EP1217142A2 - Product made of moudable material, especially used as form element and method and apparatus for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

The shaped part has reinforcement embedded therein the form of reinforcement threads (48) and/or armoured reinforcement. The structural material is initially brought to the desired shape through extrusion pressing. The reinforcement threads have increased tensile strength and higher modulus of elasticity than the structural material. The threads can be introduced into the material as it leaves the mouth of the machine.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a molded part, which consists of a malleable building material especially as lost formwork is produced and the use of a malleable building material and a method for producing a molded part by extruding a building material and a device for the production of a molded part from a extrudable building material. Such molded parts are called Molded parts, in particular for the production of precast concrete parts used on site either immediately can be used, or still with building materials how concrete has to be filled and one yourself Formwork formwork.

State of the art

The use of fiber concrete for the production of edge displays for a precast concrete part is from DE 94 21 987 known. Here are made of fiber-reinforced, fine-grained material existing formwork part metal pieces injected such as Threaded sleeves, welding base or a part for handling the formwork part. The formwork parts can be a few meters long. Thereby there is a risk when handling the formwork part the tensile forces that occur lead to breakage and that This will render the formwork part unusable.

Presentation of the invention

According to the invention, a molded part is made from a moldable Building material, especially a molded part as lost formwork suggested which using a malleable Building material is made and in which a reinforcement in the form of reinforcing threads and / or reinforcements is embedded.

As a result, molded parts are stable in the longitudinal direction provided, the reinforcing threads made of steel wire, Glass fibers or other high-strength plastic fibers exist, but at the same time bendable and deflectable are. In contrast, the reinforcements are as rigid view, for example in the form of steel wires with a diameter of 6mm or more.

The building material is advantageously in a first state by extrusion into that desired for the molded part Profile can be brought. The multitude of such products in terms of geometry and low manufacturing costs of these products make a major contribution to Reduction of construction costs. A load bearing in the longitudinal direction Molding can then be made with an extruder become.

The fact that the reinforcing threads one against the Building material increased tensile strength and a higher elasticity model than have this building material are in Longitudinally stable molded parts are provided. there the reinforcing threads can preferably be high-strength continuous filaments contain.

In addition, the reinforcing filaments can be continuous filaments or have fibers made of plastic, which are opposite the building material has a significantly higher elongation at break. Improve such mixed reinforcement threads on the one hand the tensile strength, on the other hand when breaking the high-strength filaments within the reinforcing thread a breakdown of the product due to the high elongation at break the other parts of the reinforcing thread prevented.

To improve the bond between the reinforcing thread and building material can be the single fibers of the reinforcing thread twisted, braided, or otherwise crossing be embedded in the building material. Through the The individual fibers can be bundled under certain circumstances also realize more compact feeds into the building material.

The building material of the molded part is advantageously fiberglass-reinforced concrete and / or polymer concrete, their suitability for processing given with an extruder by extrusion is.

The fact that the reinforcing threads extend both in the longitudinal direction as well as at least in sections in the transverse direction of the component, the load capacity in Transverse direction of the molded part can be increased.

To further improve the connection of the reinforcing threads and / or the reinforcement with the building material the reinforcement threads and / or the reinforcement at least be partially surrounded by a compound. This Linking compound can be a high-strength suspension, for example Cement glue or plastic-modified mortar his.

Advantageously, the reinforcing threads and or the reinforcement in one when used as intended exposed to high bending tensile stresses Molded part arranged so that the forces occurring there not only from the building material but also from the reinforcement threads and / or the reinforcement.

To damage the reinforcement threads and / or the reinforcement it is advantageous to avoid them completely are embedded in the building material.

Another object of the invention is a method for the production of a molded part by extrusion Building material in which exits from a mouthpiece Reinforcement threads before leaving the mouthpiece and / or reinforcement. By the connecting threads and / or reinforcements can be the molded part absorb higher forces than the building material itself.

The feed rate of the reinforcement is advantageous from the feed rate of the out of the mouthpiece leaking building material determined so that the reinforcement is free of tensile stress in the molded part. With one not only axially parallel feed must ensure this be carried that the feed rate of the reinforcement can be big enough to accommodate the different Compensate route conditions.

To improve the connection of the reinforcement with the Building material, it is advantageous to embed the reinforcement in the building material at least partially the reinforcement the surrounding compound.

