EP1222025A2 - Möglicherweise dikationische nicht-metallocenkomplexe von metallen der gruppe 4 mit anionischen n, o or p liganden - Google Patents
Möglicherweise dikationische nicht-metallocenkomplexe von metallen der gruppe 4 mit anionischen n, o or p ligandenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1222025A2 EP1222025A2 EP00975243A EP00975243A EP1222025A2 EP 1222025 A2 EP1222025 A2 EP 1222025A2 EP 00975243 A EP00975243 A EP 00975243A EP 00975243 A EP00975243 A EP 00975243A EP 1222025 A2 EP1222025 A2 EP 1222025A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- metal
- groups
- lewis
- atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N benzene-d6 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H] UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 methyltris(pentafluorophenyl)borate Chemical compound 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 9
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYBQOWXCLDXZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3,2-benzodioxaborol-2-yl)-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2OB1B1OC2=CC=CC=C2O1 WYBQOWXCLDXZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004407 fluoroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- KMCDRSZVZMXKRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)boranyl-(dimethylamino)boranyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)B(N(C)C)B(N(C)C)N(C)C KMCDRSZVZMXKRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- POHPFVPVRKJHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)alumane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F POHPFVPVRKJHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N (4e)-hexa-1,4-diene Chemical class C\C=C\CC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-octadiene Chemical class C=CCCCCC=C XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxaluminane Chemical compound C[Al]1CCCCO1 AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000191368 Chlorobi Species 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ipazine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 OWYWGLHRNBIFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium Chemical class [Li][Li] SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YDGSUPBDGKOGQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;dimethylazanide Chemical compound [Li+].C[N-]C YDGSUPBDGKOGQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcycloheptane Chemical compound CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOLWORTYZPSMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)boranyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)B(N(C)C)N(C)C SOLWORTYZPSMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N oxolane-d8 Chemical compound [2H]C1([2H])OC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C1([2H])[2H] WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004260 weight control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MIPAPDLHDVYRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)OC1=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C(C)C=C1C(C)(C)C MIPAPDLHDVYRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical class C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical class [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021482 group 13 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;bromide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Br-] NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SDWBRBLWPQDUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-boranyl-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound BN(C)C SDWBRBLWPQDUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930015698 phenylpropene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanyl Chemical group [PH2] FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UOULCEYHQNCFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydroxymethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])(=O)=O UOULCEYHQNCFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylborane Chemical compound CB(C)C WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/2243—At least one oxygen and one nitrogen atom present as complexing atoms in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0211—Oxygen-containing compounds with a metal-oxygen link
- B01J31/0214—Aryloxylates, e.g. phenolates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0252—Nitrogen containing compounds with a metal-nitrogen link, e.g. metal amides, metal guanidides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0271—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0231
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
- B01J31/143—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/10—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages containing nitrogen having a Si-N linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0238—Complexes comprising multidentate ligands, i.e. more than 2 ionic or coordinative bonds from the central metal to the ligand, the latter having at least two donor atoms, e.g. N, O, S, P
- B01J2531/0258—Flexible ligands, e.g. mainly sp3-carbon framework as exemplified by the "tedicyp" ligand, i.e. cis-cis-cis-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/40—Complexes comprising metals of Group IV (IVA or IVB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/46—Titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compounds that are useful, inter alia, as catalysts or catalyst components. More particularly, the present invention relates to dicationic compounds comprising a Group 4 metal atom (Ti, Zr, Hf) that are particularly adapted for use in the coordination polymerization of unsaturated compounds. Such compounds are particularly advantageous for use in a polymerization process wherein at least one polymerizable monomer is combined under polymerization conditions with a catalyst or catalyst composition to form a polymeric product.
- dicationic compounds comprising a Group 4 metal atom (Ti, Zr, Hf) that are particularly adapted for use in the coordination polymerization of unsaturated compounds.
- Such compounds are particularly advantageous for use in a polymerization process wherein at least one polymerizable monomer is combined under polymerization conditions with a catalyst or catalyst composition to form a polymeric product.
- certain specifically substituted bis-Cp zirconocenedimethyl complexes may be converted to a dicationic derivative at -60°C using multiple equivalents of trispentafiuorophenylborane.
- the resulting metallocenes required the presence of either pendant phosphine moieties or benzyl groups on the cyclopentadienyl ring system and two equivalents of the methyltris(pentafluorophenyl)borate anion for charge balance.
