EP1185996B1 - High-voltage circuit breaker with a discharge channel - Google Patents

High-voltage circuit breaker with a discharge channel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1185996B1
EP1185996B1 EP00949083A EP00949083A EP1185996B1 EP 1185996 B1 EP1185996 B1 EP 1185996B1 EP 00949083 A EP00949083 A EP 00949083A EP 00949083 A EP00949083 A EP 00949083A EP 1185996 B1 EP1185996 B1 EP 1185996B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
area
flow resistance
specific flow
circuit breaker
voltage circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP00949083A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1185996A1 (en
Inventor
Volker Lehmann
Hold Dienemann
Friedrich Loebner
Michael Punger
Claudia Wiesinger
Jörg HAGEN
Hartmut Knobloch
Ralf Bergmann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H2033/888—Deflection of hot gasses and arcing products

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-voltage circuit breaker with two arcing contact pieces, which are separated from one another in the event of a switch-off and between which an arc is drawn, if appropriate, in an arc space filled with an extinguishing gas, with the arc-heated quenching gas from the constriction of an insulating nozzle surrounding the arc space at least one outflow channel flows out, which has a plurality of areas successively passing through the extinguishing gas.
  • Such a high-voltage circuit breaker is known for example from DE-U 93 14 779.1 and DE-OS 29 47 957.
  • an arc is drawn between two arcing contact pieces in the event of a switch-off, which is blown by an extinguishing gas and is intended to be extinguished and prevented from reigniting.
  • a heating room is provided in which the quenching gas heated by the arc is stored under high pressure until the next current zero crossing of the current to be switched, in order to then flow back to the arc chamber when the pressure drops in the arc chamber and to cool the quenching gas there.
  • the extinguishing gas must then be able to flow through an outflow channel into an expansion space.
  • the extinguishing gas is cooled in a cooling device and deionized.
  • cooling devices have, for example, so-called mesh coolers in the form of perforated sheets and metal meshes, in which the interaction surface for the hot extinguishing gas is extremely large.
  • the cooling of the quenching gas also prevents ionized quenching gas from flowing into the switching path between the arcing contact pieces in a timely further switching process.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a high-voltage circuit breaker of the type mentioned at the outset, in which an outflow behavior of the quenching gas through the outflow channel which is optimized with regard to arc quenching is achieved.
  • the first region facing the constriction of the nozzle has a reduced flow resistance compared to the constriction and that at least a second region, a third region and a fourth region are arranged downstream of the first region in the outflow direction of the extinguishing gas the specific flow resistance of the second and fourth areas is in each case greater than the specific flow resistance of the area immediately preceding in the outflow direction and that the specific flow resistance of the third Area is smaller than that of the second area.
  • the extinguishing gas flows, in each case with braking, through an area with greater specific flow resistance, and then in an area with lower specific flow resistance, which virtually forms an expansion volume, to expand.
  • the extinguishing gas pressure in the arc space can be controlled in terms of its time and thus an optimized pressure curve can be achieved for the arc extinguishing or the avoidance of re-ignition of the arc.
  • specific flow resistance is understood to mean the flow resistance for the extinguishing gas in relation to the unit of length in the flow direction.
  • the invention can advantageously be used in isolating nozzle switches which are equipped with a boiler room in which quenching gas heated by the arc can be stored under high pressure up to the zero crossing of the current to be switched.
  • a mechanical compression device for the extinguishing gas can be provided in the form of a compression piston and a compression cylinder.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that each have a larger specific flow resistance having areas have cross-sectional constrictions of the outflow channel.
  • Such cross-sectional constrictions can be achieved, for example, by conically narrowing a tube surrounding the outflow channel, for example a tube carrying the continuous flow contact, or by thickening a bolt running centrally in the outflow channel.
  • a transmission for driving an arcing contact piece can also be provided in the outflow channel, for example if both arcing contact pieces are moved simultaneously by means of a common switch drive. The gear unit is then to be taken into account when calculating the outflow cross sections.
  • the regions each having a larger specific flow resistance can advantageously be designed as a nozzle.
  • Constrictions and nozzles in the outflow channel can each be formed by internals made of an insulating material, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene, or can also be coated with such a material.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that one of the regions with a greater specific flow resistance than the preceding region is designed as a radial deflection device for the extinguishing gas flow.
  • Such a radial deflection can be provided, for example, in the form of a nozzle, which deflects the extinguishing gas flowing axially in a radial direction or by more than 90 °.
  • a larger expansion space for the extinguishing gas can be provided behind the deflection device.
  • the invention can also be advantageously configured in that at least one of the areas with greater flow resistance is designed as a check valve or group of check valves.
  • the check valve (s) have a linearly movable plate closing an opening.
  • at least one of the check valves has at least one, in particular two, closure flaps which can be pivoted about a hinge.
  • the pivotable flaps can be pivoted almost completely out of the outflow channel in the forward direction, so that only a small increase in the specific flow resistance can be achieved.
  • the areas with a higher specific flow resistance are formed by bodies arranged in the outflow channel and having a plurality of through openings for the extinguishing gas.
  • Such bodies are understood to mean, for example, perforated sheets or metal mesh (mesh cooler).
