EP1206605A1

EP1206605A1 - Variable support structure with a modular construction, consisting of at least one collapsible structural module

Info

Publication number: EP1206605A1
Application number: EP00951487A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerhard C. Rückert
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: RUECKERT, GERHARD C.
Priority date: 1999-08-25
Filing date: 2000-08-09
Publication date: 2002-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2020-08-09
Also published as: WO2001014654A1; ES2221622T3; EP1206605B1; AU6440700A; ATE268418T1; DE50006695D1; US7107733B1; DE19940169C1

Abstract

A variable support structure with modular construction includes at least one support structure module, which is bounded by joints ( 114, 115, 126, 121 ) of a first joint set that lie in a first surface, and by joints ( 101, 102, 113, 108 ) of a second joint set that lie in a second surface, and with at least one joint ( 109 ) of a third joint set that lies outside of the first surface. At least some of the joints of the first and second joint sets have a fixable position relative to one another, especially being connectable with one another, by a guide mechanism. The at least one joint ( 109 ) of the third joint set is connected with at least two joints ( 114, 115, 113, 121 ) of the first and/or second joint set by a connecting element ( 39, 41, 43, 45 ) that transmits essentially only tension forces.

Description

Convertible structure with cell-like structure consisting of at least one collapsible structure cell

The invention relates to a convertible structure with a cell-like structure consisting of at least one collapsible structure cell according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a structure is known for example from US 4,580,375. The at least one node of the third set of nodes is connected to the four corner nodes of the first set of nodes by four rods which are articulated to one another in the node of the third set of nodes. Correspondingly, the corner nodes of the second set of nodes are connected to another node of the third set of nodes by four bars. The bars leading from the one and the further knot of the third knot set to adjacent corner knots of the first and second knot set are rotatably connected to one another and each form an inner pair of scissors arranged within the structural cell. The adjacent corner nodes of the first and second set of nodes are with adjacent corner nodes of the second and first set of nodes an adjacent corner by a guide device in the form of pairs rotatably connected to each other connected rods to form outer scissors, ie fixed in position to each other. The formation of the inner scissors is structurally unfavorable, requires an increased manufacturing effort and limits the functionality of the structural cell and the forms it can form.

US 5,230,196 shows a structure with at least one structure cell, in which nodes of a first node set with nodes of a second

Knot set are connected with each other via so-called outer bar shears. The adjacent nodes of the first set of nodes are each connected to one another by a steel cable running along the edge of the structural cell. In order to prevent the steel cables from becoming entangled, in particular when the structure is folded, the steel cables running along the edge of the structure cell are connected approximately in the middle by means of cable holding means, each with a rod near the hinge point of the outer rod scissors. The diagonally opposite nodes of the second set of nodes in the structural cell are connected to one another via steel cables, the steel cables not being linked at the point of intersection and the crossing point thus not forming a node of the structural cell.

DE 196 51 444 A1 shows a component made of a truss system with at least one centrally arranged, enclosing a room

Glass element, in which tension elements connected to the glass element are arranged on opposite sides, whereby the glass element underneath Pressure is set and the usually unused potential of the building material glass is used.

DE 32 22 475 A1 shows an extendable mast structure with an open frame, which has three main support spars, which are parallel to one another when the mast is extended and define three levels. The spars are each formed between two triangular frame elements by two rods which are articulated to one another at their connection point and articulated to a point of a triangular frame element at their other end. The swivel joints are arranged so that each pair of rods swivels in one of the three levels. As a result, the rods do not protrude into the interior of the mast structure. This also prevents the rods from pivoting when bending loads occur on the mast structure. Tension wires are arranged between the vertices of adjacent triangular frame elements which are not aligned with one another and run in the planes defined by the main carrier bars. The ropes are not connected to one another at their intersection points and therefore do not form any nodes of the mast structure at their crossing point.

DD 259 651 A1 shows a lightweight, disassemblable spatial structure that consists of two pyramids, the tips of which are arranged in opposite directions on a guide piece. The side edges lying between the base area formed by nodes of a first or second set of nodes and the tip of each pyramid formed by a node of the third set of nodes are pressure members. Both between the corner points of the base of each pyramid and between the opposite links of the base areas of both pyramids are tension members.

