EP1215295A1 - Precipitation-hardening aluminium alloy and part thereof - Google Patents

Precipitation-hardening aluminium alloy and part thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1215295A1
EP1215295A1 EP01127698A EP01127698A EP1215295A1 EP 1215295 A1 EP1215295 A1 EP 1215295A1 EP 01127698 A EP01127698 A EP 01127698A EP 01127698 A EP01127698 A EP 01127698A EP 1215295 A1 EP1215295 A1 EP 1215295A1
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Prior art keywords
component
weight
aluminum
nickel
alloy
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EP01127698A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1215295B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Dr. Barth
Mohamed Dr. Douaoui
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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DaimlerChrysler AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
    • F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum casting alloy according to claim 1 and a component according to claim 2.
  • This alloy is particularly suitable for pistons in internal combustion engines thought.
  • the relatively high silicon content leads to a good wear resistance and high strength even at high Temperatures.
  • the other alloy elements prevent that Formation of sharp primary silicon crystals under Alternating loads form the starting points for fatigue fractures.
  • such components only have limited white Elongations at break.
  • the brittleness of the component at higher concentrations elevated.
  • the cobalt in particular shows the functional property here, the adhesive properties of the component on the mold to decrease without increasing the brittleness.
  • the Iron content can be greatly reduced.
  • the object of the invention is therefore an alloy to provide, resulting in components that have a high Heat resistance, high elongation at break, high ductility with a low tendency to corrode.
  • the object is achieved by an alloy according to claim 1 and a component according to claim 2 solved.
  • the alloy according to claim 1 has one Silicon content that is between 5% and 10%. On lower silicon content would increase the castability of the alloy affect. A higher silicon content leads to material embrittlement.
  • the silicon content is particularly preferably between 6.5% and 7.5%.
  • the alloying element magnesium forms together with the silicon Mg 2 Si crystals (magnesium silicide), which increase strength. If the magnesium content is below the lower limit according to the invention, the resulting component is too low in strength; above 0.35% magnesium, the Mg 2 Si crystals lead to too high brittleness.
  • the alloy element nickel forms together with the aluminum intermetallic phases, such as. B. Al 3 Ni (nickel aluminide) which increase the heat resistance and only melt congruently at temperatures above 800 ° C (in contrast to Al 2 Cu (copper aluminide), which forms with copper-containing alloys and melts below 600 ° C).
  • the phases containing aluminum and nickel do not have a negative effect on the ductility of the material.
  • the nickel content of the alloy according to the invention is between 0.3% and 3%, preferably between 0.5% and 2.5%.
  • Cobalt also forms intermetallic Compounds based on aluminum and cobalt, similar to the connections based on aluminum and nickel, which increase the heat resistance.
  • the alloy according to the invention may contain cobalt between 0.6% and 3% by weight.
  • Another object of the invention is a component according to claim 2.
  • the component is cast from an alloy, which is already described in claim 1 and the advantages has that result from this alloy.
  • a heat treatment of the component leads to precipitation hardening (hot curing) of an Al matrix (by which the component is formed) by deliberately intermetallic phases such.
  • the precipitation hardening takes place in a temperature interval between 160 ° C and 240 ° C for a period of 0.2 h to 10 h.
  • Precipitation hardening is particularly preferably carried out in a temperature interval between 180 ° C. and 220 ° C. for a period of 0.5 h to 8 h.
  • the duration of the heat treatment depends on the temperature, at higher temperatures the heat treatment is shortened considerably.