  • the invention can also be carried out advantageously in that at least one region with a larger specific flow resistance is formed as a flow labyrinth.
  • At least one area with greater specific flow resistance is designed as a chamber with inlet openings and outlet openings, in which movable bodies, for example PTFE balls, are arranged in bulk.
  • the outflow channel extends from the nozzle constriction to a drive side and that at least one of the areas with greater specific flow resistance in the sense of the extinguishing gas flow is arranged downstream of a switch tube on the drive side which carries the arcing contact piece on the drive side.
  • Figures 1 to 8 show schematically in a longitudinal section a part of an interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker, the areas with greater specific flow resistance and with lower specific flow resistance in the outflow area on the side of the arcing contact piece designed as a contact pin being realized in different ways.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of an interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker with an insulating housing 1, which consists, for example, of porcelain or a composite insulator and in which two continuous current contacts 2, 3 are arranged.
  • the housing can also be designed as a grounded metal housing.
  • a movable and drivable arcing contact piece 4 is connected, the is designed as a tulip contact.
  • This arcing contact piece has radially resiliently arranged contact fingers on its circumference.
  • the drivable arcing contact 4 interacts with a fixed arcing contact 5 in the form of a contact pin. In the switched-on state, this passes through the constriction 6 of the insulating nozzle 7 and makes resilient contact with the drivable arcing contact piece 4.
  • an arc is drawn in the arcing space 9, which heats extinguishing gas located there, for example SF 6 (sulfur hexafluoride), so that it expands.
  • SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • the expanded extinguishing gas is at least partly passed through a heating duct 10 into a heating room 11, where it is initially stored.
  • the alternating current to be switched passes zero, the arc 12 extinguishes and the quenching gas stored in the heating space 11 flows back through the heating channel 10 to the arc space 9, in order to prevent the arc from reigniting at the next voltage rise by cooling.
  • the arcing contact pieces 4, 5 meanwhile move further apart, so that after a short time the distance between is so large that there is no fear of the arc reigniting.
  • the outflow channel through which the extinguishing gas flows for example on the side of the fixed arcing contact piece 5, first has a first area 12 , which has a reduced flow resistance compared to the nozzle constriction 6.
  • the outflow cross section is considerably larger there than in the area of the nozzle constriction 6.
  • the first area 12 is followed by a second area 13, which has a greater specific flow resistance than the first area.
  • This second area is designed as a constriction of the contact tube 20 carrying the continuous current contact 3.
  • the second area has a tapered area and a nozzle constriction.
  • the second area 13 is adjoined in the flow direction of the extinguishing gas by the third area 14, which first has a conical widening of the outflow channel and then a cylindrical area, the specific flow resistance in the third area being lower than in the second area 13.
  • the third area 14 is followed by a fourth area 15, which has a greater specific flow resistance than the third area 14 and which is designed as a device for radially deflecting the extinguishing gas flow to the outside.
  • These pressure waves traveling upstream have a favorable effect on the conditions for quenching the arc in the arc space 9.
  • the distances between the areas with greater specific flow resistance and between the areas with low specific flow resistance can be selected so that an optimal chronological sequence of the backwash waves migrating to the arc space and thus an optimal temporal pressure profile is achieved there.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement which is the same as the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 except for the outflow channel.
  • a first region 16 of the outflow channel is provided there, which is essentially cylindrical and has a lower specific flow resistance than the nozzle constriction 6 of the insulating nozzle 7.
  • the first area 16 is followed by a second area 17, which has an increased specific flow resistance compared to the first area, in that the contact tube 21 has an insert 22 there, which creates a nozzle constriction in the outflow channel.
  • the insert 22 can also be formed as an integral part of the contact tube 21.
  • the second area 17 is followed by a third area 18, in which the cross section of the outflow channel initially widens, so that the specific flow resistance there is lower than in the second area 17.
  • the widening part of the third area 18 opens into a cylindrical part.
  • the third area 18 is followed by a fourth area 19 in the form of radial through openings of the contact tube 21, so that there is a radial deflection of the extinguishing gas flow to the outside, which in this fourth area 19 causes a greater specific flow resistance than in the third area 18.
  • the extinguishing gas can expand to a certain extent in areas 16, 21 with a lower specific flow resistance. In this way, the outflowing quantity of extinguishing gas passes through backflow areas and expansion areas in chronological succession, so that a certain temporal pattern of pressure waves can be generated by the backwater.
  • the temporal profile of the pressure waves in the arc space that can be achieved in this way depends on the distance between the individual regions and on the ratio of the specific flow resistances present in each case.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention in which regions 23, 24 with greater specific flow resistance are produced in that the contact pin 25 has thickenings 25, 26 in these regions.
  • Parts of the contact pin 5 with a smaller diameter are provided between the thickenings 25, 26, so that there are regions 27, 28 with a lower specific flow resistance.
  • the areas 29, 30, 31 with greater specific flow resistance are provided with plates 32, 33, 34 which have openings 35 for the passage of extinguishing gas.
  • closure plates 36 which close the openings in the plate 33 in a spring-loaded manner and which are lifted off the plate 33 by extinguishing gas, so that the extinguishing gas can flow away from the insulating nozzle 7 but cannot flow back.
  • Areas 37, 38 with a lower specific flow resistance than the expansion volumes are arranged between the areas 29, 30, 31.
