EP1199276B1 - Compensation weight and elevator system - Google Patents

Abstract

The compensation weight (10) in the form of an elongate cable section with at least one carrier element (20a,20b), in particular, for an elevator system comprises at least one elongate weight element (14) consisting of a mixture of a plastic material (16) and one or more powdery metal salts and/or metal chalcogenides (18). Also claimed is an elevator system with the proposed compensation weight.

Description

The invention relates to a compensation weight according to the Preamble of claims 1 and 2 and an elevator system with this compensation weight.

An elevator system generally includes a car Counterweight for the cabin, at least one suspension cable that from the top of the cabin via a drive and a pulley is guided and at the top of the counterweight is attached, as well as a compensation weight for the suspension cable, which is attached to the underside of the cabin, sags down in a loop or if necessary is guided around a guide role in the pit and at its other end to the bottom of the counterweight is attached. In this way, the tensile forces on the drive balanced in every position. The only variable remains the weight of the cargo to be transported, which must be overcome by the drive.

At elevator speeds of more than 3.5 m / s the compensation weight is often made of steel cables. For elevators at lower speeds there is a compensation weight used from a round or flat weight cable, i.e. a plastic cable that one or more mostly heavy supporting elements and possibly one or more additional ones Includes weight elements.

Round weight cables (compensation weights) are currently the most common used a chain-shaped support member made of steel in a plastic casing.

EP-B-0 100 583 proposes a compensation weight in the form of a cable before that at least one support member in the form of a Has chain or rope, which in a coat is included, the volume in one embodiment consisting essentially of a mixture of metal particles and Plastic material is occupied. In another embodiment, which is in the form of a flat cable the supporting organs housed in cavities next to the there is also a mixture in each cavity made of plastic material and metal particles. Cavities that only plastic material and metal particles and do not contain a supporting element are not described.

The weight cables described in EP-B 0 100 583 have a higher compared to conventional weight cables Weight per unit length or are given Weight per unit length of smaller dimensions.

However, the manufacture of such weight cables is not unproblematic. To the metal particles in the surrounding Introducing plastic must be done on special elaborate Additional units and / or additional measures are used that are not normally used in the cable industry become.

The object of the invention was accordingly a compensation weight to create that easily with the conventional equipment and the conventional procedural measures the cable industry can be manufactured.

To achieve this object, the invention provides two different ones Aspects according to claims 1 and 2 ready.

The support member of the present invention is that part of the compensation weight that this between the cabin and the counterweight. The weight element has no supporting function, but only serves to weight the compensation weight.

The subject of the first aspect according to claim 1 is a compensation weight which has a supporting element, usually a chain or preferably a rope, a flexible sheath, usually made of plastic, and at least one weight element which comprises a mixture of plastic material and one or more powdered metal salts and / or metal chalcogenides (in particular oxides and sulfides) with a mass density of ≥ 2.3 g / cm ³ . The weight element can be arranged directly around the support member or be separate therefrom.

The metal salt and / or metal chalcogenide, which is used for the weight element according to claim 1, has a mass density ≥ 2.3, preferably> 3.0, more particularly> 4.0 and in particular ≥ 4.2 g / cm ³ . Before extrusion, it can be mixed into the plastic in a simple manner (possibly together with the mixing in of plastic additives), for example in a fluid mixer or twin-screw kneader. For example, when using soft PVC as a plastic material for the weight element in the preparation of PVC with plasticizer, dry filler (e.g. chalk) and stabilizer, a metal salt and / or metal chalcogenide as defined above is added in the same step. This is not possible with metal particles, such as those used in the prior art, since this would damage the mixing apparatus. Metal particles and powders generally have disadvantages in comparison to metal salts and metal chalcogenides, for example abrasion, higher acquisition costs, higher processing costs. The metal particles of the prior art have to be metered into the plastic in a separate step, which increases the complexity of the process. Furthermore, the relatively large metal particles of the prior art can cause the screw to jam during extrusion around the support member.

