EP1197936B1 - Alarm system - Google Patents
Alarm system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1197936B1 EP1197936B1 EP01123041A EP01123041A EP1197936B1 EP 1197936 B1 EP1197936 B1 EP 1197936B1 EP 01123041 A EP01123041 A EP 01123041A EP 01123041 A EP01123041 A EP 01123041A EP 1197936 B1 EP1197936 B1 EP 1197936B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- line
- detectors
- testing
- processor
- resistance
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
- G08B29/06—Monitoring of the line circuits, e.g. signalling of line faults
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
- G08B26/005—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station with substations connected in series, e.g. cascade
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hazard alarm system according to the preamble of Patent claim 1.
- Danger alarm systems for example fire alarm systems, usually have one larger number of prisoners reporting to a two-wire reporting line are connected. This can be designed as a stab or a loop, about which the individual detectors communicate with a central office. Each detector points a sensor or the like, which depends on parameters of his Environment measured values produced. The measured values are sent via the line to the Central transmitted, this usually the individual detectors cyclically queries. To assign the measured values to the individual detectors It is necessary to assign an identifier or an address to each detector. The address is stored in a non-volatile memory of the detector. in the Processor of the central office are the message addresses stored, so that the central office with Help of a suitable program to monitor the individual detectors can.
- the invention has for its object to provide a hazard alarm system, in which a variety of errors are easily detected and located can, with the cost of the test circuit and the cost of measurement are minimal.
- hazard alarm system is a test circuit arrangement provided that is part of the headquarters and, for example, on a special Command of the central control processor the operational state of the network Security alarm system checked. This is done with the help of at least one test unit, which contains its own test processor in which a test program is stored is.
- a controlled by the test processor switch assembly is provided for selectively connecting the at least one test unit with the reporting line.
- the measuring means for checking the operational state of the alarm system in the reporting center integrated, so that in conjunction with an intelligent evaluation software Installation errors can be detected quickly and effectively.
- test circuit arrangement For such errors can each have a special test unit in the test circuit arrangement be provided, with all test units with a test processor are connected. However, this can be provided redundantly.
- the test circuit arrangement is a module designed, for example in the form of a plug-in card on which all components of the test circuit arrangement are arranged.
- the test circuit arrangement has a Modem connection to check the network via a remote connection.
- a remote connection can take place over the telephone network, for example.
- Possibility may be checking from a remote location, such as the Place of manufacture of the alarm system to be set in motion.
- the at the review obtained results, especially the errors found, then can be read out and transmitted via the remote connection to the remote location. So then, for example, even before final commissioning or Acceptance of the hazard alarm system Installation error detected and rectified become.
- a test unit for Detecting impermissibly long line lengths sees a constant current source ago, which has a modulator and a controllable switch to the line is switched. Using a data word supplied by the test processor via a Modulator is generated and also contains the address of a detector can a detector is activated and a switch is caused in the wires of the line connect to.
- the constant current source limits the current on the line a predetermined value, and a voltage measuring device can the entire Measure the voltage drop across the shorted section of the line.
- the voltage drop caused by the lines is the difference the measured voltage drop and the sum of the voltage drops at the Detectors of the measured section and possibly a measuring resistor, over which the Constant current flows to ground.
- the voltage drop, alone through the Cable length is determined, is known, can also be the resistance of the cable length determine, because the cross section of the line is known. Out of the this way determined resistance for the lines of the measured section can therefore also determine the length of the measured section. To this In this way, the total length of a line can be determined. It's on top way described also possible, the length of line sections between selected detectors by checking in the notifiers who Limit line section, one after the other, the cross switches are closed.
- the data word for controlling the individual detectors and closing the Cross-switch is preferably voltage modulated according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the detector is usually a logic circuit and a Demodulator, so that the selected or addressed detector detects when it a command is issued to close the cross switch. It can also be a Timer be provided, which after expiration of a predetermined time the Crossover switch reopens to change the line length for another section between detectors can be established.
- Cables for the described networks often have a shield in shape a braid or conductive foil surrounding the wires of the leads.
- Such a shield has a very low resistance. She lies either at ground or at a given potential. It can be especially in Area of detectors during installation happen that a wire shielding touched and thereby causes a short circuit. With the help of the test unit for a so-called. Shielding monitoring can determine such a short circuit. On simple way, this is done according to the invention in that the potential of the Shielding is monitored via the test processor. Dodges the potential of a predetermined value, is a touch of a wire with the shield in front.
- the described monitoring circuits have spatially significant in part Dimensions. It is therefore advantageous if not only it is determined if a Short circuit, but also where it is located. Therefore, see an embodiment of the invention, that the shield via a measuring resistor connected to a potential source.
- the test circuit arrangement shows, As already described, a constant voltage source. This ensures that, in the case of the described short circuit, a predetermined limited in height Current through the line, via the short circuit point and the measuring resistor flows. The entire voltage drop essentially consists of the voltage drop from the line sections and the measuring resistor together. As mentioned, the shield contributes little to a voltage reduction and can be neglected. Since the voltage drop at the measuring resistor known is, can be in this way the voltage drop caused by the line calculate.
- From the current and the line voltage drop can also be the Determine the resistance of the line section to the short-circuit point. Because the cross section and the specific resistance of the veins are known, therefore can be omitted calculate the resistance of the length of the line to the short circuit point. These calculations can be done in the test processor.
- the length of the cable from the control center to the short circuit point is already one essential statement, which facilitates the finding of a short circuit. Yet it is easier if it can be established between which neighboring ones Detectors a short circuit has occurred. In the method described above leaves determine the length of the line sections between the detectors. Are therefore the individual cable lengths stored in the test processor can then be calculated between which detectors the contact between shield and Core or the short circuit is present
- a test circuit arrangement is shown, which is arranged within a box 10 shown in dashed lines.
- the test circuit arrangement 10 is part of a not shown control center of a hazard detection system having a loop.
- the line A consists of the wires 12 and 14, and in the course of the line A a series of detectors M to M n is connected.
- the detectors M1, M2 and M n are shown. Part of the circuit of the detector M is shown in Fig. 2.
- the detector M further comprises a modulator / demodulator 16, which converts a voltage pulse on the line line into logic signals for a logic circuit 18.
- the logic circuit 18 includes an address memory and a plurality of input / output lines. It receives a serial data signal (eg, an address or an instruction) and executes an instruction when a received address matches the address stored in the logic circuit 18. This can be z. B. be the case to actuate the cross switch T3 and thus short the wires 12, 14.
- Each detector M has on both sides of the cross switch T3 in the wire 14 disconnectors T1, T2, which are normally closed during operation of the detectors.
- the cores 12, 14 via unspecified Zener diodes with each other connected, so that in a reverse polarity of the detector during installation Short circuit occurs, which in turn determined by a short circuit test circuit which will be discussed below.
- the test circuit arrangement 10 has a first test processor 20 and a second test processor 22 (CPU1 or CPU2).