  • the area 31 is followed by an area 39 with a lower specific flow resistance, followed by an area 40 in the form of radial outflow openings in the contact tube 21.
  • These radial outflow openings 40 deflect the gas flow in the radial direction and thus likewise represent an area with greater specific flow resistance.
  • FIG. 5 an interrupter unit is partially shown, in which a check valve 41 is arranged in the contact tube 21, which has at least two flaps 43, 44 which can be pivoted about a hinge 42 and which, in the idle state, close the cross section of the contact tube 21 and prevent gas flow be opened in the event of a shutdown, so that the quenching gas can flow through the check valve formed.
  • the check valve also represents an area with a greater specific flow resistance than the cylindrical area 45 of the contact tube 21 in the open state. If an increased gas pressure forms in the cylindrical area 46, which adjoins the check valve, the extinguishing gas flows back the valve 41 prevents.
  • the extinguishing gas can flow out of the cylindrical region 46 with lower flow resistance through radial outflow openings 47, each of which is provided with a metal mesh.
  • the outflow openings 47 thus represent areas of greater specific flow resistance.
  • the extinguishing gas is deflected radially here and at the same time is cooled and braked by the metal mesh.
  • FIG. 6 shows an interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker, which has a radial deflection device 48 in the form of a nozzle, which is designed as a region with a larger specific flow resistance.
  • This area 48 is preceded by a cylindrical area 49 which has a lower specific flow resistance.
  • the extinguishing gas flows through a constriction 50 which arises from a thickening of the contact pin 51 and which represents an area with a greater specific flow resistance.
  • the deflection device 48 is followed by an annular channel 52, from which the extinguishing gas can flow out into the expansion space 54 through radial outflow openings 53.
  • FIG. 7 shows an interrupter unit which is similar to that of the interrupter unit shown in FIG. 6, whereby according to FIG. 7 there is no thickening of the contact pin 51, but the contact pin carries a check valve 52 which is provided with a plurality of pivotable plates 58 which are suitable for the quenching gas flowing away from the arc space form an area with increased specific flow resistance and to prevent the extinguishing gas from flowing back out of area 55 with reduced specific flow resistance in the direction of the arc space.
  • the region 55 is followed by a deflection device 48, from which the extinguishing gas can flow through an annular channel 56 to a metal grid 57. After redirection, the extinguishing gas flows through the openings of the metal grid 57 into the expansion space 54.
  • FIG. 8 shows an interrupter unit in which a first cylindrical region is provided in the drive-side outflow channel 59 within the switching tube, which carries the tulip-shaped arcing contact 4. Downstream of the first area is a further area 60, which is formed by the coupling of a switching rod 61 to the switching tube 62 and in which the specific flow resistance is increased by a narrowing of the cross section. In the third area 63, the extinguishing gas can flow axially without hindrance, so that there is no backflow.
  • the fourth area is formed in front of an end plate 64 in that extinguishing gas is deflected there through radial outlet openings 65 and exits in an expansion space.
  • the interrupter unit can be achieved in different ways, that areas with a lower specific flow resistance and areas with a larger specific flow resistance alternate, areas with a greater specific flow resistance being able to be formed as constrictions, metal mesh, perforated plates or check valves, while areas with a lower specific flow resistance can be formed as cylindrical tubes or widening conical tubes can be trained.
  • At least one area with a lower specific flow resistance in the axial direction of the switch is passed through after the insulating nozzle, which is followed by an area with a larger specific flow resistance, which is also flowed through in the axial direction of the switch, and that after that at the earliest radial deflection of the gas flow takes place.
  • the outflow channel on the drive side can also be formed, which begins in the interior of the tulip-shaped arcing contact piece.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-voltage circuit breaker, comprising two arcing contacts (4,5) which separate in the event of breaking and between which an electric arc (12) may be produced in an electric arc chamber (9) filled with arc-extinguishing gas. The extinguishing gas that is heated by the electric arc exits through a discharge channel (see claim no. 1), starting from the narrow point (6) of an insulating nozzle (7) that surrounds the electric arc chamber. Said discharge channel has several areas (12,13,14,15) through which the arc-extinguishing gas successively passes. According to the invention, the first area (12), which faces towards the narrow point of the nozzle, has a reduced specific flow resistance in relation to the narrow point (6) and at least a second area (13), a third area (14) and a fourth area are provided downstream of the first area (12) in the discharge direction, the specific flow resistance of the second and third areas being greater than the specific flow resistance of the area directly preceding them in the discharge direction of the arc-extinguishing gas and the specific flow resistance of the third area (14) being less than that of the second area (13).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Hochspannungsleistungsschalter mit zwei Lichtbogenkontaktstücken, die im Ausschaltfall voneinander getrennt werden und zwischen denen ggf. in einem mit einem Löschgas gefüllten Lichtbogenraum ein Lichtbogen gezogen wird, wobei durch den Lichtbogen aufgeheiztes Löschgas von der Engstelle einer den Lichtbogenraum umgebenden Isolierdüse aus durch wenigstens einen Abströmkanal abströmt, welcher mehrere von dem Löschgas nacheinander durchlaufende Bereiche aufweist.The invention relates to a high-voltage circuit breaker with two arcing contact pieces, which are separated from one another in the event of a switch-off and between which an arc is drawn, if appropriate, in an arc space filled with an extinguishing gas, with the arc-heated quenching gas from the constriction of an insulating nozzle surrounding the arc space at least one outflow channel flows out, which has a plurality of areas successively passing through the extinguishing gas.

