EP1219898B1 - Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant - Google Patents

Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1219898B1
EP1219898B1 EP00128676A EP00128676A EP1219898B1 EP 1219898 B1 EP1219898 B1 EP 1219898B1 EP 00128676 A EP00128676 A EP 00128676A EP 00128676 A EP00128676 A EP 00128676A EP 1219898 B1 EP1219898 B1 EP 1219898B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
block
cooling
block body
holding part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00128676A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1219898A1 (en
Inventor
Bruno Andreoli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kanadevia Inova AG
Original Assignee
Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to AT00128676T priority Critical patent/ATE330179T1/en
Application filed by Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG filed Critical Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG
Priority to EP00128676A priority patent/EP1219898B1/en
Priority to DE50012995T priority patent/DE50012995D1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2001/012885 priority patent/WO2002053971A1/en
Priority to JP2002554437A priority patent/JP2004517291A/en
Priority to AU2002216019A priority patent/AU2002216019A1/en
Priority to TW090128137A priority patent/TW526320B/en
Publication of EP1219898A1 publication Critical patent/EP1219898A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1219898B1 publication Critical patent/EP1219898B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/12—Fire-bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grate block as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Document EP-A-0 921 354 discloses such a grate block.
  • a grate for a firing system which is constructed of grate blocks, which are provided with meandering, tubular cooling elements. These cooling elements or cooling tubes are poured into an upper bearing surface for the waste to be treated having block body.
  • the production of these grate blocks is expensive (expensive casting model production, complex casting process).
  • a perfect connection between the cooling tubes and the casting can not be ensured, which has negative effects on the heat transfer with it.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a grate block of the type mentioned, which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, in which the complex pressure and tightness control of the block body produced as a casting is eliminated, and adapted in a simple manner to different requirements can be.
  • the cooling elements can be fixed by releasably connecting a lower holding part to the block body in a predetermined contact position with the block body and the block body has no inaccessible cavities
  • the block body can be produced inexpensively in a simple Standardgiessvon, and does not have a complex printing and tightness test. Since the cooling elements and the block body are separated from each other and can expand differently, the risk of leaks or cracks of the cooling elements, which also consist of different materials and can have virtually any shape and cross-section, largely eliminated.
  • Fig. 1 shows a grate block 1 as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste.
  • the grate block 1 comprises a block body 2, made as a casting, of a substantially U-shaped cross section having a rear wall 3, a top wall 4 and a front wall 5.
  • the front wall 5 of the block body 2 is connected to a foot 7.
  • the upper wall 4 has a support surface 8 for the waste to be treated.
  • the rear wall 3 is provided with at least one or more hooks 6, of which only one can be seen in Fig. 1, and which are intended for suspending the grate block 1 on a block holding member.
  • a plurality of juxtaposed, suspended on the common block holding member and interconnected, preferably screwed grate blocks form a grate block row.
  • the rust has several one behind the other step-like arranged rust block rows.
  • a stationary grate block row is followed by a movable row of grate blocks.
  • the movable rows of grate blocks exert a pushing and shearing action on the waste material located on the grate, so that new waste surfaces are repeatedly exposed to the thermal treatment in the firing space while the waste material moves forward at the same time.
  • Each grate block 1 lies with its foot 7 on the support surface 8 of the downstream grate block 1 relative to slidably.
  • Fig. 1 shows as an example provided for cooling the block body 2 cooling element 10 in the form of a meandering arranged, a cooling channel 11 forming tube which is connected to a cooling water system.
  • the term "cooling water” is to be understood as meaning both the water used in the rule and any other suitable cooling liquid.
  • the cooling element 10 extends below the support surface 8, extends to the front wall 5 and has up to the foot 7 lowering portions 10a.
  • the cooling element 10 is held by means of an attachable from below to the block body 2 and releasably connectable to the block body 2 holding member 15 in a contact position with the block body 2.
  • the flat, flat possibly ribbed (in Fig.
  • a downwardly open groove or recess 17 is poured, which corresponds in shape to the cooling element 10 in opposite directions (the Heatsink 10 can serve as a model).
  • the cooling element 10 and Accordingly, the recess 17 may have a different course than shown in Fig. 1, or it could be provided more cooling elements 10 and recesses 17 per grate block 1.
  • the cooling elements or the cooling channels can-as shown on some embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 to 4-have different cross-sectional shapes.
  • a conventional cooling tube 20 of round cross-section Figure 2
  • Cooling tubes or cooling elements 21 of a square or rectangular cross-section Fig. 3
  • cooling tubes or cooling elements 22 come with a triangular cross-section (Fig. 4) in question.
  • the cooling elements can also be provided with ribs 25, as shown by the example of the cooling elements 23, 24 of FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • a cooling element can also comprise, for example, a cooling plate 28 (or a plurality of cooling plates) or other heat sinks, as shown by the example of the cooling element 29 shown in FIG. 4, which has a cooling plate 28 welded to three cooling tubes 20 '.
  • Such cooling plates or heat sinks can be attached to thermally sensitive areas.
  • the recess or recesses 17 are preferably coated or filled with a heat-conducting material, for example with a heat conducting compound, prior to insertion of the cooling element or elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29.
