EP1213440A1 - Method for transmitting information along a drill string - Google Patents

Method for transmitting information along a drill string Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1213440A1
EP1213440A1 EP01402933A EP01402933A EP1213440A1 EP 1213440 A1 EP1213440 A1 EP 1213440A1 EP 01402933 A EP01402933 A EP 01402933A EP 01402933 A EP01402933 A EP 01402933A EP 1213440 A1 EP1213440 A1 EP 1213440A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
electrical signal
annular space
pipe
drill string
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EP01402933A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1213440B1 (en
Inventor
Giovanni Aiello
Jean-Claude Gessay
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Compagnie du Sol SARL
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Compagnie du Sol SARL
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/003—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings with electrically conducting or insulating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a transmission method information by a special drill string which is used to manufacture columns more resistant than the ground in place, this drill string allowing, this train of rods allowing the transmission of said information between its upper end near the ground surface and its lower end carrying the drilling tools.
  • the technique of soil consolidation by destructuring ground by a jet of liquid at very high pressure most often called “jet grouting” consists in making columns of soil concrete (mixing in place of land with a binder provided by the jet fluid) from a drilling using a drill string in which the fluid is sent to high pressure to make the column.
  • jet grouting uses two fluids.
  • She is made of conventional way using a double column drill string, i.e. having an internal pipe for driving the two fluids at the bottom of the borehole.
  • the central pipe conveys the jet liquid, usually a mixture of water and cement, and in the annular space between the external wall of the tube and the internal pipe circulates the compressed air.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a support for transmission of information using a drill string for the technique "double jet” which is simpler to use and can be used with standard “double jet” rods.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a drill string for the implementation of the "double jet” technique which allows improved information transmission.
  • the current loop is formed by the conductive elements formed by the external wall of the rods and by the internal pipe of these same rods which are separated by the insulating gas filling the annular space between these two tubes coaxial.
  • This transmission of information does not require no modification of standard rods. It simply requires putting inductive coupling coils in the drill pipe lower and in the upper drill pipe.
  • the lower coil in this embodiment, plays the role of transmitter and the upper coil plays the role of receiver enabling information to be transmitted to processing and operating facilities located on the ground surface.
  • the information applied to the first coil i.e. at the lower coil
  • the information applied to the first coil are the ones that are delivered by the sensors mounted in the lower part of the train rods and that this same information, possibly transformed as to their shape, are collected by the upper coil and transmitted to treatment units arranged on the ground surface.
  • FIG 1 there is shown in a simplified manner a drilling machine by "double jet”.
  • This figure shows a platform 10 preferably mounted on tracks 12 on which is articulated at its lower end 14a a vertical guide mast 14.
  • the mast 14 is used for guiding in vertical translation of a carriage 16 which carries itself a drilling head 18 or rotation head.
  • the drilling head 18 is used, on the one hand, for the rotation of the drill string 20 constituted by the elementary rods 20a and for the downward movement of the drill string under the effect of the descent of the carriage 16.
  • a l 'upper end of the drill string there is in particular a rotary joint 22 which allows the supply of pressurized air and jet liquid 24 and 26.
  • the lower rod 20 i is equipped with the jet tool 28 and d '' a mechanical drilling tool 30.
  • each rod 20a is constituted by an external tube 34 and by an internal coaxial pipe 36.
  • the external wall 34 and the internal pipe 36 define between them an annular space 38 which is used for conveying the pressurized air to the jet module 28.
  • the internal coaxial pipe 38 is used for conveying the pressurized liquid also to the jet module.
  • a first coil 40 of electromagnetic coupling which coil is mounted in the annular space 38 filled with pressurized air.
  • This coil 40 surrounds the internal pipe 36.
  • the external wall 34 of the rod has a portion of larger diameter 42.
  • the coil 40 is connected by electrical conductors such as 44 to the sensors of the module 32.
  • a second coil 46 is mounted which surrounds the internal pipe 36 and which is arranged in the annular space 38. This second coil 46 is connected to electrical conductors 48 by means of the rotary joint 22.
  • the outer wall of the rods 20 and the internal pipe 36 of these same rods are made of a metal or a electrically conductive alloy. It is understood that the internal pipe 36 and the outer wall 34 electrically connected at their ends superior and inferior by any suitable means constitute a conductive loop well suited for transmission according to the mode of current loop.
  • the coils 40 and 46 are mounted on one of the conducting elements of this current loop constituted by the internal pipe 36 and external wall 34. If so, we apply a signal non-continuous electric to the lower coil 40, an induced current is created in the current loop defined above and is therefore collected by the upper coil 46. We therefore obtain, on the coil 46 and the conductors 48 associated with it, an electrical signal representative of the electrical signal that has been applied to the lower coil 40. If the signal applied to the coil 40 is representative of measurements made by the sensors arranged in the measurement compartment 32, it is understood that electrical signals representative of these measurements, these electrical signals being able to be processed in real time at the surface.
  • a verticality sensor 50 used to control the verticality of the drilling tool and a sensor 52 making it possible to measure the thickness of the column produced in the jet phase. He could of course there are other sensors arranged in this compartment.
  • the measurement sensors 50, 52 are connected to an interface component 56 which converts the electrical signals delivered by the sensors and corresponding to the measurements made in digital measurements then in an alternative signal representative of the digital information. It is by example of a generator of fixed frequency and fixed amplitude which delivers an alternating signal in the periods when the digital signal has the value binary 1 and which does not deliver any alternative signal in the case where the signal numeric has the binary value 0. This is shown in Figure 4.
  • the frequency signals produced by the interface circuit 56 are applied to the lower inductive coupling coil 40 by the conductors 44.
  • the inductive coupling coils 40 and 46 consist of a torus-shaped magnetic core surrounding the internal pipe 36, core on which an electrical conductor is wound to constitute a conventional type electromagnetic coil.
  • the upper receiving coil 46 which is connected via the rotary joint 22 to the electrical output conductor 48.
  • the coil 46 is preferably also produced using a magnetic core in the form of a torus 58 and an electrical conductor wound on this core 60.
  • FIG 3 there is also shown schematically the arrival of the pressurized liquid 62, for example cement in suspension in water to supply the internal pipe 36 and the supply of compressed air 64 to supply the annular space 38.
  • the jet compartment 28 there is also shown schematically an injection nozzle 66 connected to the axial pipe 36 and a annular nozzle 68 connected to the annular space 38 in which circulates pressurized air.
  • the processing assembly there is a lower emitting coil 40 connected to the sensors and an upper coil 46 connected to the processing assembly.
  • Information therefore flows from the bottom of the drill string to the ground surface.
  • the two coils will preferably consist of a single magnetic core on which a transmitter winding and a receiver winding will be wound.
  • each coil can be associated with a switching device which allows it to be connected either to a receiving circuit, either to a transmitter circuit.
  • the two electromagnetic coils associated with the loop current defined above also allow transmission of electrical energy from the surface to the measurement compartment 32 to recharge the battery or accumulator 54. This transfer of energy is carried out in periods when no information is to be transmitted.
  • the technique of "triple jet” is used.
  • a liquid jet and a pressurized air jet are used to deconstruct the ground while the third jet is used to supply the grout for the realization of the column.
  • the rods then have two pipes internal coaxial.
  • the coupling coils inductive will still be arranged in the annular space in which pressurized air flows.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un train de tiges de forage (20i, 20s) équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations, chaque tige comportant une paroi externe conductrice (34), une conduite interne (36) coaxiale également conductrice pour la circulation d'un liquide sous pression, ledit espace annulaire (38) entre la paroi externe et la conduite interne étant rempli d'un fluide isolant.The invention relates to a drill string (20i, 20s) equipped with information transmission means, each rod having an external conductive wall (34), an internal pipe (36) coaxial also conductive for the circulation of a liquid under pressure, said annular space (38) between the external wall and the pipe internal being filled with an insulating fluid.