Ein derartiger Hochspannungsleistungsschalter ist beispielsweise aus der DE-U 93 14 779.1 bzw. aus der DE-OS 29 47 957 bekannt.Such a high-voltage circuit breaker is known for example from DE-U 93 14 779.1 and DE-OS 29 47 957.

Bei den bekannten Leistungsschaltern wird jeweils zwischen zwei Lichtbogenkontaktstücken im Ausschaltfall ein Lichtbogen gezogen, der durch ein Löschgas beblasen wird und dadurch gelöscht und am Rückzünden gehindert werden soll. Oft ist ein Heizraum vorgesehen, in dem durch den Lichtbogen aufgeheiztes Löschgas unter hohem Druck bis zum nachsten Stromnulldurchgang des zu schaltenden Stromes gespeichert wird, um danach beim Druckabfall im Lichtbogenraum zum Lichtbogenraum zurückzuströmen und dort das Löschgas zu kuhlen. Um eine effektive Kühlung zu erreichen, muß danach das Löschgas durch einen Abströmkanal in einen Expansionsraum abströmen können.In the known circuit breakers, an arc is drawn between two arcing contact pieces in the event of a switch-off, which is blown by an extinguishing gas and is intended to be extinguished and prevented from reigniting. Often, a heating room is provided in which the quenching gas heated by the arc is stored under high pressure until the next current zero crossing of the current to be switched, in order to then flow back to the arc chamber when the pressure drops in the arc chamber and to cool the quenching gas there. In order to achieve effective cooling, the extinguishing gas must then be able to flow through an outflow channel into an expansion space.

Damit die Innenwände eines Kapselungsgehäuses eines Leistungsschalters durch kontaminierte heiße Löschgase nicht beschädigt oder verschmutzt werden, wird das Löschgas in einer Kühleinrichtung gekühlt und entionisiert. Solche Kühleinrichtungen weisen beispielsweise sog. Mesh cooler in Form von Lochblechen und Metallgeweben auf, in denen die Wechselwirkungsoberfläche für das heiße Löschgas extrem groß ist.So that the inner walls of an enclosure of a circuit breaker are not damaged by contaminated hot extinguishing gases or become contaminated, the extinguishing gas is cooled in a cooling device and deionized. Such cooling devices have, for example, so-called mesh coolers in the form of perforated sheets and metal meshes, in which the interaction surface for the hot extinguishing gas is extremely large.

Durch die Kühlung des Löschgases wird auch verhindert, daß bei einem zeitnahen weiteren Schaltvorgang ionisiertes Löschgas in die Schaltstrecke zwischen den Lichtbogenkontaktstücken einströmt.The cooling of the quenching gas also prevents ionized quenching gas from flowing into the switching path between the arcing contact pieces in a timely further switching process.

Es wurde gefunden, daß für ein optimales Schaltverhalten ein gewisser Rückstau des Löschgases im Abströmkanal notwendig ist, das jedoch ein zu großer Rückstau beispielsweise infolge eines dichten Metallgewebes, durch das das Löschgas hindurchströmen muß, die Lichtbogenlöschung behindern kann.It has been found that a certain backflow of the quenching gas in the outflow channel is necessary for optimal switching behavior, but that too much backflow, for example as a result of a dense metal mesh through which the quenching gas must flow, can hinder the arc quenching.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Hochspannungsleistungsschalter der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem ein im Hinblick auf die Lichtbogenlöschung optimiertes Abströmverhalten des Löschgases durch den Abströmkanal erreicht wird.The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a high-voltage circuit breaker of the type mentioned at the outset, in which an outflow behavior of the quenching gas through the outflow channel which is optimized with regard to arc quenching is achieved.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der erste, der Engstelle der Düse zugewandte Bereich einen gegenüber der Engstelle verringerten spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweist und daß dem ersten Bereich in Abströmrichtung des Löschgases wenigstens ein zweiter Bereich, ein dritter Bereich und ein vierter Bereich nachgeordnet sind, wobei der spezifische Strömungswiderstand des zweiten und vierten Bereiches jeweils größer ist als der spezifische Strömungswiderstand des in Abströmrichtung unmittelbar vorangehenden Bereiches und daß der spezifische Strömungswiderstand des dritten Bereiches kleiner ist als derjenige des zweiten Bereiches.The object is achieved in that the first region facing the constriction of the nozzle has a reduced flow resistance compared to the constriction and that at least a second region, a third region and a fourth region are arranged downstream of the first region in the outflow direction of the extinguishing gas the specific flow resistance of the second and fourth areas is in each case greater than the specific flow resistance of the area immediately preceding in the outflow direction and that the specific flow resistance of the third Area is smaller than that of the second area.

Dadurch, daß sich in dem Abströmkanal Bereiche mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand und Bereiche mit geringerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand abwechseln, strömt das Löschgas jeweils unter Abbremsung durch einen Bereich mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand, um dann in einem Bereich mit geringerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand, der quasi eine Expansionsvolumen bildet, zur expandieren. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein Rückstauverhalten, das mehrere zeitliche aufeinanderfolgende Rückstaudruckwellen des Löschgases im Lichtbogenbereich erzeugt. Hierdurch läßt sich der Löschgasdruck im Lichtbogenraum in seinen Zeitverlauf steuern und somit ein für die Lichtbogenlöschung bzw. die Vermeidung einer Rückzündung des Lichtbogens optimierter Druckverlauf erreichen.Due to the fact that areas with greater specific flow resistance and areas with lower specific flow resistance alternate in the outflow channel, the extinguishing gas flows, in each case with braking, through an area with greater specific flow resistance, and then in an area with lower specific flow resistance, which virtually forms an expansion volume, to expand. This results in a backflow behavior which generates several successive backflow pressure waves of the extinguishing gas in the arc region. In this way, the extinguishing gas pressure in the arc space can be controlled in terms of its time and thus an optimized pressure curve can be achieved for the arc extinguishing or the avoidance of re-ignition of the arc.