  • the component represented by the alloy according to the invention is preferred as a sand casting or permanent mold component trained as so the heat treatment already mentioned is facilitated.
  • the component according to the invention is particularly expedient as a cylinder head or as a cylinder crankcase in an internal combustion engine designed.
  • these components especially in Cylinder heads experience very high pressures at high temperatures on.
  • these components have very complex geometries have such.
  • a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is used in the log casting process cast with the alloy according to the invention.
  • the Casting parameters correspond to the usual procedural process control.
  • the component After casting and after cooling, the component has one coarse grain structure of mixed crystals due to aluminum most alloying elements at room temperature has very low solubility. For this reason it is now done solution annealing of the component for approx. 4 -5 h at one temperature of approx. 540 ° C. In this step, the alloying elements loosen in the aluminum matrix. Then that will Component quenched in water, the alloying elements in the aluminum matrix remain solved.
  • precipitation hardening takes place, in which the elements dissolved in the aluminum matrix leave the matrix in a controlled manner with the formation of mixed crystals. This takes place at a temperature of 220 ° C for 0.5 hours. Alternatively, precipitation hardening can take place at 180 ° C for 8 hours.
  • the phases that form during precipitation hardening (precipitations) are intermetallic compounds, these include Mg 2 Si, which increases the strength of the component and Al 3 Ni (or other ternary and / or quaternary intermetallic compounds based on aluminum and nickel) which increases the heat resistance of the component due to its high melting temperature.
  • the strength and ductility of the component can be adjusted by the temperature control and the duration of the temperature treatment, which, as mentioned, is due to the deposited crystal (e.g. the intermetallic compounds Mg 2 Si and Al 3 Ni).
  • the size of the Mg2Si and Al3Ti precipitates also affects which are also influenced by the heat treatment the component properties, which is explained below.
  • the strength ⁇ of the component is shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2 (left y-axis) and the elongation at break ⁇ (right y-axis, dotted) as a function of the duration of the heat treatment t.
  • Figures 1 and 2 differ in temperature T of the heat treatments, T of Figure 1 being smaller as T of Figure 2.
  • the solid curves 1 and 3 show schematically the course of the strength ⁇ , the dashed lines 2 and 4 the course of the elongation at break ⁇ .
  • T6 the component points here a very fine structure of the excretions.
  • the elongation at break in the T6 state reaches a minimum.
  • the T7 state has the advantage of being due the rougher structure of the excretions found in this Sets state, the elongation at break increases again.
  • T6 and T7 are fixed technical terms, T does not stand for temperature in these terms.
  • the status T7 is related to the task to strive for high elongation at break.
  • the alloying elements silicon and magnesium increase the strength and a shift of curves 1 and 3 up. In return, these elements make curves 2 and 4 shifted down, which negatively affects the elongation at break effect. Surprisingly, it was found that both nickel and cobalt are the alloying elements Move curves 1 and 3 upwards without a negative impact on the elongation at break.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Hardenable aluminum cast alloy contains alloying additions of 5-10 wt.% silicon, 0.2-0.35 wt.% magnesium, 0.3-3 wt.% nickel and/or 0.6-3 wt.% cobalt. An Independent claim is also included for a component made from the aluminum alloy. Preferably the aluminum alloy contains alloying additions of 6.5-7.5 wt.% silicon, 0.2-0.35 wt.% magnesium, 0.5-2.5 wt.% nickel and/or 0.6-3 wt.% cobalt.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Aluminium Gußlegierung nach Patentanspruch 1 sowie ein Bauteil nach Patentanspruch 2.The invention relates to an aluminum casting alloy according to claim 1 and a component according to claim 2.

