EP1193317A1 - Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Ladungen von metallischen Werkstücken - Google Patents

Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Ladungen von metallischen Werkstücken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1193317A1
EP1193317A1 EP00203331A EP00203331A EP1193317A1 EP 1193317 A1 EP1193317 A1 EP 1193317A1 EP 00203331 A EP00203331 A EP 00203331A EP 00203331 A EP00203331 A EP 00203331A EP 1193317 A1 EP1193317 A1 EP 1193317A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
installation according
installation
airlock
tunnel
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00203331A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1193317B1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Spérisen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Patherm SA
Original Assignee
Patherm SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patherm SA filed Critical Patherm SA
Priority to EP00203331A priority Critical patent/EP1193317B1/de
Priority to AT00203331T priority patent/ATE272128T1/de
Priority to DE60012529T priority patent/DE60012529T2/de
Publication of EP1193317A1 publication Critical patent/EP1193317A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1193317B1 publication Critical patent/EP1193317B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B19/00—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group
    • F27B19/02—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group combined in one structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
    • F27B2017/0091—Series of chambers, e.g. associated in their use

Definitions

  • the first type includes the so-called chamber furnaces (batch) which include a treatment oven and a quenching tank, generally for oil.
  • a treatment oven and a quenching tank, generally for oil.
  • the load of the parts treated in the oven is transferred above the quenching tank through a cell, then immersed in the quenching fluid by means of an elevator placed inside the quenching tank .
  • the oven-quenching binome is fixed and it is not possible to have several ovens serving the same quenching tank, or a oven serving several quenching or cooling tanks; on the other hand, for large loads, of the order of 1 m 3 , the temperature uniformity is poor (deviations of +/- 10 ° C) because the heating is distributed only on two sides of the load rectangular because of the mechanization means including in particular side doors.
  • the second type includes bell furnaces multi-treatments, which allow the direct transfer of the load from the treatment furnace in the quench tank without the need for an intermediate cell. Mechanization is typically done by moving the oven (s) above the quench tank (s) required, or vice versa, as seen in particular in patent applications EP 785 402 and EP 995 805.
  • the third type includes various installations presenting sets ovens and tubs and mechanical means for moving the charge (s) between these elements, for example by means of a carriage provided with a closed enclosure according to patent application DE 30 31 660.
  • None of these installations responds to all of the goals set out below.
  • Processing elements include a row of multiple ovens, multiple cooling chambers, an entry airlock and an exit airlock, which are all mounted on the top wall of a transfer tunnel and each have an opening lower to communicate with the tunnel. This opening is closed by a removable cap which supports each part to be treated, this cap being transported from one element to another with the part.
  • the top of each airlock opens upwards for the entry and exit of parts, which are then handled by a crane.
  • a trolley is movable horizontally in the tunnel to transport the installed parts on the plugs passing under the treatment elements and airlocks.
  • the vertical movement of parts and plugs between the carriage and the interior of the other elements of the installation are made by means of piston elevators, which are installed under the tunnel and pass through a central hole in the cart. So there is a elevator for each oven, room or airlock.
  • the structure of this known installation has several drawbacks: very large vertical footprint, because of its three levels to which is added the upper clearance required for entry and exit of rooms; disposition buried elevators; heavy structure to support ovens at height; heavy mechanism to block and support the stopper carrying the part in each processing element. This results in a high construction cost.
  • An object of the invention is to have a heat treatment installation which optimizes to a large extent the parameters or constraints following.
  • the installation must allow one or more ovens to be combined with one or more quenching or cooling tanks and performing load transfers freely between these elements.
  • the installation must allow on the same basis integrate different types of ovens known to date (with temperatures ranging up to 1300 ° C) and different types of quenching or cooling means (water, oil, molten salts, fluidized baths, gases, etc.).
  • the installation must be able to include ovens making it possible to comply with all configurations of temperature tolerances from +/- 5 ° C at worst, so that meet current requirements for quality treatment.
  • the installation must be able to include quenching or cooling tanks without integrated elevators, to reduce the manufacturing cost and have more great freedom of construction.
  • the installation must allow handling loads of several tonnes without difficulties and without additional cost other than the conventional dimensioning of the organs.
  • the installation must be able to be installed in integrated workshops, i.e. all the effluents from the installation must be capable of being captured and channeled in such a way operators are not hindered by the release of vapors or flames.
  • the installation must be able to handle heavy loads (from 1 to several tonnes) and large volumes (up to several m 3 ).
  • Installation must be economical, simple and easy to build can be automated using a programmable controller.
  • an installation according to the invention is of the type defined in the claim 1.
  • the airlock can even be designed as a mobile element capable of transporting an open load to a other work station.