Unter dem Begriff "spezifischer Strömungswiderstand" wird in diesem Zusammenhang der Strömungswiderstand für das Löschgas bezogen auf die Längeneinheit in Strömungsrichtung verstanden.In this context, the term “specific flow resistance” is understood to mean the flow resistance for the extinguishing gas in relation to the unit of length in the flow direction.

Die Erfindung kann vorteilhaft bei Isolierdüsenschaltern eingesetzt werden, die mit einem Heizraum ausgestattet sind, in dem durch den Lichtbogen aufgeheiztes Löschgas bis zum Stromnulldurchgang des zu schaltenden Stroms unter hohem Druck gespeichert werden kann. Zusätzlich kann eine mechanische Kompressionsvorrichtung für das Löschgas in Form eines Kompressionskolbens und eines Kompressionszylinders vorgesehen sein.The invention can advantageously be used in isolating nozzle switches which are equipped with a boiler room in which quenching gas heated by the arc can be stored under high pressure up to the zero crossing of the current to be switched. In addition, a mechanical compression device for the extinguishing gas can be provided in the form of a compression piston and a compression cylinder.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die jeweils einen größeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweisenden Bereiche Querschnittsverengungen des Abströmkanals aufweisen.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that each have a larger specific flow resistance having areas have cross-sectional constrictions of the outflow channel.

Solche Querschnittsverengungen können beispielsweise durch eine konische Verengung eines den Abströmkanal umgebenden Rohres, beispielsweise eines den Dauerstromkontakt tragenden Rohres oder durch eine Verdickung eines in dem Abströmkanal zentral verlaufenden Bolzens erreicht werden. In dem Abströmkanal kann auch ein Getriebe zum Antrieb eines Lichtbogenkontaktstückes vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise, wenn beide Lichtbogenkontaktstücke mittels eines gemeinsamen Schalterantriebes gleichzeitig bewegt werden. Das Getriebe ist dann bei der Berechnung der Abströmquerschnitte zu berücksichtigen.Such cross-sectional constrictions can be achieved, for example, by conically narrowing a tube surrounding the outflow channel, for example a tube carrying the continuous flow contact, or by thickening a bolt running centrally in the outflow channel. A transmission for driving an arcing contact piece can also be provided in the outflow channel, for example if both arcing contact pieces are moved simultaneously by means of a common switch drive. The gear unit is then to be taken into account when calculating the outflow cross sections.

Vorteilhaft können die jeweils einen größeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweisenden Bereiche jeweils als Düse ausgebildet sein. Verengungen und Düsen in dem Abströmkanal können jeweils durch Einbauten aus einem Isolierstoff, insbesondere Polytetrafluoretylen gebildet sein oder auch mit einem derartigen Material beschichtet sein.The regions each having a larger specific flow resistance can advantageously be designed as a nozzle. Constrictions and nozzles in the outflow channel can each be formed by internals made of an insulating material, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene, or can also be coated with such a material.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß einer der Bereiche mit gegenüber dem vorangehenden Bereich größerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand als radiale Umlenkvorrichtung für die Löschgasströmung ausgebildet ist.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that one of the regions with a greater specific flow resistance than the preceding region is designed as a radial deflection device for the extinguishing gas flow.

Eine solche radiale Umlenkung kann beispielsweise in Form einer Düse vorgesehen sein, die das axial abströmende Löschgas in eine radiale Richtung oder um mehr als 90° umlenkt. Hinter der Umlenkeinrichtung kann ein größerer Expansionsraum für das Löschgas vorgesehen sein.Such a radial deflection can be provided, for example, in the form of a nozzle, which deflects the extinguishing gas flowing axially in a radial direction or by more than 90 °. A larger expansion space for the extinguishing gas can be provided behind the deflection device.

Die Erfindung kann außerdem vorteilhaft dadurch ausgestaltet werden, daß wenigstens einer der Bereiche mit größerem Strömungswiderstand als Rückschlagventil oder Gruppe von Rückschlagventilen ausgebildet ist.The invention can also be advantageously configured in that at least one of the areas with greater flow resistance is designed as a check valve or group of check valves.

Hierdurch wird einerseits ein Rückstau des Löschgases erreicht, da das Löschgas mit einem Teil seiner kinetischen Energie das Rückschlagventil offenhalten muß, andererseits wird ein Zurückströmen des Löschgases, das zu einer Kontamination des Lichtbogenraums mit ionisiertem heißem Löschgas führen könnte, zuverlässig vermieden.On the one hand, this results in a backflow of the extinguishing gas, since the extinguishing gas must keep the check valve open with part of its kinetic energy;

Dabei kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, daß das/die Rückschlagventil(e) eine eine Öffnung verschließende linearbewegliche Platte aufweisen. Es kann jedoch auch vorgesehen sein, daß wenigstens eines der Rückschlagventile wenigstens eine, insbesondere zwei um ein Scharnier schwenkbare Verschlußklappen aufweist.It can advantageously be provided that the check valve (s) have a linearly movable plate closing an opening. However, it can also be provided that at least one of the check valves has at least one, in particular two, closure flaps which can be pivoted about a hinge.

In einem Scharnierventil können die schwenkbaren Klappen in Durchlaßrichtung fast vollständig aus dem Abströmkanal herausgeschwenkt werden, so daß eine nur geringe Erhöhung des spezifischen Strömungswiderstandes erzielt werden kann.In a hinge valve, the pivotable flaps can be pivoted almost completely out of the outflow channel in the forward direction, so that only a small increase in the specific flow resistance can be achieved.