Subject of the second aspect of the invention according to claim 2 is that at least one support member (preferably all) and at least one weight element (preferably all) separately in different cavities of a flat cable and thus torsionally stiff compensation weight available. With the weight element (s) can be the same as in claim 1 or act different. The separate existence of Support member and weight element allows a more flexible Weight adjustment of the compensation weight. So at constant support organ (e.g. steel cable) dimensions and -Number a weight setting only by the number and / or the size of the weight elements can be varied.

It with regard to those used in the cable industry Process engineering equipment simpler, the weight elements to be produced separately from the supporting elements by extrusion, than around each individual support organ for the weight element required for each application and then a jacket to extrude these primary products, as is the case in the prior art. For example, to let standardized semi-finished products of the weight elements produce and store in a rational manner. The production different end products of different weight classes is therefore possible at short notice and also with small lot sizes still economically sensible. On the other hand, tandem or coextrusion the manufacture of the weight elements can be combined with jacket extrusion. Several weight elements can then run as a single block be (sandwich construction). This is useful if special large amounts of a special compensation weight to be manufactured.

The separate existence of the support member and weight element is also in the suspension of the compensation weight of Advantage: it is necessary to attach the supporting elements to the cabin and the compensation weight only the supporting elements (often two, each on one side of the flat cable are arranged) freed from the surrounding plastic become; the parts that contain only weight elements just be cut off. Next is the use usual cable suspensions on the cabin and the counterweight possible, and handling the flat cable that electrical flat cables is similar for the assembly staff used.

Each of the two aspects of the invention is independently advantageous, and these were therefore in the form of subordinate claims claimed. From the point of view of economy is, however, an embodiment according to claim 2 in connection with claim 1 particularly advantageous because for example, only two expensive supporting elements are required and the rest of the required weight by a cheaper one Plastic / metal salt and / or chalcogenide mixture can be provided.

The subclaims describe advantageous developments the invention.

The supporting elements can be ropes or chains, ropes are preferred. The thickness of the ropes or Chains meet the individual requirements for the compensation weight customized. For steel cables, for example are in a range from 3 to 10 mm. The The material of the support members is preferably made of steel, iron, polyamides, Aramids and carbon fiber selected (claim 3). The support member is particularly preferably a steel cable, since this is heavy and at the same time for the suspension easily (by slitting and peeling) from the surrounding Plastic material can be exempted. (Claim 4).

In the embodiment of the invention in the form of a flat cable there are preferably two supporting members in the vicinity to the curved cross-sectional ends, i.e. in each case close to the two lateral ends of the flat cable. The weight element (s) are in this configuration preferably in a plane between the support members before (claim 5). If necessary, however, more than two can also be used Supporting elements, e.g. another in the middle of the cable.

The flexible jacket of the compensation weight according to the invention includes any common in the cable industry Plastics, which are preferably highly loaded with fillers can be. Non-limiting examples of this are Soft PVC, thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin rubbers, including ethylene-octene copolymer and polyisobutylene, Butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, vulcanized Chloroprene, liquid polymers in combination with thermoplastics, Polyamides, polyurethanes and silicone rubber (Claim 6). The selection depends on the requirements when using. Soft PVC is because of its price and its good processability with high amounts of filler (including the metal salts and / or - chalcogenides, see below) preferred. However, it may be desirable be to choose a non-chlorine-containing plastic. All of these plastics can be made with common additives be provided.

For a further increase in weight, the jacket can also contain one or more metal salts and / or metal chalcogenides with a mass density 2,3 2.3 g / cm ³ (claim 7). These are not present in too large an amount so as not to impair the mechanical properties of the jacket (in particular flexibility without cracking). A preferred range of metal salt / chalcogenide content is 20 to 40% by weight, more preferably 20 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the jacket (claim 8). For example, a jacket compound could contain 20-30% by weight PVC, 15-25% by weight plasticizer, 20-30% by weight dry filler (e.g. chalk) and 20-30% by weight metal salt / chalcogenide with a mass density ≥ 2.3 g / cm ³ and a total of about 2% by weight of stabilizer, lubricant and other processing aids and, if appropriate, flame retardants, all percentages based on the total weight of the jacket. The jacket can be structured on the surface for better handling.

The cross-sectional dimensions of the weight elements are adapted to the individual requirements for the compensation weight, as with the supporting elements; For example, round weight elements can have a diameter of 5 to 15 mm when barium sulfate is used as the metal salt with a mass density 2,3 2.3 g / cm ³ .

