EP1222340A1 - Coffrage a paroi filtrante - Google Patents
Coffrage a paroi filtranteInfo
- Publication number
- EP1222340A1 EP1222340A1 EP00971470A EP00971470A EP1222340A1 EP 1222340 A1 EP1222340 A1 EP 1222340A1 EP 00971470 A EP00971470 A EP 00971470A EP 00971470 A EP00971470 A EP 00971470A EP 1222340 A1 EP1222340 A1 EP 1222340A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- skin
- formwork
- bar
- tensioning
- formwork according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/20—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8658—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms using wire netting, a lattice or the like as form leaves
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
- E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
- E04C5/064—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts the reinforcing elements in each plane being formed by, or forming a, mat of longitunal and transverse bars
Definitions
- the invention relates to a formwork with a filtering wall.
- Concrete structures are of two types: - horizontal (in the case of slabs),
- the concrete necessarily in the fluid state at the time of pouring, remains in the fluid state until setting and therefore applies to the walls of the formwork a hydrostatic pressure proportional to the pouring height.
- This method describes a formwork of which at least one of the faces is composed of a metal grid, which allows the evacuation of the excess water contained in the concrete, which makes this concrete pass from the fluid state to the state of semisolid.
- the filling material which no longer behaves like a fluid no longer develops high forces on the walls and makes it possible to work with lighter forms (for example 50 to 80 times) than those used in conventional methods.
- the wall consists of thin strips of steel located in the junction plane of these two materials and substantially perpendicular to the general face of the structure.
- the object of the invention seeks to remedy these drawbacks and in particular the drawbacks listed above and particularly those resulting from corrosion of the skin and of the structural elements.
- the formwork with filtering wall comprises a load-bearing reinforcement having on at least one of its two faces a filtering wall having gaps of determined sizes to allow excess water to escape from the concrete but in particular to retain aggregates, this formwork with wall being characterized in that the filtering wall consists of a flexible skin maintained, on the one hand, at a predetermined distance from the supporting frame by spacers and, on the other hand, stretched by means of voltage.
- FIG. 7 an elevation view of a detail of the grid after being put in traction
- FIG. 10 a perspective view of an embodiment of the structure / wall attachment clip
- FIG. 11 a plan view of the same embodiment of the structure / wall / connecting hook attachment clip
- FIG. 12 perspective view of the fitting on the wall of the hanging clip in wall-only mode
- FIG. 13 perspective view of the installation on the wall of the hanging clip in wall mode associated with a frame cage
- FIG. 14 an elevational view of a type of hanging clip
- FIG. 17 a partial view in cross section of the formwork according to the invention in use for slabs
- FIG. 18 a partial view in longitudinal section of the formwork according to the invention in use for slabs
- FIG. 19 a perspective view of the wall using the veil
- FIG. 20 a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the smooth panel clip
- FIG. 21 a sectional view of the fasteners in the upper and lower parts of the membrane skin on the resistant skeleton.
- FIG. 22 sectional view along the height of the parts constituting the wall according to an isolated mode,
- - Figure 24 view of the fixing part of the coating on the carrier element of the web
- - Figure 25 perspective view of a wall according to an isolated mode
- FIGS. 27a, 27b perspective views of a structure with clip
- FIG. 28 perspective view of a formwork with clip.
- this filtering wall formwork comprises a supporting frame 2 having on at least one of its two faces a filtering wall 3 having gaps of determined sizes to allow excess water to escape from the concrete but in particular to retain aggregates, .
- this formwork the filtering wall consists of a flexible skin 3A maintained, on the one hand, at a predetermined distance from the support frame by spacing pieces 4 and, on the other hand, stretched in at least two orthogonal directions by tensioning means.
- the flexible skin does not keep its position in a plane. It is important that after tensioning this flexible skin, it remains in a plane and does not curve. It is not the pressure of the concrete which gives the tension of the flexible wall.
- the inertia filtering formwork wall object of the invention, consists of the following elements, described from the outside to the inside, that is to say from the surface to the heart of the filling.