The invention is based on the problem of providing a supporting structure with at least one supporting structure cell, in particular a convertible supporting structure with a cell-like structure consisting of at least one supporting structure cell, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the structure should be improved in terms of construction and function and be simplified in terms of production technology, while at the same time allowing a large variety of shapes.

The problem is solved by the structure defined in claim 1. Particular embodiments of the invention are defined in the subclaims.

The described invention is used in mobile as well as in fixed but temporary structures as well as in the execution of permanent structures in segment construction. The effort for transport, storage, erection and dismantling is minimal, while the freedom in design is great. The structural properties are particularly advantageous. Applications for pavilions, tents, shelters, emergency shelters, set-up and formwork systems are just as possible as applications in aerospace technology, for example for antennas and masts, for the formation of furniture or for objects in the play and leisure area, such as dragon. Fixed, but temporary applications are e.g. B. the roofing of sports and leisure facilities, public places, terraces or interiors. Permanent structures can be connected several individually spanned modules, which in turn can consist of several supporting structure cells, for example, by hanging with a crane, very efficiently.

The at least one node of the third set of nodes is connected to at least two nodes of the first and / or second set of nodes, preferably three, four or all nodes of the first and / or second set of nodes of the structural cell, by means of a connecting element which essentially only transfers tensile forces. When the structure is loaded by payload and / or dead load, these derive the tensile forces that occur from the nodes of the third set of nodes to the nodes of the first and / or second set of nodes. The node of the third set of nodes is preferably equidistant from the nodes connected to it or to all nodes of the first and / or second set of nodes. The corner nodes of the first set of nodes form a first, for example upper, boundary surface of the structure and are generally spaced apart from the associated corner nodes of the second set of nodes, which form a second, for example lower, boundary surface of the structure, in the vertical direction. The connecting elements, which essentially transmit tensile forces, are fixed to the respective nodes, in particular articulated, and are formed, for example, from two parallel wires or cables made of steel or another suitable material. The at least one node of the third set of nodes is preferably below the lowest corner node of the first set of nodes to which it is connected.

A node of the third set of nodes has at least one, preferably three, four or all nodes of the second set of nodes connected by a connecting element transmitting pressure and tensile forces. This node of the third set of nodes is preferably equidistant from the nodes connected to it or from all nodes of the second set of nodes. The forces that occur when the structure is loaded are dissipated via it essentially as compressive forces to the nodes of the second set of nodes, some of which usually rest on a support of the structure. The connecting elements that transmit tensile and compressive forces are articulated to the respective nodes and are formed in particular by rods made of aluminum or another suitable material. Basically, the materials used have the lowest possible mass with sufficient load capacity. The nodes of the third set of nodes are generally arranged within or on the edge of the cell space spanned by the corner nodes, preferably in any case within an area delimited by the corner nodes.

The respective nodes of the first and second set of nodes can either be connected to a common node of the third set of nodes, or the at least two corner nodes of the first and / or second set of nodes are connected to a first node of the third

The set of nodes is connected and the at least one corner node of the second set of nodes is connected to a second node of the third set of nodes, the first node of the third set of nodes preferably being connected to the second node of the third set of nodes by a connecting element transmitting tensile and compressive forces. As a result, the forces occurring in the interior of a structural cell are essentially or exclusively as compressive forces on the corner nodes of the derived from the second set of nodes and derived as tensile forces on the nodes of the first set of nodes.

In a special embodiment of the invention, the areas formed by the nodes of the first and second set of nodes each form a plane. In this case, in particular in an extended state of the supporting structure cell, all nodes of the second set of nodes and the node of the third set of nodes, which is connected to at least two nodes of the first and / or second set of nodes, can lie in one level and / or all nodes of the first set of nodes and the node of the third set of nodes connected to at least one node of the second set of nodes lie in one plane. This results in a structurally and functionally advantageous, planar first and / or second, for example upper and lower, boundary surface of the structural cell or the supporting structure. In a corresponding manner, these surfaces can also form, for example, at least part of a spherical shell or an outer surface of a circular cylinder. Flat, one- and two-sided curved structure cells can be combined to form a structure with a complex shape.

