EP1198542A1 - Gasoline composition - Google Patents
Gasoline compositionInfo
- Publication number
- EP1198542A1 EP1198542A1 EP00938707A EP00938707A EP1198542A1 EP 1198542 A1 EP1198542 A1 EP 1198542A1 EP 00938707 A EP00938707 A EP 00938707A EP 00938707 A EP00938707 A EP 00938707A EP 1198542 A1 EP1198542 A1 EP 1198542A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gasoline
- content
- range
- blue
- gasoline composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/003—Marking, e.g. coloration by addition of pigments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
Definitions
- This invention relates to gasoline compositions, and more particularly to gasoline compositions having dyes incorporated therein, their preparation and use.
- This translucent blue hue can provide a sparkling visual effect to an observer akin to tnat of spray from a waterfall in a mountain stream against a dear blue sunlit sky.
- Such a visual effect can serve to highlight the purity of such a gasoline product, and have the surprising environmental benefit of making a potential purchaser more likely to choose to purchase such gasoline than conventional gasoline by subjectively highlighting the purity of the gasoline.
- a method of highlighting the purity of a gasoline composition comprising a major amount of a substantially colourless gasoline having a Research Octane No. of at least 95, a Motor Octane No. of at least 85, density at 15°C in the range 720 to 775 kg/m 3 , sulphur content not greater than 50 mg/kg (ppmw) , oxygenate content 0 to 15% v/v contributing to oxygen content not greater than 2.7% w/w, olefms content 0 to 18% v/v, aromatics content 15 to 35% v/v giving overall benzene content not greater than 1.0% v/v, the balance of the gasoline being saturated hydrocarbon, which method comprises imparting a translucent blue hue to the gasoline composition by incorporating an effective concentration of blue dye therein.
- Gasolines typically contain mixtures of hydrocarbons boiling in the range from about 30°C to about 230°C, the optimal ranges and distillation curves varying according to climate and season of the year.
- the hydrocarbons in a gasoline as defined above may conveniently be derived in known manner from straight-run gasoline, synthetically- produced aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures, thermally or catalytically cracked hydrocarbons hydrocracked petroleum fractions or catalytically reformed hydroc rbon and mixtures of these.
- Oxygenates include alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert.butanol and isobutanol) and ethers, and are preferably etners containing 5 or more carbon atoms per molecule, e.g.
- methyl tert. butyl ether (MTBE) .
- the ethers containing 5 or more carbon atoms per molecule may be used in amounts up to 15% v/v, but if methanol is used, it can only be in an amount up to 3% v/v, and stabilisers will be required. Stabilisers may also be needed for ethanol, which may be used up to 5% v/v.
- Isopropanol may be used up to 10% v/v, tert-butanol up to 7% v/v and isobutanol up to 10% v/v.
- Gasolines as defined above have been found to be substantially colourless, an alternative description being nearly completely water-white.
- Gasoline compositions as defined above may variously include one or more additives such as anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, ashless detergents, dehazers and synthetic or mineral oil carrier fluids. Examples of suitable such additives are described generally in US Patent No. 5,855,629.
- Additive components can be added separately to the gasoline or can be blended with one or more diluents, forming an additive concentrate, and together added to the gasoline.
- the blue dye can be added to the gasoline independently of other additives, or as a component of such an additive concentrate.
- the blue dye must be soluble in the gasoline.
- Very effective blue dyes have been found to have a maximum light absorbance peak in the range 630 to 660 nm, preferably 645 to 655 nm. Light absorbance peaks may conveniently be measured using a Lambda 25 Perkm-Elmer UV-VIS (trade mark 1 spectrometer.
- Suitable blue dyes may include, for example, DyeGuard Blue 79R ex John Hogg Technical Solutions, Automate Blue 8G ex Morton, and Unisol Liquid Blue A ex UCM.
- Tne ⁇ etnc ⁇ cf Highlighting of the invention preferably comprises incorporatin ⁇ in the gasoline a dyestuff having a maximum light aosorbance peak in the range 630 to 660 nm at a concentration to give a blue colour corresponding in intensity to that achieved by incorporation of DyeGuard Blue 79R at a concentration in the range 3 to 30 ppmv, (parts per million volume/volume) more preferably 5 to 25 ppmv, and very conveniently 5 to 15 ppmv.