The method is advantageously designed such that the building material when it comes out of the die head the reinforcement automatically pulls so that the Feeding speed of the reinforcement not specially set must be provided or special devices are provided for this Need to become.

Again to improve the anchorage of the reinforcement in building material, it is advantageous if when using of continuous fibers before they are fed into the mouthpiece twisted, braided or in any other way to be crossed.

It is possible to operate the process in such a way that the Reinforcement only introduced in sections in the building material is, so that in the molded part armor-free sections available. The molded part can be reinforced without reinforcement Sections easily in individual pieces be separated.

The reinforcement can then be carried out in a further process step be freed of building material in certain areas and thus be exposed. This makes it possible To provide reinforcement connections.

A special embodiment of the method consists in that a flexible reinforcement, especially reinforcing threads, in the longitudinal direction and at least in sections with directional components in the transverse direction of the molded part is fed. It can also be a second one Reinforcing layer act to increase the load capacity serves in the transverse direction.

A final object of the invention relates to a device for the production of a molded part from a extrudable building material. The device has a Conveyor for the building material, a press head, into which the supported building material is pressed and a mouthpiece which closes the press head, wherein corresponding to the profile to be produced in the mouthpiece Recesses are included. In front of the outlet opening of the mouthpiece is a feed for a reinforcement intended.

With this device is the production of a molded part and performing those described above Procedure possible.

The feed is advantageously fastened in the press head, with an outlet opening of the feeder inside of the mouthpiece comes to rest. Because of the rejuvenation of the outlet profile to the outlet opening of the mouthpiece A good positioning of the reinforcement is special then manufactured when the incorporation into the building material as close as possible in the area where only Follow slight deformations of the building material. Of course it is with a corresponding thickness of the mouthpiece also possible, the feed in the mouthpiece itself to arrange.

In the event that the feeder is a deflection point for has the reinforcement and that the reinforcement of the feeder from a different direction than the conveying direction of the building material can be supplied, a bendable reinforcement can be easily introduced into the building material, without the need for complex conversion measures on the part of the conveyor become necessary.

It is particularly advantageous if the outlet opening the feed variable in position, in particular pivotable is because, on the one hand, this is the point of introduction the reinforcement on the profile of the molded part to be manufactured can be adjusted and also a pivoting during extrusion is possible. This allows wave-shaped reinforcements are generated.

A reservoir is advantageously on the device provided for a connecting means with which the reinforcement before it leaves the feeder Building material is wetted with the lanyard. there the connecting means can be supplied without pressure, if necessary but also fed under a suitable pressure be the one at the outlet opening of the feeder slight pressure in the building material may exceed.

The mechanical anchoring of single filaments to improve reinforcement threads is a facility for twisting, braiding or crossing over individuals Fiber strands of reinforcement are provided.

According to a further development, the press head has at least a redirection of the building material so that the feed the reinforcement to the mouthpiece is done without deflection can. This is particularly important if one non-bendable reinforcement.

According to another development, a feeder is used side-mounted needle used which guide means for the reinforcing thread. In this way it is possible to move the building material across the extrusion direction with a reinforcing thread or similar bendable reinforcements to be reinforced so that in conjunction with an in Longitudinally reinforced molding a glass fiber-like Reinforcement can be created. This makes it possible Long and cross-heavy concrete strands, how they can be used for a molded part, manufacture.

Finally, a separator for that from the Mouthpiece as an endless strand of formwork profile be provided and also a separation device for the building material from the reinforcement to the reinforcement to expose.

Brief description of the drawing

Fig. 1

ein Prinzipbild eines Betonstrangs mit in Längsrichtung eingelegten Bewehrungen zur Verwendung als Formteil, die

Fig.2

einen Betonstrang mit einer biegsamen Armierung wellenförmig quer zur Längsachse des Betonstrang, die

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt durch ein Schalungselement mit einer Armierung, die

Fig. 4a

einen Schnitt quer zum Betonstrang einer Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen eines Betonstrangs mit Armierung, die

Fig. 4b

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen eines Betonstrangs mit einer biegbaren Armierung gemäß Fig. 4a, die

Fig. 5

eine Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen eines Betonstrangs mit einer Zuführung für eine nicht biegbare Armierung, die

Fig. 6

einen Horizontalschnitt durch einen Vorrichtung zum Strangpressen eines Betonstrangs mit Zuführungen in Form von Nadeln, die