- a skin 3A is produced by weaving son of composite material, for example, glass fiber epoxy resin.
- the wires will be of direction substantially perpendicular and will form approximately rectangular regular openings, the size of which will depend on the particle size of the filling material that will be used (for example 8 x 10 cm for a concrete whose large aggregates are 5/15 and whose SLUMP is 14 cm).
- the material retained for the threads constituting the skin must have mechanical characteristics (resistance and modulus of elasticity) making it possible to withstand the tensile forces during assembly (25 kg per thread for example) and be inert with respect to filling materials and atmospheric agents.
- this skin has, along generatrices, elongated loops 5 which extend orthogonally to the plane of the wall, which loops are associated with the support structure by a so-called locking bar 6 engaged behind the vertical elements 7 of the structure. carrier, and through these loops is engaged a second bar 8 said of tensioning maintained at a distance from the first bar by pieces 4 said of braced spacing between the tensioning bar and the structure 2 carrier.
- the loops are created using the tensioning bar of small, substantially cylindrical section (diameter 2 mm for example) made of material inert to corrosion with respect to the filling materials. and atmospheric agents (eg stainless steel).
- This bar is inserted during or after the realization of the skin, so as to delimit a succession of loops with the skin.
- the length of each loop depends on the level of coating desired, for example 30 mm.
- the weaving of the bar with the skin is carried out so as to leave the threads perpendicular to the loop which constitute the skin, alternately above and below the bar.
- the outer wire of the skin parallel to the blocking loop will have a “zig-zag” path as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
- At least locally parts 4 for maintaining the spacing between the formwork skin and the support structure.
- spacing-maintaining parts 4 bear, on the one hand, on the so-called concrete reinforcing bars 7 constituting the support structure and the tensioning bar 8 located as close as possible to the shuttering skin.
- This spacer or spacer will be non-deformable under the tensile force of the spring formed by the tension of the loops.
- the tensile spring effect is achieved, for example, by the tensile elasticity of the skin loops and the low elastic deformation of the tensioning and locking bars.
- the structure is undeformable.
- the formwork consists of:
- irons 7 of supports which are substantially parallel and equidistant from each other and situated in a plane substantially perpendicular to those of the composite beams described above, - spacers 4 or spacers which will determine the position of the beam plans between them,
- a spring effect system 100 which develops in traction a force between the bars 6 and 8 of the composite beam.
- the spacer determines a spacing between the planes containing the axes of the tensioning and locking bars, while imposing a substantially orthogonal position between these two axes. This distance is greater than the length at rest of the spring (loop), increased by the half diameter of the support iron, plus the diameter of the locking bar 6.
- the spring 100 which is in a state of traction develops forces F400 and F'400 at the level of the fastenings on the tensioning and locking bars.
- reaction force F400 is applied to the contact zone which can be reduced to a point between the iron 7 and the locking bar.
- This force F400 and its reaction F300 have induced a force F530 of friction which depends on the materials in contact and which will be much higher if the bars or irons in “Tor” steel for example, present reliefs intended to increase the attachment of these reinforcements in the filling product.
- the formwork skin has five functions:
- - secondary function allow the evacuation of excess water or water of mobility of the filling material in order to make it pass from the fluid state to the semi-solid state by bringing the solid aggregates that compose it into contact
- - third function connecting the components of the structure
- - fourth function to develop the traction forces which will result from the spring 100
- - fifth function define the surface between the filling volume and the outside. Under the effect of the efforts of pouring the filling material, this surface must not present deformations greater than those authorized by the rules of the art. The primary function will be carried out thanks to the dimensions given to these openings and the size of the wires which determine them.
- the mesh size will be less than the largest of the dimensions of the aggregate used in the composition of the filling material (10 mm for example).
- the skin will be wide open.
- the surface will be constituted by an interweaving of fine elements (wires for example) which determine voids of determined section.
- the third function is carried out by forming loops which are arranged at substantially equal distances (100 mm for example) on the veil which constitutes the skin.