The powdered metal salt and / or metal chalcogenide of the weight elements is preferably made of barium sulfate (heavy spar, mass density 4.25-4.5 g / cm ³ ), salts containing calcium, iron, copper and / or lead and / or chalcogenides (e.g. calcium sulfate ( Gypsum or anhydrite), density 2.3 - 3.0 g / cm ³ ; hematite (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), density 5.5 - 6.5 g / cm ³ ; copper gravel (CuFeS ₂ ), density 4.1 to 4.3 g / cm ³ ; copper (II) oxide, density 6.3 - 6.4 g / cm ³ ; lead sulfate, mass density 6.3 - 6.4 g / cm ³ ) and slag from blast furnaces selected (claim 9). Barium sulfate is particularly preferred because of its low toxicity and good processability. The powder form of the metal salts and / or chalcogenides (average particle diameter preferably in the range from 5 to 50 μm, in particular about 10 μm) ensures that they can be mixed well and uniformly into a plastic and that the mixture of plastic and powder can be easily extruded is. The content of powder material in the mixture of plastic material / metal salt and / or chalcogenide is high in order to provide a suitable weight, preferably 50-90% by weight (claim 10), more preferably 70-90% by weight and in particular 80-90% by weight. , based on the total weight of the weight element.

For the plastic material of the weight element (s) can it be any like the plastic of the jacket the usual trade in the cable industry, the very high can be loaded with fillers. All of them come here plastics mentioned above for the jacket and others Thermoplastic with low to medium Mooney viscosity in question (claim 11). These plastics can be common Additives included.

The plastic / metal salt and / or chalcogenide mixture is after extrusion to a weight element because of the high Filler load often brittle and can tend to crack, especially with frequent dynamic bending stresses. However, this is not a problem since the weight element does not contribute to the compensation weight and this process in the enclosed interior of the compensation weight takes place.

A typical weight element can have the following composition have: 10 - 20% by weight plastic material (e.g. Butyl rubber), 0.8% by weight of plasticizers and lubricants and 80 - 90% by weight metal salt and / or chalcogenide (e.g. barium sulfate)

The weight elements can have any shape, such as angular, oval or round, assume they are preferably round. Further preferably show a subcarrier in the middle Wire or a thin tear-resistant plastic thread (e.g. made of Aramid) on (claim 12). This subcarrier only serves to make extrusion easier on those in the cable industry to enable existing devices.

In a further embodiment of the invention contains at least one weight element in the middle of an electrical one Vein used to monitor the compensation weight can serve (claim 13). In addition, the compensation weight a whole bundle of veins is included, the serve to supply and control any components can (claim 14).

In one embodiment of the invention according to claim 15 metal (preferably steel) sections with a length of 0.5 to 6 cm used the either covered by extrusion or by wrapping be made dimensionally stable with foils or tapes. The metal raw material is a so-called semi-finished product in Bar or wire shape available. The individual weight elements are produced in a continuous process, by HF-cutting or sawing the semi-finished product and is encased or wrapped by extrusion. The so manufactured weight elements can be wound up on rolls become and later by re-extrusion to the Flat cable-like compensation weight processed become. One or more weight elements run in parallel and together with the supporting rope (s) in the extrusion line for the final coating process.

Fig. 1

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein Kompensationsgewicht in Form eines runden Kabels darstellt;

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein weiteres Kompensationsgewicht in Form eines runden Kabels darstellt;

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt durch ein Kompensationsgewicht in Form eines Flachkabels darstellt;

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Kompensationsgewichtes mit integrierten elektrischen Komponenten in Form eines Flachkabels darstellt;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Kompensationsgewichtes zeigt, bei dem die Tragorgane zur Befestigung freigelegt sind.

Fig. 6

eine aus Gründen der Anschaulichkeit halbtransparente perspektivische Ansicht mit teilweiser Entfernung der Ummantelung oder Umwicklung eines alternativen Gewichtselementes darstellt;

Fig. 7

ein Aufzugssystem darstellt.