- Y 1 and Y 2 independently each occurrence is an anionic ligand group that is covalently bonded to M by means of a sigma bond through an oxygen, phosphorus or nitrogen atom, and containing up to 50 atoms, not counting hydrogen, said Y 1 and Y 2 optionally being joined through bridging group, J, and further optionally, Y 1 and Y 2 may also contain a coordinate/covalent bound to M;
- J is an optional divalent bridging group having up to 20 atoms not counting hydrogen; j is 0 or 1 ;
- M is a Group 4 metal
- X 1 independently each occurrence is a Lewis base; x 1 is 0, 1 or 2; and A " independently each occurrence is an anion of up to 50 atoms other than hydrogen, derived or derivable from a Lewis acid, said A " optionally forming an adduct with the metal complex by means of a ⁇ -bridging group, and further optionally two A " groups may be joined together thereby forming a single dianion, optionally containing one or more ⁇ -bridging groups.
- the compounds of the invention may be formed by contacting a charge-neutral
- Group 4 metal coordination complex having two monovalent, anionic ligand groups, X (or optionally the two X groups together form a single divalent, anionic ligand group), or precursor(s) thereof (catalyst) with at least 2 molar equivalents of a charge-neutral, Lewis acid compound (activator), A, or a mixture thereof, such that the X groups of the Group 4 metal coordination complex are abstracted or partially abstracted, thereby forming a charge separated cation/anion pair, a zwitterionic metal complex, or a complex having both cation/anion and zwitterion functionality.
- the molar ratio of catalyst:activator employed in the foregoing process is from 1 :2 to 1 :10, more preferably the ratio is from 1 :2 to 1 :3, and most preferably from 1 :2 to 1 :2.5.
- Y 1 , Y 2 , M, J, j, X, X 1 , x 1 , A, and A " are as previously defined.
- the present invented compounds are stable at elevated temperatures of at least 0°C, preferably at least 20°C up to as high as 150°C or higher and are usefully employed in a process for polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers under solution, slurry, high pressure, or gas phase polymerization conditions. Relatively high molecular weight polymers may be readily obtained by use of the present metal complexes in the foregoing polymerization processes.
- metal complexes are suitably employed as initiators or catalysts for cationic polymerizations, such as the cationic polymerization of styrene or isobutylene, ring opening polymerizations, such as the polymerization of oxiranes or epoxides, especially propylene oxide, and the copolymerization of an olefin, especially ethylene, with a ring openable monomer.
- cationic polymerizations such as the cationic polymerization of styrene or isobutylene
- ring opening polymerizations such as the polymerization of oxiranes or epoxides, especially propylene oxide
- copolymerization of an olefin, especially ethylene especially ethylene
- the present invention additionally provides a process for the polymerization of one or more ethylenically unsaturated, addition polymerizable monomers comprising contacting the same, optionally in the presence of an inert aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon, under polymerization conditions with the above metal complex, or alternatively, forming the above metal complex in situ in the presence of or prior to addition to, a reaction mixture comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable compounds.
- Lewis acid in reference to activator compounds herein, is meant compounds that are sufficiently electrophilic, such that a fully charge separated cation/anion pair, a ⁇ - bridged complex or a zwiterionic complex is formed upon combination of the respective catalyst and activators.
- Preferred anionic ligand groups, X are hydrocarbyl, silyl, N,N- dialkylamido and alkanediylamido groups of up to 20 atoms not counting hydrogen, or two such X groups together are an alkanediyl or alkenediyl group which together with M form a metallocycloalkane or metallocycloalkene.
- partially dicationic is meant that at least one A " group (or the entity formed from two A " groups collectively) is not fully charge separated from the metal center, M, or that at least one A " group (or the entity formed from two A " groups collectively) form a zwitterionic complex.
- Preferred activators, A are aluminum compounds containing at least one halohydrocarbyl ligand, preferably a fluoroaryl ligand. More preferred are tri(halohydrocarbyl)aluminum compounds having up to 50 atoms other than hydrogen, especially tri(fluoroaryl) aluminum compounds, most preferably tris(perfluoroaryl)aluminum compounds, and most highly preferably tris(pentafluorophenyl)aluminum.
- the activator compound may be used in pure form or in the form of an adduct with a Lewis base such as an ether.