  • the cooling elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29 are pressed into the heat conducting compound, the overflowing heat conducting compound is scraped off and then the cooling elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29 are fixed by means of the holding part 15.
  • the heat-conductive material is designated 30.
  • the holding part 15 is preferably provided with An horrolinn 32 which - as shown in Fig.
  • cooling elements 10 and 20 to 24 and 29 respectively abut and fix them in their position relative to the block body 2.
  • the cooling elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29 could be fixed directly in position by the upper bearing surface 33 of the holding part 15.
  • the releasable fixation or connection of the holding part 15 with the block body 2 is not apparent from the drawing; in Fig. 1 holes provided only for the connecting screws in the holding part 15 are shown and designated 37. Instead of a screw connection, a wedge connection, a quick-release connection or another type of detachable connection could also be considered.
  • heat-conductive material may also be fine steel wool or the like. used and inserted into the recesses 17 before pressing the one or more cooling elements.
  • heat-conducting compounds for example graphite pastes available on the market, is particularly advantageous since they have higher thermal conductivities than steel.
  • the holding part 15 can be made of different materials (steel, aluminum, etc.). It can be a casting or a sheet. It can also be designed as a grid. Insulation (mass, mat, foam glass, etc.) can be inserted into the holding part 15 before assembly between the individual pressure strips 32 as required, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by the reference numeral 38 is indicated. The insulation can also be pressed in as a spray mass after assembly with pressure and fill cavities.
  • the known from Fig. 2 to 4 cooling elements 10 and 20 to 24 and 29 instead of the cast into the block body bottom 16 recesses 17 in corresponding recesses in the upper surface of the holding part 15 inserted and pressed together with this to the block body bottom 16 and fixed in the contact position.
  • the heat-conducting compound is preferably also painted between the upper bearing surface 33 of the holding part 15 and the block underside 16 (this also applies to the variant described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4).
  • thermally conductive material can be dispensed with special training of cooling elements (soft or rough surface, large contact area).
  • cooling elements soft or rough surface, large contact area.
  • the contact surface are roughened to improve the contact.
  • the cooling elements can be made of a variety of materials and have virtually any shape.
  • the holding part 15 with the cooling elements can be easily replaced from the grate base.
  • the inventive solution allows a modular design adapted to the thermal load of the grate (pre-drying zone to Ausbrandzone). Adapting to different requirements and loads is easy; The change in the shape and dimensions of the cooling elements can be accommodated with simple model changes.
  • the variant with the arranged in recesses 17 of the holding member 15 and fixed together with this in the contact position with the block body 2 cooling elements in which no recesses 17 in the block body 2 must be present, also offers good possibility for retrofitting existing, originally for grate blocks provided with another cooling system (air cooling, other type water cooling) block bodies, which can now be equipped according to the invention with a manufacturing technology simpler and yet operationally safer and adaptable to different requirements cooling system.
  • another cooling system air cooling, other type water cooling
  • the inventive cooling system allows the use of a common, connected to a water inlet and water outlet cooling element, for example, the meandering configured cooling tube 10 of FIG. 1, for all in a block row juxtaposed grate blocks 1. So far, it was customary to connect the individual, sealed in block bodies cooling pipes adjacent grate blocks via tubular spacers together. The fact that now the spacers can be omitted, less leaks arise and the assembly is simplified.
  • Fig. 5 shows another possible grate block variant in which the lower, applied to the block body 2 and releasably connected thereto holding part 15 'itself forms a cooling element and at least one cooling channel 11' has.
  • holding part 15 ' is a casting, in which preferably the cooling channel 11' (or the cooling channels 11) is poured directly.
  • the thermally heavily loaded block body 2 no inaccessible cavities, so that the risk of voids and cracking is eliminated, and the block body 2 produced in the standard casting and can be used without expensive testing. It can not get any cooling water into the firebox.
  • the holding part 15 ' can be optimally designed and easily manufactured by casting.
  • block body 2 requires no special grooves or recesses in this embodiment, in turn, already existing block body (possibly with minor Gussmodellanpassept) with the holding part or cooling element 15 'are equipped.
  • the releasable connection of the holding part 15 'with the block body can in turn be effected for example by means of screws, as indicated in Fig. 5 (reference numeral 40), or be accomplished in any other manner known per se.
  • a layer of heat-conducting material is preferably applied between the holding part 15 'and the block bottom side 16, or the contact is improved by a special design of the contact surface (for example a roughened surface).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The block forming part of a grate is for an installation for thermic processing of waste material and comprises a body (2) as a cast part, which is provided with an upper locating surface (8) for the waste material to be processed. With the block body a lower holding part (15) is releasably connectable. Through the connection of these two parts, at least one cooling component (10), which has a cooling channel (11) connected to a cooling water system, is fixable.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rostblock als Teil eines Rostes für eine Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Abfall gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Dokument EP-A-0 921 354 offenbart einen solchen Rostblock.The invention relates to a grate block as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste according to the preamble of claim 1. Document EP-A-0 921 354 discloses such a grate block.

