EP1196808A4 - Systemes d'eclairage pour systemes d'affichage de lunettes et masques faciaux - Google Patents

Systemes d'eclairage pour systemes d'affichage de lunettes et masques faciaux

Info

Publication number
EP1196808A4
EP1196808A4 EP00937883A EP00937883A EP1196808A4 EP 1196808 A4 EP1196808 A4 EP 1196808A4 EP 00937883 A EP00937883 A EP 00937883A EP 00937883 A EP00937883 A EP 00937883A EP 1196808 A4 EP1196808 A4 EP 1196808A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
illumination
display
viewing
red
image display
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00937883A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1196808A1 (fr
Inventor
Mark B Spitzer
John O Crawford
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Myvu Corp
Original Assignee
Microoptical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microoptical Corp filed Critical Microoptical Corp
Publication of EP1196808A1 publication Critical patent/EP1196808A1/fr
Publication of EP1196808A4 publication Critical patent/EP1196808A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1066—Beam splitting or combining systems for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
    • G02B2027/0116—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0235—Field-sequential colour display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source

Definitions

  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Miniature active matrix liquid crystal displays require an illumination source.
  • a light source is placed behind the display.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simple prior art approach in which a transmissive AMLCD 10 is provided with an light emitting diode (LED) backlight 20. Rays from the backlight 30 propagate through the AMLCD and are modulated to produce an image.
  • color is obtained by sequentially loading red, green, and blue subframes into the AMLCD, and by simultaneously sequentially illuminating red, green, and blue LEDs . Sequential illumination is accomplished by providing current sequentially through one of the desired LED leads 40.
  • a beam shaping element 50 such as a Fresnel lens, may be used to collimate the light.
  • Other elements such as diffusers or filters, may also be employed.
  • AMLCDs and illuminators of this type are available commercially from Kopin Corporation.
  • the viewing system for such displays may comprise simple optical magnifier optics, or a multi-stage optical system characterized by intermediate image planes between the stages.
  • Prior art miniature reflective AMLCDs use an illuminating system that is based on a beam splitter cube 70 adjacent to the display 60.
  • the beam splitter may comprise a polarization splitting coating 71 which serves to linearly polarize the illuminating light, and which also acts as the analyzer for the LCD.
  • the polarizing beam splitter may alternatively be formed from polymer films.
  • optical elements 50 may be used to collimate, diffuse or filter the illumination.
  • Fig. 3 shows a more complex prior art reflective
  • AMLCD system that includes a compact, simple magnifier added to the illuminator system for viewing a magnified image of the display 60
  • U.S. Patent 5,596,451 U.S. Patent 5,596,451
  • a compact system is formed by using a single beam splitter 71 for illuminating and viewing the image from the AMLCD 60.
  • the beam splitter 71 is used for illumination and for viewing, mirror 42, which provides the magnification, is not employed in the illumination system optical path.
  • a lens or mirror to affect vergence of the illumination light is not needed because the light source 34 in this design is a broad area emitter.
  • Collimating illumination optics are generally used in projection systems that employ high intensity lamps and projection lens systems, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,949,503.
  • a portion of the projection optics may be used for illumination.
  • this approach leads to improved illumination uniformity and improved contrast in the projected image.
  • This invention relates to the attainment of an improved illuminating system for reflective liquid crystal displays.
  • the improvement is based on integrating the illumination system with the magnifying system and thus using a single set of optical elements for the two purposes of magnifying the image and illuminating the display.
  • the invention also relates to a system for obtaining high brightness monochrome images which may be applied to reflective or transmissive liquid crystal displays.
  • the invention provides a display illumination and viewing system comprising an illumination optical path and a viewing optical path. At least a portion of the illumination optical path coincides with at least a portion of the viewing optical path to form a coinciding path portion.
  • a display comprising an active matrix liquid crystal display is located at one end of the coinciding path portion.
  • a first lens system is located on the coinciding path portion and provides an image plane on the viewing optical path.
  • a second lens system is located on the viewing optical path.