- the test processor 20 is via a Interface 24 (COM1) with the central processor (not shown) of the control center for the alarm system.
- the test processor 22 is redundant intended.
- a constant voltage source 26 (I KA ) is connected to the core 12 via a modulator 28 (MA) and a switch 30 (S 1A ).
- the constant voltage source 26 is connected to a power supply 32 (U STABA ).
- the test processor 20 controls the modulator 28 and the switch 30 to operate z. B. to give a voltage modulated data word on the line when the switch 30 is closed.
- Another switch 33 also controlled by the test processor 20 (S 2A ), connects the wire 12 to ground when closed.
- a voltage measuring device 36 (A / D1 A ) is connected to the wire 12 and its output is connected to the test processor 20. The same is true for a voltage measuring device 38 (A / D2 A ) connected to the wire 14.
- the wires 12, 14 are surrounded by a shield 40, which is indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 1.
- the shield 40 is connected to a shield check unit 42 whose output is connected to the test processor 20. It contains a test resistor 44 (R A ), which is connected to the shield 40 and with the other terminal to the potential U s .
- the shield is connected to the positive input of an operational amplifier 46 whose output is connected to the test processor 20.
- the wire 14 is connected to ground (R MA ) via a measuring resistor 46a, the same pole of the resistor 46a connected to the wire 14 being connected to the positive input of an operational amplifier 48 whose output is connected to the test processor 20.
- Equation 2 is calculated in the test processor 20 and the result R L (M n ) is stored. This value includes the line resistance between the connection of the line A and the detector M n .
- the switch T3 is opened again in the detector M n . This is done with the help of a suitable timer, which is housed in the detector, for example in the logic module 18.
- the line voltage returns to operating potential.
- the measured values for the line sections and the entire line can be stored in the test processor 20.
- circuit arrangement shown can also be a short circuit between the shield 40 and one of the wires are detected as well as the location of Short circuit.
- the shield 40 consists of a wire mesh or a Foil and is low impedance and is neglected in the following calculations.
- the starting point is again a normal operating state, i. H. Switch 30 is closed and switch 33 is open. It should now be the short K1 detected and the short-circuit location are determined.
- this line length can also be related to the determined lengths of the line sections between the detectors M1 ... M n . Therefore, it can be easily determined between which detectors the short circuit is located, so here between the detectors M1 and M2.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hazard alarm system according to the preamble of Patent claim 1.
Gefahrenmeldeanlagen, zum Beispiel Brandmeldeanlagen, weisen in der Regel eine größere Anzahl von Gefaluenmeldern auf, die an eine zweiadrige Meldeleitung angeschlossen sind. Diese kann als Stich- oder als Ringleitung konzipiert sein, über die die einzelnen Melder mit einer Zentrale kommunizieren. Jeder Melder weist einen Sensor oder dergleichen auf, der in Abhängigkeit von Parametern seiner Umgebung Meßwerte produziert. Die Meßwerte werden über die Leitung an die Zentrale übertragen, wobei diese üblicherweise die einzelnen Melder zyklisch abfragt. Um eine Zuordnung der Meßwerte zu den einzelnen Meldern vornehmen zu können, ist es notwendig, jedem Melder eine Kennung oder eine Adresse zuzuordnen. Die Adresse ist in einem nicht flüchtigen Speicher des Melders abgelegt. Im Prozessor der Zentrale sind die Meldeadressen gespeichert, so dass die Zentrale mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Programms eine Überwachung der individuellen Melder vornehmen kann.Danger alarm systems, for example fire alarm systems, usually have one larger number of prisoners reporting to a two-wire reporting line are connected. This can be designed as a stab or a loop, about which the individual detectors communicate with a central office. Each detector points a sensor or the like, which depends on parameters of his Environment measured values produced. The measured values are sent via the line to the Central transmitted, this usually the individual detectors cyclically queries. To assign the measured values to the individual detectors It is necessary to assign an identifier or an address to each detector. The address is stored in a non-volatile memory of the detector. in the Processor of the central office are the message addresses stored, so that the central office with Help of a suitable program to monitor the individual detectors can.
Die Installation und Inbetriebnahme einer derartigen Gefahrenmeldeanlage ist mit einem beträchtlichen Aufwand verbunden. Häufig werden die Installationsarbeiten Unternehmen übertragen, die für derartige Anlagen nicht als Fachfirmen bezeichnet werden können. Die Inbetriebnahme einer derartigen Meldeanlage erfolgt jedoch in der Regel durch speziell geschultes Personal.The installation and commissioning of such a hazard alarm system is included a considerable effort. Often the installation work Companies that do not designate such facilities as specialist firms can be. The commissioning of such a signaling system, however, takes place in usually by specially trained personnel.
Aus den erwähnten Gründen ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, Fehler und Störungen, welche sich durch fehlerhafte Installation einstellen, möglichst kurz vor der Inbetriebnahme, jedoch spätestens bei der Inbetriebnahme aufzudecken und zu identifizieren. For the reasons mentioned above, there is a need for errors and disturbances, which set by incorrect installation, as soon as possible before commissioning, However, at the latest during commissioning uncover and identify.
Es ist bekannt, separate Prüfschaltungsanordnungen vorzusehen, die an die Meldeleitung angeschlossen wird, zum Beispiel zur Überprüfung von Kurzschlußfehlern oder der Verpolung von Leitungen.It is known to provide separate test circuit arrangements which are connected to the signaling line is connected, for example, to check for short-circuit faults or reverse polarity of cables.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Gefahrenmeldeanlage zu schaffen, bei der auf einfache Weise eine Vielzahl von Fehlern erkannt und lokalisiert werden kann, wobei der Aufwand für die Prüfschaltung und der Meßaufwand minimal sind.The invention has for its object to provide a hazard alarm system, in which a variety of errors are easily detected and located can, with the cost of the test circuit and the cost of measurement are minimal.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Gefahrenmeldeanlage ist eine Prüfschaltungsanordnung vorgesehen, die Bestandteil der Zentrale ist und zum Beispiel auf einen speziellen Befehl des zentralen Steuerprozessors den betriebsfähigen Zustand des Netzes der Gefahrenmeldeanlage überprüft. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe mindestens einer Prüfeinheit, die einen eigenen Prüfprozessor enthält, in dem ein Prüfprogramm gespeichert ist. Außerdem ist eine vom Prüfprozessor gesteuerte Schalteranordnung vorgesehen zur wahlweisen Verbindung der mindestens einen Prüfeinheit mit der Meldeleitung.In the hazard alarm system according to the invention is a test circuit arrangement provided that is part of the headquarters and, for example, on a special Command of the central control processor the operational state of the network Security alarm system checked. This is done with the help of at least one test unit, which contains its own test processor in which a test program is stored is. In addition, a controlled by the test processor switch assembly is provided for selectively connecting the at least one test unit with the reporting line.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Gefahrenmeldeanlage sind die Meßmittel zur Überprüfung des betriebsfähigen Zustands der Gefahrenmeldeanlage in die Meldezentrale integriert, so daß in Verbindung mit einer intelligenten Auswertungs-Software Installationsfehler schnell und wirksam erkannt werden können.In the hazard alarm system according to the invention, the measuring means for checking the operational state of the alarm system in the reporting center integrated, so that in conjunction with an intelligent evaluation software Installation errors can be detected quickly and effectively.