Fig. 7a

einen Betonstrang mit einer Trennfuge, die

Fig. 7b

den Betonstrang aus 7a mit freigelegter Armierung im Bereich der Trennfuge und die

Fig. 8

eine Vorrichtung zum Benetzen der Armierung mit einem Verbindungsmittel vor der Einbringung in den Betonstrang.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. It shows the

Fig. 1

a schematic diagram of a concrete strand with reinforcements inserted in the longitudinal direction for use as a molded part, the

Fig.2

a concrete strand with a flexible reinforcement undulating transversely to the longitudinal axis of the concrete strand, the

Fig. 3

a section through a formwork element with a reinforcement, the

Fig. 4a

a section transverse to the concrete strand of a device for extruding a concrete strand with reinforcement, the

Fig. 4b

a vertical section through the device for extruding a concrete strand with a bendable reinforcement according to FIG. 4a, the

Fig. 5

a device for extruding a concrete strand with a feed for a non-bendable reinforcement, the

Fig. 6

a horizontal section through a device for extruding a concrete strand with feeds in the form of needles, the

Fig. 7a

a concrete strand with a parting line, the

Fig. 7b

the concrete strand from 7a with exposed reinforcement in the area of the parting line and the

Fig. 8

a device for wetting the reinforcement with a connecting means before the introduction into the concrete strand.

Embodiments of the invention

In Fig. 1 is a concrete strand for producing a molded part with parallel to the longitudinal direction (extrusion direction) lying reinforcements 2, 3 shown. The reinforcement 2,3 consists of a rigid steel wire with a diameter of 6 mm. Of course, materials other than Longitudinal reinforcement suitable. The real thing The molded part is created after the curing or setting of the Concrete string and is used in particular as a formwork element used for lost formwork.

2 shows a concrete strand 20, in which flexible reinforcements wavy across the longitudinal axis of the Concrete string 20 are embedded. The reinforcements in shape of reinforcement threads can be in opposite directions, so reinforcement threads 21, 22, 23 or in the same direction, so reinforcing thread 23, 24 may be arranged. With an opposite arrangement stitches 25, 26 are formed. The shown Reinforcement can also be that shown in Fig .1 Reinforcement can be superimposed as a second reinforcement level, whereby a reinforcement similar to fiberglass can be created can, if reinforcement fibers with appropriate reinforcement Material properties are used.

In Fig. 3 is a formwork element formed from a concrete strand 30, in which several reinforcements are inserted. The reinforcements in the edge area extend to absorb bending tensile forces in Longitudinal direction, the reinforcement in the central area 32 is designed as a reinforcement running in the transverse direction, which, however, is not apparent from the sectional drawing goes.

4a is a device for producing a concrete strand 40 outlined. The device has one Extruder 41, which extrudable building material in one Press head 42 presses into it. At the other end is the Press head closed with a mouthpiece 43, in which an outlet opening 44 is provided from which the concrete strand 40 finally exits. In the press head it will round profile of the extruder for the production of the Concrete strand cross section required changed in present case on a rectangular cross section, so that in the horizontal section the press head 42 is flared is. In the area of the mouthpiece 44 there are feeds 45 provided, via which reinforcing threads 46, 47 fed are then embedded in the concrete strand 40 are.

4b is a vertical section through the device shown in Fig. 4a. The extruder 41 can be seen, the press head 42 and the mouthpiece 43. the press head 42 tapers from the extruder to the mouthpiece 43 down, the mouthpiece 43 in the region of the outlet opening 44 further tapered. In the press head 42 is the feeder 45 fastened, via which one on a Roll of flexible reinforcement in the form of a reinforcing thread 48 in those located within the device Building material is introduced. The feeder 45 has a deflection, so that in the drawing Reinforcement material in the form of a reinforcing thread 48 fed into the press head 42 from above is and in the conveying direction of the concrete strand 40 from the Feeder 45 exits.

The feed 45 is transverse over means not shown to the longitudinal direction of the concrete strand 40, so that the course of the reinforcing threads shown in Fig. 2 can be achieved.