Weiterhin ist aus der EP-A-0 844 438 ein Rost für eine Feuerungsanlage bekannt, der aus Rostblöcken aufgebaut ist, die mit mäanderförmig verlaufenden, rohrförmigen Kühlelementen versehen sind. Diese Kühlelemente bzw. Kühlrohre werden in einen eine obere Auflagefläche für den zu behandelnden Abfall aufweisenden Blockkörper eingegossen. Die Herstellung dieser Rostblöcke ist teuer (teuere Gussmodellherstellung, aufwendiges Giessverfahren). Ausserdem kann eine einwandfreie Verbindung zwischen den Kühlrohren und dem Gussteil nicht sichergestellt werden, was negative Auswirkungen auf den Wärmeübergang mit sich bringt. Zudem neigen Gussteile mit eingegeossenen Teilen zu einer starken Lunker- und Rissbildung, so dass ein erheblicher Kontrollaufwand unumgänglich ist und mit einer hohen Ausschussrate gerechnet werden muss, da bei den Rostblockkörpern keine Risse, Lunkern oder Poren geduldet werden können und der Gussteil dicht sein muss. Es wird daher bei jedem Blockkörper eine Druck- und Dichtigkeitsprüfung durchgeführt. Oft sind aufwendige Nachschweissarbeiten unumgänglich. Infolge unterschiedlicher Wärmedehnungen zwischen Gussmaterial und den eingegossenen Kühlrohren können letztere bei Verdampfungen und/oder bei hohen örtlichen thermischen Belastungen aufreissen. Bei einem undichten bzw. beschädigten Blockkörper tritt Kühlmedium in den Feuerraum aus, und der Blockkörper erfüllt die ihm zugedachte Funktion nicht mehr. Bei den Rostblöcken mit eingegossenen Kühlelementen ist zudem die Anpassung an unterschiedliche Anforderungen und Belastungen aufwendig und langwierig, da jeweils spezielle Gussmodelle benötigt werden.Furthermore, from EP-A-0 844 438 a grate for a firing system is known, which is constructed of grate blocks, which are provided with meandering, tubular cooling elements. These cooling elements or cooling tubes are poured into an upper bearing surface for the waste to be treated having block body. The production of these grate blocks is expensive (expensive casting model production, complex casting process). In addition, a perfect connection between the cooling tubes and the casting can not be ensured, which has negative effects on the heat transfer with it. In addition, castings with molded-in parts are prone to severe voiding and cracking, so that a considerable control effort is unavoidable and a high rejection rate must be expected, since in the grate block bodies no cracks, voids or pores can be tolerated and the casting must be tight. It is therefore carried out in each block body a pressure and tightness test. Often elaborate Nachschweissarbeiten are inevitable. As a result of different thermal expansions between the casting material and the cast-in cooling tubes, the latter can rupture during evaporation and / or at high local thermal loads. In a leaking or damaged block body occurs cooling medium into the firebox, and the block body no longer fulfills its intended function. In the case of the grate blocks with cast-in cooling elements, adaptation to different requirements and loads is also complicated and tedious, since special casting models are required in each case.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rostblock der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der in der Herstellung einfach und kostengünstig ist, bei dem die aufwendige Druck- und Dichtigkeitskontrolle des als Gussteil hergestellten Blockkörpers entfällt, und der in einfacher Weise an unterschiedliche Anforderungen angepasst werden kann.The present invention has for its object to provide a grate block of the type mentioned, which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, in which the complex pressure and tightness control of the block body produced as a casting is eliminated, and adapted in a simple manner to different requirements can be.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch einen Rostblock mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a grate block with the features of claim 1.