Es kann außerdem vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, daß die Bereiche mit höherem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand durch im Abströmkanal angeordnete Körper gebildet sind, die eine Mehrzahl von Durchtrittsöffnungen für das Löschgas aufweisen.It can also be advantageously provided that the areas with a higher specific flow resistance are formed by bodies arranged in the outflow channel and having a plurality of through openings for the extinguishing gas.

Unter solchen Körpern sind beispielsweise Lochbleche oder Metallgewebe (mesh cooler) zu verstehen.Such bodies are understood to mean, for example, perforated sheets or metal mesh (mesh cooler).

Die Erfindung kann außerdem vorteilhaft dadurch ausgeführt werden, daß wenigstens ein Bereich mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand als ein Strömungslabyrinth ausgebildet sind.The invention can also be carried out advantageously in that at least one region with a larger specific flow resistance is formed as a flow labyrinth.

Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß wenigstens ein Bereich mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand als eine Kammer mit Eintrittsöffnunqen und Austrittsöffnungen ausgebildet ist, in der bewegliche Körper, beispielsweise PTFE-Kugeln in loser Schüttung angeordnet sind.It can also be provided that at least one area with greater specific flow resistance is designed as a chamber with inlet openings and outlet openings, in which movable bodies, for example PTFE balls, are arranged in bulk.

Vorteilhaft kann auch vorgeschrieben sein, daß der Abströmkanal sich von der Düsenengstelle aus zu einer Antriebsseite hin erstreckt und daß wenigstens einer der Bereiche mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand im Sinne der Löschgasströmung einem antriebsseitigen, das antriebsseitige Lichtbogenkontaktstück tragenden Schaltrohr nachgeordnet ist.It can also advantageously be prescribed that the outflow channel extends from the nozzle constriction to a drive side and that at least one of the areas with greater specific flow resistance in the sense of the extinguishing gas flow is arranged downstream of a switch tube on the drive side which carries the arcing contact piece on the drive side.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in einer Zeichnung gezeigt und nachfolgend beschrieben.In the following, the invention is shown on the basis of an exemplary embodiment in a drawing and described below.

Dabei zeigen die Figuren 1 bis 8 schematisch in einem Längsschnitt einen Teil einer Unterbrechereinheit eines Hochspannungsleistungsschalters, wobei jeweils die Bereiche mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand und mit geringerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand im Abströmbereich auf der Seite des als Kontaktpin ausgebildeten Lichtbogenkontaktstücks auf unterschiedliche Weise realisiert sind.Figures 1 to 8 show schematically in a longitudinal section a part of an interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker, the areas with greater specific flow resistance and with lower specific flow resistance in the outflow area on the side of the arcing contact piece designed as a contact pin being realized in different ways.

Insbesondere zeigt:

  • Figur 1 eine Engstelle, die durch eine Einschnürung eines den Kontaktpin umgebenden Kontaktrohres ausgebildet ist,
  • Figur 2 eine Einschnürung, die durch einen Einsatz in ein Kontaktrohr ausgebildet ist,
  • Figur 3 zwei Einschnürungen, die jeweils durch Verdickungen des Kontaktpins realisiert sind,
  • Figur 4 drei Bereiche mit größerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand, die durch mit Durchtrittsöffnungen versehene Zwischenböden realisiert sind,
  • Figur 5 einen Bereich mit größerem Strömungswiderstand, der durch ein Ventil mit schwenkbaren Klappen realisiert ist,
  • Figur 6 einen Bereich mit größerem Strömungswiderstand, der durch eine Verdickung eines Kontaktpins realisiert ist sowie einen Bereich mit größerem Strömungswiderstand, der durch eine Einrichtung zur radialen Gasumlenkung verwirklicht ist,
  • Figur 7 einen Bereich mit größerem Strömungswiderstand, der durch ein Ventil mit schwenkbaren Klappen realisiert ist sowie eine Einrichtung zur radialen Gasumlenkung und
  • Figur 8 eine Ausgestaltung des antriebsseitigen Abströmkanals.
In particular shows:
  • FIG. 1 shows a constriction, which is formed by a constriction of a contact tube surrounding the contact pin,
  • FIG. 2 shows a constriction which is formed by an insert in a contact tube,
  • FIG. 3 shows two constrictions, each of which is realized by thickening the contact pin,
  • FIG. 4 shows three areas with greater specific flow resistance, which are realized by intermediate floors provided with through openings,
  • FIG. 5 shows an area with greater flow resistance, which is realized by a valve with pivotable flaps,
  • FIG. 6 shows an area with greater flow resistance, which is realized by thickening a contact pin, and an area with greater flow resistance, which is implemented by a device for radial gas deflection,
  • Figure 7 shows an area with greater flow resistance, which is realized by a valve with pivotable flaps and a device for radial gas deflection and
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the drive-side outflow channel.

In den verschiedenen Figuren sind gleiche Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.The same components are provided with the same reference symbols in the various figures.

Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Teil einer Unterbrechereinheit eines Hochspannungsleistungsschalters mit einem Isoliergehäuse 1, das beispielsweise aus Porzellan oder aus einem Verbundisolator besteht und in dem zwei Dauerstromkontakte 2, 3 angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse kann in einer anderen Realisierung der Erfindung auch als geerdetes Metallgehäuse ausgebildet sein.FIG. 1 shows part of an interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker with an insulating housing 1, which consists, for example, of porcelain or a composite insulator and in which two continuous current contacts 2, 3 are arranged. In another implementation of the invention, the housing can also be designed as a grounded metal housing.