Häufig vorkommende Fehler bei Gefahrenmeldeanlagen sind Verpolungen der Adern, Überschreitung zulässiger Leitungslängen, Kurzschlüsse bzw. Berührung von Adern oder Abschirmungen sowie Vertauschung von Detektortypen und Abweichung vom Installationsplan sowie Änderungen von Übergangswiderständen. Frequently occurring errors in alarm systems are reverse polarity of the Cores, exceeding permissible cable lengths, short circuits or contact of cores or shields as well as interchange of detector types and Deviation from the installation plan and changes in contact resistance.
Für derartige Fehler kann jeweils eine besondere Prüfeinheit in der Prüfungsschaltungsanordnung vorgesehen werden, wobei sämtliche Prüfeinheiten mit einem Prüfprozessor verbunden sind. Dieser kann jedoch redundant vorgesehen werden.For such errors can each have a special test unit in the test circuit arrangement be provided, with all test units with a test processor are connected. However, this can be provided redundantly.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Prüfschaltungsanordnung als Modul ausgebildet, etwa in Form einer Steckkarte, auf der alle Bauelemente der Prüfschaltungsanordnung angeordnet sind.According to one embodiment of the invention, the test circuit arrangement is a module designed, for example in the form of a plug-in card on which all components of the test circuit arrangement are arranged.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Prüfschaltungsanordnung einen Modemanschluß auf zur Überprüfung des Netzes über eine Fernverbindung. Diese kann zum Beispiel über das Telefonnetz stattfinden. Mit Hilfe einer derartigen Möglichkeit kann die Überprüfung von einem entfernten Ort, beispielsweise dem Herstellort der Gefahrenmeldeanlage, in Gang gesetzt werden. Die bei der Überprüfung erhaltenen Ergebnisse, insbesondere die aufgefundenen Fehler, können dann ausgelesen und über die Fernverbindung an den entfernten Ort übertragen werden. So können dann beispielsweise schon vor der endgültigen Inbetriebnahme bzw. Abnahme der Gefahrenmeldeanlage Installationsfehler aufgedeckt und behoben werden.According to one embodiment of the invention, the test circuit arrangement has a Modem connection to check the network via a remote connection. These can take place over the telephone network, for example. With the help of such Possibility may be checking from a remote location, such as the Place of manufacture of the alarm system to be set in motion. The at the review obtained results, especially the errors found, then can be read out and transmitted via the remote connection to the remote location. So then, for example, even before final commissioning or Acceptance of the hazard alarm system Installation error detected and rectified become.
Es kommt häufiger vor, dass bei der Installation einer Gefahrenmeldeanlage zu große Leitungslängen verwendet werden. Dies kann zur Folge haben, dass die Übertragung von Signalen auf der Leitung dadurch geschwächt oder gestört wird, so dass ein ordnungsgemäßer Betrieb nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Eine Prüfeinheit zur Feststellung von unzulässig großen Leitungslängen sieht eine Konstantstromquelle vor, die über einen Modulator und einen steuerbaren Schalter an die Leitung geschaltet wird. Mit Hilfe eines Datenworts, das vom Prüfprozessor über einen Modulator erzeugt wird und das außerdem die Adresse eines Melders enthält, kann ein Melder angesteuert und ein Schalter darin veranlaßt werden, die Adern der Leitung zu verbinden. Die Konstantstromquelle begrenzt den Strom auf der Leitung auf einen vorgegebenen Wert, und eine Spannungsmeßvorrichtung kann den gesamten Spannungsabfall über den kurzgeschlossenen Abschnitt der Leitung messen. Da die Spannungsabfälle von den in dem Abschnitt liegenden Meldern bekannt sind, ergibt sich der Spannungsabfall, der durch die Leitungen veranlaßt wird, aus der Differenz des gemessenen Spannungsabfalls und der Summe der Spannungsabfälle an den Meldern des gemessenen Abschnitts und ggf. eines Meßwiderstands, über den der Konstantstrom nach Masse fließt. Wenn der Spannungsabfall, der allein durch die Leitungslänge bestimmt wird, bekannt ist, läßt sich auch der Widerstand der Leitungslänge ermitteln, denn der Querschnitt der Leitung ist bekannt. Aus dem auf diese Weise ermittelten Widerstand für die Leitungen des gemessenen Abschnitts läßt sich mithin auch die Länge des gemessenen Abschnitts ermitteln. Auf diese Weise kann die Gesamtlänge einer Leitung ermittelt werden. Es ist auf die oben beschriebene Art und Weise auch möglich, die Länge von Leitungsabschnitten zwischen ausgewählten Meldern zu ermitteln, indem in den Meldern, welche den Leitungsabschnitt begrenzen, nacheinander die Querschalter geschlossen werden.It often happens that when installing a hazard alarm system too large cable lengths are used. This may result in the Transmission of signals on the line thereby weakened or disturbed, so that proper operation is no longer guaranteed. A test unit for Detecting impermissibly long line lengths sees a constant current source ago, which has a modulator and a controllable switch to the line is switched. Using a data word supplied by the test processor via a Modulator is generated and also contains the address of a detector can a detector is activated and a switch is caused in the wires of the line connect to. The constant current source limits the current on the line a predetermined value, and a voltage measuring device can the entire Measure the voltage drop across the shorted section of the line. Because the Voltage drops of the detectors located in the section are known results the voltage drop caused by the lines is the difference the measured voltage drop and the sum of the voltage drops at the Detectors of the measured section and possibly a measuring resistor, over which the Constant current flows to ground. When the voltage drop, alone through the Cable length is determined, is known, can also be the resistance of the cable length determine, because the cross section of the line is known. Out of the this way determined resistance for the lines of the measured section can therefore also determine the length of the measured section. To this In this way, the total length of a line can be determined. It's on top way described also possible, the length of line sections between selected detectors by checking in the notifiers who Limit line section, one after the other, the cross switches are closed.
Das Datenwort zur Ansteuerung der individuellen Melder und zum Schließen der Querschalter ist nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorzugsweise spannungsmoduliert. Im Melder befindet sich üblicherweise eine Logikschaltung sowie ein Demodulator, so daß der angewählte bzw. adressierte Melder feststellt, wann ihm ein Befehl erteilt wird zum Schließen des Querschalters. Es kann außerdem eine Zeitschaltung vorgesehen werden, welche nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Zeit den Querschalter wieder öffnet, um die Leitungslänge für einen anderen Abschnitt zwischen Meldern errichtet werden kann.The data word for controlling the individual detectors and closing the Cross-switch is preferably voltage modulated according to an embodiment of the invention. In the detector is usually a logic circuit and a Demodulator, so that the selected or addressed detector detects when it a command is issued to close the cross switch. It can also be a Timer be provided, which after expiration of a predetermined time the Crossover switch reopens to change the line length for another section between detectors can be established.