Les moyens de transmission d'informations comprennent :

  • une première bobine de couplage inductif (40) disposée à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure dudit train de tiges dans ledit espace annulaire (38) ; des moyens (44, 56) pour appliquer à ladite bobine un signal électrique représentatif des informations à transmettre ; une deuxième bobine (46) de couplage inductif disposée à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure dudit train de tiges et dans l'espace annulaire (38) ; des moyens (48) pour recueillir le signal électrique créé dans ladite deuxième bobine.
Figure 00000001
The means of transmitting information include:
  • a first inductive coupling coil (40) disposed near the lower end of said drill string in said annular space (38); means (44, 56) for applying to said coil an electrical signal representative of the information to be transmitted; a second inductive coupling coil (46) disposed near the upper end of said drill string and in the annular space (38); means (48) for collecting the electrical signal created in said second coil.
Figure 00000001

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de transmission d'informations par un train de tiges spéciales qui sert à la fabrication de colonnes plus résistantes que le terrain en place, ce train de tiges permettant, ce train de tiges permettant la transmission desdites informations entre son extrémité supérieure voisine de la surface du sol et son extrémité inférieure portant les outils de forage.The subject of the present invention is a transmission method information by a special drill string which is used to manufacture columns more resistant than the ground in place, this drill string allowing, this train of rods allowing the transmission of said information between its upper end near the ground surface and its lower end carrying the drilling tools.

La technique de consolidation des sols par déstructuration du terrain par un jet de liquide à très haute pression, le plus souvent appelée "jet grouting" consiste à réaliser des colonnes de béton de sol (mélange en place de terrain avec un liant apporté par le fluide du jet) à partir d'un forage en utilisant un train de tiges dans lequel est envoyé le fluide à haute pression pour réaliser la colonne. Un des procédés de jet appelé "jet double" utilise deux fluides. Un premier liquide pour déstructurer le terrain et de l'air pour améliorer l'efficacité du jet de liquide. Elle se fait de façon classique en utilisant un train de tiges à double colonne, c'est-à-dire comportant une conduite interne permettant de conduire les deux fluides au fond du forage. La conduite centrale véhicule le liquide de jet, généralement un mélange d'eau et de ciment, et dans l'espace annulaire entre la paroi externe du tube et la conduite interne circule l'air comprimé.The technique of soil consolidation by destructuring ground by a jet of liquid at very high pressure, most often called "jet grouting" consists in making columns of soil concrete (mixing in place of land with a binder provided by the jet fluid) from a drilling using a drill string in which the fluid is sent to high pressure to make the column. One of the jet processes called "double jet" uses two fluids. A first liquid to deconstruct the ground and air to improve the efficiency of the liquid jet. She is made of conventional way using a double column drill string, i.e. having an internal pipe for driving the two fluids at the bottom of the borehole. The central pipe conveys the jet liquid, usually a mixture of water and cement, and in the annular space between the external wall of the tube and the internal pipe circulates the compressed air.