- loops surround the locking bar at the end furthest from the general surface of the skin.
- the intersection of the loop plane and the general plane is located on one of the threads which constitute the skin.
- the tensioning bar 8 is disposed in abutment with the intersection wire.
- the tensioning bar is associated with the skin so as to pass alternately above and below the loop threads perpendicular to the general surface of the skin (Figure 4).
- the line described by the intersection wire is a broken line whose distance "v" is determined by the diameter of the locking bar 8 and the wires that make up the skin.
- the tensioning bar 8 will be rewoven on the chain of the trellis.
- This reweaving will be carried out after elongation of the weft thread of the skin intersection of the loop plane with the general plane of the skin so that the distance L1 does not vary.
- the fourth function is carried out by setting up the spacing pieces 4 which bear on the bars by means of shapes or notches.
- the distance D6 from the support planes will be greater than the value D4 - D3 determined by the length D1 of the skin loop at rest and the sections of the bars 6, 7 and 8. Thanks to this arrangement, the installation of the spacer will cause an elongation of the warp threads of the loops perpendicular to the general surface of the skin which will determine a tensile force (10 kg / thread for example), depending on the characteristics of the threads making up the skin. Furthermore, in order to ensure perfect stability of all of the beams which constitute the structure, the locking notches of the spacing pieces on the support irons will be located in planes intersecting those on the setting bars. voltage.
- the fifth function is performed as shown in FIG. 4 by tensioning before laying struts of the warp threads of the general surface of the skin perpendicular to the planes of loops and situated between these loops;
- This arrangement which limits the passage of large aggregates which enter into the composition of the filling material, allows, at constant value of this diameter of large aggregates, to increase the value of L2, therefore to decrease the number of skin threads and thereby even lower the price of this skin.
- the tensile forces determine a prestress of the skin threads which will behave like a stretched membrane.
- the skin is fixed in the upper part and in the lower part on end pieces 13.
- This attachment can be achieved for example by means of rivets 14 which trap the weft and warp threads of the skin in a groove 15 made in the end pieces.
- the end pieces are provided with bores 16 in which the structural bars are engaged with a clearance calculated so as to make a bracing under the bending moment caused by the tensile force imposed on the skin.
- the support of the clips 4 on the formwork skin is carried out on different locking bars 8 thanks to guides 10a and 10b.
- the locking on the support bar 7 is carried out according to at least one support 9a (and possibly 9b) located in a substantially median position of the spacer 4.
- the shapes of the supports 9a (and 9b) allow the guidance of the hooks which connect the two layers of reinforcement placed on both sides of the concrete structure.
- the spacers 4 can be fixed before assembly of the panel on the hooks connecting the two reinforcement beds of the structure.
- the dimensions of the spacers 4 have, at rest, values of distance L between supports and H height when empty, which allow the filtering skin to be put in traction after the spacer is released and the latter is blocked on the bar 7.
- This arrangement also reduces the risk of deformation of the filtering skin during the pouring of the filling material.
- the skin tends to flex between its supports formed by the beam composed of the folds and the bars 6 and 8.
- this insulator will be placed on the outer face of the structure to be insulated.
- the insulating filtering formwork wall consists of the following elements which are described from the outside to the inside, i.e. the wall / atmosphere surface at the heart of the filling: - a finishing plaster 34 performing the function of '' waterproof against rainwater,
- spacers 27 made of insulating material of the same nature or not as the fibrous insulation and placed between the skin and the insulation,
- the fibrous insulation 25 which serves as a formwork face for the filling material 120, and disposed between the folds of the skin.
- This fibrous insulation can either be cut into strips of height equal to or slightly greater than the distance separating the folds from the skin, or preferentially directly projected onto the plate (26) by encompassing the folds within its volume, - the material filling 12 which is generally concrete,
- This fixing part 29 consisting of:
- a sealing portion 32 in the form of a spring enabling the constituents of the insulator to be kept in compression against the skin and, after the filling material has hardened, the part 29 is sealed in said filling material 120,
- the folds of the skin are enlarged so as to contain the thickness of the various constituents of the insulating function, that is to say the fibrous insulator 25, the plate of insulating material 26 and the spacers 27.