- Suitable Lewis acidic activators may be prepared by exchange between tris(pentafluorophenyl)boron and alkylaluminum- or alkyaluminumoxy- compounds such as alumoxanes or diisobutyl(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)aluminum, as disclosed in Biagini et.al., US-A-5,602,269, and pending application USSN 09/330673 (WO00/09515).
- the aluminum containing Lewis acids may be previously prepared and used in a relatively pure state or generated in situ by any of the foregoing techniques in the presence of the metal complex.
- tris(perfluoroaryl)borane compounds especially tris(pentafluoro-phenyl)boron
- MAO methylalumoxane
- MMAO triisobutylaluminum- modified methylalumoxane
- This reaction product of tris(perfluoroaryl)boron with an alumoxane comprises a tris(fluoraryl)aluminum component of high Lewis acidity and a form of alumoxane which is rendered more Lewis acidic by the inherent removal of trimethylaluminum (TMA) via exchange to form trimethylborane.
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- Ar f is a fluorinated aromatic hydrocarbyl moiety of from 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably fluoroaryl, more preferably perfluoroaryl, and most preferably pentafluorophenyl;
- Q 1 is d- 20 alkyl, preferably methyl;
- Q 2 is C ⁇ - 2 o hydrocarbyl, optionally substituted with one or more groups which independently each occurrence are hydrocarbyloxy, hydrocarbylsiloxy, hydrocarbylsilylamino, di(hydrocarbylsilyl)amino, hydrocarbylamino, di(hydrocarbyl)amino, di(hydrocarbyl)phosphino, or hydrocarbylsulfido groups having from 1 to 20 atoms other than hydrogen, or, optionally, two or more Q 2 groups may be covalently linked with each other to form one or more fused rings or ring systems; w' is a number from 0 to 3; w is a number from 0 to 1.0; preferably from 0.5 to 1.0, more preferably from 0.8 to 1.0; x' is a number from 0 to 3; x is a number from 1.0 to 0; preferably from 0.5 to 0, more preferably from 0.2 to 0; y' is a number from
- the moieties may exist as discrete entities or as dynamic exchange products. That is, the foregoing formula is an idealized representation of the composition, which may actually exist in equilibrium with additional exchange products.
- An additional suitable Lewis acid activator may be formed in situ by reaction of residual or excess Lewis acid activator, prefearbly, tris(pentaflurophenyl)aluminum, with the anion resulting from initial abstraction of an X group from the metal complex.
- anions resulting from the foregoing reaction are of the formula: [A- ⁇ X-A] ' , where, A- is the monovalent ligand derivative of A, preferably -AI(C 6 F 5 ) 3 , and ⁇ X is the ⁇ - bridged derivative of X, preferably a ⁇ -methyl group.
- An example of such an anion is [(C 6 F 5 ) 3 AI- ⁇ -CH 3 -AI(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ] ' .
- the group 4 metal complex and originally formed anion form a rather stable coordination pair under normal reaction conditions, the formation of the foregoing ⁇ -methyl bridged anion is likely observed only under reaction conditions that would favor destabilization of the previously disclosed coordination pair.
- anion A are ligands of the formula: [M 1 Q 4 ] ⁇ where M 1 is a Group 13 metal or metalloid, preferably Al, and Q independently each occurrence is an anionic ligand group, preferably an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or fluorinated aromatic ligand, that optionally may form a ⁇ -bridge to the metal, M.
- M 1 is a Group 13 metal or metalloid, preferably Al
- Q independently each occurrence is an anionic ligand group, preferably an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or fluorinated aromatic ligand, that optionally may form a ⁇ -bridge to the metal, M.
- Most preferred examples of this type of A " anion are is [CH 3 AI(C 6 F5)3] " and [ ⁇ -CH 3 AI(C 6 F5)3] ⁇ .
- Exemplary J groups include O, as well as groups corresponding to the formula: (ER * 2 ) e , (BNR * 2 ) e , or PR * 2 BR 6 2 , wherein,
- R 6 independently each occurrence is halide, or C M2 hydrocarbyl.
- Suitable compounds according to the present invention include compounds having the following structures: where M, R 1 , and A " are as previously defined, and
- R 2 independently each occurrence is H or a hydrocarbyl, silyl, or trihydrocarbylsilyl- substituted hydrocarbyl group, said group having up to 20 atoms not counting hydrogen.
- some or all of the bonds between M, Y 1 and Y 2 may possess partial bond characteristics.