  • the supporting structure of the transfer tunnel can be relatively light, to support mainly the trolley and a load hanging on it.
  • the closure of the passages between the tunnel of transfer and the other elements can be done by means of doors relatively light, which can open in the tunnel itself, which is an advantage notable which will be highlighted later.
  • the use of elements of top opening treatment provides significant functional benefits, especially with regard to the versatility of the installation and the quality of the treatments possible, thanks to the free choice of the most efficient treatment elements.
  • the heat treatment installation illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises two juxtaposed treatment elements, namely an oven 1 and a quenching cell 2 liquid.
  • An entry and exit airlock 3 is arranged in alignment with the elements 1 and 2 and rests like them on a horizontal floor 4 which supports the installation.
  • These three elements are arranged to each receive a load 5 of metal parts to treat. They are surmounted by a transfer tunnel intended to pass the loads 5 from one to the other without exposing the load or the interior of the processing elements 1 and 2 to the outside atmosphere.
  • the tunnel 6 has a sealed envelope 7 and contains means for handling loads, comprising a carriage 8 provided lifting means and capable of traveling along a horizontal track 9 to be selectively place above each of elements 1 to 3.
  • Each load 5 of parts comprises a parts support frame, to which the lifting means may hang in a manner which will be described later.
  • Figures 1 to 3 only the lower plate 11 and a suspension member 12 of this chassis.
  • a load 5 can typically have a shape cylindrical about 1 m in diameter and 2 m high, for a weight of about 2000 kg. Other dimensions are obviously possible.
  • the treatment oven 1 is here a pot oven, that is to say that it contains a pot metallic 14 forming an enclosure around the load 5.
  • the pot is surrounded electric heating elements 15 surrounded by an insulating enclosure 16.
  • the bottom of the oven contains a stirring assembly 17 constituted by a blower rotor 18 actuated by an electric motor 19.
  • the circulation of gases is ensured by walls of flow guidance 20.
  • the pot is closed at its base by a removable plate 21 and its upper edge is fixed to the enclosure 16 by means of support members not represented.
  • the load 5 rests on supports 22 arranged in the lower part from the oven. It is conceivable that these supports are integral with the pot 14 or the closure plate 21.
  • the load 5 is suspended from supports arranged in the upper part of the pot 14.
  • the upper opening of the oven is tightly closed by a movable plug 24 preferably pivotally mounted about an axis 25, of so as to open and close while remaining within the volume defined by the oven 1 and the transfer tunnel 6.
  • the furnace 1 is tightly connected to the tunnel of transfer 6, for example by means of a flange 26. It is also possible to provide a flexible collar to accommodate expansion between the oven and the tunnel.
  • the transfer tunnel 6 is in the form of a cylindrical tube or cuboid.
  • the lifting means incorporated in the industrial truck 8 to raise and lower the load 5 to the treatment elements 1 and 2 and the airlock 3 may include a conventional mechanism, for example a winch 28, a deformable parallelogram or chain, and be powered by a motor electric or pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders. These lifting means carry a gripping device 30 arranged to cooperate with the attachment member 12 of the load.
  • the horizontal movement of the carriage 8 on the track 9 is effected by conventional drive means, for example a rack and a motor electric step by step.
  • the gripping device 30 fitted to the carriage 8 takes charge 5 at any station in the installation, transport it suspended and drop off at another station. Its actuation can be electric, pneumatic or hydraulic. It can be done in different ways to cooperate with the attachment members 12 of the chassis supporting the load 5, for example a clamp axial gripping a stud arranged on the load, a locking mechanism of the bayonet type by angular rotation of the gripping device 30, a mechanism with pawls, etc. A particularly advantageous embodiment will be described below. of the gripping device 30 with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the industrial truck can be equipped with screens thermals 31 which laterally surround the load 5 to limit the loss of temperature by radiation when the charge is transferred from oven 1 to the cell quench 2.
  • the quenching cell 2 represented in FIG. 1 comprises an open tank 32 upwards and containing the quenching liquid, a support 33 on which the load 5 is placed, and a device 34 for stirring the quenching liquid, comprising a propeller driven by a submerged electric motor 35.
  • the circulation of the liquid is conducted by guide walls 36. It is obviously possible to envisage other devices agitation of the quenching medium, such as circulation pumps or deported propellers.
  • the quench cell 2 is typically equipped with a heat exchanger (not shown) for cooling the quench liquid, heating means (not shown) such as electric heaters immersed in liquid, level detectors and / or level compensation, quick drain valve, etc. Note that all the aforementioned organs are advantageously close to the ground 4. Furthermore, depending on the nature and temperature of the quenching liquid, the tank 32 can be isolated thermally.
  • the upper opening of the quench cell 2 is connected so sealed to the transfer tunnel 6 by a flange 37 and thus forms a passage for the loads 5. It can be sealed with a door 38 sliding or pivoting. In the present example, the door 38 slides horizontally inside the tunnel 6 to an open position 38a drawn in broken lines. This allows the quenching cell 2 to be dismantled or replaced without stopping the oven 1.
  • the transfer tunnel 6 is provided with a outlet duct 40, in the form of a nozzle or a chimney which guides the emanations to a reprocessing device 41 where they are purified before being recycled or disposed of outside.
