EP1187972A1 - Electromagnetic actuator and method for adjusting said electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents
Electromagnetic actuator and method for adjusting said electromagnetic actuatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1187972A1 EP1187972A1 EP00942017A EP00942017A EP1187972A1 EP 1187972 A1 EP1187972 A1 EP 1187972A1 EP 00942017 A EP00942017 A EP 00942017A EP 00942017 A EP00942017 A EP 00942017A EP 1187972 A1 EP1187972 A1 EP 1187972A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- springs
- spring
- armature
- electromagnetic actuator
- electromagnets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
Definitions
- Electromagnetic actuator and method for adjusting the electromagnetic actuator are Electromagnetic actuator and method for adjusting the electromagnetic actuator
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for adjusting an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of patent claim 6.
- An electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas exchange valve in an internal combustion engine is known from DE 1 96 31 909 A1.
- the actuator comprises two electromagnets which are arranged at a distance from one another and an armature which is operatively connected to the gas exchange valve and which can be moved back and forth by magnetic force between the electromagnets against the force of two springs acting counter to one another.
- the actuator also has adjusting means with which the position of the armature is set to the geometric middle position between the two end positions of the armature when the electromagnet is de-energized.
- a disadvantage here is the high dependency of the energy requirement of the actuator on manufacturing tolerances.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1, the energy requirement of which depends little on manufacturing tolerances.
- the invention is also based on the object of specifying a method according to the preamble of claim 6, by means of which the dependence of the energy requirement of the actuator on manufacturing tolerances is minimized.
- the object is achieved in an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1 by the characterizing features of the claim 1 and solved in a method according to the preamble of claim 7 by the characterizing features of claim 7.
- the springs are preloaded such that the same energy is stored in both springs when the springs are compressed by a spring path, which is predetermined by the limited stroke of the armature.
- a spring path which is predetermined by the limited stroke of the armature.
- At least one of the springs preferably has a non-linear spring characteristic, advantageously a characteristic with a maximum value when the armature is located between the electromagnets. Due to the non-linear spring characteristic of one or both springs, it is ensured on the one hand that the armature is accelerated with large forces, which results in a high switching frequency, and on the other hand, this means that small forces act in the end positions of the armature, so that the energy requirement of the actuator for holding the armature in its end positions is low.
- the course of the spring force is measured for each spring, which results when the respective spring is compressed by a spring travel corresponding to the stroke of the armature.
- the energy which is stored in the spring due to the compression of the respective spring is determined from the measured courses of the spring forces. Then the Biasing of one or both springs is set such that the same energy is stored in both springs.
- the actuator can be adjusted during manufacture of the actuator, but adjustment during operation is also conceivable in order to compensate for changes in operating variables, such as can occur due to temperature effects, wear or aging.
- FIG. 1 an electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas exchange valve in an internal combustion engine
- FIG. 2 shows a first force-displacement diagram with spring characteristics
- Figure 3 shows a second force-displacement diagram with spring characteristics.
- the actuator according to the invention comprises a tappet 4, which acts with a gas exchange valve 5, an armature 1 fastened with the tappet 4 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tappet, and an acting as a closing magnet
- the electromagnets 2, 3 each have an excitation coil 20 or 30 and opposite pole faces.
- Armature 1 reciprocates along a stroke path limited by the electromagnets 2, 3 between the electromagnets 2, 3.
- a spring arrangement with a first spring 61 acting on the armature 1 in the opening direction and a second spring 62 acting on the armature 1 in the closing direction cause the armature 1 to be held in a state of equilibrium between the electromagnets 2, 3 when the excitation coils 20, 30 are de-energized becomes.
- adjusting means 71, 72 are provided for setting the prestresses of the springs 61, 62.
- the adjusting means 71, 72 can be designed, for example, as disks, which bring about compression of the springs 71, 72 and thus the pretension of the respective spring 71, 72 pretend. However, they can also be designed to be controllable and enable the pretension to be varied continuously
- one of the electromagnets 2, 3 is energized, ie switched on, by applying an excitation voltage to the corresponding excitation coil 20 or 30, or a start-up routine is initiated by which the armature 1 is initially energized alternately by the electromagnets 2, 3 in Vibration is offset in order to strike the pole face of the closing magnet 2 or the pole face of the opening magnet 3 after a settling time.
- the armature 1 When the gas exchange valve 5 is closed, the armature 1 bears against the pole face of the closing magnet 3, as shown in FIG. 1, and it is held in this position - the upper end position - as long as the closing magnet 3 is energized.