  • An illumination assembly such as red, green, and blue LEDs, is located on the illumination optical path and off the coinciding path portion.
  • the illumination assembly is spaced from the first lens system by a distance corresponding to the focal length of the first lens system.
  • a reflective and transmissive element such as a beam splitter, is located at an opposite end of the coinciding path portion to reflect light from the illumination assembly onto the coinciding path portion toward the display and to transmit light from the display along the viewing optical path.
  • the present invention provides a collimating illumination system for a head-mounted reflective AMLCD, offering uniform and efficient illumination, with less weight and volume than prior art systems.
  • the image display system is operable in a color mode and a monochrome mode.
  • the display system comprises an active matrix liquid crystal display operable at a determined frame rate comprising sequential loading of red, green, and blue subframes .
  • An illumination source comprising red, green, and blue light sources, such as LEDs, is disposed to illuminate the active matrix liquid crystal display.
  • Illumination circuitry is provided in communication with the illumination source and includes a switch operative to switch the illumination source between the color mode to provide a color display and the monochrome mode to provide a monochrome display. In this manner, the present invention obtains increased brightness by providing the ability to switch the illuminator to a monochrome mode.
  • the invention also provides for adjusting illuminator brightness .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art transmissive active matrix liquid crystal display illumination system
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a prior art reflective active matrix liquid crystal display illumination system
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a prior art reflective active matrix liquid crystal display illumination system with magnifier
  • Fig. 4 is a display system incorporating an illumination system and a viewing system
  • Figs. 5a and 5b are schematic illustrations of the optical principals of a display system according to the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of an optical design of the display system of Figs. 5a and 5b;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of a display system according to the present invention in use with an eyeglass display;
  • Fig. 8 is a block diagram and circuitry of an illumination control system according to the present invention;
  • Fig. 9 is a block diagram and circuitry of a further embodiment of an illumination control system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a block diagram and circuitry of a still further embodiment of an illumination control system according to the present invention
  • Fig. 11 is a block diagram and circuitry of a still further embodiment of an illumination control system according to the present invention.
  • This invention comprises the integration of the viewing optics and the illumination optics in a single or multi-stage optical system.
  • integration we mean that some of the optical elements affecting vergence of rays that are used for the viewing optics also serve to collimate the light in the illumination system, thereby lowering cost, weight and volume.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a display system based on using the prior art collimation system shown in Fig. 2.
  • An illumination system 22 is coupled with a viewing system 23 to provide an image to a viewer.
  • the illumination system comprises red 53, green 54, and blue 55 LEDs, an optional diffuser 49, a Fresnel lens 50, and a polarization beam splitter 71. Illumination from the LEDs passes through the diffuser if employed, and is collimated by the Fresnel lens 50 to uniformly illuminate the AMLCD 60. Light of the reflected polarization is directed to the AMLCD by the beam splitter 71.
  • the AMLCD rotates the polarization of the light at each of its pixels to an angle in accordance with electrical signals representing the image. Rays pass from the illumination stage 22 to the magnification stage 23, and are then viewed through the lenses 150 and 160. Any number of optical surfaces may be used to magnify the image and to correct aberrations; for simplicity we have represented the lens surfaces by the singlet lenses 150 and 160. In practice, these lenses 150, 160 may each be achromatic doublet or triplet lenses, aspheres, or more complex combinations of surfaces .
  • FIGs. 5a and 5b illustrate the optical principal of this invention.
  • a reflective AMLCD 60 is viewed through a lens system that has two stages of magnification, represented by lens system 150 and lens system 160.
  • a viewing path is defined from the AMLCD 60 through the lens system 150 and lens system 160 to a user's eye.
  • Each lens system is characterized by a focal length, f.
  • f focal length
  • lens system 150 forms an intermediate image plane as shown between 150 and 160; the position of this plane is given by Newton's lens equation or its equivalents, which are well known in the art.