- R 1 is a primary alkyl group
- an electronic interaction between the nitrogen and either one or both of the anionic moieties, A " may occur.
- the process for preparing the dicationic complexes of the invention is conducted at temperatures from -80 to 220°C, preferably from 25 to 50°C, and preferably in a hydrocarbon diluent or solvent, especially C 4 . 12 aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons or a mixture thereof.
- Suitable addition polymerizable monomers for use with the foregoing novel catalyst compositions include ethylenically unsaturated monomers, acetylenic compounds, conjugated or non-conjugated dienes, and polyenes.
- Preferred monomers include olefins, for example alpha-olefins having from 2 to 20,000, preferably from 2 to 20, more preferably from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and combinations of two or more of such alpha-olefins.
- alpha-olefins include, for example, ethylene, propylene, 1 -butene, isobutylene, 1 -pentene, 4-methylpentene-1 , 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1- decene, 1 -undecene, 1 -dodecene, 1 -tridecene, 1 -tetradecene, 1 -pentadecene, or combinations thereof, as well as long chain vinyl terminated oligomeric or polymeric reaction products formed during the polymerization, and C 10 - 30 ⁇ -olefins specifically added to the reaction mixture in order to produce relatively long chain branches in the resulting polymers.
- the alpha-olefins are ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4- methyl-pentene-1 , 1 -hexene, 1 -octene, and combinations of ethylene and/or propene with one or more other alpha-olefins.
- Other preferred monomers include styrene, halo- or alkyl substituted styrenes, vinylbenzocyclobutene, 1 ,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, ethylidene norbornene, and 1 ,7-octadiene. Mixtures of the above-mentioned monomers may also be employed.
- the polymerization may be accomplished under conditions well known in the prior art for Ziegler-Natta or Kaminsky-Sinn type polymerization reactions. Suspension, solution, slurry, gas phase or high pressure, whether employed in batch or continuous form or other process conditions, may be employed if desired. Examples of such well known polymerization processes are depicted in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,084,534, 5,405,922, 4,588,790, 5,032,652, 4,543,399, 4,564,647, 4,522,987, and elsewhere. Preferred polymerization temperatures are from 0-250°C. Preferred polymerization pressures are from atmospheric to 3000 atmospheres (100 kPa to 300 Pma).
- Preferred processing conditions include solution polymerization, more preferably continuous solution polymerization processes, conducted in the presence of an aliphatic or alicyclic liquid diluent.
- continuous polymerization is meant that at least the products of the polymerization are continuously removed from the reaction mixture.
- one or more reactants are also continuously added to the polymerization mixture during the polymerization.
- Suitable aliphatic or alicyclic liquid diluents include straight and branched-chain C4.12 hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyciohexane, methylcycloheptane, and mixtures thereof; and perfluorinated hydrocarbons such as perfluorinated C 4 . 10 alkanes, and the like.
- Suitable diluents also include aromatic hydrocarbons (particularly for use with aromatic ⁇ -olefins such as styrene or ring alkyl- substituted styrenes) including toluene, ethylbenzene or xylene, as well as liquid olefins (which may act as monomers or comonomers) including ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, butadiene, 1-pentene, cyclopentene, 1-hexene, cyclohexene, 3-methyl-1- pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1 ,4-hexadiene, 1 -octene, 1 -decene, styrene, divinylbenzene, allylbenzene, vinyltoluene (including all isomers alone or in admixture), and the like. Mixtures of the foregoing are also suitable.
- aromatic hydrocarbons particularly for use
- the molar ratio of catalyst:polymerizable compounds employed is from 10 "12 :1 to 10 "1 :1 , more preferably from 10 "12 :1 to 10 "5 :1.
- Molecular weight control agents may be used in combination with the present cocatalysts. Examples of such molecular weight control agents include hydrogen, trialkyl aluminum compounds or other known chain transfer agents.
- a particular benefit of the use of the present cocatalysts is the ability (depending on reaction conditions) to produce narrow molecular weight distribution ⁇ -olefin homopolymers and copolymers in greatly improved catalyst efficiencies.
- Preferred polymers have Mw/Mn of less than 2.5, more preferably less than 2.3. Such narrow molecular weight distribution polymer products are highly desirable due to improved tensile strength properties.
- the catalyst composition of the present invention can also be employed to advantage in the gas phase polymerization and copolymerization of olefins, preferably by supporting the catalyst composition by any suitable technique.