Il est de plus en plus fréquent de faire des colonnes profondes en "jet grouting" qui doivent être parfaitement positionnées pour constituer un voile dans le sol ou un massif de terrain traité par cette méthode. Pour arriver à réaliser correctement ce type d'ouvrage, il faut mesurer en continu, d'une part, la position du forage pendant la phase de forage et, d'autre part, le diamètre de la colonne pendant la phase de jet servant à réaliser la colonne dans le forage réalisé précédemment. Pour cela, des capteurs de position inclinomètre, magnétomètre ou gyromètre et des appareils de mesure de diamètre sont embarqués à l'extrémité inférieure du train de tiges. Ces capteurs doivent pouvoir communiquer avec la surface afin que les données qu'ils fournissent soient transmises en temps réel pour permettre d'apporter immédiatement les corrections nécessaires afin d'obtenir la qualité requise pour l'ouvrage en cours de construction.It is more and more common to make deep columns in jet grouting which must be perfectly positioned to constitute a veil in the ground or a mass of ground treated by this method. For to achieve this type of work correctly, it is necessary to measure on the one hand, the position of the drilling during the drilling phase and, on the other hand, the diameter of the column during the jet phase used to carry out the column in the drilling carried out previously. For this, position sensors inclinometer, magnetometer or gyrometer and diameter measuring devices are on board at the lower end of the drill string. These sensors must be able to communicate with the surface so that the data they provide is transmitted in real time to allow immediate corrections necessary to obtain the quality required for the work in progress construction.

Pour réaliser cette transmission d'informations, on a déjà proposé dans les demandes de brevet français 2 777 595 et 2 777 594 d'utiliser une boucle de courant pour transmettre l'information dont un des conducteurs est le fluide de forage lui-même et dont le second est, soit la tige, soit le terrain. Des bobines, respectivement émettrice et réceptrice sont disposées sur ce circuit électrique pour émettre et recevoir les informations sous forme d'impulsions électriques. Il faut pour cela utiliser des tiges qui comportent un isolant intérieur et le fluide doit être conducteur de l'électricité.To carry out this transmission of information, we already have proposed in French patent applications 2,777,595 and 2,777,594 to use a current loop to transmit information, one of the conductors is the drilling fluid itself and the second of which is either the stem, or the ground. Coils, transmitting and receiving respectively are arranged on this electrical circuit to transmit and receive the information in the form of electrical pulses. To do this, use rods that have interior insulation and the fluid must be conductor of electricity.

Un premier objet de l'invention est de fournir un support de transmission d'informations à l'aide d'un train de tiges pour la technique de "jet double" qui soit plus simple de mise en oeuvre et utilisable avec des tiges pour "jet double" standard.A first object of the invention is to provide a support for transmission of information using a drill string for the technique "double jet" which is simpler to use and can be used with standard "double jet" rods.

Pour atteindre ce but selon l'invention, le procédé de transmission d'informations entre l'extrémité inférieure et l'extrémité supérieure d'un train de tiges, chaque tige comprenant une paroi conductrice externe et une conduite interne coaxiale en un matériau conducteur pour l'acheminement du liquide sous pression, l'espace annulaire entre ladite conduite et ladite paroi externe étant rempli par un fluide isolant électrique, est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes :

  • on dispose une première bobine de couplage inductif à proximité de l'extrémité à fermer du train de tiges dans ledit espace annulaire de telle manière que ladite bobine entoure ladite conduite,
  • on applique à ladite bobine un signal électrique représentatif de l'information à transmettre,
  • on dispose une deuxième bobine de couplage inductif à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges dans ledit espace annulaire pour que ladite deuxième bobine entoure ladite conduite,
  • on recueille sur ladite deuxième bobine un signal électrique représentatif de l'information transmise.
    • To achieve this object according to the invention, the method of transmitting information between the lower end and the upper end of a string of rods, each rod comprising an external conductive wall and an internal coaxial pipe made of a conductive material for the conveying of the liquid under pressure, the annular space between said pipe and said external wall being filled with an electrical insulating fluid, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • a first inductive coupling coil is placed near the end to be closed of the drill string in said annular space so that said coil surrounds said pipe,
  • an electrical signal representative of the information to be transmitted is applied to said coil,
  • there is a second inductive coupling coil near the upper end of the drill string in said annular space so that said second coil surrounds said pipe,
  • an electrical signal representative of the information transmitted is collected on said second coil.

    • Un autre objet de l'invention est de fournir un train de tiges pour la mise en oeuvre de la technique à "jet double" qui permet de façon améliorée la transmission de l'information.Another object of the invention is to provide a drill string for the implementation of the "double jet" technique which allows improved information transmission.