Mit dem beweglichen Dauerstromkontaktstück 2 ist ein bewegliches und antreibbares Lichtbogenkontaktstück 4 verbunden, das als Tulpenkontakt ausgebildet ist. Dieses Lichtbogenkontaktstück weist an seinem Umfang radial federnd angeordnete Kontaktfinger auf.With the movable continuous current contact piece 2, a movable and drivable arcing contact piece 4 is connected, the is designed as a tulip contact. This arcing contact piece has radially resiliently arranged contact fingers on its circumference.

Im Einschaltzustand wirkt das antreibbare Lichtbogenkontaktstück 4 mit einem ortsfesten Lichtbogenkontaktstück 5 in Form eines Kontaktpins zusammen. Dieser durchsetzt im Einschaltzustand die Engstelle 6 der Isolierdüse 7 und kontaktiert federnd mit dem antreibbaren Lichtbogenkontaktstück 4.In the switched-on state, the drivable arcing contact 4 interacts with a fixed arcing contact 5 in the form of a contact pin. In the switched-on state, this passes through the constriction 6 of the insulating nozzle 7 and makes resilient contact with the drivable arcing contact piece 4.

Wird im Ausschaltfall das antreibbare Lichtbogenkontaktstück 4 gemeinsam mit der Isolierdüse 7 und dem Dauerstromkontaktstück 2 in Richtung des Pfeils 8 durch einen nicht dargestellten Schalterantrieb beschleunigt, so werden zunächst die Dauerstromkontaktstücke 2, 3 voneinander getrennt und darauf die Lichtbogenkontaktstücke 4, 5.If the drivable arcing contact 4 together with the insulating nozzle 7 and the continuous current contact 2 is accelerated in the direction of arrow 8 by a switch drive (not shown) when the switch is off, the continuous current contact pieces 2, 3 are first separated from one another and then the arcing contact pieces 4, 5.

Zwischen den Lichtbogenkontaktstücken 4, 5 wird in dem Lichtbogenraum 9 ein Lichtbogen gezogen, der dort befindliches Löschgas, beispielsweise SF6 (Schwefelhexafluorid) aufheizt, so daß dieses expandiert.Between the arcing contact pieces 4, 5, an arc is drawn in the arcing space 9, which heats extinguishing gas located there, for example SF 6 (sulfur hexafluoride), so that it expands.

Das expandierte Löschgas wird wenigstens zum Teil durch einen Heizkanal 10 in einen Heizraum 11 geleitet, wo es zunächst gespeichert wird. Beim Stromnulldurchgang des zu schaltenden Wechselstroms erlischt der Lichtbogen 12 und das in dem Heizraum 11 gespeicherte Löschgas stromt durch den Heizkanal 10 zum Lichtbogenraum 9 zurück, um dort durch eine Kühlung das Rückzünden des Lichtbogens beim nächsten erfolgenden Spannungsanstieg zu verhindern.The expanded extinguishing gas is at least partly passed through a heating duct 10 into a heating room 11, where it is initially stored. When the alternating current to be switched passes zero, the arc 12 extinguishes and the quenching gas stored in the heating space 11 flows back through the heating channel 10 to the arc space 9, in order to prevent the arc from reigniting at the next voltage rise by cooling.

Die Lichtbogenkontaktstücke 4, 5 entfernen sich unterdessen weiter voneinander, so daß nach kurzer Zeit der Abstand zwischen ihnen so groß ist, daß eine Rückzündung des Lichtbogens nicht zu befürchten ist.The arcing contact pieces 4, 5 meanwhile move further apart, so that after a short time the distance between is so large that there is no fear of the arc reigniting.

Um optimale Bedingungen für die Löschung des Lichtbogens im Lichtbogenraum und im Bereich der Düsenengstelle 6 zu schaffen, ist gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Abströmkanal, durch den das Löschgas beispielsweise auf der Seite des feststehenden Lichtbogenkontaktstücks 5 abströmt, zunächst einen ersten Bereich 12 aufweist, der einen gegenüber der Düsenengstelle 6 verringerten spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweist. Der Abströmquerschnitt ist dort erheblich größer als im Bereich der Düsenengstelle 6.In order to create optimal conditions for extinguishing the arc in the arc space and in the area of the nozzle constriction 6, it is provided according to the present invention that the outflow channel through which the extinguishing gas flows, for example on the side of the fixed arcing contact piece 5, first has a first area 12 , which has a reduced flow resistance compared to the nozzle constriction 6. The outflow cross section is considerably larger there than in the area of the nozzle constriction 6.

An den ersten Bereich 12 schließt sich ein zweiter Bereich 13 an, der einen gegenüber dem ersten Bereich größeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweist. Dieser zweite Bereich ist als Verengung des den Dauerstromkontakt 3 tragenden Kontaktrohres 20 ausgebildet. Der zweite Bereich weist hierzu einen konisch zulaufenden Bereich und eine Düsenengstelle auf.The first area 12 is followed by a second area 13, which has a greater specific flow resistance than the first area. This second area is designed as a constriction of the contact tube 20 carrying the continuous current contact 3. For this purpose, the second area has a tapered area and a nozzle constriction.

An den zweiten Bereich 13 schließt sich in Strömungsrichtung des Löschgases der dritte Bereich 14 an, der zunächst eine konische Erweiterung des Abströmkanals und daran anschließend einen zylindrischen Bereich aufweist, wobei im dritten Bereich der spezifische Strömungswiderstand geringer ist als in dem zweiten Bereich 13.The second area 13 is adjoined in the flow direction of the extinguishing gas by the third area 14, which first has a conical widening of the outflow channel and then a cylindrical area, the specific flow resistance in the third area being lower than in the second area 13.