The invention will now be described in more detail by means of examples together with the drawing, in which:

Fig. 1

a schematic cross section through a compensation weight in the form of a round cable;

Fig. 2

shows a schematic cross section through a further compensation weight in the form of a round cable;

Fig. 3

a cross section through a compensation weight in the form of a flat cable;

Fig. 4

a cross section through a further embodiment of a compensation weight with integrated electrical components in the form of a flat cable;

Fig. 5

shows a perspective view of a compensation weight, in which the support members are exposed for attachment.

Fig. 6

a perspective view semi-transparent for clarity with partial removal of the shroud or wrapping an alternative weight element;

Fig. 7

represents an elevator system.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a cross section of a compensation weight 10 in the form of a circular cable, which in the middle has a rope-shaped support member 20. This is surrounded by a weight element 14, which consists of a mixture made of plastic material 16 and metal salt or - chalcogenide 18 exists. A flexible jacket 12 made of plastic surrounds the compensation weight 10.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section similar to that of FIG Compensation weight 10, but in which the rope-shaped support member 20 replaced by a chain-shaped support member 22 is.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a compensation weight 10 in the form of a flat cable. Two outer cavities 26a contain two support members 20a, 20b in the form of Steel wire ropes. Intervening seven cavities 26b contain seven weight elements 14a-g, which are a mixture of plastic material 16 and metal salt and / or - chalcogenide 18 and an auxiliary support 24 made of wire or include a tear-resistant plastic. The flexible coat 12 is made of plastic. The cross-sectional centers of the a total of nine cavities 26a, 26b lie on a straight line, which forms the cross-sectional center line of the flat cable. The diameter of the outer cavities 26a is smaller than that of the cavities 26b. This leads to a cross-sectional shape the flat cable in the manner of a rectangle approaches narrowing outwards on the two narrow sides. Such a compensation weight 10 can, in particular, if his coat 12 is also metal salt or - chalcogenide 19 (as shown in Figure 4), for example have a weight of 1.5 to 6.0 kg / m.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment a compensation weight 10 in the form of a Flat cable. This embodiment differs from 3 in that here also the Jacket (in addition to plastic 17) metal salt and / or - chalcogenide 19 contains two of the weight elements 14 have an electrical wire 28 instead of the auxiliary carrier 24 and that one of the weight elements 14 (here the middle one) is replaced by an electrical core bundle 30 which is thus enclosed in the jacket 12.

Fig. 5 shows a compensation weight 10 in the manner of Flat cable of Fig. 3, in which one end of the assembly Support members (steel wire ropes) 20a, 20b is exposed. The intermediate part of the jacket 12 including the Weight elements 14 is simply cut off.

6 shows an alternative embodiment of a weight element 14. This is not made of a plastic powder compound constructed like that with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 explained weight elements. Rather it is through discrete Weights, especially of metal, here in the form cut or sawn, linearly lined up steel wire or steel rod sections 32 formed, preferably surrounded by a jacket or wrap 34 are so that dimensional stability is achieved. This from pieces built up weight element can in the embodiments 1 to 5 in place of the compound weight elements to step. In embodiments with multiple weight elements (e.g. Figs. 3 to 5) "hybrids" are also possible, which is at least one weight element from each of the two Contains species.

7 shows an elevator system in an elevator shaft 52 with a buffer 50 located at the bottom. The system is equipped with a compensation weight 10 on the floor a cabin 40 is attached and from there to the bottom End of a counterweight running next to the cabin 40 48 extends to which it is also attached. The Compensation weight 10 can increase smoothness, especially if the elevator system e.g. Exposed to wind is guided to an optional guide roller 54 (dashed) or it can be free forming a loop hang in the elevator shaft 52. A support cable 42 is from the roof the cabin 40 via a drive 44 and a deflection roller 46 led to the upper end of the counterweight 48 and to the cabin 40 or counterweight 48 attached. As a rule, should the compensation weight 10 is essentially the same Have length like the suspension cable 42 (with possible windings or horizontal guides of the suspension rope around the Drive 44 or the deflection roller 46 is not taken into account become). For security reasons, up to 5 or more Support ropes 42 may be present. There can be a single compensation weight 10 or by several arranged in parallel Compensation weights 10 are provided. The mass per Unit length of the compensation weight or weights 10 becomes preferably approximately equal to the mass per unit length of the or the carrying ropes 42 selected. The constructive attitude the mass can be selected through a suitable choice of the weight material, its cross section and / or the number of weight elements can be achieved. With such an arrangement is achieved that the load acting on the drive 44 the position of the cabin 40 is independent, and by appropriate Choice of mass of counterweight 48 preferably to zero or an average load on the cabin 40 transported persons or objects constructively adjusted becomes. The drive then only has to be in operation the cabin load (or its deviation from the mean) to lift.