- Gas phase processes for the polymerization of olefins, especially the homopolymerization and copolymerization of ethylene and propylene, and the copolymerization of ethylene with higher alpha olefins such as, for example, 1-butene, 1 -hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene are well known in the art. Such processes are used commercially on a large scale for the manufacture of high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene.
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- MDPE medium density polyethylene
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
- the gas phase process employed can be, for example, of the type that employs a mechanically stirred bed or a gas fluidized bed as the polymerization reaction zone.
- Preferred is the process wherein the polymerization reaction is carried out in a vertical cylindrical polymerization reactor containing a fluidized bed of polymer particles supported above a perforated plate, the fluidization grid, by a flow of fluidization gas.
- the gas employed to fluidize the bed comprises the monomer or monomers to be polymerized, and also serves as a heat exchange medium to remove the heat of reaction from the bed.
- the gas is then normally recycled to the bed by means of a blower or compressor and one or more heat exchangers to strip the gas of the heat of polymerization.
- a preferred method of cooling of the bed, in addition to the cooling provided by the cooled recycle gas, is to feed a volatile liquid to the bed to provide an evaporative cooling effect.
- the volatile liquid employed in this case can be, for example, a volatile inert liquid, for example, a saturated hydrocarbon having about 3 to about 8, preferably 4 to 6, carbon atoms.
- a volatile inert liquid for example, a saturated hydrocarbon having about 3 to about 8, preferably 4 to 6, carbon atoms.
- the monomer or comonomer itself is a volatile liquid or can be condensed to provide such a liquid, this can be suitably be fed to the bed to provide an evaporative cooling effect.
- olefin monomers which can be employed in this manner are olefins containing from about 3 to about eight, preferably from 3 to six carbon atoms.
- the volatile liquid evaporates in the hot fluidized bed to form gas which mixes with the fluidizing gas. If the volatile liquid is a monomer or comonomer, it may undergo some polymerization in the bed.
- the evaporated liquid then emerges from the reactor as part of the hot recycle gas, and enters the compression/heat exchange part of the recycle loop.
- the recycle gas is cooled in the heat exchanger and, if the temperature to which the gas is cooled is below the dew point, liquid will precipitate from the gas.
- This liquid is desirably recycled continuously to the fluidized bed. It is possible to recycle the precipitated liquid to the bed as liquid droplets carried in the recycle gas stream, as described, for example, in EP-A-89691 , US-A-4543399, WO 94/25495 and US-A-5352749.
- a particularly preferred method of recycling the liquid to the bed is to separate the liquid from the recycle gas stream and to reinject this liquid directly into the bed, preferably using a method that generates fine droplets of the liquid within the bed. This type of process is described in WO 94/28032.
- the polymerization reaction occurring in the gas fluidized bed is catalyzed by the continuous or semi-continuous addition of catalyst.
- catalyst can be supported on an inorganic or organic support material if desired.
- the catalyst can also be subjected to a prepolymerization step, for example, by polymerizing a small quantity of olefin monomer in a liquid inert diluent, to provide a catalyst composite comprising catalyst particles embedded in olefin polymer particles.
- the polymer is produced directly in the fluidized bed by catalyzed (co)polymerization of the monomer(s) on the fluidized particles of catalyst, supported catalyst or prepolymer within the bed.
- Start-up of the polymerization reaction is achieved using a bed of preformed polymer particles, which, preferably, is similar to the target polyolefin, and conditioning the bed by drying with a dry inert gas such as nitrogen prior to introducing the catalyst, the monomer(s) and any other gases which it is desired to have in the recycle gas stream, such as a diluent gas, hydrogen chain transfer agent, or an inert condensable gas when operating in gas phase condensing mode.
- a dry inert gas such as nitrogen prior to introducing the catalyst, the monomer(s) and any other gases which it is desired to have in the recycle gas stream, such as a diluent gas, hydrogen chain transfer agent, or an inert condensable gas when operating in gas phase condensing mode.
- the produced polymer is discharged continuously or discontinuously from the fluidized bed as desired, optionally exposed to a catalyst kill and optionally pelletized.