A knot of the first knot set of a corner arranged in particular on the outer circumference of the structure is finished with a knot of the second knot set of an adjacent corner particularly arranged on the outer circumference of the structure and a knot of the second knot set of the corner is finished with a knot of the first knot set of the adjacent corner Elements that can be rotatably connected to one another and that transmit tensile and compressive forces can be connected. Form the outer scissors of the structure or the structure thus formed a guide device which determines the position of the interconnected nodes with respect to one another and, together with the connections to the nodes of the third set of nodes, form a structurally very advantageous triangular infill of the supporting structure cell. Alternative guiding devices that guide the corresponding nodes in associated control tracks are possible.

The connecting elements transmitting tensile and compressive forces leading to the supports of the supporting structure preferably have a greater load-bearing capacity, in particular a larger diameter, than the remaining connecting elements of the guide device, since larger forces have to be transmitted via them. Insofar as the area spanned by the nodes is to be a plane, the connecting elements, which are rotatably connected to one another in a cross manner, are central, i. H. connected in the middle with respect to their longitudinal direction. Insofar as the surface spanned by the nodes is to have a curvature, the connecting elements which are rotatably connected to one another in a cross manner are eccentric, i. H. outside their center in the longitudinal direction, connected to each other.

The extension of the supporting structure can be changed, in particular the supporting structure or the supporting structure cell can be extended and retracted. The extension of the supporting structure can be adjusted by an actuating device which has extension and retraction means, in particular a pull-out rope and a pull-in rope which are guided in the respective knots via deflecting means and can preferably be actuated at a common knot. For example, a motor-driven winch can be arranged on the common node, which actuates the extension and retraction of the supporting structure. The training and The structure is retracted without residual stress, ie in any state during the extension and retraction, preferably only the stresses caused by the dead load and possibly a payload occur in the structure. In addition, the supporting structure can preferably be acted upon with a prestress by means of the actuating device in such a way that it assumes a predefinable shape in a loaded state. This pretensioning can take place, for example, by clamping the pull-out rope while simultaneously applying a tensile force to the pull-in rope and then locking or clamping the pull-in rope.

The pull-out rope is preferably guided in the respective nodes via deflection means, for example deflection rollers or deflection saddles, with two different deflection radii. Where the pull-out rope is guided along a connecting element of a pair of scissors, it runs between the two connecting elements forming the pair of scissors. Due to the different deflection radii of the deflecting means, the pull-out rope is guided past the scissor joints.

The connecting elements transmitting tensile and compressive forces are connected at their ends to the respective nodes by means of swivel joints arranged horizontally and transversely to their longitudinal axis. In the case of the possible eccentric arrangement of the scissor joints, the supporting structure can be implemented, for example, as a spherical shell element without introducing residual stresses in the course of the extension and retraction.

The connecting elements of the pairs of scissors inclined from the vertical plane as well as the connecting elements connected to nodes of the second and third set of nodes generally require, on the at their Node connections located at the beginning and end, a further rotational degree of freedom, which can be provided, for example, by two successive swivel joints with mutually orthogonal axes of rotation.

The nodes of the first and / or second set of nodes can be connected to a membrane, preferably including the nodes of the third set of nodes, in such a way that an at least partially closed surface of the first or second surface is thereby formed. If both the nodes of the upper and the lower node network are connected with a continuous membrane, a cushion construction reinforced with an inner skeleton is created. The actuating device for changing the extension of the supporting structure can be designed as an alternative or in addition to the pull-out rope and pull-in rope through the pneumatics of the cushion. In the retracted state, the membrane is preferably folded up inside the structure.

In particular, the nodes of the first set of nodes and the at least one node of the third set of nodes, which transmit with the nodes of the second set of nodes by tensile and compressive forces

Connecting elements are connected can be connected to at least one preferably triangular plate element in such a way that an at least partially closed surface of the first surface is thereby formed. The load on the structure caused by the mass of the plate elements can be compensated for by an increase in the unloaded state. The plate elements are preferably to be arranged so that at least a part of them connects the nodes of the third set of adjacent structure cells. By the composite effect of the structure and the plate elements increases the load-bearing capacity of the structure, in particular the plate elements act as connecting elements which transmit further tensile and compressive forces.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description, in which several exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.