Dadurch, dass die Kühlelemente durch lösbare Verbindung eines unteren Halteteils mit dem Blockkörper in einer vorgegebenen Kontaktstellung mit dem Blockkörper fixierbar sind und der Blockkörper keine unzugänglichen Hohlräume mehr aufweist, kann der Blockkörper in einem einfachen Standardgiessverfahren kostengünstig hergestellt werden, und muss nicht einer aufwendigen Druck- und Dichtigkeitsprobe unterzogen werden. Da die Kühlelemente und der Blockkörper voneinander getrennt sind und sich unterschiedlich ausdehnen können, ist die Gefahr von Leckagen oder Rissen der Kühlelemente, die zudem aus unterschiedlichsten Materialien bestehen und praktisch beliebige Form und Querschnitt aufweisen können, weitgehend eliminiert.The fact that the cooling elements can be fixed by releasably connecting a lower holding part to the block body in a predetermined contact position with the block body and the block body has no inaccessible cavities, the block body can be produced inexpensively in a simple Standardgiessverfahren, and does not have a complex printing and tightness test. Since the cooling elements and the block body are separated from each other and can expand differently, the risk of leaks or cracks of the cooling elements, which also consist of different materials and can have virtually any shape and cross-section, largely eliminated.

Bevorzugte Weiterausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemässen Rostblockes bilden den Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Preferred further developments of the grate block according to the invention form the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemässen Rostblockes in einer perspektivischen Teildarstellung, mit einem Blockkörper, einem Halteteil und einem Kühlelement;
Fig. 2 bis 4
verschiedene Querschnittsformen von Kühlelementen für den Rostblock nach Fig. 1; und
Fig. 5
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Rostblockes im Längsschnitt.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a first embodiment of an inventive grate block in a perspective partial view, with a block body, a holding part and a cooling element;
Fig. 2 to 4
various cross-sectional shapes of cooling elements for the grate block of FIG. 1; and
Fig. 5
a further embodiment of a grate block in longitudinal section.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Rostblock 1 als Teil eines Rostes für eine Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Abfall. Der Rostblock 1 umfasst einen als ein Gussteil hergestellten Blockkörper 2 von einem im wesentlichen U-förmigen Querschnitt, der eine hintere Wand 3, eine obere Wand 4 und eine vordere Wand 5 aufweist. Die vordere Wand 5 des Blockkörpers 2 ist mit einem Fuss 7 verbunden. Die obere Wand 4 weist eine Auflagefläche 8 für den zu behandelnden Abfall auf. Die hintere Wand 3 ist mit mindestens einem oder mehreren Haken 6 ausgestattet, von denen in Fig. 1 nur einer ersichtlich ist, und die zum Aufhängen des Rostblockes 1 auf einem Blockhalteelement bestimmt sind. Dabei bilden in einer an sich bekannten und in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Weise mehrere nebeneinander angeordnete, am gemeinsamen Blockhalteelement aufgehängte und miteinander verbundene, vorzugsweise verschraubte Rostblöcke eine Rostblockreihe. Der Rost weist mehrere hintereinander treppenartig angeordnete Rostblockreihen auf. Einer ortsfesten Rostblockreihe folgt jeweils eine bewegliche Rostblockreihe. Die beweglichen Rostblockreihen üben eine Schub- und Scherenwirkung auf den sich auf dem Rost befindenden Abfallmaterial, so dass immer wieder neue Abfalloberflächen der thermischen Behandlung im Feuerungsraum ausgesetzt werden bei gleichzeitiger Vorwärtsbewegung des Abfallmaterials. Jeder Rostblock 1 liegt dabei mit seinem Fuss 7 auf der Auflagefläche 8 des nachgeschalteten Rostblocks 1 relativverschiebbar auf.Fig. 1 shows a grate block 1 as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste. The grate block 1 comprises a block body 2, made as a casting, of a substantially U-shaped cross section having a rear wall 3, a top wall 4 and a front wall 5. The front wall 5 of the block body 2 is connected to a foot 7. The upper wall 4 has a support surface 8 for the waste to be treated. The rear wall 3 is provided with at least one or more hooks 6, of which only one can be seen in Fig. 1, and which are intended for suspending the grate block 1 on a block holding member. Here, in a manner known per se and not shown in the drawing a plurality of juxtaposed, suspended on the common block holding member and interconnected, preferably screwed grate blocks form a grate block row. The rust has several one behind the other step-like arranged rust block rows. A stationary grate block row is followed by a movable row of grate blocks. The movable rows of grate blocks exert a pushing and shearing action on the waste material located on the grate, so that new waste surfaces are repeatedly exposed to the thermal treatment in the firing space while the waste material moves forward at the same time. Each grate block 1 lies with its foot 7 on the support surface 8 of the downstream grate block 1 relative to slidably.

Im folgenden wird nun beschrieben, wie der während des Anlagebetriebes erheblichen thermischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzte Blockkörper 2 gekühlt wird.In the following it will now be described how the block body 2 exposed to considerable thermal stresses during plant operation is cooled.

Fig. 1 zeigt als Beispiel ein zur Kühlung des Blockkörpers 2 vorgesehenes Kühlelement 10 in Form eines mäanderförmig angeordneten, einen Kühlkanal 11 bildenden Rohres, das an ein Kühlwassersystem angeschlossen ist. Unter dem Begriff "Kühlwasser" ist dabei sowohl das in der Regel verwendete Wasser als auch jede andere geeignete Kühlflüssigkeit zu verstehen. Das Kühlelement 10 verläuft unterhalb der Auflagefläche 8, erstreckt sich bis zur vorderen Wand 5 und weist sich bis zum Fuss 7 senkende Teilabschnitte 10a auf. Das Kühlelement 10 wird mittels eines von unten an den Blockkörper 2 ansetzbaren und mit dem Blockkörper 2 lösbar verbindbaren Halteteils 15 in einer Kontaktstellung mit dem Blockkörper 2 gehalten. Zu diesem Zweck wird in die ebene, flache, eventuell mit Rippen versehene (in Fig. 1 sind keine Rippen dargestellt) Blockkörper-Unterseite 16 eine nach unten offene Nut bzw. Ausnehmung 17 eingegossen, die in ihrer Form dem Kühlelement 10 gegenbildlich entspricht (der Kühlkörper 10 kann dabei als Formmodell dienen). Selbstverständlich könnte das Kühlelement 10 und dementsprechend auch die Ausnehmung 17 einen anderen Verlauf als in Fig. 1 dargestellt aufweisen, oder es könten mehrere Kühlelemente 10 und Ausnehmungen 17 pro Rostblock 1 vorgesehen sein.Fig. 1 shows as an example provided for cooling the block body 2 cooling element 10 in the form of a meandering arranged, a cooling channel 11 forming tube which is connected to a cooling water system. The term "cooling water" is to be understood as meaning both the water used in the rule and any other suitable cooling liquid. The cooling element 10 extends below the support surface 8, extends to the front wall 5 and has up to the foot 7 lowering portions 10a. The cooling element 10 is held by means of an attachable from below to the block body 2 and releasably connectable to the block body 2 holding member 15 in a contact position with the block body 2. For this purpose, in the flat, flat, possibly ribbed (in Fig. 1, no ribs are shown) block body bottom 16 a downwardly open groove or recess 17 is poured, which corresponds in shape to the cooling element 10 in opposite directions (the Heatsink 10 can serve as a model). Of course, the cooling element 10 and Accordingly, the recess 17 may have a different course than shown in Fig. 1, or it could be provided more cooling elements 10 and recesses 17 per grate block 1.