- Lithium dimethylamide (10.70 g, 210.0 mmol) was added slowly as a solid to a solution of bis(catecholato)diboron (10.00 g, 42.00 mmol) in diethylether (200 mL) at — 20 ° C. This mixture was then allowed to stir for an additional 40 hours at room temperature. After the reaction period, the ether was removed under vacuum and the residue extracted and filtered using hexane. Removal of hexane resulted in the isolation of a yellow oil. Fractional vacuum distillation resulted in the isolation of the desired compound as a pale yellow liquid (5.493 g, 66.0 percent yield).
- Tetrakis(dimethylamido)diborane (7.756 g, 39.19 mmol) was stirred in diethylether (100 mL) at -78°C as HCI (156.75 mmol, 156.75 mL of 1.0 M solution in diethylether) was added dropwise. This mixture was then allowed to stir for six hours at room temperature. After the reaction period the volatiles were removed and the residue extracted and filtered using hexane. Removal of the hexane resulted in the isolation of a yellow oil.
- the contents of the reactor was then heated to the desired run temperature under 500 psig (3.4 Mpa) of ethylene pressure.
- the catalyst composition (as a 0.0050 M solution in toluene) and cocatalyst (tris(pentafluorophenyl)aluminum, FAAL) were combined in the desired ratio in the glove box and transferred from the glove box to the catalyst shot tank through 1/16 in (0.16 cm) tubing using toluene to aid in the transfer.
- the catalyst tank was then pressurized to 700 psig (4.8 Mpa) using nitrogen. After the contents of the reactor had stabilized at the desired run temperature of 140°C, the catalyst was injected into the reactor via a dip tube.
- the temperature was maintained by allowing cold ethylene glycol to pass through the internal cooling coils.
- the reaction was allowed to proceed for 15 minutes with ethylene provided on demand.
- the contents of the reactor were expelled into a 4 liter nitrogen purged vessel and quenched with isopropyl alcohol.
- a toluene solution containing approximately 67 mg of a hindered phenol antioxidant (IrganoxTM 1010 from Ciba Geigy Corporation) and 133 mg of a phosphorus stabilizer (IrgafosTM 168 from Ciba Geigy Corporation) were added.
- a hindered phenol antioxidant IrganoxTM 1010 from Ciba Geigy Corporation
- a phosphorus stabilizer IrgafosTM 168 from Ciba Geigy Corporation
- Volatile materials were removed from the polymers in a vacuum oven that gradually heated the polymer to 140°C overnight and cooled to at least 50°C prior to removal from the oven. After completion of the polymerization, the reactor was washed with 1200 ml of mixed hexanes solvent at 150°C before reuse.
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US15902899P | 1999-10-12 | 1999-10-12 | |
US159028P | 1999-10-12 | ||
PCT/US2000/028278 WO2001026806A2 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2000-10-12 | Possibly dicationic non-metallocene group 4 metal complexes with anionic n, o or p ligands |
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EP00975243A Ceased EP1222025A2 (de) | 1999-10-12 | 2000-10-12 | Möglicherweise dikationische nicht-metallocenkomplexe von metallen der gruppe 4 mit anionischen n, o or p liganden |
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EP (1) | EP1222025A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003511427A (de) |
AU (1) | AU1332301A (de) |
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US6960635B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2005-11-01 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Isotactic propylene copolymers, their preparation and use |
US7910760B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2011-03-22 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Semi-rigid linked diamines, precursors therefor, and transition metal diamido complexes as catalysts for olefin polymerization processes |
Citations (1)
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EP0694548A1 (de) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-01-31 | ENICHEM ELASTOMERI S.r.l. | Organometallische Derivate der Gruppe III A und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
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US5889128A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1999-03-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Living olefin polymerization processes |
-
2000
- 2000-10-12 EP EP00975243A patent/EP1222025A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-12 AU AU13323/01A patent/AU1332301A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-12 CA CA002387258A patent/CA2387258A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP0694548A1 (de) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-01-31 | ENICHEM ELASTOMERI S.r.l. | Organometallische Derivate der Gruppe III A und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
Booth C.; Price C. (eds.): Comprehensive Polymer Science, 1st. ed., vol. 1, Pergamon Press, 1989, pages 16-19 * |
Falbe J.; Regitz M. (eds.): 'Polyreaktionen', Römpp's Chemie Lexikon, 9th ed., vol. 5, 1992, pages 3568-9 * |
See also references of WO0126806A3 * |
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WO2001026806A3 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
AU1332301A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
CA2387258A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
JP2003511427A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
WO2001026806A2 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
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