    Pour atteindre ce but, le train de tiges équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations, chaque tige comportant une paroi externe conductrice, une conduite interne coaxiale également conductrice pour la circulation d'un liquide sous pression, ledit espace annulaire entre la paroi externe et la conduite interne étant rempli d'un fluide isolant, est caractérisé en ce que les moyens de transmission d'informations comprennent :

    • une première bobine de couplage inductif disposée à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure dudit train de tiges dans ledit espace annulaire de telle manière que ladite bobine entoure ladite conduite ;
    • des moyens pour appliquer à ladite bobine un signal électrique représentatif des informations à transmettre ;
    • une deuxième bobine de couplage inductif disposée à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure dudit train de tiges et dans l'espace annulaire de telle manière que ladite bobine entoure ladite conduite ;
    • des moyens pour recueillir le signal électrique créé dans ladite deuxième bobine.
    To achieve this goal, the drill string equipped with information transmission means, each rod having an external conductive wall, an internal coaxial pipe also conductive for the circulation of a pressurized liquid, said annular space between the external wall and the internal pipe being filled with an insulating fluid, is characterized in that the information transmission means comprise:
    • a first inductive coupling coil disposed near the lower end of said drill string in said annular space such that said coil surrounds said pipe;
    • means for applying to said coil an electrical signal representative of the information to be transmitted;
    • a second inductive coupling coil disposed near the upper end of said drill string and in the annular space such that said coil surrounds said pipe;
    • means for collecting the electrical signal created in said second coil.

    On comprend que, selon l'invention, la boucle de courant est constituée par les éléments conducteurs formés par la paroi externe des tiges et par la conduite interne de ces mêmes tiges qui sont séparées par le gaz isolant remplissant l'espace annulaire entre ces deux tubes coaxiaux. On voit donc que cette transmission d'informations ne demande aucune modification des tiges standard. Elle nécessite simplement la mise en place des bobines de couplage inductif dans la tige de forage inférieure et dans la tige de forage supérieure. La bobine inférieure, dans ce mode de réalisation, joue le rôle d'émetteur et la bobine supérieure joue le rôle de récepteur permettant de transmettre l'information vers les installations de traitement et d'exploitation disposées à la surface du sol.It is understood that, according to the invention, the current loop is formed by the conductive elements formed by the external wall of the rods and by the internal pipe of these same rods which are separated by the insulating gas filling the annular space between these two tubes coaxial. We therefore see that this transmission of information does not require no modification of standard rods. It simply requires putting inductive coupling coils in the drill pipe lower and in the upper drill pipe. The lower coil, in this embodiment, plays the role of transmitter and the upper coil plays the role of receiver enabling information to be transmitted to processing and operating facilities located on the ground surface.

    On comprend également que les informations appliquées à la première bobine, c'est-à-dire à la bobine inférieure, sont celles qui sont délivrées par les capteurs montés dans la partie inférieure du train de tiges et que ces mêmes informations, éventuellement transformées quant à leur forme, sont recueillies par la bobine supérieure et transmises aux ensembles de traitement disposés à la surface du sol.We also understand that the information applied to the first coil, i.e. at the lower coil, are the ones that are delivered by the sensors mounted in the lower part of the train rods and that this same information, possibly transformed as to their shape, are collected by the upper coil and transmitted to treatment units arranged on the ground surface.

    D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit de plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux figues annexées, sur lesquelles :

    • la figure 1 est une vue en élévation d'un équipement de forage par "jet grouting" de type connu ;
    • la figure 2 est une vue simplifiée de l'ensemble du train de tiges équipé des moyens de transmission ;
    • la figure 3 montre plus en détail les moyens de transmission d'informations montés à la partie supérieure et à la partie inférieure du train de tiges ; et
    • la figure 4 montre un exemple de codage de l'information à transmettre.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the following description of several embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the appended figs, in which:
    • Figure 1 is an elevational view of drilling equipment by "jet grouting" of known type;
    • Figure 2 is a simplified view of the entire drill string equipped with the transmission means;
    • Figure 3 shows in more detail the information transmission means mounted at the upper part and at the lower part of the drill string; and
    • FIG. 4 shows an example of coding of the information to be transmitted.

    Sur la figure 1, on a représenté de façon simplifiée une machine de forage par "jet double". Cette figure montre une plate-forme 10 de préférence montée sur des chenilles 12 sur laquelle est articulé à son extrémité inférieure 14a un mât vertical de guidage 14. Le mât 14 sert au guidage en translation verticale d'un chariot 16 qui porte lui-même une tête de forage 18 ou tête de mise en rotation. La tête de forage 18 sert, d'une part, à la mise en rotation du train de tiges 20 constitué par les tiges élémentaires 20a et au mouvement de descente du train de tiges sous l'effet de la descente du chariot 16. A l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges, on trouve en particulier un joint tournant 22 qui permet l'alimentation en air sous pression et en liquide de jet 24 et 26. La tige inférieure 20i est équipée de l'outil de jet 28 et d'un outil mécanique de forage 30.In Figure 1, there is shown in a simplified manner a drilling machine by "double jet". This figure shows a platform 10 preferably mounted on tracks 12 on which is articulated at its lower end 14a a vertical guide mast 14. The mast 14 is used for guiding in vertical translation of a carriage 16 which carries itself a drilling head 18 or rotation head. The drilling head 18 is used, on the one hand, for the rotation of the drill string 20 constituted by the elementary rods 20a and for the downward movement of the drill string under the effect of the descent of the carriage 16. A l 'upper end of the drill string, there is in particular a rotary joint 22 which allows the supply of pressurized air and jet liquid 24 and 26. The lower rod 20 i is equipped with the jet tool 28 and d '' a mechanical drilling tool 30.