Fig. 1 shows a structure consisting of 2 x 2 structure cells in the retracted state, Fig. 2 shows the structure of Fig. 1 in a partially extended

Condition, Fig. 3 shows the structure in the fully extended state,

FIG. 4 shows the connecting elements of the guide device leading to the supports, FIG. 5 shows the essentially only transmitting tensile forces

6 shows the course of the pull-out rope,

7 shows the course of the pull-in rope,

8 shows the upper level spanned by the nodes of the first and third node set,

9 shows the lower level spanned by the nodes of the second or third node set, Fig. 10 shows a covering of the structure with triangular

Plate elements, Fig. 1 1 shows an alternative embodiment, Fig. 12 shows an example of a scissors joint, and Fig. 13 shows an example of the articulation of the connecting elements.

Fig. 1 shows a structure 90 consisting of 2 x 2 structure cells 91, 92, 93, 94 in the retracted state, in which the structure 90 is compact, easy to transport and store. In this state, the supporting structure 90 has the greatest extent in the vertical Z direction.

The expansion in the horizontal X and Y directions is minimized. The upper nodes 1 14 to 121 and 126 (FIG. 3) of the first set of nodes lie in the same plane as the lower nodes 101 to 108 and 1 13 (FIG. 3) of the second set of nodes. The nodes 109 to 112 and 122 to 125 (FIG. 3) of the third set of nodes are arranged in the retracted state in the vertical direction between the nodes of the first and second set of nodes and in the center of their respective structural cell. The structural cell 91 is square in plan view in the exemplary embodiment, but it could also be triangular or polygonal. The structure can be formed by any, even three-dimensional arrangement of n x m (n, m natural numbers) structure cells.

FIG. 2 shows the structure 90 of FIG. 1 in a partially extended state. The distance between nodes 1 14 to 121 and 126 (FIG. 3) of the first set of nodes and nodes 101 to 108 and 1 13

(Fig. 3) of the second set of nodes has decreased in the Z direction and increased in the X and Y directions. The structure and the kinematics of a structural cell 91 are described below by way of example. The nodes 1 14, 1 1 5, 126 and 121 form the four corner nodes of the first set of nodes of a structural cell 91 which is square in plan view. The nodes 101, 102, 13 and 108 form the four corner nodes of the second set of nodes congruently with this. A node 109 of the third set of nodes is in each case two and essentially only running parallel to one another

Steel cables 39, 41, 43, 45 transmitting tensile stresses are connected to the nodes 1 14, 1 15, 1 13, 121 of the first and second set of nodes. Another node 122 of the third set of nodes, which is equally spaced from the nodes 101, 102, 1 1 3, 108 of the second set of nodes, is each one of them transmitting a tensile and compressive force

Aluminum rod 40, 42, 44, 46 connected. The two nodes 109, 122 of the third set of nodes are connected to one another by an aluminum rod 11 that transmits tensile and compressive forces and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is oriented vertically in the Z direction. In the state shown, the vertical aluminum rod 11 is located in the center of the space spanned by the structural cell 91.

The structural cells 92, 93, 94 are constructed in a corresponding manner. Adjacent structural cells 91, 92, 93, 94 have common corner nodes. In the illustrated 2 × 2 arrangement of the structural cells 91 to 94, the central nodes 1 13, 126 are common nodes of all structural cells 91 to 94.

In the embodiment shown, all nodes of the first and second set of nodes are inevitably fixed in a mutually changeable manner by a guide device in the form of inner and outer scissors. The inner and outer scissors are used to derive and transfer the forces acting on the knots. The corner knot 1 14 of the first knot set is with the corner knot 102 of the second knot set of an adjacent corner and the corner knot 101 of the second knot set is with the corner knot 1 1 5 of the first knot set of the adjacent corner by means of aluminum rods 1 which are rotatably connected to one another and transmit tensile and compressive forces 5 or 16 connected. In a corresponding manner, the further aluminum rods 1 7, 18; 19, 20; 21, 22; 23, 24; 25, 26; 27, 28; 29, 30 pairs of outer scissors of the structure 90. These scissors fix the position of the nodes of the first and second set of nodes when changing the extent of the structure 90 relative to each other.