Die Kühlelemente bzw. die Kühlkanäle können - wie an einigen in Fig. 2 bis 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen gezeigt - verschiedene Querschnittsformen aufweisen. Statt eines konventionellen Kühlrohres 20 vom runden Querschnitt (Fig. 2) können z.B. Kühlrohre bzw. Kühlelemente 21 eines quadratischen oder rechteckförmigen Querschnitts (Fig. 3) oder Kühlrohre bzw. Kühlelemente 22 mit einem dreieckförmigen Querschnitt (Fig. 4) in Frage kommen. Die Kühlelemente können auch mit Rippen 25 versehen sein, wie am Beispiel der Kühlelemente 23, 24 nach Fig. 2 und 3 gezeigt wird. Ein Kühlelement kann aber auch beispielsweise eine Kühlplatte 28 (oder mehrere Kühlplatten) oder andere Kühlkörper umfassen, wie am Beispiel des in Fig. 4 dargestellten Kühlelementes 29 gezeigt, das eine an drei Kühlrohren 20' angeschweisste Kühlplatte 28 aufweist. Derartige Kühlplatten oder Kühlkörper können an thermisch besonders gefährdeten Stellen angebracht werden.The cooling elements or the cooling channels can-as shown on some embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 to 4-have different cross-sectional shapes. Instead of a conventional cooling tube 20 of round cross-section (Figure 2), e.g. Cooling tubes or cooling elements 21 of a square or rectangular cross-section (Fig. 3) or cooling tubes or cooling elements 22 come with a triangular cross-section (Fig. 4) in question. The cooling elements can also be provided with ribs 25, as shown by the example of the cooling elements 23, 24 of FIGS. 2 and 3. However, a cooling element can also comprise, for example, a cooling plate 28 (or a plurality of cooling plates) or other heat sinks, as shown by the example of the cooling element 29 shown in FIG. 4, which has a cooling plate 28 welded to three cooling tubes 20 '. Such cooling plates or heat sinks can be attached to thermally sensitive areas.

Die Ausnehmung bzw. Ausnehmungen 17 werden vor dem Einlegen des oder der Kühlelemente 10 bzw. 20 bis 24 bzw. 29 vorzugsweise mit einem wärmeleitenden Material, beispielsweise mit einer Wärmeleitmasse bestrichen oder gefüllt. Die Kühlelemente 10 bzw. 20 bis 24 bzw. 29 werden in die Wärmeleitmasse eingedrückt, die überquellende Wärmeleitmasse wird abgestrichen und anschliessend werden die Kühlelemente 10 bzw. 20 bis 24 bzw. 29 mittels des Halteteils 15 fixiert. In der Zeichnung ist das wärmeleitende Material mit 30 bezeichnet. Der Halteteil 15 ist vorzugsweise mit Andruckleisten 32 versehen, die - wie aus Fig. 2 bis 4 ersichtlich - beim mit seiner Auflagefläche 33 an der Blockkörper-Unterseite 16 anliegenden Halteteil 15 in die Ausnehmungen 17 hineinragen, an den Kühlelementen 10 bzw. 20 bis 24 bzw. 29 anliegen und diese in ihrer Stellung gegenüber dem Blockkörper 2 fixieren. Allerdings könnten die Kühlelemente 10 bzw. 20 bis 24 bzw. 29 direkt durch die obere Auflagefläche 33 des Halteteils 15 in ihrer Stellung fixiert werden. Die lösbare Fixierung bzw. Verbindung des Halteteils 15 mit dem Blockkörper 2 ist aus der Zeichnung nicht ersichtlich; in Fig. 1 sind lediglich für die Verbindungsschrauben vorgesehene Löcher im Halteteil 15 dargestellt und mit 37 bezeichnet. Statt einer Schraubenverbindung könnte auch eine Keilverbindung, eine Schnellverschlussverbindung oder eine andere Art einer lösbaren Verbindung in Frage kommen.The recess or recesses 17 are preferably coated or filled with a heat-conducting material, for example with a heat conducting compound, prior to insertion of the cooling element or elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29. The cooling elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29 are pressed into the heat conducting compound, the overflowing heat conducting compound is scraped off and then the cooling elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29 are fixed by means of the holding part 15. In the drawing, the heat-conductive material is designated 30. The holding part 15 is preferably provided with Andruckleisten 32 which - as shown in Fig. 2 to 4 - protrude when resting with its bearing surface 33 on the block body bottom 16 holding part 15 in the recesses 17, to the cooling elements 10 and 20 to 24 and 29 respectively abut and fix them in their position relative to the block body 2. However, the cooling elements 10 or 20 to 24 or 29 could be fixed directly in position by the upper bearing surface 33 of the holding part 15. The releasable fixation or connection of the holding part 15 with the block body 2 is not apparent from the drawing; in Fig. 1 holes provided only for the connecting screws in the holding part 15 are shown and designated 37. Instead of a screw connection, a wedge connection, a quick-release connection or another type of detachable connection could also be considered.

Anstelle der Wärmeleitmasse kann als wärmeleitendes Material auch feine Stahlwolle o.ä. verwendet und in die Ausnehmungen 17 vor dem Eindrücken des oder der Kühlelemente eingelegt werden. Die Verwendung von Wärmeleitmassen, beispielsweise von auf dem Markt erhältlichen Graphitpasten, ist jedoch besonders vorteilhaft, da diese höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeiten aufweisen als Stahl.Instead of the heat-conducting compound, heat-conductive material may also be fine steel wool or the like. used and inserted into the recesses 17 before pressing the one or more cooling elements. However, the use of heat-conducting compounds, for example graphite pastes available on the market, is particularly advantageous since they have higher thermal conductivities than steel.

Der Halteteil 15 kann aus verschiedenen Materialien (Stahl, Aluminium etc.) angefertigt werden. Es kann sich um einen Gussteil oder um ein Blech handeln. Er kann auch als ein Gitter ausgebildet sein. In den Halteteil 15 kann nach Bedarf vor der Montage zwischen die einzelnen Andruckleisten 32 Isolation (Masse, Matte, Schaumglas etc.) eingelegt werden, was in Fig. 1 mit Bezugszeichen 38 angedeutet ist. Die Isolation kann aber auch als Spritzmasse nach der Montage mit Druck hineingepresst werden und Hohlräume füllen.The holding part 15 can be made of different materials (steel, aluminum, etc.). It can be a casting or a sheet. It can also be designed as a grid. Insulation (mass, mat, foam glass, etc.) can be inserted into the holding part 15 before assembly between the individual pressure strips 32 as required, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by the reference numeral 38 is indicated. The insulation can also be pressed in as a spray mass after assembly with pressure and fill cavities.