    On comprend que le forage est réalisé par la mise en rotation du train de tiges et par l'abaissement de celui-ci dans le sol. On comprend également que, dans le cas où le forage est profond, on sera amené à monter des tiges 20a intermédiaires supplémentaires.It is understood that the drilling is carried out by the rotation of the drill string and by lowering it into the ground. We understand also that, in the case where the drilling is deep, we will have to mount additional intermediate rods 20a.

    Sur la figure 2, on a représenté de façon simplifiée le train de tiges 20 avec ses tiges courantes 20a, sa tige inférieure 20i, l'outil de jet 28 et l'outil mécanique 30. A son extrémité inférieure, le train de tiges comporte en outre un module 32 contenant différents capteurs qui seront explicités ultérieurement. Comme le montre la figure 2, chaque tige 20a est constituée par un tube externe 34 et par une conduite interne coaxiale 36. La paroi externe 34 et la conduite interne 36 définissent entre elles un espace annulaire 38 qui sert à l'acheminement de l'air sous pression vers le module de jet 28. La conduite interne coaxiale 38 sert à l'acheminement du liquide sous pression également vers le module de jet.In Figure 2, there is shown in a simplified manner the drill string 20 with its common rods 20a, its lower rod 20 i , the jet tool 28 and the mechanical tool 30. At its lower end, the drill string further includes a module 32 containing various sensors which will be explained later. As shown in FIG. 2, each rod 20a is constituted by an external tube 34 and by an internal coaxial pipe 36. The external wall 34 and the internal pipe 36 define between them an annular space 38 which is used for conveying the pressurized air to the jet module 28. The internal coaxial pipe 38 is used for conveying the pressurized liquid also to the jet module.

    Selon l'invention, pour permettre la transmission des informations entre les capteurs contenus dans le module inférieur 32 et la surface du sol, on monte dans l'élément de tige inférieur 20i une première bobine 40 de couplage électromagnétique, cette bobine étant montée dans l'espace annulaire 38 rempli d'air sous pression. Cette bobine 40 entoure la conduite interne 36. Pour faciliter le montage de la bobine 40, il est possible de prévoir que, dans cette zone, la paroi externe 34 de la tige présente une portion de plus grand diamètre 42. Comme on l'expliquera plus en détail ultérieurement, la bobine 40 est reliée par des conducteurs électriques tels que 44 aux capteurs du module 32. Dans l'élément de tige supérieur 20s, on monte une deuxième bobine 46 qui entoure la conduite interne 36 et qui est disposée dans l'espace annulaire 38. Cette deuxième bobine 46 est reliée à des conducteurs électriques 48 par l'intermédiaire du joint tournant 22.According to the invention, to allow the transmission of information between the sensors contained in the lower module 32 and the ground surface, there is mounted in the lower rod element 20 i a first coil 40 of electromagnetic coupling, this coil being mounted in the annular space 38 filled with pressurized air. This coil 40 surrounds the internal pipe 36. To facilitate mounting of the coil 40, it is possible to provide that, in this zone, the external wall 34 of the rod has a portion of larger diameter 42. As will be explained in more detail later, the coil 40 is connected by electrical conductors such as 44 to the sensors of the module 32. In the upper rod element 20 s , a second coil 46 is mounted which surrounds the internal pipe 36 and which is arranged in the annular space 38. This second coil 46 is connected to electrical conductors 48 by means of the rotary joint 22.

    Comme cela est connu, la paroi externe des tiges 20 et la conduite interne 36 de ces mêmes tiges sont réalisées en un métal ou un alliage conducteur de l'électricité. On comprend que la conduite interne 36 et la paroi externe 34 reliées électriquement à leurs extrémités supérieures et inférieures par tout moyen convenable constituent une boucle conductrice bien adaptée pour la transmission selon le mode de boucle de courant. Les bobines 40 et 46 sont montées sur un des éléments conducteurs de cette boucle de courant constituée par la conduite interne 36 et la paroi externe 34. Si donc, on applique un signal électrique non continu à la bobine inférieure 40, un courant induit est créé dans la boucle de courant définie précédemment et est donc recueilli par la bobine supérieure 46. On obtient donc, sur la bobine 46 et les conducteurs 48 qui lui sont associés, un signal électrique représentatif du signal électrique qui a été appliqué à la bobine inférieure 40. Si le signal appliqué à la bobine 40 est représentatif de mesures effectuées par les capteurs disposés dans le compartiment de mesure 32, on comprend que l'on récupère à la surface du sol des signaux électriques représentatifs de ces mesures, ces signaux électriques pouvant être traités en temps réel à la surface.As is known, the outer wall of the rods 20 and the internal pipe 36 of these same rods are made of a metal or a electrically conductive alloy. It is understood that the internal pipe 36 and the outer wall 34 electrically connected at their ends superior and inferior by any suitable means constitute a conductive loop well suited for transmission according to the mode of current loop. The coils 40 and 46 are mounted on one of the conducting elements of this current loop constituted by the internal pipe 36 and external wall 34. If so, we apply a signal non-continuous electric to the lower coil 40, an induced current is created in the current loop defined above and is therefore collected by the upper coil 46. We therefore obtain, on the coil 46 and the conductors 48 associated with it, an electrical signal representative of the electrical signal that has been applied to the lower coil 40. If the signal applied to the coil 40 is representative of measurements made by the sensors arranged in the measurement compartment 32, it is understood that electrical signals representative of these measurements, these electrical signals being able to be processed in real time at the surface.