Leitungen für die beschriebenen Netze weisen häufig eine Abschirmung auf in Form eines Geflechts oder einer leitenden Folie, welche die Adern der Leitungen umgibt. Cables for the described networks often have a shield in shape a braid or conductive foil surrounding the wires of the leads.
Eine derartige Abschirmung weist einen sehr geringen Widerstand auf. Sie liegt entweder an Masse oder an einem vorgegebenen Potential. Es kann insbesondere im Bereich der Melder bei der Installation geschehen, daß eine Ader die Abschirmung berührt und dadurch einen Kurzschluß hervorruft. Mit Hilfe der Prüfeinheit für eine sog. Abschirmungsüberwachung läßt sich ein derartiger Kurzschluß ermitteln. Auf einfache Weise geschieht dies nach der Erfindung dadurch, daß das Potential der Abschirmung über den Prüfprozessor überwacht wird. Weicht das Potential von einem vorgegebenen Wert ab, liegt eine Berührung einer Ader mit der Abschirmung vor.Such a shield has a very low resistance. she lies either at ground or at a given potential. It can be especially in Area of detectors during installation happen that a wire shielding touched and thereby causes a short circuit. With the help of the test unit for a so-called. Shielding monitoring can determine such a short circuit. On simple way, this is done according to the invention in that the potential of the Shielding is monitored via the test processor. Dodges the potential of a predetermined value, is a touch of a wire with the shield in front.
Die beschriebenen Überwachungsschaltungen haben räumlich zum Teil erhebliche Abmessungen. Es ist daher von Vorteil, wenn nicht nur festgestellt wird, ob ein Kurzschluß vorliegt, sondern auch, an welcher Stelle er sich befindet. Daher sieht eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, daß die Abschirmung über einen Meßwiderstand mit einer Potentialquelle verbunden ist. Die Prüfschaltungsanordnung weist, wie eingangs schon beschrieben, eine Konstantspannungsquelle auf. Diese sorgt dafür, daß im Fall des beschriebenen Kurzschlusses ein in der Höhe begrenzter vorgegebener Strom durch die Leitung, über die Kurzschlußstelle und den Meßwiderstand fließt. Der gesamte Spannungsabfall setzt sich im wesentlichen aus dem Spannungsabfall aus den Leitungsabschnitten und am Meßwiderstand zusammen. Wie erwähnt, trägt die Abschirmung kaum zu einer Spannungsreduzierung bei und kann mithin vernachlässigt werden. Da der Spannungsabfall am Meßwiderstand bekannt ist, läßt sich auf diese Weise der durch die Leitung verursachte Spannungsabfall errechnen. Aus dem Strom und dem Leitungsspannungsabfall läßt sich auch der Widerstand des Leitungsstücks bis zur Kurzschlußstelle ermitteln. Da der Querschnitt und der spezifische Widerstand der Adern bekannt sind, läßt sich mithin aus dem Widerstand auch die Länge der Leitung bis zur Kurzschlußstelle errechnen. Diese Rechenvorgänge können im Prüfprozessor vorgenommen werden. The described monitoring circuits have spatially significant in part Dimensions. It is therefore advantageous if not only it is determined if a Short circuit, but also where it is located. Therefore, see an embodiment of the invention, that the shield via a measuring resistor connected to a potential source. The test circuit arrangement shows, As already described, a constant voltage source. This ensures that, in the case of the described short circuit, a predetermined limited in height Current through the line, via the short circuit point and the measuring resistor flows. The entire voltage drop essentially consists of the voltage drop from the line sections and the measuring resistor together. As mentioned, the shield contributes little to a voltage reduction and can be neglected. Since the voltage drop at the measuring resistor known is, can be in this way the voltage drop caused by the line calculate. From the current and the line voltage drop can also be the Determine the resistance of the line section to the short-circuit point. Because the cross section and the specific resistance of the veins are known, therefore can be omitted calculate the resistance of the length of the line to the short circuit point. These calculations can be done in the test processor.
Die Länge der Leitung von der Zentrale bis zur Kurzschlußstelle ist bereits eine wesentliche Aussage, welche das Auffinden einer Kurzschlußstelle erleichtert. Noch einfacher ist es, wenn festgestellt werden kann, zwischen welchen benachbarten Meldern ein Kurzschluß aufgetreten ist. Bei dem oben beschriebenen Verfahren läßt sich die Länge der Leitungsabschnitte zwischen den Meldern bestimmen. Sind daher die einzelnen Leitungslängen im Prüfprozessor gespeichert, kann dann ausgerechnet werden, zwischen welchen Meldern die Berührung zwischen Abschirmung und Ader bzw. des Kurzschlusses vorliegtThe length of the cable from the control center to the short circuit point is already one essential statement, which facilitates the finding of a short circuit. Yet it is easier if it can be established between which neighboring ones Detectors a short circuit has occurred. In the method described above leaves determine the length of the line sections between the detectors. Are therefore the individual cable lengths stored in the test processor can then be calculated between which detectors the contact between shield and Core or the short circuit is present
Bei den beschriebenen Gefahrenmeldeanlagen werden häufig Ringleitungen verwendet, deren Enden jeweils mit symmetrischen Schaltungsanordnungen einer Zentrale verbunden sind. Es ist daher möglich, eine Ringleitung von beiden Enden her zu betreiben, beispielsweise wenn sie im Bereich des Kurzschlusses unterbrochen wird. In diesem Fall kann z. B. von dem einen Zentralabschnitt eine Stichleitung und von dem anderen zentralen Abschnitt die andere Stichleitung betrieben werden. Damit bestimmte Melder aus der Meldeanlage herausgenommen werden können, sieht eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, daß die Melder in Reihe mit an der Ader liegende Trennschalter aufweisen zur Auftrennung der Leitung auf beiden Seiten einer Kurzschlußstelle. Im Normalbetrieb sind die Trennschalter geschlossen, werden jedoch auf Befehl von der Zentrale geöffnet. Da die Zentrale "weiß", zwischen welchen Meldern sich ein Kurzschluß befindet, können die dem Kurzschluß benachbarten Melder angesteuert werden zwecks Öffnens der Trennschalter.The described alarm systems often use ring lines, the ends of each with symmetrical circuit arrangements of a central office are connected. It is therefore possible to have a loop from both ends operate, for example if interrupted in the short circuit becomes. In this case, z. B. from the one central section a stub and operated by the other central section of the other spur line. So that certain detectors can be taken out of the signaling system, provides an embodiment of the invention that the detectors in series with on the wire lying disconnectors have to separate the line on both sides a short circuit point. In normal operation, the disconnect switches are closed however, open on command from the control panel. Since the headquarters "knows", between which detectors a short circuit is, the short circuit adjacent Detectors are activated to open the circuit breaker.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von in Zeichnungen dargestellten Schaltungsanordnungen beschrieben.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt schematisch eine Prüfschaltungsanordnung nach der Erfindung für eine Gefahrenmeldeanlage.