5 is a device for producing a concrete strand 50 shown, also from an extruder 51, a press head 52 and a mouthpiece 53 and has a feed 55 for a reinforcement 56. The reinforcement 56 is a non-bendable rod material, for example Beams, so that the press head 52 one Has an angular offset with respect to the extruder 51 To allow insertion of the reinforcement 56 in the feed 55. The reinforcement 56 is in the area of the mouthpiece 53 introduced into the outlet opening 54 and pressed out Concrete string 50 at the speed of the feed of the concrete strand 50 is drawn into the feed 55. Here the reinforcement is fed with the exact same rate of advance of the concrete strand, for an optimal connection between the supplied reinforcement and to guarantee the compressed building material.

6 is another device for insertion shown by bendable reinforcing threads. Starting from an extruder 61 and a press head 62 with one adjoining mouthpiece 63 with an outlet opening 64 are in the area of the mouthpiece 63 needles 65 as Feeder for a reinforcing thread 66 of a concrete strand 60 shown. The needle 65 is laterally through Mouthpiece 63 inserted into the building material and there and there moved here, with a guide element 67 in the form of a Loosen the reinforcement thread 66 inside the building material brings the desired location. The reinforcing thread 66 can through a cavity in the needle itself or by a groove on the needle 65, whereby Again, it is important to ensure that the feed of the concrete strand 60 the reinforcing thread 66 if possible automatically pulls into the building material. In this way it is possible to run the concrete strand across the extrusion direction with glass fibers or similar flexible reinforcement threads to reinforce. If this is done in addition to Reinforcement of the concrete strand in the longitudinal direction can be Reinforcement similar to fiberglass can be created. The needles 65 are sword-shaped, so that the flow resistance as low as possible compared to the building material is and at the same time an extensive stability against the occurring bending forces are given. Furthermore is in this formation of the needles an immersion in the favored building material under pressure.

Instead of in the mouthpiece 63, these needles 65 can also be used in the Press head 62 may be arranged or, as shown in Example, for two different concrete strands 60, 60 'belong. The course can also be done with the needle 65 of the reinforcing threads according to FIG. 2, wherein the number of reinforcing threads to be introduced, however compared to the feeds shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is less if the reinforcement in a single Level should be created.

In addition to moving to the center of the mouthpiece 63 and the needle can be swiveled back to the side, however, the inertia of the building material then increases is taken into account. Through sword-shaped needles by changing the angle of attack the needling buoyancy is generated, then of course a joint in the area of Needle guide must be provided.

In Fig. 7a is the extruded, not yet hardened Concrete strand 70 shown, the parting line 71st has, so that individual pieces 72 arise. About that it can also be seen that in the area of the separating cut there is no reinforcement, the reinforcement is heard in FIG. 7a just before the cut and starts just short then on again. This allows separation with conventional Machines take place, special measures for severing the reinforcement need not be provided. This is important when the reinforcement is made Beam wire exists.

7b, 71 building material was in the area of the parting line removed so that the reinforcements 73, 74 are exposed. This allows those that emerge from the concrete strand Connect formwork parts with connecting reinforcements. Steel wires are particularly suitable as reinforcement.

In Fig. 8 is a reservoir 80 for a liquid Connecting means of the reinforcing thread 81 shown, which the reinforcing thread 81 in the area of the feed 82 wetted. This is done in the variant shown without pressure via a connecting channel 83 between the reservoir 80 and the feeder 82. In the Press head 84 therefore opens a connecting means wetted Reinforcing thread that is better connected to the building material is.

When using a reinforcing thread, a further improvement can be achieved in that the Reinforcing thread twisted, twisted, braided or in is crossed in any other way, since this causes the individual fibers by changing the fibers from outside to inside come into contact with the building material. With unbundled loose Fibers have no connection to the inner fibers with the building material and would therefore have no effect. On Bundling the individual fibers into a compact strand furthermore the advantage that smaller outlet openings can be used from the feeders, so that the influence of the feeds on the pressing process of the Extrusion reduced to produce the concrete strand becomes. In addition, a structured surface is created of the reinforcing thread, which is also mechanical is anchored to the building material. The reinforcing fibers are usually found as unbundled individual fibers Rolls delivered wrapped so that after unwinding off the roll additional measures to twist the Individual fibers are to be provided. Of course in Within the scope of the invention also the use of single fibers possible, as long as the required strength values can be achieved.