Aus der DE 44 04 420 A1 ist eine aushärtbare Aluminiumlegierung mit einer Zusammensetzung:

  • 8,0 bis 10,9 Gew.% Silizium,
  • 0,8 bis 2,0 Gew.% Magnesium,
  • 4,0 bis 5,9 Gew.% Kupfer
  • 1,0 bis 3,0 Gew.% Nickel,
  • 0,2 bis 0,4 Gew.% Mangan
    •    sowie weniger als 0,5 Gew.% Eisen bekannt.
    (Gew.% = Gewichtsprozent, Anteil der Einzelelemente an der Gesamtmasse der Legierung).DE 44 04 420 A1 describes a hardenable aluminum alloy with a composition:
  • 8.0 to 10.9% by weight of silicon,
  • 0.8 to 2.0% by weight of magnesium,
  • 4.0 to 5.9% by weight copper
  • 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of nickel,
  • 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of manganese
    • as well as less than 0.5% by weight of iron.
    (% By weight = percentage by weight, share of the individual elements in the total mass of the alloy).

    Diese Legierung ist insbesondere für Kolben in Verbrennungsmotoren gedacht. Der relativ hohe Siliziumanteil führt zu einer guten Verschleißbeständigkeit und hoher Festigkeit auch bei hohen Temperaturen. Die übrigen Legierungselemente verhindern die Ausbildung von scharfen Primärsilizium-Kristallen, die unter Wechselbelastung die Ausgangspunkte von Ermüdungsbrüchen bilden. Allerdings weißen derartige Bauteile lediglich begrenzte Bruchdehnungen auf.This alloy is particularly suitable for pistons in internal combustion engines thought. The relatively high silicon content leads to a good wear resistance and high strength even at high Temperatures. The other alloy elements prevent that Formation of sharp primary silicon crystals under Alternating loads form the starting points for fatigue fractures. However, such components only have limited white Elongations at break.

    Die DE 42 15 160 C2 beschreibt eine Aluminiumlegierung für Druckgußanwendungen, die eine gute Entformbarkeit eines Bauteils aus der Druckgußform gewährleistet. Sie weist neben 99,7% reinem Hüttenaluminium folgende Zusammensetzung auf:

  • 5,0 bis 12,0 Gew.% Silizium,
  • 0 bis 0,8 Gew.% Magnesium,
  • weniger als 0,01 Gew.% Kupfer
  • weniger als 0,2 Gew.% Eisen,
  • 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew.% Kobalt.
    • DE 42 15 160 C2 describes an aluminum alloy for die casting applications, which ensures that a component can be easily removed from the die. In addition to 99.7% pure metallurgical aluminum, it has the following composition:
  • 5.0 to 12.0% by weight of silicon,
  • 0 to 0.8% by weight of magnesium,
  • less than 0.01% by weight copper
  • less than 0.2% by weight of iron,
  • 0.1 to 0.5 wt% cobalt.

    • Im Allgemeinen wird für die Herabsetzung der Haftung zwischen dem Bauteil und der Gießform der Legierung Eisen zugegeben, das jedoch bei höheren Konzentrationen die Sprödigkeit des Bauteils erhöht. Insbesondere das Kobalt zeigt hier die funktionale Eigenschaft, die Klebeeigenschaften des Bauteils an der Gießform zu verringern, ohne die Sprödigkeit zu erhöhen. Somit kann der Eisenanteil stark reduziert werden.Generally, for the reduction of liability between added iron to the component and the casting mold of the alloy however, the brittleness of the component at higher concentrations elevated. The cobalt in particular shows the functional property here, the adhesive properties of the component on the mold to decrease without increasing the brittleness. Thus, the Iron content can be greatly reduced.

    Die bereits angesprochene. Sprödigkeit der Legierung, die auf verschieden Legierungselemente zurückzuführen ist und als Kompromiß in verschiedenen Anwendungen akzeptabel ist, führt bei bestimmten, hochbelasteten Bauteilen zum Versagen. Dies gilt insbesondere für Motorenbauteile wie Zylinderköpfe oder Zylinderkurbelgehäuse. Hier wirken besonders hohe Temperaturen und Drücke und Wechselbelastungen. Hinzu kommt, dass komplexe Geometrien in hohem Maße Kerbwirkungen hervorrufen. In diesen Fällen ist eine außerordentlich hohe Duktilität des Werkstoffes erforderlich, um ein Bauteilversagen zu vermeiden. Dies gilt insbesondere bei modernen Hochleistungsmotoren, bei denen die Belastungen in den Zylinderköpfen stetig am steigen sind.The one already mentioned. Brittleness of the alloy on different alloying elements can be traced and as a compromise is acceptable in various applications certain, highly stressed components for failure. this applies especially for engine components such as cylinder heads or cylinder crankcases. Particularly high temperatures and Pressures and alternating loads. Add to that complex geometries to a large extent cause notch effects. In these cases is an extraordinarily high ductility of the material required to avoid component failure. this applies especially in modern high-performance engines where the Loads in the cylinder heads are constantly increasing.

    Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht demnach darin, eine Legierung bereitzustellen, aus der Bauteile resultieren, die eine hohe Warmfestigkeit, eine hohe Bruchdehnung, eine hohe Duktilität bei einer geringen Korrosionsneigung aufweisen.The object of the invention is therefore an alloy to provide, resulting in components that have a high Heat resistance, high elongation at break, high ductility with a low tendency to corrode.

    Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Legierung nach Patentanspruch 1 und einem Bauteil nach Patentanspruch 2 gelöst. The object is achieved by an alloy according to claim 1 and a component according to claim 2 solved.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung nach Patentanspruch 1 weist einen Siliziumanteil auf, der zwischen 5 % und 10 % liegt. Ein niedrigerer Siliziumanteil würde die Gießbarkeit der Legierung beeinträchtigen. Ein höherer Siliziumanteil führt zu einer Materialversprödung. Besonders bevorzugt liegt der SiliziumAnteil zwischen 6,5 % und 7,5 %.The alloy according to claim 1 has one Silicon content that is between 5% and 10%. On lower silicon content would increase the castability of the alloy affect. A higher silicon content leads to material embrittlement. The silicon content is particularly preferably between 6.5% and 7.5%.

    Das Legierungselement Magnesium bildet zusammen mit dem Silizium Mg2Si-Kristalle (Magnesiumsilizid), die festigkeitssteigernd wirken. Bei einem Magnesiumanteil unterhalb der erfindungsgemäßen Untergrenze weist das resultierende Bauteil eine zu geringe Festigkeit auf, oberhalb von 0,35 % Magnesium führen die Mg2Si-Kristalle zu einer zu hohen Sprödigkeit.The alloying element magnesium forms together with the silicon Mg 2 Si crystals (magnesium silicide), which increase strength. If the magnesium content is below the lower limit according to the invention, the resulting component is too low in strength; above 0.35% magnesium, the Mg 2 Si crystals lead to too high brittleness.

    Das Legierungselement Nickel bildet zusammen mit dem Aluminium intermetallische Phasen, wie z. B. Al3Ni (Nickelaluminid) die die Warmfestigkeit erhöhen und erst bei Temperaturen über 800° C kongruent schmelzen (im Gegensatz zu Al2Cu (Kupferaluminid), das sich bei kupferhaltigen Legierungen bildet und bereits unterhalb von 600° C schmilzt). Zudem wirken sich die Phasen, die Aluminium und Nickel enthalten, nicht negativ auf die Duktilität des Materials aus. Der Nickel-Anteil an der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung liegt zwischen 0,3 % und 3 %, bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 % und 2,5 %.The alloy element nickel forms together with the aluminum intermetallic phases, such as. B. Al 3 Ni (nickel aluminide) which increase the heat resistance and only melt congruently at temperatures above 800 ° C (in contrast to Al 2 Cu (copper aluminide), which forms with copper-containing alloys and melts below 600 ° C). In addition, the phases containing aluminum and nickel do not have a negative effect on the ductility of the material. The nickel content of the alloy according to the invention is between 0.3% and 3%, preferably between 0.5% and 2.5%.

    Es ist möglich, der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung Kobalt als Legierungselement zuzugeben. Kobalt bildet ebenfalls intermetallische Verbindungen auf der Basis von Aluminium und Kobalt, ähnlich wie die Verbindungen auf Basis von Aluminium und Nickel, die die Warmfestigkeit erhöhen. Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung kann Kobalt zwischen 0,6 Gew. % und 3 Gew. % enthalten.It is possible to use the alloy cobalt according to the invention as an alloying element admit. Cobalt also forms intermetallic Compounds based on aluminum and cobalt, similar to the connections based on aluminum and nickel, which increase the heat resistance. The alloy according to the invention may contain cobalt between 0.6% and 3% by weight.

    Auf Eisen, durch das die Bruchdehnung reduziert wird, kann in der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung verzichtet werden. Das selbe gilt für das Kupfer als Legierungselement, das die Korrosionsbeständigkeit verschlechtert. On iron, by which the elongation at break is reduced, in the alloy according to the invention can be dispensed with. The same thing applies to the copper as an alloying element, which is the corrosion resistance deteriorated.

    Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Bauteil nach Patentanspruch 2. Das Bauteil wird aus einer Legierung gegossen, die bereits im Patentanspruch 1 beschrieben wird und die Vorteile aufweist, die aus dieser Legierung resultieren.Another object of the invention is a component according to claim 2. The component is cast from an alloy, which is already described in claim 1 and the advantages has that result from this alloy.