In addition, the supporting structure 90 also has the so-called inner scissors, which are likewise connected by pairs of aluminum rods 31, 32; 33, 34; 35, 36; 37, 38 are formed. In the illustrated embodiment, the scissor joints are each arranged in the middle of the bars. If the scissor joints are arranged eccentrically in nodes 127 to 138, the supporting structure can be designed as a cylinder or spherical shell while maintaining the general topology and without introducing internal stresses during the course of retraction and extension. The rods of the pair of scissors inclined from the vertical plane and the connecting elements connected to nodes of the second and third set of nodes generally require a further degree of freedom of rotation at the node connections at their beginning and end, for example by means of two successive rotary joints with mutually orthogonal joints

Axes of rotation can be provided. When realizing a spherical shell, the inner scissor joints at nodes 135 to 138 are preferably omitted, in which case the connecting elements 31, 33, 35, 37 as in essentially only connecting tension elements 31 ', 33', 35 ', 37', for example ropes, can be formed (FIG. 11).

The connecting elements 3 to 6, which essentially only transmit tensile stresses, are designed as steel cables and practice

Tensile forces on the nodes 102, 104, 106, 108, 111 of the second set of nodes connected to them. In the corners of the supporting structure 90, connecting elements in the form of aluminum rods, essentially known as corner posts 7, 8, 9, 10, are arranged at the corner nodes 101, 103, 105, 107 of the second set of nodes and transmit essentially compressive forces. In the tensioned state of the supporting structure 90, there is a contact joint between the corner posts 7, 8, 9, 10 and the associated corner knots 1 14, 1 16, 1 18, 120 of the first knot quantity.

The rods of the scissors and the connecting elements leading to the nodes 109 to 112 and 122 to 125 of the third set of nodes, excluding the rods 11, 12, 13, 14, are at their ends by a rotary joint with a horizontal and transverse to the longitudinal axis Axis of rotation connected to a node of the first, second and third node set. The two rods of a pair of scissors are additionally connected to one another at their crossing point, the nodes 127 to 138, by means of a swivel joint with an axis of rotation running horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal axis. The connecting elements 3 to 6, which essentially only transmit tensile forces, are connected at their ends to a knot of the second knot set by a swivel joint with a swivel axis running horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal axis. The pull-out rope 1 and pull-in rope 2 is fixed to a knot and runs via deflection rollers and / or deflection saddles integrated in the knots through the supporting structure 90 to an exit point from the supporting structure 90 which preferably has a locking clamp. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the pull-out rope 1 is at the knot 101 and runs with its sections 1 a to 1 n via nodes 1 15-102-126-1 13-1 19-106-1 18-104-1 1 7-1 1 3-126-108 and 121 back to Node 101 and is led out of the supporting structure 90 there as shown in FIG. 6. The pull-in rope 2 is also fixed to the node 101 and runs with its sections 2a to 2d via the nodes 103-105 and 107 back to the node 101 and is also led out of the supporting structure 90 there, as shown in FIG. 7.

For the adjustable change of the support structure 90, the portion of the pull-out rope 1 or pull-in rope 2 located in the support structure 90 is varied by means of a winch connected to the loose end of the ropes when the clamps are open. If the pull-out rope 1 is shortened, the supporting structure is extended while the pull-in rope 2 is extended. If the cables 39, 41, ..., 69 connected to the nodes 109 to 1 12 of the third set of nodes are installed in a shortened manner in relation to the geometry in the tensioned state, they are stretched by the extension of the supporting structure 90. This causes a structurally advantageous pretensioning of the connecting elements connected to nodes 109 to 112 and 122 to 125 of the third set of nodes. In a corresponding manner, the construction is retracted when the pull-in rope 2 is shortened and the pull-out rope 1 is lengthened at the same time. When the pull-out rope 1 is clamped, the pull-in rope 2 is placed under tension in the extended state or retracted, the structure 90 is thereby prestressed, in particular convexly raised in the exemplary embodiment shown. The support structure 90 can thus be adjusted or adjusted as soon as it is extended or during later use, depending on the payload to be absorbed or the permissible deformations.

3 shows the supporting structure 90 in the fully extended state. The node 101 is connected to a fixed (not shown) support of the supporting structure 90, while the nodes 103, 105, 107 rest on plain bearings (not shown). In the fully extended state, all nodes 114 to 121 and 126 of the first set of nodes and the nodes 122 to 125 of the third set of nodes connected to the nodes of the second set of nodes lie in a first upper level. Correspondingly, all nodes 101 to 108 and 1 13 of the second set of nodes and the nodes 109 to 1 12 of the third set of nodes connected to the nodes of the first set of nodes lie in a second level which runs parallel to the first level and is arranged below it.