- DyeGuard Blue 79R itself has been found to give very effective results.
- the appropriate concentration of a chosen dyestuff depends on the intensity of blue colour desired and the nature of the active matter and its concentration in the chosen dyestuff .
- DyeGuard Blue 79R is sold with a specified active matter content of 48% w/w.
- Automate Blue 8G is stated to have an active matter content of about 40%w/w.
- Unisol Liquid Blue A is stated to have active matter content of 50% w/w.
- gasoline compositions as defined above themselves form an aspect of the present invention.
- the present invention thus further provides a gasoline composition which comprises a major amount of a substantially colourless gasoline having a Research Octane No. of at least 95, a Motor Octane No. of at least 85, density at 15°C in the range 720 to 775 kg/m 3 , sulphur content not greater than 50 mg/kg (ppmw) , oxygenate content 0 to 15% v/v contributing to oxygen content not greater than 2.7% w/w, olefms content 0 to 18% v/v, aromatics content 15 to 35% v/v giving overall benzene content not greater than 1.0% v/v, the balance of the gasoline being saturated hydrocarbon, the gasoline composition having a translucent blue hue by incorporation of an effective concentration of blue dye therein.
- Preferred such gasoline compositions are compositions wherein tne blue dye is a ⁇ yestuff nav g a maximum light absorbance peak the range 630 to 660 nm at a concentration to give a blue colour corresponding in intensity to that achieved by incorporation of DyeGuard
- Blue 79R at a concentration in the range 3 to 30 ppmv, more preferably 5 to 25 ppmv, and very conveniently 5 to 15 ppmv .
- the light absorbance maxima for gasoline compositions of the invention within the range 630 to 660 nm, more preferably 645 to 655 nm, are m the range 0.1 to 0.5 absorption units, more preferably 0.11 to 0.48 absorption units, and very conveniently 0.12 to 0.47 absorption units as measured using a Lambda 25 Perkm-Elmer UV-VIS Spectrometer.
- the translucent blue hue provides a sparkling visual effect to an observer akin to that of spray from a waterfall in a mountain stream against a clear blue sunlit sky. This is very attractive to a potential purchaser and serves to emphasise in the mind the environmental benefits of the gasoline compositions of the invention, which have the potential to reduce emissions of harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and benzene compared with conventional unleaded 95 Research octane gasoline such as that commercially available in The Netherlands in 1998.
- the present invention further provides a method of influencing motorists to use environmentally advantageous gasoline in vehicles powered by spark-ignition engines which comprise dispensing a gasoline composition of the invention as defined above from a forecourt dispenser associated with a visual display of liquid having a colour corresponding to that of said gasoline composition.
- the visual display may comprise a transparent pipe or chamber in the ⁇ elivery system of the forecourt dispenser, so tnat a customer can see the gasoline composition as it passes through the delivery system whilst dispensing the gasoline composition, or it may comprise an enclosed tank containing a sample of the gasoline composition or another liquid (e.g. water, for fire-safety reasons) having substantially the same visual effect as the gasoline composition .
- a substantially colourless gasoline having characteristics within the above ranges was employed in comparison with a conventional high-guality unleaded gasoline according to EK 228:93 as sold m April 1999 by Shell Nederland B.V. These gasolines had the properties as shown in Table 1 following.
- the conventional gasoline although of high quality, had a noticeable yellow colour.
- Examples 1 and 2 were particularly preferred, as they conveyed a visual impression akin to that of spray from a waterfall in a mountain stream against a clear blue sunlit sky .
- Engine emissions tests were carried out m order to demonstrate the environmental benefits of the gasoline of the SCG of Table 1 in comparison with a blend of conventional unleaded 95 Research octane gasolines commercially available m The Netherlands in 1998 (market gasoline, MG) .
- the properties of the MG were as follows: RON 96.0, MON 85.5, density 740 kg/m 3 , sulfur content 95 mg/kg, olefms 11.7% (v/v), aromatics 36.3% (v/v), benzene content 1.78% v/v, oxygen content 0.01% m/m, oxygenate content 0.71% v/v.
- the MG had a clear yellowish appearance.
