à 1 mm. Puis, le tube est introduit dans l'alésage de la tige et immobilisé, au moins en translation, dans celle-ci. Cette immobilisation peut être obtenue par tout moyen convenable. On peut utiliser en particulier une expansion du tube, rendue possible par sa faible épaisseur, par échauffement ou par application d'une pression interne.It starts from a metal tube whose length is less than that of the metallization to achieve (rings 84 to set up) and whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than the internal diameter of the wall 52 of the rod. The insulating layer 70 is deposited on the outer face of this tube and on its inner face the insulating layer 86. In addition, this tube has a reduced thickness, at most equal to 1 mm. Then, the tube is introduced into the bore of the rod and immobilized, at least in translation, therein. This immobilization can be obtained by any suitable means. In particular, it is possible to use an expansion of the tube made possible by its thin, by heating or by application of internal pressure.

Dans tous les cas, la couche conductrice 80 est interrompue à ses extrémités pour permettre la mise en place des bagues 84 qui sont reliées électriquement à la couche 80, par exemple par soudage. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la face externe des bagues 84 est recouverte d'une couche isolante prolongeant la couche isolante 70.In all cases, the conductive layer 80 is interrupted at its ends to allow the establishment of the rings 84 which are electrically connected to the layer 80, for example by welding. In this embodiment, the outer face of the rings 84 is covered with an insulating layer extending the insulating layer 70.

Les bagues 84 sont réalisées avec un matériau qui présente une bonne conductibilité électrique pour le couplage électrique avec la boue et une bonne résistance à l'abrasion. Par exemple, les bagues 84 peuvent être réalisées en laiton avec un traitement de surface, par exemple, par nitruration pour augmenter la dureté superficielle de la bague.The rings 84 are made of a material which has good electrical conductivity for electrical coupling with the sludge and good resistance to abrasion. For example, the rings 84 may be made of brass with a surface treatment, for example nitriding to increase the surface hardness of the ring.

De préférence, la longueur de la bague 80 selon l'axe XX' de la tige est comprise entre 0,8 et 2,2 D, D étant le diamètre interne de la tige. Une telle longueur de bague assure un contact électrique suffisant entre la boue et la couche conductrice 80 par l'intermédiaire des bagues.Preferably, the length of the ring 80 along the axis XX 'of the rod is between 0.8 and 2.2 D, D being the internal diameter of the rod. Such a ring length ensures sufficient electrical contact between the sludge and the conductive layer 80 via the rings.

Le diamètre interne D des tiges peut être de l'ordre de 2,5 à 5 cm. La longueur I de la bague est donc de l'ordre de 2,5 cm à 11 cm, ce qui est très réduit par rapport à la longueur totale de la tige qui est de l'ordre de 9 à 10 mètres. La réalisation particulière des bagues 84 ne soulève donc pas de problème particulier vu la longueur réduite de celles-ci.The internal diameter D of the rods may be of the order of 2.5 to 5 cm. The length I of the ring is therefore of the order of 2.5 cm to 11 cm, which is very small compared to the total length of the rod which is of the order of 9 to 10 meters. The particular embodiment of the rings 84 does not raise any particular problem given the reduced length thereof.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 4, on va décrire un mode complet de réalisation d'un train de tiges avec les moyens de transmission d'informations.Referring now to Figure 4, there will be described a complete embodiment of a drill string with the information transmission means.