- Fig. 2
- zeigt schematisch einen Melder der Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1
- schematically shows a test circuit arrangement according to the invention for a hazard alarm system.
- Fig. 2
- 1 schematically shows a detector of the danger detection system according to FIG. 1.
In Fig. 1 ist eine Prüfschaltungsanordnung dargestellt, die innerhalb eines gestrichelt dargestellten Kastens 10 angeordnet ist. Die Prüfschaltungsanordnung 10 ist Bestandteile einer nicht weiter dargestellten Zentrale einer Gefahrenmeldeanlage, die eine Ringleitung aufweist. In Fig. 1 ist nur die Linie A der Ringleitung dargestellt. Das andere Ende, das ebenfalls mit der Zentrale und mit einer zur Prüfschaltungsanordnung 10 symmetrischen Schaltungsanordnung verbunden ist, ist aus Einfachheitsgründen nicht gezeigt. Die Linie A besteht aus den Adern 12 und 14, und im Zuge der Linie A ist eine Reihe von Meldern M bis Mn geschaltet. In Fig. 1 sind die Melder M1, M2 und Mn dargestellt. Ein Teil der Schaltung der Melder M ist in Fig. 2 wiedergegeben. Man erkennt einen Querschalter T3, der im geschlossenen Zustand die Adern 12, 14 verbindet. Man erkennt ferner die Spannungsversorgung USTAB mit einem Kondensator C und einer Diode D. Dadurch wird die Meldeschaltung auch dann mit Spannung versorgt, wenn die Spannung der Linie A kurzzeitig absinkt oder gegen Null geht. Der Melder M weist ferner einen Modulator/Demodulator 16 auf, der einen Spannungsimpuls auf der Linienleitung in Logiksignale für eine Logikschaltung 18 umwandelt. Die Logikschaltung 18 beinhaltet einen Adreßspeicher und mehrere Ein/Ausgabeleitungen. Sie empfängt ein serielles Datensignal (z. B. eine Adresse oder einen Befehl) und führt einen Befehl aus, wenn eine empfangene Adresse mit der in der Logikschaltung 18 abgespeicherten Adresse übereinstimmt. Dies kann z. B. der Fall sein, um den Querschalter T3 zu betätigen und damit die Adern 12, 14 kurzzuschließen. In Fig. 1 a test circuit arrangement is shown, which is arranged within a box 10 shown in dashed lines. The test circuit arrangement 10 is part of a not shown control center of a hazard detection system having a loop. In Fig. 1, only the line A of the loop is shown. The other end, which is also connected to the center and with a test circuit arrangement 10 symmetrical circuit arrangement is not shown for reasons of simplicity. The line A consists of the wires 12 and 14, and in the course of the line A a series of detectors M to M n is connected. In Fig. 1, the detectors M1, M2 and M n are shown. Part of the circuit of the detector M is shown in Fig. 2. One recognizes a cross-switch T3, which connects the wires 12, 14 in the closed state. It also recognizes the power supply U STAB with a capacitor C and a diode D. As a result, the signaling circuit is also supplied with voltage when the voltage of the line A briefly decreases or goes to zero. The detector M further comprises a modulator / demodulator 16, which converts a voltage pulse on the line line into logic signals for a logic circuit 18. The logic circuit 18 includes an address memory and a plurality of input / output lines. It receives a serial data signal (eg, an address or an instruction) and executes an instruction when a received address matches the address stored in the logic circuit 18. This can be z. B. be the case to actuate the cross switch T3 and thus short the wires 12, 14.
Jeder Melder M weist auf beiden Seiten des Querschalters T3 in der Ader 14 Trennschalter T1, T2 auf, die normalerweise im Betrieb der Melder geschlossen sind. Außerdem sind die Adern 12, 14 über nicht näher bezeichnete Zenerdioden miteinander verbunden, so daß bei einer Verpolung der Melder bei der Installation ein Kurzschluß entsteht, der wiederum durch eine Kurzschlußprüfschaltung ermittelt werden kann, worauf weiter unten noch eingegangen wird.Each detector M has on both sides of the cross switch T3 in the wire 14 disconnectors T1, T2, which are normally closed during operation of the detectors. In addition, the cores 12, 14 via unspecified Zener diodes with each other connected, so that in a reverse polarity of the detector during installation Short circuit occurs, which in turn determined by a short circuit test circuit which will be discussed below.
Die Prüfschaltungsanordnung 10 weist einen ersten Prüfprozessor 20 auf und einen zweiten Prüfprozessor 22 (CPU1 bzw. CPU2). Der Prüfprozessor 20 ist über eine Schnittstelle 24 (COM1) mit dem nicht dargestellten zentralen Prozessor der Zentrale für die Gefahrenmeldeanlage in Verbindung. Der Prüfprozessor 22 ist redundant vorgesehen.The test circuit arrangement 10 has a first test processor 20 and a second test processor 22 (CPU1 or CPU2). The test processor 20 is via a Interface 24 (COM1) with the central processor (not shown) of the control center for the alarm system. The test processor 22 is redundant intended.
Eine Konstantspannungsquelle 26 (IKA) ist über einen Modulator 28 (MA) und einen Schalter 30 (S1A) mit der Ader 12 verbunden. Die Konstantspannungsquelle 26 ist mit einer Spannungsversorgung 32 verbunden (USTABA). Der Prüfprozessor 20 steuert den Modulator 28 und den Schalter 30, um z. B. ein spannungsmoduliertes Datenwort auf die Leitung zu geben, wenn der Schalter 30 geschlossen ist. Ein weiterer Schalter 33, der ebenfalls vom Prüfprozessor 20 gesteuert wird (S2A), verbindet die Ader 12 mit Masse, wenn er geschlossen ist.A constant voltage source 26 (I KA ) is connected to the core 12 via a modulator 28 (MA) and a switch 30 (S 1A ). The constant voltage source 26 is connected to a power supply 32 (U STABA ). The test processor 20 controls the modulator 28 and the switch 30 to operate z. B. to give a voltage modulated data word on the line when the switch 30 is closed. Another switch 33, also controlled by the test processor 20 (S 2A ), connects the wire 12 to ground when closed.
Eine Spannungsmeßvorrichtung 36 (A/D1A) ist mit der Ader 12 verbunden, und ihr Ausgang ist mit dem Prüfprozessor 20 verbunden. Das gleiche trifft zu für eine Spannungsmeßvorrichtung 38 (A/D2A), die mit der Ader 14 verbunden ist.A voltage measuring device 36 (A / D1 A ) is connected to the wire 12 and its output is connected to the test processor 20. The same is true for a voltage measuring device 38 (A / D2 A ) connected to the wire 14.