    Eine Wärmebehandlung des Bauteils vorzugsweise nach einem Lösungsglühen führt zu einer Ausscheidungshärtung (Warmaushärten) einer Al-Matrix (durch die das Bauteil bildet ist) indem gezielt intermetallischen Phasen wie z. B. das genannte Mg2Si oder das Al3Ni ausgeschieden werden. Die Ausscheidungshärtung erfolgt in einem Temperaturintervall zwischen 160° C und 240° C für eine Dauer von 0,2 h bis 10 h. Besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Ausscheidungshärtung in einem Temperaturintervall zwischen 180° C und 220° C für eine Dauer von 0,5 h bis 8 h. Die Dauer der Temperaturbehandlung hängt von der Temperatur ab, bei höheren Temperaturen verkürzt sich die Wärmebehandlung erheblich.A heat treatment of the component, preferably after solution annealing, leads to precipitation hardening (hot curing) of an Al matrix (by which the component is formed) by deliberately intermetallic phases such. B. said Mg 2 Si or Al 3 Ni can be excreted. The precipitation hardening takes place in a temperature interval between 160 ° C and 240 ° C for a period of 0.2 h to 10 h. Precipitation hardening is particularly preferably carried out in a temperature interval between 180 ° C. and 220 ° C. for a period of 0.5 h to 8 h. The duration of the heat treatment depends on the temperature, at higher temperatures the heat treatment is shortened considerably.

    Das Bauteil, das durch die erfindungsgemäße Legierung dargestellt wird, ist bevorzugt als Sandguß- oder Kokillenguß-Bauteil ausgebildet, da so die bereits genannte Wärmebehandlung erleichtert wird. Für ein Bauteil, das im Druckgießverfahren hergestellt wird, ist die Wärmebehandlung auf Grund von Lufteinschlüssen nicht ohne Weiteres möglich. In diesem Fall müßte ein, verfahrenstechnisch aufwendigeres Vakuumdruckgießverfahren angewandt werden.The component represented by the alloy according to the invention is preferred as a sand casting or permanent mold component trained as so the heat treatment already mentioned is facilitated. For a component that uses the die casting process is produced, is the heat treatment due to air pockets not easily possible. In this case it should a, technically more complex vacuum die casting process be applied.

    Besonders zweckmäßig ist das erfindungsgemäße Bauteil als Zylinderkopf oder als Zylinderkurbelgehäuse in einem Verbrennungsmotor ausgestaltet. In diesen Bauteilen, insbesondere in Zylinderköpfen treten sehr hohe Drücke bei hohen Temperaturen auf. Hinzu kommt, dass diese Bauteile sehr komplexe Geometrien aufweisen wie z. B. an den Ventilstegen im Zylinderkopf oder an den Kühlkanälen im Zylinderkurbelgehäuse. Diese Konstruktionen wirken gerade bei den hohen Temperaturen, Drücken und Wechselbelastung als Kerben und Bruchausgangsstellen. Eine besonders hohe Bruchdehnung in Kombination mit einer erhöhten Warmfestigkeit bietet hier einen erheblichen Vorteil. The component according to the invention is particularly expedient as a cylinder head or as a cylinder crankcase in an internal combustion engine designed. In these components, especially in Cylinder heads experience very high pressures at high temperatures on. In addition, these components have very complex geometries have such. B. on the valve webs in the cylinder head or on the cooling channels in the cylinder crankcase. These constructions work especially at high temperatures, pressures and alternating loads as notches and break points. A special one high elongation at break in combination with increased heat resistance offers a significant advantage here.

    Die Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird im folgenden Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.The embodiment of the invention is in the following embodiment explained in more detail.

    Es zeigen:

    Fig. 1,
    das schematische Aushärtverhalten eines Bauteils als Funktion der Zeit, bei einer Temperatur T1.
    Fig. 2,
    das schematische Aushärtverhalten eines Bauteils als Funktion der Zeit, bei einer Temperatur T2, wobei T2 größer als T1 ist.
    Show it:
    Fig. 1
    the schematic curing behavior of a component as a function of time, at a temperature T1.
    Fig. 2,
    the schematic curing behavior of a component as a function of time, at a temperature T2, where T2 is greater than T1.

    Ein Zylinderkopf eines Verbrennungsmotors wird im Kokollengießverfahren mit der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung gegossen. Die Gießparameter entsprechen der üblichen verfahrensbedingten Prozeßführung.A cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is used in the log casting process cast with the alloy according to the invention. The Casting parameters correspond to the usual procedural process control.