    En se référant maintenant à la figure 3, on va décrire plus en détail les éléments constitutifs de l'invention disposés dans l'élément de tige inférieur 20i et dans l'élément de tige supérieur 20s.Referring now to Figure 3, we will describe in more detail the components of the invention arranged in the lower rod element 20 i and in the upper rod element 20 s .

    Sur la figure 3, on a fait apparaítre plus en détail, dans le compartiment de mesure 32, un capteur de verticalité 50 servant à contrôler la verticalité de l'outil de forage et un capteur 52 permettant de mesurer l'épaisseur de la colonne réalisée dans la phase de jet. Il pourrait bien sûr y avoir d'autres capteurs disposés dans ce compartiment. On y a fait figurer également une source d'alimentation électrique autonome 54. Les capteurs de mesure 50, 52 sont reliés à un composant d'interface 56 qui permet de convertir les signaux électriques délivrés par les capteurs et correspondant aux mesures effectuées en mesures numériques puis en un signal alternatif représentatif de l'information numérique. Il s'agit par exemple d'un générateur de fréquence fixe et d'amplitude fixe qui délivre un signal alternatif dans les périodes où le signal numérique a la valeur binaire 1 et qui ne délivre aucun signal alternatif dans le cas où le signal numérique a la valeur binaire 0. C'est ce qui est représenté sur la figure 4. Les signaux de fréquence élaborés par le circuit d'interface 56 sont appliqués à la bobine de couplage inductif inférieure 40 par les conducteurs 44. De préférence, les bobines de couplage inductif 40 et 46 sont constituées par un noyau magnétique en forme de tore entourant la conduite interne 36, noyau sur lequel est bobiné un conducteur électrique pour constituer une bobine électromagnétique de type classique.In Figure 3, we have shown in more detail, in the measurement compartment 32, a verticality sensor 50 used to control the verticality of the drilling tool and a sensor 52 making it possible to measure the thickness of the column produced in the jet phase. He could of course there are other sensors arranged in this compartment. There was also includes an autonomous power source 54. The measurement sensors 50, 52 are connected to an interface component 56 which converts the electrical signals delivered by the sensors and corresponding to the measurements made in digital measurements then in an alternative signal representative of the digital information. It is by example of a generator of fixed frequency and fixed amplitude which delivers an alternating signal in the periods when the digital signal has the value binary 1 and which does not deliver any alternative signal in the case where the signal numeric has the binary value 0. This is shown in Figure 4. The frequency signals produced by the interface circuit 56 are applied to the lower inductive coupling coil 40 by the conductors 44. Preferably, the inductive coupling coils 40 and 46 consist of a torus-shaped magnetic core surrounding the internal pipe 36, core on which an electrical conductor is wound to constitute a conventional type electromagnetic coil.

    Dans l'espace annulaire 38 de la tige supérieure 20s, on retrouve la bobine supérieure réceptrice 46 qui est reliée via le joint tournant 22 au conducteur électrique de sortie 48. La bobine 46 est de préférence réalisée également à l'aide d'un noyau magnétique en forme de tore 58 et d'un conducteur électrique bobiné sur ce noyau 60.In the annular space 38 of the upper rod 20 s , there is the upper receiving coil 46 which is connected via the rotary joint 22 to the electrical output conductor 48. The coil 46 is preferably also produced using a magnetic core in the form of a torus 58 and an electrical conductor wound on this core 60.

    Sur la figure 3, on a représenté également schématiquement l'arrivée du liquide sous pression 62, par exemple du ciment en suspension dans de l'eau pour alimenter la conduite interne 36 et l'alimentation en air comprimé 64 pour alimenter l'espace annulaire 38. Dans le compartiment de jet 28, on a représenté également schématiquement une buse d'injection 66 raccordée à la conduite axiale 36 et une buse annulaire 68 raccordée à l'espace annulaire 38 dans lequel circule l'air sous pression.In Figure 3, there is also shown schematically the arrival of the pressurized liquid 62, for example cement in suspension in water to supply the internal pipe 36 and the supply of compressed air 64 to supply the annular space 38. In the jet compartment 28, there is also shown schematically an injection nozzle 66 connected to the axial pipe 36 and a annular nozzle 68 connected to the annular space 38 in which circulates pressurized air.