  • lens system 160 If lens system 160 is placed at a distance from the image plane equal to its focal length, the user perceives an image at infinity.
  • the position of lens 160 may be varied to change the distance of the virtual image.
  • the magnification of the system is given by the product of the magnification of the two stages, as is well known in the art.
  • Figs. 5a and 5b also show the insertion of a reflective and transmissive element, for example, a beam splitter 200 in between lens systems 150 and 160.
  • the beam splitter may be a polarization beam splitter made by vacuum deposition of thin film multilayers as is known in the art, or made by polymer techniques (such products are offered by 3M for example) , or it may be a vacuum-deposited thin metal film with approximately 50% transmission (a half silvered mirror) .
  • a polarization beam splitting cube may be used. Referring to Fig. 5b, it can be seen that the purpose of the beam splitter 200 is to reflect light from an illumination source, such as LED lamp 100, which may be a multi-color lamp comprising red, green and blue LEDs used in field sequential color illuminators, into the optical path.
  • the path between the LED lamp 100 and the AMLCD 60 defines an illumination path. It can be seen that the illumination path coincides with a portion of the viewing path. If the LED is placed at a distance from lens system 150 equal to the focal length f 2 of lens system 150 (shown as the distance a+b in Fig. 5b), then
  • Diffusers and other optical elements may be used between the LED and the beam splitter to homogenize the light incident on the AMLCD or to develop an extended light source in accordance with the viewing requirements of the complete system.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates an example of an optical design based on this principal.
  • the lens surfaces 150, 160 are aspheres known in the art and represented by the equation: cr z : + 2 -r 4 + 3 -r 6 + 4 • r ⁇
  • FIG. 7 illustrates how the invention can be used in an eyeglass display of the type described m U.S. Patent 5,886,822.
  • a housing 170 for a reflective display 60 and magnifying lens system 150 is placed in proximity to an eyeglass lens 210.
  • the display 60 is illuminated by a light source 100.
  • Lens system 150 projects an image plane at the entrance pupil of the optical system in lens 210.
  • Lens 210 with a magnifying internal optical relay formed by lens 220, polarization beam splitter 240, quarter wave plate 260, and concave mirror 250 provide an image to the eye of the user which is perceived as originating in front of the lens 210 at a comfortable distance.
  • the image source we have referred to the image source as an LED or array of LEDs, since LEDs are a common light source in these displays.
  • illumination sources including lasers, an optical fiber delivering light from a remote source, or other lamps.
  • this invention also includes a method for implementing a high brightness monochrome mode, which involves powering the red, green, and blue LEDs simultaneously at up to 100% duty cycle.
  • the LEDs 301, 302, 303 are turned on continuously without any change to the frame rate of the AMLCD using switch 300. Continuous and simultaneous illumination of all three LEDs results in the portrayal of the image as black and white, and with the white being much brighter than any color that would be developed from sequential LED flashes of red, green, and blue.
  • Simultaneous illumination can be attained by employing a switch 300, as shown in Fig. 8 applied to the illuminator power circuit.
  • the LEDs are connected to the sequential color drive circuit in the backlight controller.
  • the LEDs are connected to a current source.
  • Fig. 8 shows the current source comprising V DD , the LEDs 301, 302, 303, current-limiting series resistors 311, 312, 313, and ground; however, other circuits may be used to provide current to the LEDs.
  • the switch 300 provides current to the LEDs continuously and simultaneously, so that at least triple the duty cycle for each LED is obtained.
  • the technique may be applied to transmissive AMLCD illuminators (Fig. 1) or to reflective AMLCD illuminators (Fig. 2) .
  • a switch 350 is used to provide a logic input to the display controller 330 to control the LEDs.
  • the display controller 330 supplies illumination signals along paths 319 to the LEDs through OR gates 304, 305 and 306.
  • Logic output from the OR gates is applied to the gates of the control transistors 307, 308, 309 which enables current to flow through the LEDs in correspondence with the logic signal supplied on the paths 319.
  • the switch 350 is used to select the operating mode of the illuminator. In the left position (ground) , the inputs of the OR gates are held to ground, allowing the control signals on paths 319 to have full authority over the control of the LEDs.
  • the OR gate inputs 321, 322, and 323 are held at V DD meaning that the output of the OR gates is held high, and the LEDs are consequently continuously illuminated, regardless of the signals on paths 319. If switch 350 is in the far right position, the lines 321, 322, 323 are held at a value established by the logic within the display controller, or by an alternative logic path (not shown) from another control circuit.