Die Adern 12, 14 sind mit einer Abschirmung 40 umgeben, die in Fig. 1 gestrichelt angedeutet ist. Die Abschirmung 40 ist mit einer Abschirmungsprüfeinheit 42 verbunden, deren Ausgang mit dem Prüfprozessor 20 verbunden ist. Sie enthält einen Prüfwiderstand 44 (RA), der an die Abschirmung 40 angeschlossen ist und mit der anderen Klemme an das Potential Us. Außerdem ist die Abschirmung mit dem Pluseingang eines Operationsverstärkers 46 verbunden, dessen Ausgang mit dem Prüfprozessor 20 verbunden ist.The wires 12, 14 are surrounded by a shield 40, which is indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 1. The shield 40 is connected to a shield check unit 42 whose output is connected to the test processor 20. It contains a test resistor 44 (R A ), which is connected to the shield 40 and with the other terminal to the potential U s . In addition, the shield is connected to the positive input of an operational amplifier 46 whose output is connected to the test processor 20.
Die Ader 14 ist über einen Meßwiderstand 46a mit Masse verbunden (RMA), wobei derselbe Pol des Widerstands 46a, der mit der Ader 14 verbunden ist, mit dem positiven Eingang eines Operationsverstärkers 48 verbunden ist, dessen Ausgang auf den Prüfprozessor 20 geschaltet ist.The wire 14 is connected to ground (R MA ) via a measuring resistor 46a, the same pole of the resistor 46a connected to the wire 14 being connected to the positive input of an operational amplifier 48 whose output is connected to the test processor 20.
Mit Hilfe der gezeigten Schaltungsanordnung läßt sich z. B. die Leitungslänge der Linie A ermitteln bzw. der Adern 12, 14 und auch die Leitungslängen zwischen gewünschten Meldern M, z. B. zwischen benachbarten Meldern M. Hierzu nachfolgend die Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels.With the help of the circuit arrangement shown can be z. B. the length of the Determine line A or the wires 12, 14 and also the line lengths between desired detectors M, z. B. between adjacent detectors M. For this purpose below the description of an embodiment.
Es soll z. B. die Leitungslänge zwischen den Meldern M2 und Mn vermessen werden.
Es wird dabei von einem normalen Betriebszustand ausgegangen, bei dem der
Schalter 30 geschlossen ist und der Schalter 33 geöffnet. Die Schalter T1 und T2 in
den Meldern M1 ... Mn sind geschlossen. Der Schalter T3 in den Meldern M1 ... Mn
sind geöffnet. Damit ist die Leitung Linie A unter Spannung gesetzt (Betriebsspannung).
Durch Ansteuerung des Modulators MA wird ein spannungsmoduliertes
Signal auf der Leitung, z. B. einer Ringleitung, gesendet. Das Datenwort beinhaltet
die Adresse des Melders bzw. seine Kommunikationsadresse und einen Befehl zum
Schließen des Schalters T3, etwa von Mn. Nachdem Mn den Befehl empfangen hat,
wird sein Schalter T3 geschlossen. Es fließt nunmehr ein Konstantstrom IA, verursacht
durch die Konstantstromquelle 26. Der Strom fließt über die Schalter T3 und
T1 von Mn, sowie über den Widerstand RMA. Mit Hilfe der Spannungsmeßvorrichtung
36 wird der Spannungsabfall am Anschluß plus Linie A gemessen und dem
Prüfprozessor 20 zugeführt. Der gemessene Spannungsabfall setzt sich wie folgt
zusammen:
- URMA
- der Spannungsabfall über Widerstand RMA,
- UTX
- der Spannungsabfall über T1, T2 eines jeden Melders vor Mn,
- ULT
- der Spannungsabfall am Linienanschluß A,
- RTX
- der Gesamtwiderstand aller Schalter T1, T2 der Melder M1 bis Mn und
- RMA
- der Meßwiderstand vor dem Anschluß Minuslinie A ist.
- U RMA
- the voltage drop across resistor R MA ,
- U TX
- the voltage drop across T1, T2 of each detector before M n ,
- U LT
- the voltage drop at the line terminal A,
- R TX
- the total resistance of all switches T1, T2 of the detectors M1 to M n and
- RMA
- the measuring resistor before the connection minus line A is.
Nach Umstellung der Gleichung 4. ergibt sich:
Die Gleichung 2 wird im Prüfprozessor 20 berechnet und das Ergebnis RL(Mn) abgespeichert. Dieser Wert beinhaltet den Leitungswiderstand zwischen dem Anschluß der Linie A und dem Melder Mn. Equation 2 is calculated in the test processor 20 and the result R L (M n ) is stored. This value includes the line resistance between the connection of the line A and the detector M n .
Nach einer gewissen Zeit tM wird im Melder Mn der Schalter T3 wieder geöffnet. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe einer geeigneten Zeitschaltung, die im Melder, beispielsweise im Logikbaustein 18, untergebracht ist. Die Linienspannung geht wieder auf Betriebspotential.After a certain time t M , the switch T3 is opened again in the detector M n . This is done with the help of a suitable timer, which is housed in the detector, for example in the logic module 18. The line voltage returns to operating potential.
Anschließend werden die obigen Schritte für den Melder M2 durchgeführt. Das
Ergebnis RL(M2) wird ebenfalls in dem Speicher von dem Prüfprozessor 20 abgelegt.
Nunmehr wird die Differenz zwischen beiden Messungen gebildet:
Bei einem gegebenen Leiterdurchmesser (Querschnitt) kann die Leitungslänge
zwischen Melder M2 und Mn bestimmt werden:
Das gleiche Verfahren kann dazu angewendet werden, um die gesamte Länge der
Leitung zu bestimmen. Ist z. B. eine Ringleitung vorgesehen, wird am anderen Ende
der Schalter geschlossen, der dem Schalter 33 nach Fig. 1 entspricht. Dadurch fließt
ein Konstantstrom über die Ader 12 zu Masse. Über die Spannungsmeßvorrichtung
36 wird nun die Spannung am Anschluß der Ader 12 gemessen. Die gemessene
Spannung kann direkt in die Länge der Leitung umgerechnet werden:
Die gemessenen Werte für die Leitungsabschnitte und die gesamte Leitung können im Prüfprozessor 20 abgespeichert werden.The measured values for the line sections and the entire line can be stored in the test processor 20.
Mit Hilfe der gezeigten Schaltungsanordnung kann auch ein Kurzschluß zwischen der Abschirmung 40 und einer der Adern festgestellt werden sowie auch der Ort des Kurzschlusses.With the help of the circuit arrangement shown can also be a short circuit between the shield 40 and one of the wires are detected as well as the location of Short circuit.