Gemäss einer weiteren, in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Rostblock-Ausführungsvariante können die aus Fig. 2 bis 4 bekannten Kühlelemente 10 bzw. 20 bis 24 bzw. 29 statt in die in die Blockkörper-Unterseite 16 eingegossenen Ausnehmungen 17 in entsprechende Ausnehmungen in der oberen Fläche des Halteteils 15 eingelegt und mit diesem zusammen an die Blockkörper-Unterseite 16 angedrückt und in der Kontaktstellung fixiert werden. Auch hier ist wiederum die Verwendung von wärmeleitendem, in die Ausnehmungen des Halteteils eingebrachten Material, vorzugsweise einer Wärmeleitmasse, zur Verbesserung bzw. Sicherstellung des Kontaktes von besonderem Vorteil. Die Wärmeleitmasse wird bei dieser Variante vorzugsweise auch zwischen die obere Auflagefläche 33 des Halteteils 15 und die Blockunterseite 16 gestrichen (dies gilt auch für die anhand der Fig. 1 bis 4 beschriebene Variante).According to a further, not shown in the drawing grate embodiment, the known from Fig. 2 to 4 cooling elements 10 and 20 to 24 and 29 instead of the cast into the block body bottom 16 recesses 17 in corresponding recesses in the upper surface of the holding part 15 inserted and pressed together with this to the block body bottom 16 and fixed in the contact position. Again, in turn, the use of heat-conducting, introduced into the recesses of the holding part material, preferably a thermal mass, for improving or ensuring the contact of particular advantage. In this variant, the heat-conducting compound is preferably also painted between the upper bearing surface 33 of the holding part 15 and the block underside 16 (this also applies to the variant described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4).

Unter Umständen kann aber auch auf das wärmeleitende Material verzichtet werden - beispielsweise bei Rostblöcken, die in einem sogenannten Ausbrennbereich des Rostes, also bei geringeren thermischen Belastungen, eingesetzt werden.Under certain circumstances, however, it is also possible to dispense with the heat-conducting material - for example in the case of grate blocks which are used in a so-called burn-out region of the grate, that is to say at lower thermal loads.

Auf das wärmeleitende Material kann auch bei spezieller Ausbildung von Kühlelementen (weiche oder rauhe Oberfläche, grosse Kontaktfläche) verzichtet werden. Statt einer Wärmeleitmasse zwischen der oberen Auflagefläche 33 des Halteteils 15 und der Blockunterseite 16 kann auch an dieser Stelle die Kontaktfläche zur Verbesserung des Kontaktes aufgerauht werden.On the thermally conductive material can be dispensed with special training of cooling elements (soft or rough surface, large contact area). Instead of a thermal mass between the upper bearing surface 33 of the holding part 15 and the block bottom 16 can also this site, the contact surface are roughened to improve the contact.

Beide erfindungsgemässen Rostblockvarianten (Kühlelemente in Ausnehmungen 17 des Blockkörpers 2 fixiert, Kühlelemente in Ausnehmungen 17 des Halteteils 15 angeordnet und zusammen mit diesem in der Kontaktstellung mit dem Blockkörper fixiert) bringen im Vergleich mit den bekannten Rostblöcken, die mit den im Blockkörper eingegossenen Kühlrohren versehen sind, erhebliche Vorteile. Der Blockkörper 2, der keine unzugänglichen Hohlräume aufweist, kann als ein einfacher Gussteil in einem einfachen Standardgiessverfahren hergestellt werden. Da die Gefahr von Lunker- und Rissbildung praktisch entfällt, bedarf der Blockkörper 2 keiner Druck- und Dichtigkeitsprüfung und auch keiner Schweissnachbearbeitung. Die Kühlelemente und der Blockkörper 2 sind voneinander getrennt, d.h. nicht fest miteinander verbunden, so dass sie sich entsprechend den thermischen Belastungen und den unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnungskoeffizienten unterschiedlich ausdehnen können. Die Gefahr von Leckagen oder Rissen von Kühlrohren ist weitgehend eliminiert. Die Kühlelemente können aus den unterschiedlichsten Materialien bestehen und praktisch beliebige Formen aufweisen. Der Halteteil 15 mit den Kühlelementen kann von der Rostunterseite problemlos ausgetauscht werden. Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung ermöglicht einen modularen Aufbau, angepasst an die thermische Belastung des Rostes (Vortrocknungszone bis Ausbrandzone). Die Anpassung an unterschiedliche Anforderungen und Belastungen ist einfach; der Änderung der Form und Abmessungen der Kühlelemente kann mit einfachen Modelländerungen Rechnung getragen werden.Both inventive grate block variants (cooling elements in recesses 17 of the block body 2 fixed, cooling elements arranged in recesses 17 of the holding part 15 and fixed together with this in the contact position with the block body) bring in comparison with the known grate blocks, which are provided with the cast in the block body cooling tubes , significant benefits. The block body 2, which has no inaccessible cavities, can be manufactured as a simple casting in a simple standard casting process. Since the risk of voids and cracking virtually eliminated, the block body 2 requires no pressure and tightness test and no welding post-processing. The cooling elements and the block body 2 are separated from each other, that is not firmly connected to each other, so that they can expand differently according to the thermal loads and the different thermal expansion coefficients. The risk of leaks or cracks in cooling pipes is largely eliminated. The cooling elements can be made of a variety of materials and have virtually any shape. The holding part 15 with the cooling elements can be easily replaced from the grate base. The inventive solution allows a modular design adapted to the thermal load of the grate (pre-drying zone to Ausbrandzone). Adapting to different requirements and loads is easy; The change in the shape and dimensions of the cooling elements can be accommodated with simple model changes.