Overall, it has been shown that despite the high pressure Suitable reinforcements are fed into the extruder press head that they can be in an ideal position in profile ensure high tensile strength of the concrete strand. A second layer of reinforcement with transverse reinforcement to the longitudinal axis serve to increase the load capacity in Transverse direction and allows in the longitudinal and transverse directions to manufacture highly resilient concrete strands.

Claims (32)

Shaped part as lost formwork, produced using a moldable building material, characterized in that a reinforcement in the form of reinforcing threads (21-24) and / or reinforcements (2, 3) is embedded in the shaped part. Shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that the building material can be brought into a desired shape by extrusion in a first state. Shaped part according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing threads (21-24) have a higher tensile strength than the building material and a higher modulus of elasticity than the building material, preferably by using continuous filaments. Shaped part according to claim 3, characterized in that the reinforcing threads also have continuous filaments or fibers made of plastic, which have a significantly higher elongation at break than the building material. Shaped parts according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the continuous film mantles are twisted, braided or embedded in the construction material in a way that crosses over. Shaped parts according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that glass fiber concrete or polymer concrete is used as the building material. Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the reinforcing threads extend both in the longitudinal direction and at least in sections in the transverse direction of the component. Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the reinforcing threads and / or reinforcement is at least partially surrounded by a connecting compound. Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reinforcing threads and / or reinforcement are arranged in a region exposed to high bending tensile stresses when used as intended. Molding according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reinforcing threads and / or reinforcement are completely embedded in the building material. Method for producing a molded part by extruding a building material, characterized in that one or more reinforcing threads and / or reinforcements are introduced into the building material emerging from a mouthpiece (43) before leaving the mouthpiece. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the feed rate of the reinforcement is determined by the feed rate of the building material emerging from the mouthpiece, so that the reinforcement lies in the molded part without tension. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that when the reinforcement is introduced into the building material, a connecting compound which at least partially surrounds the reinforcement is introduced. Method according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the building material (press material) automatically pulls the reinforcement out of the mouthpiece (43) of the press head (42). Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that a reinforcement made of continuous fibers is used which, before being fed into the mouthpiece (43), is twisted, braided or crossed over in another manner. Method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the reinforcement is only introduced in sections into the building material, so that there are reinforcement-free sections (71) in the molded part. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the extruded building material is separated into individual pieces (71, 72) in a reinforcement-free area. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that the reinforcements are freed of building material in certain areas and thus exposed. Method according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that a flexible reinforcement is fed in the longitudinal direction and at least in sections with directional components in the transverse direction of the molded part. Device for producing a molded part from an extrudable building material, comprising a conveying device (41) for the building material, a pressing head (47) into which the conveyed building material is pressed and a mouthpiece (43) which closes the pressing head, in the mouthpiece Outlet openings (44) corresponding to the profile to be produced are contained, characterized in that a feed (45) for reinforcement is provided in front of the outlet opening (44) of the mouthpiece (43). Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the feed (45) is fixed in the press head (42) and has an outlet opening (44) which comes to lie within the mouthpiece (43). Device according to one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the feed (45) has a deflection point for the reinforcement and that the reinforcement of the feed (45) is fed from a direction other than the conveying direction of the building material. Device according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the outlet opening of the feed (45) is variable in position, in particular pivotable. Device according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that a supply device (80) is provided for a connecting means which wets the reinforcement in the building material before it emerges from the feed. Device according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that a device is provided for twisting, braiding or crossing individual fiber strands of the reinforcement. Device according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the pressing head (52) has at least one deflection of the building material and that the feed (55) of the reinforcement (56) to the mouthpiece (53) is designed without deflection. Device according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that in the region of the press head (62) and / or the mouthpiece (63) there are opening needles (65) which can be moved back and forth towards the center and which are at their end Have guide means (67) for a deflectable reinforcing thread (66), the reinforcing thread being able to be deposited in the pressed building material via the guide means (67). Apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that openings for supplying the reinforcing threads are provided in the press head (62) or the mouthpiece (63) in the region of the needles (65). Apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that the needle (65) itself has a feed for the reinforcing thread (60) to the guide (67), in particular in the form of a fillet or as a hollow in the needle itself. Device according to one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that the needles are sword-shaped. Device according to one of claims 20 to 30, characterized in that a separating device is provided for the formwork profile emerging from the mouthpiece as an endless strand. Device according to one of claims 20 to 31, characterized in that a separating device for the building material from the reinforcement is also provided.

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