- the vehicles were (1) Vauxhall/Opel Vectra with C18 XEL Ecotec 4 cylinder spark-ignition engine of cylinder capacity 1799 cc , bore/stroke 86 mm/81.6 mm and rated power output 115 bhp at 5400 rpm, and (2) Ford Fiesta with DHA 2 ETEC 16 valve 4 cylinder spark-ignition engine of cylinder capacity 1250 cc, bore/stroke 71.9 mm/76.5 mm and rated power output 73.8 bhp at 5200 rpm. Both cars were equipped with standard catalytic convectors . The vehicles were run on a chassis dynamometer following a standard European emissions driving cycle (Directive 91/441/EEC). The cycle used was ECE 15.04 and EUDC with an 11 second idle. Compared with the MG, the SCG gave measured emissions reductions (%w) of 44%w oxi ⁇ es of nitrogen and 30%w benzene .
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00938707A EP1198542B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-05-25 | Gasoline composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99304058 | 1999-05-26 | ||
EP99304058 | 1999-05-26 | ||
EP00938707A EP1198542B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-05-25 | Gasoline composition |
PCT/EP2000/004912 WO2000073403A1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-05-25 | Gasoline composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1198542A1 true EP1198542A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
EP1198542B1 EP1198542B1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
Family
ID=8241411
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00938707A Expired - Lifetime EP1198542B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-05-25 | Gasoline composition |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1198542B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5093789B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE246238T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU759438B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60004242T2 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1042510B (en) |
MY (1) | MY137245A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ515455A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000073403A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100351794B1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-09-05 | 주식회사 서현케미칼 | Fuel additive for increasing octane number |
US20080134571A1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-12 | Jorg Landschof | Unleaded fuel compositions |
CA2797163A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Balanced unleaded fuel compositions |
CN103923709B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-11-04 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | A kind of alcohol-group fuel |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1624692A (en) * | 1925-08-12 | 1927-04-12 | Sun Oil Co | Process of manufacturing gasoline |
US1824977A (en) * | 1928-07-28 | 1931-09-29 | Sun Oil Co | Colored gasoline |
GB357179A (en) * | 1930-06-17 | 1931-09-17 | Patent Fuels & Color Corp | Improvements in the art of colouring gasoline or other petroleum distillates |
US1969249A (en) * | 1933-10-09 | 1934-08-07 | Sun Oil Co | Gasoline |
US2232871A (en) * | 1936-08-06 | 1941-02-25 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Coloring of hydrocarbons |
US2272134A (en) * | 1940-03-13 | 1942-02-03 | Shappirio Sol | Modified motor fuel and process of making same |
US3164449A (en) * | 1961-03-01 | 1965-01-05 | Du Pont | Anthraquinone dyes for gasoline |
WO1995033022A1 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-07 | Orr William C | Vapor phase combustion methods and compositions |
US5723338A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1998-03-03 | Amoco Corporation | Tagging hydrocarbons for subsequent identification |
JP3782139B2 (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 2006-06-07 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Unleaded gasoline |
JP3600330B2 (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 2004-12-15 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Unleaded gasoline |
JP3948796B2 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 2007-07-25 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Unleaded gasoline for in-cylinder direct injection gasoline engines |
-
2000
- 2000-05-24 MY MYPI20002279A patent/MY137245A/en unknown
- 2000-05-25 EP EP00938707A patent/EP1198542B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-25 NZ NZ515455A patent/NZ515455A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-25 AU AU53986/00A patent/AU759438B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-25 WO PCT/EP2000/004912 patent/WO2000073403A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-25 JP JP2001500722A patent/JP5093789B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-25 DE DE60004242T patent/DE60004242T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-25 AT AT00938707T patent/ATE246238T1/en active
-
2002
- 2002-06-05 HK HK02104246.2A patent/HK1042510B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0073403A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1042510A1 (en) | 2002-08-16 |
AU759438B2 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
AU5398600A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
JP2003501513A (en) | 2003-01-14 |
DE60004242D1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
MY137245A (en) | 2009-01-30 |
NZ515455A (en) | 2002-10-25 |
ATE246238T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
JP5093789B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
WO2000073403A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
HK1042510B (en) | 2003-12-05 |
DE60004242T2 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
EP1198542B1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
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