Wie schon erwähnt, besteht die Abschirmung 40 aus einem Drahtgeflecht oder einer Folie und ist niederohmig und wird bei den nachfolgenden Berechnungen vernachlässigt. Ausgegangen wird wiederum von einem Normalbetriebszustand, d. h. Schalter 30 ist geschlossen und Schalter 33 geöffnet. Es soll nun der Kurzschluß K1 detektiert und der Kurzschlußort bestimmt werden.As already mentioned, the shield 40 consists of a wire mesh or a Foil and is low impedance and is neglected in the following calculations. The starting point is again a normal operating state, i. H. Switch 30 is closed and switch 33 is open. It should now be the short K1 detected and the short-circuit location are determined.
Es fließt der Strom IA der Konstantstromquelle 26. Er fließt, wenn der Kurzschluß
K1 besteht, auch über die Abschirmung 40 und den Widerstand 44 zum Potential Us
der Schirmüberwachung 42. Mit Hilfe der Spannungsmeßvorrichtung 36 kann die
Spannung, die sich einstellt, gemessen werden. Der Spannungsabfall am Widerstand
44 ist bekannt. Mithin kann hieraus der Spannungsabfall berechnet werden, der
durch die Leitung bis zur Kurzschlußstelle K1 hervorgerufen wird, d.h. durch die
Ader 12. Dieser Spannungsabfall ULA und der Strom IA erlauben die Berechnung des
Widerstands Aderabschnitts, der mit RLK bezeichnet ist. Die Leitungslänge bis zur
Kurzschlußstelle ist mithin
- A
- der Querschnitt der Ader,
- RLK
- der gemessene Widerstandswert und
- ρ
- der spezifische Widerstand ist.
- A
- the cross section of the wire,
- R LK
- the measured resistance value and
- ρ
- the specific resistance is.
Auf diese Weise kann ermittelt werden, in welcher Leitungsentfernung der Kurzschluß aufgetreten ist. Da diese Leitungsentfernung noch wenig aussagt über den tatsächlichen Ort des Kurzschlusses, kann diese Leitungslänge auch in Beziehung gesetzt werden zu den ermittelten Längen der Leitungsabschnitte zwischen den Meldern M1 ... Mn. Daher läßt sich ohne weiteres ermitteln, zwischen welchen Meldern der Kurzschluß liegt, also hier zwischen den Meldern M1 und M2.In this way it can be determined in which line distance the short circuit has occurred. Since this line distance still says little about the actual location of the short circuit, this line length can also be related to the determined lengths of the line sections between the detectors M1 ... M n . Therefore, it can be easily determined between which detectors the short circuit is located, so here between the detectors M1 and M2.
Auf ähnliche Weise, wie oben beschrieben, kann auch festgestellt werden, ob eine Verpolung vorliegt. Bei einer Verpolung fließt der Konstantstrom IA über die nicht gezeichnete Zenerdiode und führt mithin einen durch die Konstantstromquelle 26 begrenzten Kurzschlußstrom herbei. Durch Messung der Leitungslänge läßt sich mithin feststellen, an welcher Stelle sich der Kurzschluß befindet. Da sich in diesem Fall auch der Spannungsabfall am Meßwiderstand 46a ändert, kann durch den Block DA ermittelt werden, ob ein Kurzschluß vorliegt oder die Leitung ungestört ist, was dann zu einer entsprechenden Meldung an den Prüfprozessor 20 führt.In a similar way, as described above, it can also be determined whether there is a reverse polarity. In a reverse polarity of the constant current I A flows through the not-shown Zener diode and thus leads a limited by the constant current source 26 short-circuit current. By measuring the cable length can thus determine, at which point the short circuit is. Since in this case also the voltage drop across the measuring resistor 46a changes, it can be determined by the block D A , whether a short circuit exists or the line is undisturbed, which then leads to a corresponding message to the test processor 20.
Claims (19)
- A danger signalling system, comprising:a multiplicity of detectors (M1 to Mn) and other line members, in case of need, which respond to at least one danger criterion and are connected to a two-wire line (line A),a control centre connected to the line (line A), which has a voltage supply and a central processor in which the addresses of the detectors (M1 to Mn) are stored for individually addressing and polling the detectors (M1 to Mn) as well as a program for monitoring the status of the detectors (M1 to Mn),
- The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the testing circuitry (10) is designed as a module, e.g. in the form of a p.c. plug-in card.
- The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the testing circuitry (10) has a modem connection for checking the network via a trunk connection line.
- The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by a testing unit for checking any respective misplacement of poles of the detectors (M1 to Mn) and line members.
- The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a testing unit for checking the line lengths.
- The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a testing unit for checking any respective short-circuits in the line and/or any contact of wires (12, 14) of the line (line A) and the shielding enclosure (40) of the line with a wire (12, 14).
- The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a testing unit for checking the installed network with a predetermined installation scheme.
- The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the testing unit has a stabilized-current source (26) which is adapted to be connected to the line (line A) via a modulator (28) and a controllable switch (30) wherein the testing processor (20, 22) and the modulator (28) help in generating a data word which contains the address of a detector (M1 to Mn) and a control signal for a cross-connection switch (T3) interconnecting the wires (12, 14) and, further, a voltage measuring device (36) connected to the line (line A) is provided which is connected to the testing processor (20, 22).
- The system according to claim 8, characterized in that the data word is formed by modulating the voltage in the modulator (28).
- The system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a timing circuit is provided which causes the switch (T3) to open.
- The system according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that at least a second switch (33) is provided which connects a wire (14) of the line (line A) to ground for generating a stabilized current flowing in the line (line A).
- The system according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that a shielding enclosure testing unit (42) monitors the potential of the shielding enclosure (40) by means of the testing processor (20, 22) and produces a signal if the potential deviates from a predetermined value.
- The system according to claim 12, characterized in that the shielding enclosure (40) has connected thereto a precision resistor (44) the voltage drop of which is provided to the testing processor (20, 22) and the line resistance up to the short-circuit location is determined from the voltage level at the connection of the line (line A) and the stored voltage drop of the precision resistor (URA) and the line length up to the short-circuit location is determined from said resistance.
- The system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the detectors (M1 to Mn) have disconnecting switches (T1, T2) located in series with a wire (14) for breaking up the line (line A) on either side of a short-circuit location (K1).
- A method for measuring the resistance of line portions or line lengths in danger signalling systems according to one of the claims 1 to 14 having the following features:a multiplicity of detectors (M1 to Mn) and other line members, in case of need, which respond to at least one danger criterion and are connected to a two-wire line (line A),a control centre connected to the line (line A), which has a voltage supply and a central processor in which the addresses of the detectors (M1 to Mn) are stored for individually addressing and polling the detectors (M1 to Mn) as well as a program for monitoring the status of the detectors (M1 to Mn),a testing unit (10) is connected to the line (12, 14),a testing processor (20, 22) of the testing unit (10) in which the addresses of the detectors (M1 to Mn) are stored provides an instruction to a predetermined detector (Mn), via its address, to close a cross-connection switch (T3) interconnecting the wires of the line (12, 14) in the detector (Mn),a stabilized-current source (IKA) of the testing unit (10) generates a stabilized current (IA) on the line (12, 14),a voltage measuring device (36) measures the voltage drop at the connection of the line (12, 14) and provides the value measured to the testing processor (20, 22),the testing processor (20, 22) calculates the resistance of the sum of line portions between the connection of the line (12, 14) and the detector (Mn) while subtracting the resistances of the detectors (M1 to Mn-1) and a limiting resistance (RMA), if required.