Sur cette figure, on a représenté un forage en cours de réalisation 90 dans lequel on trouve la boue de forage 92. Dans le forage, on a représenté le train de tiges constitué par la tige inférieure Ti, la tige supérieure Ts et les tiges intermédiaires T. Comme cela est bien connu, la tige supérieure Ts coopère avec une tête de forage 94 qui permet la mise en rotation du train de tiges et la descente progressive de celui-ci dans le forage 90. A l'extrémité inférieure de la tige inférieure Ti est monté un outil de forage 96 de type standard. Cet outil de forage est équipé de capteurs de mesure 98. Conformément aux caractéristiques de l'invention, la face interne 100 des tiges T est recouverte successivement d'une couche isolante 102, d'une couche conductrice 104 munie de ses bagues d'extrémité 105, ces demières étant directement au contact de la boue contenue à l'intérieur des tiges de forage et la deuxième couche isolante 107 recouvrant la partie courante de la couche conductrice 104. Une première bobine de couplage électromagnétique 106 est montée à l'intérieur de la tige inférieure Ti à proximité de son extrémité inférieure. Cette bobine 106 est raccordée électriquement par des conducteurs 108 aux capteurs 98 et se comporte comme une bobine émettrice et éventuellement réceptrice. A l'intérieur de la tige supérieure Ts, on monte une deuxième bobine de couplage électromagnétique 110. Cette bobine 110 est maintenue en dessous du niveau de la boue 92 dans le forage. Cette bobine est réceptrice et éventuellement émettrice.In this figure, there is shown a drilling in progress 90 in which the drilling mud 92 is found. In drilling, there is shown the drill string consisting of the lower rod T i , the upper rod T s and the intermediate rods T. As is well known, the upper rod T s cooperates with a drill bit 94 which allows the rotation of the drill string and the gradual lowering thereof in the borehole 90. At the lower end of the lower rod T i is mounted a drill bit 96 of the standard type. This drilling tool is equipped with measurement sensors 98. In accordance with the features of the invention, the inner face 100 of the rods T is covered successively with a layer 102, a conductive layer 104 provided with its end rings 105, the latter being directly in contact with the sludge contained inside the drill rods and the second insulating layer 107 covering the current portion of the conductive layer 104. A first electromagnetic coupling coil 106 is mounted inside the lower rod T i near its lower end. This coil 106 is electrically connected by conductors 108 to the sensors 98 and behaves like a transmitting coil and possibly receiving. Inside the upper rod T s , a second electromagnetic coupling coil 110 is mounted. This coil 110 is held below the level of the sludge 92 in the borehole. This coil is receiver and possibly emitter.

Comme on l'a déjà expliqué, l'ensemble des tiges avec leurs couches conductrices et isolantes définit une boucle de courant fermée dont une première branche est constituée par les couches conductrices 104 et la boue contenue à l'intérieur des tiges et dont la deuxième branche est constituée par la paroi des tiges elle-même et la boue à l'extérieur du train de tiges. Ces deux branches de la boucle de courant étant raccordées par l'outil de forage 96 à son extrémité inférieure et par des moyens convenables à son extrémité supérieure. La bobine inférieure 106 reçoit des capteurs 98, des signaux électriques représentatifs des mesures effectuées par les capteurs 98. Ces signaux altematifs induisent un courant dans la boucle fermée de courant décrite précédemment. Ce courant alternatif crée dans la deuxième bobine 110 un courant alternatif représentatif de l'information de mesure délivrée par les capteurs 98, la tension créée dans la bobine est transmise à un ensemble de traitement 112 par l'intermédiaire des conducteurs électriques 114 et d'un collecteur tournant au niveau de la tête de forage 94.As already explained, the set of rods with their conductive and insulating layers defines a closed current loop whose first branch consists of the conductive layers 104 and the sludge contained inside the rods and whose second branch is constituted by the wall of the rods itself and the mud on the outside of the drill string. These two branches of the current loop being connected by the drill bit 96 at its lower end and by suitable means at its upper end. The lower coil 106 receives sensors 98, electrical signals representative of the measurements made by the sensors 98. These alternating signals induce a current in the closed current loop described above. This alternating current creates in the second coil 110 an alternating current representative of the measurement information delivered by the sensors 98, the voltage created in the coil is transmitted to a processing unit 112 via the electrical conductors 114 and a manifold rotating at the drill head 94.