  • the airlock 43 shown in Figure 1 is fixed and tightly coupled to the transfer tunnel 6 through an opening defined by a flange 40. This opening can be sealed by a tilting door 41 disposed in the tunnel and whose open position 41a is drawn in broken lines.
  • the mechanical means for actuating the plug 24 and the doors 38 and 41 are advantageously arranged inside the transfer tunnel 6.
  • the airlock 5 is provided with a side door 42 allowing the entry and exit of a load 5 when door 41 is closed.
  • the airlock preferably has a shape cylindrical to receive a load of the same shape.
  • the side door 42 can then advantageously open by sliding along the peripheral enclosure 43 of the airlock.
  • the seal between the door 42 and the enclosure can be ensured for example at by means of an inflatable seal. This arrangement is particularly economical and allows to limit the space related to the opening of the door.
  • FIG. 3 represents a variant in which the airlock 43 is mobile, by example for transporting each load 5 between the heat treatment installation and loading / unloading stations.
  • the airlock 43 is mounted on a carriage 44 fitted with wheels 45 which allow the airlock to be moved below the transfer tunnel 6 and to another station.
  • the mobile airlock 43 has only one opening upper 46 for the passage of loads 5.
  • the seal between the airlock 43 and the tunnel transfer 6 is preferably carried out by means of a flange 47 movable in height, which rests on a seal 48 disposed on the airlock.
  • the mechanism controlling the raising and lowering of the flange 47 is arranged in the tunnel 6.
  • the race of the flange 47 is typically a few centimeters only. You can perform a purge operation by vacuum or by gas inert. Then we can open the door 41 and the handling cart 8 can come enter the load 5 in the airlock to bring it for example to the oven 1. The operations of exit of a load from tunnel 6 is done identically, but in order reverse.
  • FIG 3 there is shown schematically in broken lines a second position of the mobile airlock 43a, where we see that the introduction of a charge into the airlock from a position 5a, or the extraction of a load located in the airlock, takes place vertically as indicated by the double arrow F.
  • This operation is carried out by means of a conventional lifting device and is not more cumbersome in height than the transfer tunnel 6.
  • the upper opening of the mobile airlock 43 is fitted with a sliding door. This allows the airlock to be purged without being connected to the transfer tunnel 6. Meanwhile, a second airlock could be used mobile to introduce a load of coins into the tunnel.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 schematically represent an embodiment advantageous of the gripping device 30 with which the carriage 8 is equipped for gripping and carrying a load 5 of parts to be treated.
  • the load support frame has a parallelepiped shape and has four uprights 51 connecting the plate lower 11 to upper horizontal crosspieces 52.
  • the gripping device 30 comprises for example four suspension hooks 54, integral with each others and vertically mobile thanks to the lifting means incorporated in the carriage 8.
  • the hooks 54 are lowered as indicated by the arrows A, then moved together horizontally by moving the carriage 8 on its track 9, as indicated by arrows B, until they are under the respective crosspieces 52.
  • the hooks 54 are then reassembled by the means of lifting the carriage to lift the load 5. Reverse movements will be to unhook the load once it has been dropped off at its destination in one of the processing elements or in the airlock.
  • Figure 6 schematically shows in plan another embodiment of the gripping device 30, hooking the load 5 in the manner of a device bayonet.
  • the frame supporting the plate 11 and the parts to treat has a triangular shape in plan, with three uprights 51 whose vertices are connected by three horizontal crosspieces 52.
  • the gripping device 30 comprises in this case a vertical central column 55 moved vertically by the means of lifting of the carriage and able to pivot around its vertical axis.
  • the end bottom of column 55 is provided with three horizontal arms 56 offset angularly 120 °.
  • each arm 56 can be brought into a position 56a, to hang each cross member 52 from below and thus allow the load using column 55.
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents an embodiment of a installation according to the invention comprising a plurality of treatment elements associated with a transfer tunnel 6 and an entry / exit airlock 3, as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2.
  • This installation may include, for example, on a single row, two austenitization and case hardening furnaces 61, two furnaces 62 for nitriding, nitrocarburization, tempering or annealing, an oil quenching cell 63, a salt quenching cell 64 and an atmosphere cooling chamber 65 controlled, in particular under inert gas, under pressure or at atmospheric pressure.
  • Each load 5 of parts to be treated is transported between the airlock 3 and the different treatment elements 61 to 65 by the handling trolley 8 in the atmosphere transfer tunnel 6.
  • the treatment plant has a space requirement minimum, in particular in height since it occupies only two levels and can therefore take place in a height-limited building.
  • an installation according to the invention is not limited to a single row of processing elements, insofar as the means of handling arranged in the transfer tunnel 6 can also be designed to move the loads 5 in a transverse direction.
  • the handling truck 8 with a third axis of movement, perpendicular to the axis of track 9, to allow it to serve elements of treatment or airlocks arranged side by side.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP00203331A 2000-09-27 2000-09-27 Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Ladungen von metallischen Werkstücken Expired - Lifetime EP1193317B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00203331A EP1193317B1 (de) 2000-09-27 2000-09-27 Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Ladungen von metallischen Werkstücken
AT00203331T ATE272128T1 (de) 2000-09-27 2000-09-27 Wärmebehandlungsanlage für ladungen von metallischen werkstücken
DE60012529T DE60012529T2 (de) 2000-09-27 2000-09-27 Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Ladungen von metallischen Werkstücken