    Selon le mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, on trouve une bobine inférieure 40 émettrice reliée aux capteurs et une bobine supérieure 46 reliée à l'ensemble de traitement. L'information circule donc de la partie inférieure du train de tiges vers la surface du sol. Dans certains cas, il peut être intéressant de transmettre des informations aux capteurs depuis la surface du sol, c'est-à-dire de permettre la transmission du haut vers le bas. Pour cela, on peut prévoir deux bobines dans la tige supérieure 20s dont l'une est émettrice et dont l'autre est réceptrice et deux bobines dans la tige inférieure 20i respectivement émettrice et réceptrice. D'un point de vue pratique, les deux bobine seront constituées de préférence par un seul tore magnétique sur lequel on bobinera un enroulement émetteur et un enroulement récepteur.According to the embodiment described above, there is a lower emitting coil 40 connected to the sensors and an upper coil 46 connected to the processing assembly. Information therefore flows from the bottom of the drill string to the ground surface. In certain cases, it may be advantageous to transmit information to the sensors from the surface of the ground, that is to say to allow transmission from the top to the bottom. For this, one can provide two coils in the upper rod 20 s , one of which is transmitting and the other of which is receiving and two coils in the lower rod 20 i respectively transmitting and receiving. From a practical point of view, the two coils will preferably consist of a single magnetic core on which a transmitter winding and a receiver winding will be wound.

    Pour obtenir ce résultat, il est également possible de n'utiliser que deux bobines qui seront alternativement utilisées comme émetteur et comme récepteur. Pour cela, chaque bobine peut être associée à un organe de commutation qui permet de la relier soit à un circuit récepteur, soit à un circuit émetteur.To obtain this result, it is also possible to use only two coils which will alternately be used as transmitter and as a receiver. For this, each coil can be associated with a switching device which allows it to be connected either to a receiving circuit, either to a transmitter circuit.

    Les deux bobines électromagnétiques associées à la boucle de courant définie ci-dessus, permettent également de transmettre de l'énergie électrique depuis la surface vers le compartiment de mesure 32 pour recharger la batterie ou l'accumulateur 54. Ce transfert d'énergie est réalisé dans les périodes ou aucune information n'est à transmettre.The two electromagnetic coils associated with the loop current defined above, also allow transmission of electrical energy from the surface to the measurement compartment 32 to recharge the battery or accumulator 54. This transfer of energy is carried out in periods when no information is to be transmitted.

    De plus, dans la description précédente, on a envisagé le cas de la technique du "jet double".In addition, in the previous description, we considered the case of the "double jet" technique.

    Pour certains ouvrages, on utilise la technique du "jet triple". Un jet de liquide et un jet d'air sous pression servent à la déstructuration du terrain alors que le troisième jet sert à l'amenée du coulis pour la réalisation de la colonne. Les tiges comportent alors deux conduites internes coaxiales. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les bobines de couplage inductif seront encore disposées dans l'espace annulaire dans lequel circule l'air sous pression.For certain works, the technique of "triple jet" is used. A liquid jet and a pressurized air jet are used to deconstruct the ground while the third jet is used to supply the grout for the realization of the column. The rods then have two pipes internal coaxial. In this embodiment, the coupling coils inductive will still be arranged in the annular space in which pressurized air flows.

    Claims (9)