Die Variante mit den in Ausnehmungen 17 des Halteteils 15 angeordneten und zusammen mit diesem in der Kontaktstellung mit dem Blockkörper 2 fixierten Kühlelementen, bei der keine Ausnehmungen 17 im Blockkörper 2 vorhanden sein müssen, bietet auch gute Möglichkeit zur Nachrüstung von bereits bestehenden, ursprünglich für Rostblöcke mit einem anderen Kühlungsystem (Luftkühlung, andere Art Wasserkühlung) vorgesehenen Blockkörpern, die nun erfindungsgemäss mit einem herstellungstechnisch einfacheren und dennoch betriebstechnisch sichererem und an verschiedene Anforderungen anpassungsfähigerem Kühlsystem ausgestattet werden können.The variant with the arranged in recesses 17 of the holding member 15 and fixed together with this in the contact position with the block body 2 cooling elements in which no recesses 17 in the block body 2 must be present, also offers good possibility for retrofitting existing, originally for grate blocks provided with another cooling system (air cooling, other type water cooling) block bodies, which can now be equipped according to the invention with a manufacturing technology simpler and yet operationally safer and adaptable to different requirements cooling system.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass das erfindungsgemässe Kühlsystem die Verwendung eines gemeinsamen, mit einem Wasser-Einlauf und Wasser-Auslauf verbundenen Kühlelementes, beispielsweise des mäanderförmig ausgestalteten Kühlrohres 10 nach Fig. 1, für alle in einer Blockreihe nebeneinander angeordnete Rostblöcke 1 ermöglicht. Bisher war es üblich, die einzelnen, in Blockkörpern eingegeossenen Kühlrohre benachbarter Rostblöcke über rohrförmige Zwischenstücke miteinander zu verbinden. Dadurch, dass nun die Zwischenstücke entfallen können, entstehen weniger Leckagestellen und die Montage wird vereinfacht.Another advantage is that the inventive cooling system allows the use of a common, connected to a water inlet and water outlet cooling element, for example, the meandering configured cooling tube 10 of FIG. 1, for all in a block row juxtaposed grate blocks 1. So far, it was customary to connect the individual, sealed in block bodies cooling pipes adjacent grate blocks via tubular spacers together. The fact that now the spacers can be omitted, less leaks arise and the assembly is simplified.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere mögliche Rostblock-Variante, bei welcher der untere, am Blockkörper 2 anliegende und mit diesem lösbar verbundene Halteteil 15' selber ein Kühlelement bildet und mindestens einen Kühlkanal 11' aufweist. Beim Halteteil 15' handelt es sich um einen Gussteil, in welchen vorzugsweise der Kühlkanal 11' (oder die Kühlkanäle 11) direkt eingegossen wird. Auch bei dieser Variante weist der thermisch stark belastete Blockkörper 2 keine unzugänglichen Hohlräume auf, so dass die Gefahr der Lunker- und Rissbildung entfällt, und der Blockkörper 2 im Standardgiessverfahren hergestellt und ohne teuere Prüfverfahren eingesetzt werden kann. Es kann kein Kühlwasser in den Feuerungsraum gelangen. Der Halteteil 15' kann giesstechnisch optimal konzipiert und problemlos hergestellt werden.Fig. 5 shows another possible grate block variant in which the lower, applied to the block body 2 and releasably connected thereto holding part 15 'itself forms a cooling element and at least one cooling channel 11' has. When holding part 15 'is a casting, in which preferably the cooling channel 11' (or the cooling channels 11) is poured directly. Also at this variant, the thermally heavily loaded block body 2 no inaccessible cavities, so that the risk of voids and cracking is eliminated, and the block body 2 produced in the standard casting and can be used without expensive testing. It can not get any cooling water into the firebox. The holding part 15 'can be optimally designed and easily manufactured by casting.

Da der Blockkörper 2 auch bei dieser Ausführungsform keine besondere Nuten oder Ausnehmungen benötigt, können wiederum bereits bestehende Blockkörper (allenfalls mit geringfügigen Gussmodellanpassungen) mit dem Halteteil bzw. Kühlelement 15' ausgerüstet werden.Since the block body 2 requires no special grooves or recesses in this embodiment, in turn, already existing block body (possibly with minor Gussmodellanpassungen) with the holding part or cooling element 15 'are equipped.

Die lösbare Verbindung des Halteteils 15' mit dem Blockkörper kann wiederum beispielsweise mittels Schrauben erfolgen, wie in Fig. 5 angedeutet (Bezugszeichen 40), oder in jeder anderen an sich bekannten Art und Weise bewerkstelligt werden. Auch bei dieser Variante wird vorzugsweise zwischen den Halteteil 15' und die Blockunterseite 16 eine Schicht aus wärmeleitendem Material angebracht, oder der Kontakt durch eine besondere Ausbildung der Kontaktfläche (z.B. eine aufgerauhte Oberfläche) verbessert.The releasable connection of the holding part 15 'with the block body can in turn be effected for example by means of screws, as indicated in Fig. 5 (reference numeral 40), or be accomplished in any other manner known per se. In this variant as well, a layer of heat-conducting material is preferably applied between the holding part 15 'and the block bottom side 16, or the contact is improved by a special design of the contact surface (for example a roughened surface).