    Nach dem Gießen und nach dem Abkühlen weist das Bauteil eine grobe Kornstruktur von Mischkristallen auf, da Aluminium gegenüber den meisten Legierungselementen bei Raumtemperatur eine sehr geringe Löslichkeit aufweist. Aus diesem Grund erfolgt nun ein Lösungsglühen des Bauteils für ca. 4 -5 h bei einer Temperatur von ca. 540° C. Bei diesem Schritt lösen sich die Legierungselemente in der Aluminiummatrix. Anschließend wird das Bauteil in Wasser abgeschreckt, wobei die Legierungselemente in der Aluminiummatrix gelöst bleiben.After casting and after cooling, the component has one coarse grain structure of mixed crystals due to aluminum most alloying elements at room temperature has very low solubility. For this reason it is now done solution annealing of the component for approx. 4 -5 h at one temperature of approx. 540 ° C. In this step, the alloying elements loosen in the aluminum matrix. Then that will Component quenched in water, the alloying elements in the aluminum matrix remain solved.

    Im Weiteren erfolgt ein Auscheidungshärten, bei dem die in der Aluminiummatrix gelösten Elemente unter Bildung von Mischkristallen aus der Matrix kontrolliert ausscheiden. Dies erfolgt bei einer Temperatur von 220° C über 0,5 Stunden. Alternativ hierzu kann das Ausscheidungshärten bei 180° C für 8 Stunden erfolgen. Die Phasen, die sich beim Ausscheidungshärten bilden (Ausscheidungen)sind intermetallische Verbindungen, diese beinhalten unter anderem Mg2Si, das die Festigkeit des Bauteils steigert und Al3Ni (oder andere ternäre und/oder quarternäre intermetallische Verbindungen auf Basis von Aluminium und Nikkel) das auf Grund seiner hohen Schmelztemperatur die Warmfestigkeit des Bauteils erhöht.Furthermore, precipitation hardening takes place, in which the elements dissolved in the aluminum matrix leave the matrix in a controlled manner with the formation of mixed crystals. This takes place at a temperature of 220 ° C for 0.5 hours. Alternatively, precipitation hardening can take place at 180 ° C for 8 hours. The phases that form during precipitation hardening (precipitations) are intermetallic compounds, these include Mg 2 Si, which increases the strength of the component and Al 3 Ni (or other ternary and / or quaternary intermetallic compounds based on aluminum and nickel) which increases the heat resistance of the component due to its high melting temperature.

    Die Festigkeit und die Duktilität des Bauteils ist durch die Temperaturführung und der Dauer der Temperaturbehandlung einstellbar, was, wie erwähnt, auf die ausgeschiedenen Kristall (z. B. die intermetallische Verbindungen Mg2Si und Al3Ni) zurückzuführen ist.The strength and ductility of the component can be adjusted by the temperature control and the duration of the temperature treatment, which, as mentioned, is due to the deposited crystal (e.g. the intermetallic compounds Mg 2 Si and Al 3 Ni).

    Ebenso wirkt sich die Größe der Mg2Si und Al3Ti-Ausscheidungen, die ebenfalls durch die Wärmebehandlung beeinflußt werden auf die Bauteileigenschaften aus, was im Folgenden erläutert wird.The size of the Mg2Si and Al3Ti precipitates also affects which are also influenced by the heat treatment the component properties, which is explained below.

    In Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 ist schematisch die Festigkeit σ des Bauteils (linke y-Achse) und die Bruchdehnung ε (rechte y-Achse, gestrichelt) als Funktion der Dauer der Wärmebehandlung t dargestellt. Die Figuren 1 und 2 unterscheiden sich in der Temperatur T der Wärmebehandlungen, wobei T von Figur 1 kleiner ist als T von Figur 2. Die durchgezogenen Kurven 1 und 3 zeigen schematisch den Verlauf der Festigkeit σ, die gestrichelten Linien 2 und 4 den Verlauf der Bruchdehnung ε.The strength σ of the component is shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2 (left y-axis) and the elongation at break ε (right y-axis, dotted) as a function of the duration of the heat treatment t. Figures 1 and 2 differ in temperature T of the heat treatments, T of Figure 1 being smaller as T of Figure 2. The solid curves 1 and 3 show schematically the course of the strength σ, the dashed lines 2 and 4 the course of the elongation at break ε.