  • a third embodiment (Fig. 10) comprises a switch 310 that also provides a logic signal path 320 to the AMLCD display controller.
  • the logic signal on line 320 signifies the selection by the user of the high brightness monochrome mode. This signal enables the controller logic to reduce power consumption in memory and elsewhere and to adjust the signal to use the optimal balance of red, green, and blue information from which to construct a monochrome image.
  • a further improvement to this invention comprises a circuit that allows the microprocessor to select the background color.
  • the microprocessor to select the background color.
  • a high brightness black and white display as previously described.
  • any backlight color may be attained.
  • Black and white may be used as the primary high brightness illumination, but if the application running on the computer so selects, the background color can be switched to, for example, red to indicate a warning in black and red. This is obtained by powering only the red LED.
  • the LEDs do not have to be illuminated continuously in monochrome mode, or for their full duty cycle in color mode.
  • the logic devices described above can be used to provide reduced duty cycles to affect reduced brightness in either monochrome or color mode.
  • Fig. 12 shows a diagram of how such brightness control can be attained.
  • the signal to illuminate one of the LEDs originates at the display controller 330.
  • a pulse is provided simultaneously to a one shot multivibrator 400 by path 451.
  • the signal to illuminate LED 303 passes from the display controller 330 through the OR gate 306 and is passed to an AND gate 403.
  • the AND gate passes the illumination signal only for the time that the pulse 420 is present.
  • This pulse 420 is initiated by multivibrator 400 upon receipt of the initiating pulse from line 451.
  • the duration of the pulse is controlled by the setting of the potentiometer 410, under the control of the user of the system.
  • the pulse width time is t
  • the corresponding AND gate is held open for a corresponding time, t
  • the LED is illuminated for the time t.
  • the width of the pulse from multivibrator 400 exerts control over the duty cycle of the LEDs and hence brightness.
  • Fig. 11 shows that the signal from the AND gate passes through a series resistor 413 which controls the current through the matched pair of field effect transistors 460.
  • the pulse width, t may also be controlled by logic signals that can be applied by the display controller, or that can be applied to the one-shot multivibrator through an additional logic path (not shown) .
  • the illumination circuits shown in Figs. 8 through 12 may be implemented in discrete logic devices, in a programmable logic device, or in a custom integrated circuit. Alternatively, the circuits may also be integrated within the display controller. The circuits may be configured to control alternative illumination sources such as laser diodes.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de visualisation et d'éclairage d'affichage (figure 4) présente une trajectoire optique d'éclairage et une trajectoire optique de visualisation qui correspondent sur une partie de leurs longueurs. Un affichage (60) est placé à une extrémité de la partie de trajectoire correspondante. Un premier système de lentille est placé sur la partie de trajectoire correspondante et un deuxième système de lentille est placé sur la trajectoire optique de visualisation. Un ensemble d'éclairage est placé sur la trajectoire optique d'éclairage et en dehors de la partie de trajectoire correspondante. L'ensemble d'éclairage est espacé du premier système de lentille par une distance correspondant à une distance focale du premier système de lentille. Un élément de transmission et de réflexion est placé au niveau d'une extrémité opposée de la partie de trajectoire correspondante pour réfléchir la lumière à partir de l'ensemble d'éclairage sur la partie de trajectoire correspondante et pour transmettre la lumière à partir de l'affichage le long de la trajectoire optique de visualisation. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le système d'affichage d'image peut fonctionner en mode couleur et en mode monochrome. Des circuits d'éclairage (figures 8-11) communique avec une source d'éclairage et comprend un commutateur permettant de commuter la source d'éclairage entre le mode couleur pour fournir un affichage couleur et le mode monochrome pour fournir un affichage monochrome.
EP00937883A 1999-06-21 2000-05-30 Systemes d'eclairage pour systemes d'affichage de lunettes et masques faciaux Withdrawn EP1196808A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14032799P 1999-06-21 1999-06-21
US140327P 1999-06-21
PCT/US2000/014712 WO2000079328A1 (fr) 1999-06-21 2000-05-30 Systemes d'eclairage pour systemes d'affichage de lunettes et masques faciaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1196808A1 EP1196808A1 (fr) 2002-04-17
EP1196808A4 true EP1196808A4 (fr) 2008-07-23