4 shows the connecting elements 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38 of the outer and inner scissors leading to the supports. These have a higher load capacity, in particular a larger cross-section than the connecting elements which are connected to them so as to be rotatable crosswise.

5 shows the essentially only transmitting tensile forces

Connecting elements 3 to 6 and 39, 41, ..., 69. The connecting elements 39, 41, ..., 69 connected to the nodes 109 to 1 12 of the third set of nodes are designed as two-part steel cables, through which the connecting elements 40, 42, ..., 70, which cross them and transmit tensile and compressive forces, are passed.

If corner posts 7 to 10 are omitted and the ropes 39, 41, ..., 69, which form the connecting elements, which essentially only transmit tensile forces, in pull-in and / or pull-out ropes, the supporting structure is in a planar shape as well as in a single and double curved shape by varying the lengths of the portions of the pull-in and pull-out ropes in the structure continuously, d. H. stiffenable in any state between the fully extended and fully retracted state.

FIG. 8 shows the upper level spanned by nodes 1 14 to 126 of the first and third node set, whereas FIG. 9 shows the lower level spanned by nodes 101 to 1 13 of the second and third node set.

10 shows a covering of the fully extended structure 90 with triangular plate elements 201 to 216. These are each based on three nodes of the first or third set of nodes. The deflection of the supporting structure 90 caused by the mass of these plate elements can be compensated for by the prestressing or cantilever described above. The plate elements 202, 205, 208, 21 1 and 213 to 216 each advantageously connect the nodes 122, 123; 123, 124; 124, 125; 125, 122 of the third set of nodes from neighboring ones

Structural cells 91 to 94 and act in particular like other connecting elements that transmit tensile and compressive forces. Fig. 1 1 shows an alternative embodiment of a 2 x 2 arrangement of structural cells in a structure which has a curvature in the X and Y directions, which inter alia by dissolving the inner scissors and by replacing the connecting elements transmitting tensile and compressive forces 31, 33, 35, 37 is made possible by the cables 31 ', 33', 35 ', 37', which essentially only transmit tensile forces. As far as the structure should only be curved on one side, such a dissolution of the inner scissors is not necessary.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a scissors joint by means of which the connecting elements 15, 16, which transmit tensile and compressive forces, are rotatably connected to one another in a crisscross manner. The rod 16 leads, as can be seen in FIG. 3, to the node 101 at the support point of the supporting structure 90 and therefore has a larger diameter. The pull-out rope 1 is guided between the bars 15, 16 and, due to the different diameters of the deflecting means arranged in the knots 101, 115, is guided past the articulated body 127 'of the knot 127 or in any case bears against it without an unfavorably deflecting deflecting force.

FIG. 13 shows an example of the articulation of the connecting elements on the common nodes 104, 117 of the neighboring structural cells 92, 93. The rods 19, 20; 21, 22 of the outer scissors, like the rods 33, 34 of the inner scissors and the inner struts 52, 58, are each articulated to the nodes 104 and 11, respectively, with a joint having a rotational degree of freedom. The moments and horizontal force components introduced by the connecting elements onto the nodes rise, in the arrangement of the rod connections shown, largely mutually. The ropes 51 and 57 leading to the nodes of the third set of nodes, which are double and cross between them, each receiving the inner strut 52 or 58, are likewise articulated on the node 11 with a rotational degree of freedom. The pull-out rope 1 runs almost parallel to the rod 22 coming from the node 118, around the deflection roller T with a larger diameter articulated at the node 104 to the deflection roller 1 "with a smaller diameter articulated at the node 11 and further almost parallel to the rod 33 with the node 113.

Claims

PATENT SAYINGS

1. Convertible structure with a cell-like structure consisting of at least one collapsible structure cell (91), which is delimited by nodes (114, 115, 126, 121) of a first set of nodes, which are corner nodes of the structure cell (91) and lie in a first surface, and nodes (101, 102, 113, 108) of a second set of nodes, which are corner nodes of the structural cell (91) and lie in a second area, and with at least one node (109, 122) of a third set of nodes, which is outside the first area is located, with at least some of the nodes of the first and second set of nodes being guided by a guide device in its

Position relative to one another can be determined, in particular can be connected to one another, characterized in that a node (109) of the third set of nodes is connected to at least two nodes (114, 115, 113, 121) of the first and / or second set of nodes by a connecting element that essentially only transmits tensile forces (39, 41, 43, 45) is connected.