    Abhängig von der Temperatur erreicht die Bauteilfestigkeit nach einer bestimmten Dauer der Wärmebehandlung ein Maximum. Dieser Zustand wird im Allgemeinen T6 genannt, das Bauteil weist hier eine sehr feine Struktur der Ausscheidungen auf. Gleichzeitig erreicht die Bruchdehnung im T6 Zustand ein Minimum. Wird die Wärmebehandlung nach Erreichen des T6-Zustandes fortgesetzt, tritt eine sogenannte Überhärtung ein, was als T7-Zustand bezeichnet wird. Der T7-Zustand hat den Vorteil, dass auf Grund der gröberen Struktur der Ausscheidungen, die sich in diesem Zustand einstellt, die Bruchdehnung wieder zunimmt.Depending on the temperature, the component strength reaches a maximum of a certain duration of the heat treatment. This Condition is generally called T6, the component points here a very fine structure of the excretions. simultaneously the elongation at break in the T6 state reaches a minimum. Will the Heat treatment continued after reaching T6 state, a so-called over-hardening occurs, which is referred to as the T7 state becomes. The T7 state has the advantage of being due the rougher structure of the excretions found in this Sets state, the elongation at break increases again.

    Die Bezeichnungen T6 und T7 sind feststehende Fachbegriffe, T steht in diesen Bezeichnungen nicht für Temperatur. The designations T6 and T7 are fixed technical terms, T does not stand for temperature in these terms.

    Bei der Wärmebehandlung des erfindungsgemäßen Bauteils ist darauf zu achten, dass sowohl die Festigkeit als auch die Bruchdehnung den Anforderungen an das Bauteil entsprechen. Im Allgemeinen ist aufgabenbezogen der Zustand T7 mit einer möglichst hohen Bruchdehnung anzustreben.It is important in the heat treatment of the component according to the invention to ensure that both the strength and the elongation at break meet the requirements for the component. in the In general, the status T7 is related to the task to strive for high elongation at break.

    Ein Vergleich von Figur 1 und Figur 2 zeigt, dass die Maxima und Minima des T6-Zustandes bei einer höheren Temperatur (Figur 2) deutlich stärker ausgeprägt sind und früher erreicht werden als bei niedrigeren Temperaturen (Figur 1). Die Phasenbildung ist bei höheren Temperaturen jedoch schwerer zu kontrollieren. Die beschriebene Wärmebehandlung von 220° C für 1,2 h stellt einen Kompromiss dieser Aspekte dar.A comparison of Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows that the maxima and minima of the T6 state at a higher temperature (Fig 2) are significantly more pronounced and can be reached earlier than at lower temperatures (Figure 1). The phase formation is more difficult to control at higher temperatures. The described heat treatment of 220 ° C for 1.2 h a compromise of these aspects.

    Die Legierungselemente Silizium und Magnesium bewirken eine Festigkeitssteigerung und eine Verschiebung der Kurven 1 und 3 nach oben. Im Gegenzug werden durch diese Elemente die Kurven 2 und 4 nach unten verschoben, was sich negativ auf die Bruchdehnung auswirkt. Überraschenderweise konnte festgestellt werden, dass sowohl Nickel als auch Kobalt als Legierungselemente die Kurven 1 und 3 nach oben verschieben, ohne eine negative Auswirkung auf die Bruchdehnung auszuüben.The alloying elements silicon and magnesium increase the strength and a shift of curves 1 and 3 up. In return, these elements make curves 2 and 4 shifted down, which negatively affects the elongation at break effect. Surprisingly, it was found that both nickel and cobalt are the alloying elements Move curves 1 and 3 upwards without a negative impact on the elongation at break.

    Somit führt die Zugabe von Nickel und/oder Kobalt an sich, insbesondere jedoch in Kombination mit einer kontrollierten Wärmebehandlung, durch die sich die gewünschten Ausscheidungen von Verbindungen auf der Basis von Aluminium und Nickel bzw. Aluminium und Kobalt bilden und die vorteilhafte Kornstruktur eingestellt wird, zu der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung der Aufgabe.Thus, the addition of nickel and / or cobalt per se, in particular but in combination with a controlled heat treatment, through which the desired excretions of Connections based on aluminum and nickel or aluminum and form cobalt and set the advantageous grain structure becomes the solution of the task according to the invention.