Claims (10)

  1. A hollow drilling rod for transmitting information, said rod being for placing in a borehole filled with a drilling mud, said rod (50) comprising an electrically conductive cylindrical wall (52) having an inside face (52a), an outside face, a first end provided with a male coupling sleeve (62), and a second end provided with a female coupling sleeve (60), the rod being characterised in that it further comprises:
    - a layer of electrically insulating material (54) covering the inside face of the rod along its entire length;
    - a conductive layer (56) covering said insulating layer;
    - said layer of electrically conductive material (80) terminating at each of its ends close to the coupling sleeves (60, 62) in a conductive ring (84) which is electrically connected to said conductive layer (80) and in that the inside face of said electrically conductive layer (80) is covered with a second layer (86) of electrically insulating material, said second layer not covering the inside faces of said rings which are in contact with the drilling mud.
  2. A hollow drilling rod according to claim 1, characterised in that said layer of insulating material (70) also covers the inside faces of the coupling sleeves (60, 62), at least for the portions (72, 74) thereof which do not overlap mutually when the drilling rod is assembled to another drilling rod.
  3. A hollow drilling rod according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it further comprises an electrically insulating sealing ring (78) secured to one of the two male or female coupling sleeves (60, 62) In such a manner that said sealing ring provides leaktightness between a male sleeve and a female sleeve when two rods are assembled together.
  4. A drilling rod according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised In that said layer of insulating material (70) constitutes a coating on the inside face of said rod.
  5. A drilling rod according to claim 4, characterised in that said layer of insulating material (70) is made of an insulating epoxy resin.
  6. A drilling rod according to claim 5, characterised in that said layer of insulating material (70) is less than 250 µm thick.
  7. A drilling rod according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that said electrically conductive layer (80) is a layer of conductive epoxy resin.
  8. A drilling rod according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the conductive layer (80) is constituted by a tube of conductive material of a thickness that is no greater than a few millimeters, in that the insulating layer (70) is constituted by depositing an insulating material on the outside face of said tube, said tube being held stationary inside said rod.
  9. A drilling rod according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the length (ℓ) of each of said conductive rings (84) lies in the range 0.8 D to 2.2 D, where D is the inside diameter of said rod.
  10. A string of drilling rods for transmitting information at least between the bottom end of the string and its top end, the string being characterised In that it comprises:
    - a plurality of hollow drilling rods (T) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, said rods being assembled to one another via their coupling sleeves;
    - a drilling tool (96) fixed to the bottom end of the bottom rod of said string;
    - a first electromagnetic coupling assembly (106) placed close to the bottom end of the bottom rod in the axial bore of said rod and suitable for receiving alternating electrical signals representative of information to be transmitted; and
    - a second electromagnetic coupling assembly (110) placed in the axial bore of the top rod situated inside the borehole; whereby said second assembly is suitable for picking up an electrical signal created by current circulating in a current loop constituted firstly by said conductive layer (80) and by said conductive rings (84) and by the mud inside said rods, and secondly by the walls of said rods and the mud outside said rods, said current being created by the signal applied to the first electromagnetic coupling assembly.
EP02290125A 2001-01-22 2002-01-18 Hollow drill pipe for transmitting information Expired - Lifetime EP1225301B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0100798 2001-01-22
FR0100798A FR2819851B1 (en) 2001-01-22 2001-01-22 HOLLOW DRILL ROD FOR TRANSMITTING INFORMATION

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EP1225301A1 EP1225301A1 (en) 2002-07-24
EP1225301B1 true EP1225301B1 (en) 2006-03-29

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US (1) US6952170B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1225301B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE321932T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60210235D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2819851B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1050234A1 (en)

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FR2965602B1 (en) * 2010-10-04 2013-08-16 Electronique Ind De L Ouest Tronico TUBE FOR TRANSPORTING SUBSTANCES AND ASSEMBLING TUBES THEREFOR
CN102454367A (en) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 中国石油化工集团公司 Power and signal transmission drill stem
WO2012082748A2 (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Data transmission in drilling operation environments
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CN105283624A (en) 2013-05-08 2016-01-27 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 Insulated conductor for downhole drilling
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Publication number Publication date
HK1050234A1 (en) 2003-06-13
US20020113716A1 (en) 2002-08-22
EP1225301A1 (en) 2002-07-24
FR2819851B1 (en) 2003-08-15
ATE321932T1 (en) 2006-04-15
FR2819851A1 (en) 2002-07-26
DE60210235D1 (en) 2006-05-18
US6952170B2 (en) 2005-10-04

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