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00203331A EP1193317B1 (de) 2000-09-27 2000-09-27 Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Ladungen von metallischen Werkstücken

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1193317A1 true EP1193317A1 (de) 2002-04-03
EP1193317B1 EP1193317B1 (de) 2004-07-28

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EP00203331A Expired - Lifetime EP1193317B1 (de) 2000-09-27 2000-09-27 Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Ladungen von metallischen Werkstücken

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EP (1) EP1193317B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE272128T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60012529T2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1323995A2 (de) * 2001-12-26 2003-07-02 Nitrex Metal Inc Mehrkammer Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009041927B4 (de) * 2009-09-17 2015-08-06 Hanomag Härtecenter GmbH Verfahren zur Niederdruckaufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE720924C (de) * 1937-01-05 1942-05-19 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Brennen von keramischen Rohren, Staeben o. dgl.
US3926415A (en) * 1974-01-23 1975-12-16 Park Ohio Industries Inc Method and apparatus for carbonizing and degassing workpieces
US5402994A (en) * 1992-01-15 1995-04-04 Aichelin Gmbh Device for heat-treating metal workpieces
EP0785402A1 (de) * 1996-01-17 1997-07-23 Pierre Beuret Wärmebehandlungsanalage für eine Ladung aus metallischen Stücken
EP0893510A1 (de) * 1997-07-21 1999-01-27 Refrattari Brebbia S.r.l. Selbsttätig arbeitende Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Metalle, insbesondere für Stähle
US6065964A (en) * 1997-12-02 2000-05-23 Etudes Et Constructions Mecaniques Modular vacuum thermal processing installation

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE720924C (de) * 1937-01-05 1942-05-19 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Brennen von keramischen Rohren, Staeben o. dgl.
US3926415A (en) * 1974-01-23 1975-12-16 Park Ohio Industries Inc Method and apparatus for carbonizing and degassing workpieces
US5402994A (en) * 1992-01-15 1995-04-04 Aichelin Gmbh Device for heat-treating metal workpieces
EP0785402A1 (de) * 1996-01-17 1997-07-23 Pierre Beuret Wärmebehandlungsanalage für eine Ladung aus metallischen Stücken
EP0893510A1 (de) * 1997-07-21 1999-01-27 Refrattari Brebbia S.r.l. Selbsttätig arbeitende Wärmebehandlungsanlage für Metalle, insbesondere für Stähle
US6065964A (en) * 1997-12-02 2000-05-23 Etudes Et Constructions Mecaniques Modular vacuum thermal processing installation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1323995A2 (de) * 2001-12-26 2003-07-02 Nitrex Metal Inc Mehrkammer Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung
EP1323995A3 (de) * 2001-12-26 2003-11-05 Nitrex Metal Inc Mehrkammer Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung
US6902635B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2005-06-07 Nitrex Metal Inc. Multi-cell thermal processing unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE272128T1 (de) 2004-08-15
DE60012529T2 (de) 2005-08-04
DE60012529D1 (de) 2004-09-02
EP1193317B1 (de) 2004-07-28

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