- the closing magnet 3 turned off and then the opening magnet 2 turned on.
- the first spring 61 acting in the opening direction accelerates the armature 1 beyond the rest position.
- the opening magnet 2, which is now energized, additionally supplies the armature 1 with kinetic energy, so that despite any frictional losses it reaches the pole face of the opening magnet 2 and there - at the lower end position, which is indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1 - until the opening magnet 2 is switched off is held.
- the opening magnet 2 is switched off and the closing magnet 3 is then switched on again.
- the armature 1 is thus moved by the second spring 62 to the closing magnet 3 and is held there on the pole face thereof.
- the courses of the spring forces of the two springs 61, 62, that is. of the forces with which the springs 61, 62 act on the armature 1 are dependent on the armature position I and can be described on the basis of spring characteristics.
- the spring characteristic of the first spring 61 is designated F1 and the spring characteristic of the second spring 62 never denotes F2.
- the force of the first spring 61 initially increases from a holding value F1 1 to a maximum value F1 3, which is reached at the armature position Ix, and then increases to drop an end value F10 which is below the holding value F1 1 and which is reached at the armature position Im, ie when the armature 1 is applied to the opening magnet 2.
- the spring force of the second spring 62 increases monotonically but non-linearly from an end value F20 which acts in the upper end position of the armature 1 to a holding value F21 which is reached in the lower end position of the armature 1.
- the final values F10, F20 indicate the preload of the respective spring 61 or 62; they are set such that the area A1 under the spring characteristic F1 is equal to the area A2 under the spring characteristic F2.
- the areas A1 and A2 correspond to the energy that is stored in the respective spring 61, 62 when it is compressed due to the armature movement.
- the two spring characteristics 61, 62 intersect at a point that specifies the energetic central position le of the armature 1; this energetic middle position le, which the armature 1 assumes when the electromagnets 2, 3 are de-energized, generally does not match the geometric middle position between the electromagnets 2, 3 in the case of springs with different spring characteristics.
- the main advantage of the first spring 61 is that, on the one hand, owing to the maximum value F1 3 of its spring characteristic F1, it is able to store so much energy despite the low holding value F1 1 that the armature 1 when the first spring 61 is released at high speed is moved, which leads to short switching times. On the other hand, due to the low holding value F1 1, the current requirement for
- the spring characteristic F2 of the second spring 62 initially has a decreasing profile with increasing distance I between armature 1 and closing magnet 2, then an increasing profile and then a decreasing profile again.
- the areas A1, A2 under the spring characteristics F1, F2 of the springs 61, 62 are again the same size.
- the difference ⁇ F between the two spring characteristics F1, F2, ie the resulting force acting on the armature 1 is large for a large range of the distance I between the armature 1 and the closing magnet 3 .
- the gas exchange valve 5 can also be opened against an internal combustion chamber pressure, ie.
- the actuator is adjusted before the actuator is installed in the internal combustion engine.
- the preload of the second spring 62 is first set to the final value F20, at which a reliable closing of the gas exchange valve 5 is ensured.
- the second spring 62 is compressed by the spring travel corresponding to the stroke Im of the armature 1 and the course of the spring force that results is measured in sections and integrated in sections over the spring travel. The result of this integration corresponds to the energy which is stored in the second spring 62.
- the spring force can be measured using a load cell or a dial gauge.
- the energy which is stored in the first spring 61 when the armature 1 is moved from its lower end position into its upper end position is determined in the same way, namely by measuring the course of the spring force of the first spring 61 and by integrating this course over the spring travel by which the first spring 61 is compressed.
- the energy values determined in this way are then compared with one another and the pretensioning of the first spring 61 is set such that the same energy is stored in the two springs 61, 61 when they are compressed by the stroke Im.
- the actuator is only installed in the internal combustion engine after this setting.
- the actuator is adjusted before it is started up.
- the adjusting means are designed to be controllable and the courses of the spring forces are measured with measuring means on which the springs act, for example with pressure sensors, in particular with piezocrystals.