- the folds always include the tensioning bar, as described above, and include a new tensioning bar 200 located at the exterior level of the skin making it possible to block the warp and weft threads during the traction exerted on the skin.
- the plaster fixing part 29 is fitted, at least in the part intended to be embedded in the plaster and up to the fibrous material, with a sheath 30 made of elastic material (“Neoprene” by example)
- the son which constitute the skin are insulating in thermal and / or acoustic material.
- the vibrations applied to the mass of the coating 34 are only transmitted to the mass of the filling 12 through a spring function, coupled with a damping function produced by the fibrous insulation, slight compression on the skin by the forces due to the low hydrostatic pressure when the filling is poured against this filtering wall
- the thermal resistance the value of which mainly consists of the resistance of the fibrous material, is not short-circuited by bridges.
- the “wall + insulation + plaster” complex benefits from the maximum thermal inertia constituted by the mass of the filling.
- an insulator partially or completely fibrous but of a nature permeable to water; this insulator, which may be composed of one or more materials, one of which makes it possible to produce the projection wall for the fibrous insulating part.
- This fibrous insulator is welded to the mass of the filling material by incorporation on the surface of the milt of said filling material.
- Said insulator, composite or not, is provided on one of the faces with a profile in the form of notches ensuring an air passage on the face opposite to that in contact with the filling material.
- the exterior coating is projected onto a film placed on the tops of the forms of support for the insulation, and being reinforced by the weft and warp threads which constitute the grid.
- the coating is linked to the mass of the filling material by means of fasteners, one end of which is sealed to the coating and the other to the filling material.
- the fastening parts are arranged in intersecting planes, at least one of the ends of which is covered with a sheath made of elastic insulating material.
- the fasteners are terminated, in the part intended to be sealed in the mass of the filling material, by a spring ensuring effective sealing in said filling material and compression of the insulation against the grid before pouring of the latter.
- the folds of the grid extend so as to pass through the insulation and the air space.
- the folds are blocked by a second blocking thread woven into the chain, so as to ensure the exterior continuity of the skin and its tensioning.
- the bars 6 and iron 7 are those of one of the faces of the reinforcement cage.
- the filtering formwork wall arranged on the underside rests on intermediate supports 140, arranged at sufficient intervals before resuming the loads consecutive to the pouring of the concrete as well as those caused by the workers ensuring the implementation.
- the formwork thus obtained offers the advantage of a three-dimensional structure whose resistance to bending forces is much higher than that of traditional formwork a face.
- the distance between the support struts 140 can be increased and their number of these struts reduced, which results in a reduction in the time and therefore in the installation cost.
- the complex produced by the juxtaposition of these two technologies does not have an upper wall. The casting is carried out without difficulty by the upper face.
- the reinforcements of the cage are by construction located at a distance from the formwork face greater than that required to ensure minimum coating.
- the additional reinforcements which rest on those which constitute the cage are obviously and without adding spacers at a regulatory distance.
- the bars 6 and 7 are those of one of the faces of the reinforcement cage.
- the filtering formwork wall arranged on one face allows the evacuation of excess water or water of mobility and thereby ensures the passage of filling from the fluid state to the semi-solid state, which results in a significant reduction in hydrostatic pressure (which is divided on the order of 7 to 10 compared to traditional pouring between waterproof formwork).
- a filter wall identical to that which is the subject of the invention or preferably, a sealed wall.
- the rough and bumpy final surface obtained thanks to the filtering wall, has an additional advantage with regard to the attachment capacities for waterproof cladding of exterior finish.
- a veil has an outer face which will be covered with an outer finish, the other inner can be rough or simply treated with a painted coating. This interior face should be as smooth and resistant as possible.