- The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the resistance or line length between adjoining detectors (Mn, M2) is calculated by repeating the steps according to claim 15 for the adjoining detector (M2) and the minor resistance value is subtracted from the major one.
- The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a timing circuit in the detectors opens the cross-connection switch (T3) after a predetermined time if it had been closed before.
- The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the resistances or line length of the single line portions between the detectors (M1 to Mn) and the predetermined resistance values of the single detectors (M1 to Mn) are stored in the testing processor (20, 22) and, when measurements are made in operation later, the resistances measured for the detectors are compared to the resistance values stored for the detectors.
- A method for determining a short-circuit between the line of a danger signalling system according to one of the claims 1 to 14 and a shielding enclosure for the line, the danger signalling system comprising:a multiplicity of detectors (M1 to Mn) and other line members, in case of need, which respond to at least one danger criterion and are connected to a two-wire line (line A),a control centre connected to the line (line A), which has a voltage supply and a central processor in which the addresses of the detectors (M1 to Mn) are stored for individually addressing and polling the detectors (M1 to Mn) as well as a program for monitoring the status of the detectors (M1 to Mn),the shielding enclosure (40) is connected to ground via a resistor (RA) of the testing unit (10),a stabilized-current source (IKA) of the testing unit (10) generates a stabilized current (IA) on the line (12, 14),a voltage measuring device (36) measures the voltage drop at the connection of the line (12, 14) and provides the value measured to the testing processor (20, 22),the testing processor (20, 22) calculates the resistance of the short-circuited line up to the short-circuit location (K1) and calculates the line length up to the short-circuit location (K1) from the parameters of the line (12, 14).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10051329 | 2000-10-10 | ||
DE10051329A DE10051329C2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2000-10-10 | Alarm system |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1197936A2 EP1197936A2 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
EP1197936A3 EP1197936A3 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
EP1197936B1 true EP1197936B1 (en) | 2005-02-02 |
EP1197936B2 EP1197936B2 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
Family
ID=7660027
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01123041A Expired - Lifetime EP1197936B2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2001-09-26 | Alarm system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6507277B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1197936B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1157696C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE288605T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10051329C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1363261B1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2004-09-29 | Securiton AG | Method for the operation of an alarm system, and alarm system for the implementation of said method |
DE10234612A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hazard warning system has modules controllable so energy storage device in system is charged up, arrangement for determining individual module distances by evaluating associated charging times |
EP2051220A1 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-22 | Siemens Building Technologies Fire & Security Products GmbH & Co. oHG | Separating device with energy storage for an electric circuit conducting energy |
DE102008003799B4 (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2021-06-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Monitoring device for a reporting system, reporting system and method for monitoring the reporting system |
DE102010047227B3 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-03-01 | Hekatron Vertriebs Gmbh | Hazard detector, hazard alarm system and method for detecting line faults |
DE102010047220B4 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-07-05 | Novar Gmbh | Method for operating a voice announcement system |
EP3540706B1 (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-10-21 | Siemens Schweiz AG | System and method for addressing distant actuated safety devices |
DE102019203627A1 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Detection of disturbances in the measurement of bioelectrical signals |
Family Cites Families (26)
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US3797008A (en) | 1971-02-04 | 1974-03-12 | Nittan Co Ltd | Fire detecting system |
DE2935335C2 (en) * | 1979-08-31 | 1985-08-08 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | DC alarm system |
DE2939462C2 (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1983-01-05 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Process and device for the identification of individual detectors in intrusion or fire alarm systems |
DE3043357C2 (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1985-01-17 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Method and device for measuring resistance on a signal line |
JPS5947694A (en) | 1982-09-10 | 1984-03-17 | ニツタン株式会社 | Sensor testing circuit for alarm |
EP0111178B1 (en) * | 1982-11-23 | 1987-10-28 | Cerberus Ag | Control device with several detectors connected in chain form to a signal line |
GB8431883D0 (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1985-01-30 | Gent Ltd | Transmission system |
DE3614692A1 (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-05 | Nixdorf Computer Ag | DANGER REPORTING SYSTEM |
US5045787A (en) | 1989-12-27 | 1991-09-03 | General Signal Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring insulated track joint resistances |
EP0532787B1 (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1995-12-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for operating hazard detectors |
US5499023A (en) | 1992-05-27 | 1996-03-12 | Kaye Instruments, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for automated sensor diagnosis through quantitative measurement of one of sensor-to-earth conductance or loop resistance |
DE4321054C2 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-12-14 | Siemens Ag | Procedures to support test routines |
US5583848A (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-12-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | Methods for verification of routing table information |
US5544154A (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1996-08-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Method for determining the load induced by a routing verification test on a network |
DE19516092B4 (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 2004-08-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hazard detection system with at least one shield line |
US5553058A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1996-09-03 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Centralized load minimizing method for periodical routing verification tests scheduling |
US5638357A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-06-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Distributed method for periodical routing verification test scheduling |
DE19538754C2 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 2002-08-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procedure for monitoring primary lines |
US5680054A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1997-10-21 | Chemin De Fer Qns&L | Broken rail position detection using ballast electrical property measurement |
US6150936A (en) | 1996-05-20 | 2000-11-21 | Pittway Corporation | Method and system for analyzing received signal strength |
DE29611600U1 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1996-09-05 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for testing an alarm system |
US5872823A (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 1999-02-16 | Sutton; Todd R. | Reliable switching between data sources in a synchronous communication system |
DE69817435T2 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2004-03-11 | Honeywell International Inc. | Installation and monitoring of wireless security devices with reduced energy |
US6185191B1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2001-02-06 | Harris Corporation | Testing of ISDN line via auxiliary channel signaling |
US6195395B1 (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 2001-02-27 | Intel Corporation | Multi-agent pseudo-differential signaling scheme |
US6342836B2 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2002-01-29 | Harry I. Zimmerman | Proximity and sensing system for baggage |
-
2000
- 2000-10-10 DE DE10051329A patent/DE10051329C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-09-26 DE DE50105236T patent/DE50105236D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-26 EP EP01123041A patent/EP1197936B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-26 AT AT01123041T patent/ATE288605T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-10 US US09/975,439 patent/US6507277B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-10 CN CNB011412275A patent/CN1157696C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1197936A2 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
DE10051329A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
ATE288605T1 (en) | 2005-02-15 |
DE50105236D1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1197936B2 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
CN1157696C (en) | 2004-07-14 |
CN1372229A (en) | 2002-10-02 |
EP1197936A3 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
DE10051329C2 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
US6507277B2 (en) | 2003-01-14 |
US20020057198A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
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