- the actuating means are then controlled as a function of the measured spring forces by control means such that the same energy is stored in both springs when the springs 61, 62 are compressed as much as possible during operation.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19927823 | 1999-06-18 | ||
DE19927823A DE19927823B4 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 1999-06-18 | Electromagnetic actuator and method for adjusting the electromagnetic actuator |
PCT/EP2000/005210 WO2000079106A1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-06-07 | Electromagnetic actuator and method for adjusting said electromagnetic actuator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1187972A1 true EP1187972A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
EP1187972B1 EP1187972B1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=7911669
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00942017A Expired - Lifetime EP1187972B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-06-07 | Electromagnetic actuator and method for adjusting said electromagnetic actuator |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6838965B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1187972B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19927823B4 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1187972E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000079106A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10051076C2 (en) | 2000-10-14 | 2003-12-18 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Method for producing an electromagnetic actuator |
DE10308057A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-09 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Appliance with sensor and evaluator determining equilibrium position of actuator armature, typically operating gas change valve of internal combustion engine, includes electromagnetic unit and spring mechanism |
JP4196940B2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2008-12-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Solenoid valve |
DE102006005944A1 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-23 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Internal combustion engine with an electric valve train |
US9784147B1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2017-10-10 | Thermal Power Recovery Llc | Fluid-electric actuated reciprocating piston engine valves |
JP4525736B2 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2010-08-18 | 株式会社デンソー | Linear solenoid |
US8182023B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 | 2012-05-22 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Plastically deformable spring energy management systems and methods for making and using the same |
DE102011052528B3 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Actuator device and method of manufacturing an actuator device |
DE102015213628A1 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-26 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electromagnetically actuated gas exchange valve and method for its control |
CH714321A1 (en) * | 2017-11-11 | 2019-05-15 | Liebherr Machines Bulle Sa | Adjusting device for an axial piston machine. |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1391955A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1975-04-23 | British Leyland Austin Morris | Actuating internal combustion engine poppet valves |
US4831973A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-05-23 | Magnavox Government And Industrial Electronics Company | Repulsion actuated potential energy driven valve mechanism |
US4809742A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1989-03-07 | Pneumo Abex Corporation | Control valve assembly including valve position sensor |
DE3826978A1 (en) | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-15 | Meyer Hans Wilhelm | ELECTROMAGNETICALLY OPERABLE ACTUATOR |
JPH0281940A (en) | 1988-09-16 | 1990-03-22 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Idle speed control device for internal combustion engine |
DE3920931A1 (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1991-01-03 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh & Co Kg | ELECTROMAGNETIC OPERATING DEVICE |
US5548263A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1996-08-20 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Electromagnetically actuated valve |
US5636601A (en) | 1994-06-15 | 1997-06-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Energization control method, and electromagnetic control system in electromagnetic driving device |
WO1997017561A1 (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 1997-05-15 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Hinged armature electromagnetically actuated valve |
DE19631909A1 (en) | 1995-08-08 | 1997-02-13 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh & Co Kg | Adjustment of null position of piston engine valve actuator armature - has adjustment of armature element position while measuring and comparing inductance values of electromagnets |
DE19529152B4 (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2005-12-29 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | From the rest position self-attracting electromagnetic actuator |
DE19641244B4 (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 2005-04-14 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh | Method for adjusting an electromagnetic actuator |
DE29712148U1 (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1997-09-11 | Till Gea Gmbh & Co | Device for filling containers |
DE19725010C1 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-10-29 | Daimler Benz Ag | Device for actuating a gas exchange valve with an electromagnetic actuator |
US6176208B1 (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 2001-01-23 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Electromagnetic valve driving apparatus |
DE19733142C2 (en) | 1997-07-31 | 2001-11-29 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh | Method for initiating the movement of a gas exchange valve actuated by an electromagnetic actuator |
DE19849036C2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2000-10-05 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for regulating an electromechanical actuator |
WO2000042298A1 (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-07-20 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Device for actuating a charge cycle valve |
DE19927822C1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-10-12 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Electromagnetic actuator for i.c. engine gas changing valve has measuring device providing spring characteristic for one or both springs acting on magnetic armature for calculation of its counter-balance position |
-
1999
- 1999-06-18 DE DE19927823A patent/DE19927823B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-06-07 PT PT00942017T patent/PT1187972E/en unknown
- 2000-06-07 DE DE50003839T patent/DE50003839D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-07 WO PCT/EP2000/005210 patent/WO2000079106A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-07 US US10/019,336 patent/US6838965B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-07 EP EP00942017A patent/EP1187972B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0079106A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19927823A1 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
US6838965B1 (en) | 2005-01-04 |
DE19927823B4 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
PT1187972E (en) | 2004-02-27 |
EP1187972B1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
WO2000079106A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
DE50003839D1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
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