Claims (14)

  1. A grate block as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste, having a block body (2) which is designed as a casting and has a top supporting surface (8) for the waste to be treated, and having at least one cooling element (10; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 29), which is arranged below the supporting surface (8) and has a cooling passage (11; 11') connected to a cooling-water system, including a bottom holding part (15; 15') which can be brought into a position in contact with the block body (2) and can be releasably connected to the latter, in which case the cooling element (10; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 29) can be fixed in a predetermined position in contact with the block body (2) by the connection between the holding part (15; 15') and the block body (2).
  2. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling element (10; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 29) can be fixed in a groove-shaped recess (17) in the block body (2) by means of the holding part (15).
  3. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling element (10; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 29) is accommodated in a groove-shaped recess of the holding part (15) and can be fixed together with the latter in the position in contact with the block body (2).
  4. The grate block as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein there is a heat-conducting material (30) between the cooling element (10; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 29) and the groove-shaped recess (17).
  5. The grate block as claimed in claim 4, wherein the heat-conducting material (30) used is a heat-conducting compound, preferably a graphite paste.
  6. The grate block as claimed in claim 4, wherein the heat-conducting material (30) used is fine steel wool.
  7. The grate block as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cooling element (10; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 29) comprises a tubular part forming the cooling passage (11) and having a round or polygonal cross section.
  8. The grate block as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cooling element (23; 24) is provided with ribs (25) .
  9. The grate block as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the cooling element (29) comprises a cooling plate (28).
  10. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holding part (15') releasably connected to the block body (2) forms the cooling element and is provided with at least one cooling passage (11') connected to the cooling-water system.
  11. The grate block as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cooling passage (11') is integrally cast in the holding part (15').
  12. The grate block as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein there is a layer of heat-conducting material (30) between the block body (2) and the holding part (15').
  13. A grate comprising grate-block rows which are formed from grate blocks (1) arranged side by side as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12.
  14. The grate as claimed in claim 13, wherein the grate blocks (1) of a grate-block row are equipped with a common tubular cooling element (10; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24) running through all the grate blocks (1) and connected to a water inlet and a water outlet.
EP00128676A 2000-12-29 2000-12-29 Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant Expired - Lifetime EP1219898B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00128676A EP1219898B1 (en) 2000-12-29 2000-12-29 Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant
DE50012995T DE50012995D1 (en) 2000-12-29 2000-12-29 Grate block as part of a grate for a plant for thermal treatment of waste
AT00128676T ATE330179T1 (en) 2000-12-29 2000-12-29 RUST BLOCK AS PART OF A GRATE FOR A PLANT FOR THERMAL TREATMENT OF WASTE
JP2002554437A JP2004517291A (en) 2000-12-29 2001-11-08 Grate block forming grate part in waste heat treatment plant
PCT/EP2001/012885 WO2002053971A1 (en) 2000-12-29 2001-11-08 Grate block forming part of a grate in a waste heat-treatment plant
AU2002216019A AU2002216019A1 (en) 2000-12-29 2001-11-08 Grate block forming part of a grate in a waste heat-treatment plant
TW090128137A TW526320B (en) 2000-12-29 2001-11-13 Grate block as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00128676A EP1219898B1 (en) 2000-12-29 2000-12-29 Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1219898A1 EP1219898A1 (en) 2002-07-03
EP1219898B1 true EP1219898B1 (en) 2006-06-14

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EP00128676A Expired - Lifetime EP1219898B1 (en) 2000-12-29 2000-12-29 Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant

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EP (1) EP1219898B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004517291A (en)
AT (1) ATE330179T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002216019A1 (en)
DE (1) DE50012995D1 (en)
TW (1) TW526320B (en)
WO (1) WO2002053971A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012507688A (en) * 2008-11-05 2012-03-29 ヒタチ ゾウセン イノバ アーゲー Air-cooled grate block

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1355112A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-22 Seghers Keppel Technology Group Grate bar, method for its cooling and process for its production
WO2006137237A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2006-12-28 Nec Corporation Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing same
KR100635407B1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2006-10-19 한국과학기술연구원 Water-cooled grate
EP2003396A3 (en) 2005-09-06 2012-11-07 Ernst Schenkel Grate element
EP1996863A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2008-12-03 Doikos Investments, Ltd. Liquid-cooled grill comprising wear plates
CH701280B1 (en) * 2007-08-22 2010-12-31 Doikos Investments Ltd Liquid-cooled grate plate with wear plates and from such grate plates existing stepping grate.
ES2677016T3 (en) 2011-09-01 2018-07-27 Ernst Schenkel Combustion grid for solid materials

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2608958A (en) * 1949-08-20 1952-09-02 Charles M Hazelton Grate bar
DE19648128C2 (en) 1996-11-21 2002-11-07 Alstom Grate for a furnace
DE19753981C2 (en) * 1997-12-05 2000-04-06 Alstom Energy Syst Gmbh Liquid-cooled grate plate
JP2000240926A (en) * 1999-02-23 2000-09-08 Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha Ltd Water-cooling fire grate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012507688A (en) * 2008-11-05 2012-03-29 ヒタチ ゾウセン イノバ アーゲー Air-cooled grate block

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Publication number Publication date
TW526320B (en) 2003-04-01
JP2004517291A (en) 2004-06-10
EP1219898A1 (en) 2002-07-03
WO2002053971A8 (en) 2003-11-20
ATE330179T1 (en) 2006-07-15
DE50012995D1 (en) 2006-07-27
AU2002216019A1 (en) 2002-07-16
WO2002053971A1 (en) 2002-07-11

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