Claims (16)

1. Compensation weight (10), in particular for a lift system, in the form of an elongated cable which comprises at least one elongated load bearing member (20, 22) which is arranged in an elongated flexible sheath (12), the load bearing member (20, 22) being present in combination with at least one elongated weight element (14), characterized in that the weight element (14) contains a mixture of plastics material (16) and one or more powdered metal salts and/or metal chalcogenides (18) with a mass density ≥ 2.3 g/cm³.
2. Compensation weight (10), in particular according to Claim 1, in the form of an elongated ribbon cable with an elongated flexible sheath (12) and a multiplicity of cavities (26a, 26b) enclosed by the sheath to accommodate one or more weight elements (14, 14a-g) and one or more elongated load bearing elements (20, 22), characterized in that at least one load bearing element (20, 22) and at least one weight element (14, 14a-g) are formed separately and respectively arranged in different cavities (26a and 26b).
3. Compensation weight (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the load bearing member or members (20, 22) consist of materials which are selected from steel, iron, polyamides, aramides and carbon fibres.
4. Compensation weight (10) according to Claim 3, characterized in that the load bearing member or members (20) is or are steel cables.
5. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that two load bearing members (20a, 20b) are in each case arranged in the vicinity of the curved cross-sectional ends of the compensation weight (10) formed as a ribbon cable, and the weight element or elements (14, 14a-g) is or are arranged in a plane between the two load bearing members (20a, 20b).
6. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sheath (12) contains a plastic (17) which is selected from soft PVC, thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin rubbers including ethylene octene copolymers and polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene diene terpolymers, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, vulcanized chloroprene, liquid polymers in combination with thermoplastics, polyamides, polyurethanes and silicon rubber.
7. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sheath (12) contains one or more metal salts and/or metal chalcogenides (19) with a mass density ≥ 2.3 g/cm³.
8. Compensation weight (10) according to Claim 7, characterized in that the metal salts and/or metal chalcogenides (19) are present in the sheath (12) in proportions of 20-40% by weight, preferably 20-30% by weight, based on the total weight of the sheath (12)
9. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the weight elements (14, 14a-g) contain a mixture of plastic material (16) and a powder (18) of one or more members from the group comprising barium sulphate, salts and/or chalcogenides of calcium, iron, copper and/or lead and slag from blast furnaces.
10. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mixture of plastic material (16) and one or more metal salts and/or metal chalcogenides (18) present in the weight elements (14, 14a-g) has 50-90% by weight of metal salt and/or metal chalcogenide (18), based on the total weight of the mixture.
11. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the plastic material (16) of the weight element or elements (14, 14a-g) is selected from the plastics of Claim 7 and additionally from thermoplastics having a low to medium Mooney viscosity.
12. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the weight elements (14, 14a-g) are round and, at their centre, have a thin auxiliary bearer (24) made of wire or a plastic filament with a high tearing strength.
13. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that one or more of the weight elements (14, 14a-g) is or are provided at their centre with one or more electrical wires (28).
14. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it further contains one or more bundles (30) of electrical wires.
15. Compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 2 to 4, 7 and 10 to 12, characterized in that the weight element or elements (14, 14a-g) contains or contain metal bodies (32) with a length of 0.5 to 6 cm which are wound or sheathed in a dimensionally stable manner with a plastic (34).
16. Lift system having a car (40), a load bearing cable (42), which is connected via a drive (44) and a deflection roller (46) to a counterweight (48) and a compensation weight (10), characterized in that the compensation weight (10) is a compensation weight (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 15.

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