- the waterproof wall 130 which may be wooden, metallic or made of another material, is thin because of the small importance of the forces, resulting from the hydrostatic pressure, applied to these faces. It can therefore be very long (2.5 meters for example) and height under multiple of that of the height of the sail to be made (0.5 meters for example).
- the sealing walls are fixed by means of clips 140 fixed at the required interval (0.5 meters for example) on the vertical reinforcements which are perpendicular to the largest joint line (horizontal in the example described).
- the present description also applies by permuting height and length as well as vertical and horizontal.
- the clips determine a space at least equal to the value defined as minimum coating value for reinforcing steel by regulations.
- This value is defined by the ribs between the hooking form 60 on the rebar which is substantially perpendicular to the largest joint line of the panel 130 and the bearing face of said panel.
- This bearing face is itself determined by the distance between the sides of the clip which is substantially equal to the thickness of the waterproof shuttering panels.
- the part integral with the filling material after the latter has taken hold comprises initiators 61 of torsional rupture situated inside the filling material.
- the reinforcements of the cage are, by construction, located at a distance from the shuttering face greater than that required to ensure minimum coating.
- the additional reinforcements which rest on those which constitute the cage are obviously and without adding spacers, at a prescribed distance.
Landscapes
- Architecture (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
- Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9913464 | 1999-10-22 | ||
FR9913464A FR2800109B1 (fr) | 1999-10-22 | 1999-10-22 | Coffrage a paroi filtrante |
PCT/FR2000/002933 WO2001029342A1 (fr) | 1999-10-22 | 2000-10-20 | Coffrage a paroi filtrante |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1222340A1 true EP1222340A1 (fr) | 2002-07-17 |
EP1222340B1 EP1222340B1 (fr) | 2006-01-11 |
Family
ID=9551445
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00971470A Expired - Lifetime EP1222340B1 (fr) | 1999-10-22 | 2000-10-20 | Coffrage a paroi filtrante |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1222340B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE315696T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU1032001A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60025512T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2261249T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2800109B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001029342A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AUPR875601A0 (en) * | 2001-11-03 | 2001-11-29 | Hills, Danny | Building component |
FR2841920B1 (fr) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-09-24 | Francoise Dauron | Paroi filtrante d'un coffrage perdu, moyens de fabrication de la paroi filtrante, procede de fabrication de la paroi filtrante et coffrage equipe avec la paroi filtrante |
US11274447B2 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-03-15 | Hawkeyepedershaab Concrete Technologies, Inc | Lift hole forming device for concrete products |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1424112A (en) * | 1973-02-07 | 1976-02-11 | Turzillo L A | Method and apparatus for producing sub-aqueous and other cast-in- place concrete structures in situ |
FR2564879B1 (fr) * | 1984-05-22 | 1988-02-26 | Brami Max | Procede pour l'edification de murs de constructions et elements de structure pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
FR2692303A1 (fr) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-17 | Coffratherm Ste Civile Invente | Coffrage pour réaliser un mur en béton et mur notamment chauffant obtenu. |
JPH10512028A (ja) * | 1996-05-30 | 1998-11-17 | イエラ モイセス アルバレス | 建造物およびフェンス用の簡略化された建設法 |
-
1999
- 1999-10-22 FR FR9913464A patent/FR2800109B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-10-20 ES ES00971470T patent/ES2261249T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-20 DE DE60025512T patent/DE60025512T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-20 EP EP00971470A patent/EP1222340B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-20 AU AU10320/01A patent/AU1032001A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-20 WO PCT/FR2000/002933 patent/WO2001029342A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-20 AT AT00971470T patent/ATE315696T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0129342A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60025512T2 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
AU1032001A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
WO2001029342A1 (fr) | 2001-04-26 |
FR2800109A1 (fr) | 2001-04-27 |
FR2800109B1 (fr) | 2002-01-11 |
DE60025512D1 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
EP1222340B1 (fr) | 2006-01-11 |
ATE315696T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
ES2261249T3 (es) | 2006-11-16 |
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