2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a node (122) of the third set of nodes is connected to at least one node (101, 102, 113, 108) of the second set of nodes by a tension and

Connecting element (40, 42, 44, 46) transmitting compressive forces is connected.

3. Structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least two nodes (114, 115, 113, 121) of the first and / or second set of nodes and the at least one node (101, 102, 113, 108) of the second set of nodes are connected to a common node of the third set of nodes.

4. Structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least two nodes (1 14, 1 1 5, 1 13, 121) of the first and / or second set of nodes with a first node (109) of the third set of nodes and the at least one node (101, 102, 1 13, 108) of the second set of nodes are connected to a second node (122) of the third set of nodes, and that the first node (109) of the third set of nodes is connected by a connecting element (1 1) that transmits compressive and tensile forces is connected to the second node (122) of the third set of nodes.

5. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or the second surface is a plane.

6. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that all nodes (101, 102, 1 13, 108) of the second

Set of nodes and the node (109) of the third set of nodes, which is connected to at least two nodes (1 14, 1 15, 1 13, 121) of the first and / or second set of nodes by a connecting element (39, 41, 43) that essentially only transmits tensile forces. 45) is connected, lie in one plane.

7. Structure according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that all nodes (1 14, 1 1 5, 126, 121) of the first Set of nodes and the node (122) of the third set of nodes, which is connected to at least one node (101, 102, 113, 108) of the second set of nodes by a connecting element (40, 42, 44, 46) that transmits tensile and compressive forces, lie in one plane.

8. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the guide device has guide means and that at least one node (1 14) of the first set of nodes of a corner of the structural cell (91) arranged in particular on the outer circumference of the structure has a node (102 ) of the second set of nodes of an adjacent corner of the structural cell (91) arranged in particular on the outer circumference of the structure and a node (101) of the second set of nodes of the corner are connected to one another by the guide means with a node (1 15) of the first set of nodes of the adjacent corner.

9. Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the guide means have connecting elements (15, 16) which are rotatably connected to one another crosswise and which transmit tensile and compressive forces.

10. Structure according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the connecting elements (16, 32, 1 7, 20, 34, 21, 24, 36,

25, 28, 38, 29) have a greater load capacity, in particular a larger diameter, than the others Connecting elements (15, 31, 18, 19, 33, 22, 23, 35, 26, 27, 37, 30) of the guide means.

1 1. Structure according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least part of the pairs of cross-rotatable connecting elements (15, 16; 1 7, 18; to 37, 38) transmitting tensile and compressive forces are located outside their center Connected to each other in the longitudinal direction.

12. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that several structural cells (91, 92, 93, 94) are arranged next to one another and that adjacent structural cells have common nodes.

13. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the expansion of the structure cell (91) or of the structure (90) is adjustable by an actuating device.

14. Structure according to claim 13, characterized in that the actuating device has extension and retraction means, in particular a pull-out cable (1) and a pull-in cable (2), which are guided in the respective nodes via deflection means and preferably at a common node (101) can be actuated in a detectable manner.

15. Structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the pull-out rope (1) is guided in the respective node via deflection means, in particular deflection rollers or deflection saddles, with at least two different deflection radii.

6. Structure according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the structure (90) can be subjected to a prestress by means of the actuating device and thereby assumes a predeterminable shape in a loaded state.

7. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that at least some of the nodes (1 14 to 121, 126) of the first set of nodes and / or the nodes (101 to 108, 1 13) of the second set of nodes and / or the node (109 to 1 12, 122 to

125) of the third set of nodes can be connected to a membrane in such a way that an at least partially closed surface of the first or second surface is formed.

18. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 1 7, characterized in that at least some of the nodes (1 14 to 121,

126) of the first set of nodes and at least some of the nodes (122 to 125) of the third set of nodes can be connected to at least one, preferably triangular plate element (201 to 216) in such a way that an at least partially closed one

Surface of the first surface is formed.

19. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the connecting elements transmitting tensile and compressive forces are articulated to the respective nodes and are in particular formed by rods made of aluminum.

0. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the connecting elements which essentially transmit tensile forces are fixed to the respective nodes, in particular articulated, and are at least partially formed by two parallel wires or ropes made of steel.