    Procédé de transmission d'informations entre l'extrémité inférieure et l'extrémité supérieure d'un train de tiges, chaque tige comprenant une paroi conductrice externe et une conduite interne coaxiale en un matériau conducteur pour l'acheminement du liquide sous pression, l'espace annulaire entre ladite conduite et ladite paroi externe étant rempli par un fluide isolant électrique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes : on dispose une première bobine de couplage inductif à proximité de l'extrémité à fermer du train de tiges dans ledit espace annulaire de telle manière que ladite bobine entoure ladite conduite, on applique à ladite bobine un signal électrique représentatif de l'information à transmettre, on dispose une deuxième bobine de couplage inductif à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure du train de tiges dans ledit espace annulaire pour que ladite deuxième bobine entoure ladite conduite, on recueille sur ladite deuxième bobine un signal électrique représentatif de l'information transmise. Method for transmitting information between the lower end and the upper end of a drill string, each rod comprising an external conductive wall and an internal coaxial pipe made of a conductive material for conveying the pressurized liquid, the annular space between said pipe and said external wall being filled with an electrical insulating fluid, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a first inductive coupling coil is placed near the end to be closed of the drill string in said annular space so that said coil surrounds said pipe, an electrical signal representative of the information to be transmitted is applied to said coil, there is a second inductive coupling coil near the upper end of the drill string in said annular space so that said second coil surrounds said pipe, an electrical signal representative of the information transmitted is collected on said second coil. Train de tiges de forage équipé de moyens de transmission d'informations, chaque tige comportant une paroi externe conductrice, une conduite interne coaxiale également conductrice pour la circulation d'un liquide sous pression, ledit espace annulaire entre la paroi externe et la conduite interne étant rempli d'un fluide isolant, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de transmission d'informations comprennent : une première bobine de couplage inductif disposée à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure dudit train de tiges dans ledit espace annulaire de telle manière que ladite bobine entoure ladite conduite ; des moyens pour appliquer à ladite bobine un signal électrique représentatif des informations à transmettre ; une deuxième bobine de couplage inductif disposée à proximité de l'extrémité supérieure dudit train de tiges et dans l'espace annulaire de telle manière que ladite bobine entoure ladite conduite ; des moyens pour recueillir le signal électrique créé dans ladite deuxième bobine. Drill rod train equipped with information transmission means, each rod having an external conductive wall, an internal coaxial pipe also conductive for the circulation of a pressurized liquid, said annular space between the external wall and the internal pipe being filled with an insulating fluid, characterized in that the information transmission means include: a first inductive coupling coil disposed near the lower end of said drill string in said annular space such that said coil surrounds said pipe; means for applying to said coil an electrical signal representative of the information to be transmitted; a second inductive coupling coil disposed near the upper end of said drill string and in the annular space such that said coil surrounds said pipe; means for collecting the electrical signal created in said second coil. Train de tiges selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre à son extrémité inférieure au moins un capteur de mesure
       et en ce que lesdits moyens pour appliquer ledit signal électrique comprennent des moyens pour convertir en signal électrique la mesure faite par ledit capteur et des moyens pour faire circuler dans ladite première bobine un signal électrique représentatif de ladite mesure.    Rod string according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises at its lower end at least one measurement sensor
    and in that said means for applying said electrical signal comprise means for converting the measurement made by said sensor into an electrical signal and means for circulating in said first coil an electrical signal representative of said measurement.         Train de tiges selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre à son extrémité inférieure, une batterie ou un accumulateur pour alimenter le ou les capteurs, lesdites bobines de couplage servant également à transmettre de l'énergie électrique pour recharger ladite batterie ou ledit accumulateur.Rod train according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises at its lower end, a battery or an accumulator for supplying the sensor or sensors, said coupling coils also serving to transmit electrical energy to recharge said battery or said accumulator. Train de tiges selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit capteur comprend des moyens pour élaborer un signal électrique numérique représentatif de ladite mesure et en ce que les moyens d'application du signal électrique comprennent des moyens pour convertir ledit signal numérique en un signal analogique.Rod string according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said sensor comprises means for generating a digital electrical signal representative of said measurement and in that the means for applying the electrical signal comprise means for converting said digital signal into an analog signal. Train de tiges selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de conversion de l'information numérique comprennent des moyens pour élaborer un signal électrique ayant une fréquence et une amplitude données lorsque le signal numérique est dans un premier état et une absence de signal lorsque le signal numérique est dans un deuxième état.Rod train according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for converting digital information comprises means for generating an electrical signal having a given frequency and amplitude when the digital signal is in a first state and an absence of signal when the digital signal is in a second state. Train de tiges selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque bobine comprend en outre des moyens de commutation pour appliquer un signal électrique à ladite bobine dans un premier état et pour recueillir le signal électrique présent sur la bobine dans un deuxième état.Rod string according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that each coil further comprises switching means for applying an electrical signal to said coil in a first state and for collecting the electrical signal present on the coil in a second state. Train de tiges selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une troisième bobine de couplage inductif disposée dans ledit espace annulaire à proximité de ladite deuxième bobine et des moyens pour appliquer à ladite troisième bobine un signal électrique représentatif d'une information à transmettre et une quatrième bobine de couplage inductif disposée à proximité de ladite première bobine et équipée de moyens pour recueillir le signal électrique présent sur ladite quatrième bobine. Rod string according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises a third inductive coupling coil disposed in said annular space near said second coil and means for applying to said third coil a electrical signal representative of information to be transmitted and a fourth inductive coupling coil disposed near said first coil and equipped with means for collecting the electrical signal present on said fourth coil. Train de tiges selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque bobine comprend un tore magnétique entourant ladite conduite interne et un conducteur électrique bobiné sur ledit tore.Rod string according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that each coil comprises a magnetic toroid surrounding said internal pipe and an electrical conductor wound on said torus.
    EP01402933A 2000-12-05 2001-11-15 Method for transmitting information along a drill string Expired - Lifetime EP1213440B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    FR0015720 2000-12-05
    FR0015720A FR2817588B1 (en) 2000-12-05 2000-12-05 METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING INFORMATION ALONG A DRILL ROD TRAIN

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    JP (1) JP3831237B2 (en)
    AT (1) ATE261541T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE60102281T2 (en)
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    FR2777595A1 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-10-22 Sol Comp Du Information transmission for ground drilling machine includes inductive magnets transmitting data via support cables between control and drill head
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    US9982529B2 (en) 2010-04-12 2018-05-29 Universitaet Siegen Communication system for transmitting information via drilling rods

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    EP1213440B1 (en) 2004-03-10
    FR2817588B1 (en) 2003-02-28
    SG103324A1 (en) 2004-04-29
    DE60102281D1 (en) 2004-04-15
    ES2217100T3 (en) 2004-11-01
    HK1045722A1 (en) 2002-12-06
    JP2002250030A (en) 2002-09-06
    HK1045722B (en) 2004-09-10
    ATE261541T1 (en) 2004-03-15
    JP3831237B2 (en) 2006-10-11
    DE60102281T2 (en) 2005-02-24
    FR2817588A1 (en) 2002-06-07

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