    Claims (8)

    Außhärtbare Aluminium-Gusslegierung
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Legierung neben Aluminium als funktionale Elemente 5 bis 10 Gew.% Silizium, 0,2 bis 0,35 Gew.% Magnesium, 0,3 bis 3 Gew.% Nickel, und/oder 0,6 bis 3 Gew. % Kobalt,
    sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen enthält.    Hardenable cast aluminum alloy
    characterized in that
    the alloy in addition to aluminum as functional elements 5 to 10% by weight of silicon, 0.2 to 0.35% by weight of magnesium, 0.3 to 3% by weight of nickel, and / or 0.6 to 3% by weight of cobalt,
    as well as manufacturing-related impurities.         Außhärtbare Aluminium-Gusslegierung nach Anspruch 1
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Legierung neben Aluminium als funktionale Elemente 6,5 bis 7,5 Gew.% Silizium, 0,2 bis 0,35 Gew.% Magnesium, 0,5 bis 2,5 Gew.% Nickel, sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen enthält.    Curable cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1
    characterized in that
    the alloy in addition to aluminum as functional elements 6.5 to 7.5% by weight of silicon, 0.2 to 0.35% by weight of magnesium, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of nickel, as well as manufacturing-related impurities.         Bauteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil zumindest lokal als Legierungselemente 5 bis 10 Gew.% Silizium, 0,2 bis 0,35 Gew.% Magnesium, 0,3 bis 3 Gew.% Nickel,    und/oder 0,6 bis 3 Gew. % Kobalt,
    aufweist und     dass das Bauteil Phasen enthält, die Aluminium und Nickel und/oder Aluminium und Kobalt aufweisen und in Form von binären und/oder ternären und/oder quarternären intermetallischen Verbindungen vorliegen.     Aluminum alloy component,
    characterized in that the component at least locally as alloying elements 5 to 10% by weight of silicon, 0.2 to 0.35% by weight of magnesium, 0.3 to 3% by weight of nickel, and / or 0.6 to 3% by weight of cobalt,
    has and     that the component contains phases which have aluminum and nickel and / or aluminum and cobalt and are in the form of binary and / or ternary and / or quaternary intermetallic compounds.     Bauteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil zumindest lokal als Legierungselemente 6,5 bis 7,5 Gew.% Silizium, 0,2 und 0,35 Gew.% Magnesium und 0,5 und 2,5 Gew.% Nickel aufweist und dass das Bauteil Phasen enthält, die Aluminium und Nickel aufweisen und in Form von binären und/oder ternären und/oder quarternären intermetallischen Verbindungen vorliegen.     An aluminum alloy component according to claim 3,
    characterized in that the component at least locally as alloying elements 6.5 to 7.5% by weight of silicon, 0.2 and 0.35% by weight of magnesium and 0.5 and 2.5 wt% nickel has and that the component contains phases which have aluminum and nickel and are in the form of binary and / or ternary and / or quaternary intermetallic compounds.     Bauteil nach Anspruch 3 oder 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Bauteil bei einer Temperatur zwischen 16.0° C und 240° C 0,2 bis 10 h warmausgehärtet ist.    Component according to claim 3 or 4,
    characterized in that
    the component is thermoset at a temperature between 16.0 ° C and 240 ° C for 0.2 to 10 h.         Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Bauteil bei einer Temperatur zwischen 180° C und 220° C 0,5 bis 8 h wärmebehandelt ist.    Component according to one of Claims 3 to 5,
    characterized in that
    the component is heat-treated at a temperature between 180 ° C and 220 ° C for 0.5 to 8 h.         Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Bauteil in einem Sandgieß- oder Kokillengieß- oder Vakuumdruckgießverfahren herstellbar ist.    Component according to one of Claims 3 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the component can be produced in a sand casting or chill casting or vacuum pressure casting process.         Bauteil nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Bauteil ein Zylinderkopf oder ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse eines Verbrennungsmotors ist.    Component according to one of Claims 3 to 7,
    characterized in that
    the component is a cylinder head or a cylinder crankcase of an internal combustion engine.
    EP01127698A 2000-12-15 2001-11-21 Precipitation-hardening aluminium alloy and part thereof Expired - Lifetime EP1215295B1 (en)

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    DE10062547 2000-12-15
    DE10062547A DE10062547A1 (en) 2000-12-15 2000-12-15 Hardenable cast aluminum alloy and component

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    US20020088509A1 (en) 2002-07-11

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