Family

ID=22490742

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00937883A Withdrawn EP1196808A4 (fr) 1999-06-21 2000-05-30 Systemes d'eclairage pour systemes d'affichage de lunettes et masques faciaux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1196808A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP5254513B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2375437A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000079328A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL157373A0 (en) * 2003-08-12 2009-02-11 Electro Optics Ind Ltd Projecting reticle image
US7233310B2 (en) 2003-08-12 2007-06-19 Research In Motion Limited Monochromatic field sequential liquid crystal display
US20050140573A1 (en) * 2003-12-01 2005-06-30 Andrew Riser Image display system and method for head-supported viewing system
EP2577379A2 (fr) * 2010-05-26 2013-04-10 Johnson Controls GmbH Dispositif d'affichage, en particulier dispositif d'affichage à tête haute d'un véhicule
JP2019505843A (ja) 2016-01-22 2019-02-28 コーニング インコーポレイテッド 広視野パーソナル表示装置
US10976551B2 (en) 2017-08-30 2021-04-13 Corning Incorporated Wide field personal display device
KR102578724B1 (ko) 2017-11-06 2023-09-13 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 표시장치

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EP0426497A2 (fr) * 1989-11-03 1991-05-08 Gec-Marconi Limited Afficheur monté sur un casque
US5541745A (en) * 1994-01-25 1996-07-30 Fergason; James L. Illumination system for a display using cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors
US5606458A (en) * 1994-08-24 1997-02-25 Fergason; James L. Head mounted display and viewing system using a remote retro-reflector and method of displaying and viewing an image
US5631750A (en) * 1990-11-28 1997-05-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Scattering type liquid crystal device
WO1999032921A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Lambent Llc Dispositif d'affichage pour projecteur et procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un dispositif d'affichage

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JP2570656Y2 (ja) * 1992-09-28 1998-05-06 横河電機株式会社 液晶ディスプレイ装置
JPH07218861A (ja) * 1994-02-09 1995-08-18 Canon Inc 画像表示装置
US5808589A (en) * 1994-08-24 1998-09-15 Fergason; James L. Optical system for a head mounted display combining high and low resolution images
US5626410A (en) * 1995-09-20 1997-05-06 Palomar Technologies Corporation Rear projection screen with uniform brightness for tiling the images from an array of projectors
JPH11133316A (ja) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-21 Sony Corp 接眼レンズおよび虚像提供装置

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EP0426497A2 (fr) * 1989-11-03 1991-05-08 Gec-Marconi Limited Afficheur monté sur un casque
US5631750A (en) * 1990-11-28 1997-05-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Scattering type liquid crystal device
US5541745A (en) * 1994-01-25 1996-07-30 Fergason; James L. Illumination system for a display using cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors
US5606458A (en) * 1994-08-24 1997-02-25 Fergason; James L. Head mounted display and viewing system using a remote retro-reflector and method of displaying and viewing an image
WO1999032921A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Lambent Llc Dispositif d'affichage pour projecteur et procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un dispositif d'affichage

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Title
See also references of WO0079328A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2375437A1 (fr) 2000-12-28
WO2000079328A1 (fr) 2000-12-28
EP1196808A1 (fr) 2002-04-17
JP2003502712A (ja) 2003-01-21
WO2000079328A8 (fr) 2001-04-19
JP5254513B2 (ja) 2013-08-07

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