An den dritten Bereich 14 schließt sich ein vierter Bereich 15 an, der im Vergleich zu dem dritten Bereich 14 einen größeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweist und der als Einrichtung zur radialen Umlenkung der Löschgasströmung nach außen hin ausgebildet ist.The third area 14 is followed by a fourth area 15, which has a greater specific flow resistance than the third area 14 and which is designed as a device for radially deflecting the extinguishing gas flow to the outside.

In den Bereichen 13, 15 findet jeweils eine Abbremsung der Löschgasströmung statt, die zu einem Rückstau des Löschgases führt. Somit laufen Druckwellen entgegen der Löschgasströmung in Richtung zum Lichtbogenraum 9 hin.A braking of the extinguishing gas flow takes place in each of the areas 13, 15, which leads to a backflow of the extinguishing gas. Pressure waves thus run counter to the quenching gas flow in the direction of the arc space 9.

Diese strömungsaufwärts wandernden Druckwellen wirken sich günstig auf die Bedingungen zur Löschung des Lichtbogens im Lichtbogenraum 9 aus. Die Abstände zwischen den Bereichen mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand und zwischen den Bereichen mit geringem-spezifischem Strömungswiderstand können so gewählt werden, daß eine optimale zeitliche Abfolge der zum Lichtbogenraum wandernden Rückstauwellen und somit dort ein optimales zeitliches Druckprofil erreicht wird.These pressure waves traveling upstream have a favorable effect on the conditions for quenching the arc in the arc space 9. The distances between the areas with greater specific flow resistance and between the areas with low specific flow resistance can be selected so that an optimal chronological sequence of the backwash waves migrating to the arc space and thus an optimal temporal pressure profile is achieved there.

In der Figur 2 ist eine Anordnung gezeigt, die bis auf den Abströmkanal der in Figur 1 dargestellten Anordnung gleicht. Dort ist ein erster Bereich 16 des Abströmkanals vorgesehen, der im wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet ist und der einen geringeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweist als die Düsenengstelle 6 der Isolierdüse 7.FIG. 2 shows an arrangement which is the same as the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 except for the outflow channel. A first region 16 of the outflow channel is provided there, which is essentially cylindrical and has a lower specific flow resistance than the nozzle constriction 6 of the insulating nozzle 7.

Auf den ersten Bereich 16 folgt ein zweiter Bereich 17, der einen gegenüber dem ersten Bereich vergrößerten spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweist, dadurch, daß das Kontaktrohr 21 dort einen Einsatz 22 aufweist, der eine Düsenengstelle im Abströmkanal erzeugt. Der Einsatz 22 kann auch als integraler Bestandteil des Kontaktrohres 21 ausgebildet sein.The first area 16 is followed by a second area 17, which has an increased specific flow resistance compared to the first area, in that the contact tube 21 has an insert 22 there, which creates a nozzle constriction in the outflow channel. The insert 22 can also be formed as an integral part of the contact tube 21.

Auf den zweiten Bereich 17 folgt ein dritter Bereich 18, in dem sich der Querschnitt des Abströmkanals zunächst erweitert, so daß dort der spezifische Strömungswiderstand geringer ist als in dem zweiten Bereich 17.The second area 17 is followed by a third area 18, in which the cross section of the outflow channel initially widens, so that the specific flow resistance there is lower than in the second area 17.

Der sich erweiternde Teil des dritten Bereiches 18 mündet in einen zylindrischen Teil.The widening part of the third area 18 opens into a cylindrical part.

An den dritten Bereich 18 schließt sich ein vierter Bereich 19 in Form von radialen Durchtrittsöffnungen des Kontaktrohres 21 an, so daß dort eine radiale Umlenkung der Löschgasströmung nach außen stattfindet, die in diesem vierten Bereich 19 einen größeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstand bedingt als im dritten Bereich 18.The third area 18 is followed by a fourth area 19 in the form of radial through openings of the contact tube 21, so that there is a radial deflection of the extinguishing gas flow to the outside, which in this fourth area 19 causes a greater specific flow resistance than in the third area 18.

Auf diese Weise wechseln sich Bereiche 16, 21 mit geringem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand mit solchen Bereichen 17, 19 mit größerem Strömungswiderstand ab, so daß auch bei dieser Realisierung der Erfindung der Löschgasstrom teilweise rückgestaut wird. Hierdurch können Druckwellen in Aufwärtsrichtung der Löschgasströmung zurückwandern.In this way, areas 16, 21 with low specific flow resistance alternate with such areas 17, 19 with greater flow resistance, so that the extinguishing gas flow is partially backed up in this implementation of the invention. As a result, pressure waves can migrate back in the upward direction of the extinguishing gas flow.

In den Bereichen 16, 21 mit geringerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand kann das Löschgas in gewissem Maß expandieren. Auf diese Weise durchläuft die abströmende Löschgasmenge in zeitlicher Aufeinanderfolge Rückstaubereiche und Expansionsbereiche, so daß sich ein bestimmtes zeitliches Muster von Druckwellen durch den Rückstau erzeugen läßt. Das hierdurch erzielbare zeitliche Profil der Druckwellen im Lichtbogenraum ist vom Abstand der einzelnen Bereiche voneinander und von dem Verhältnis der jeweils vorliegenden spezifischen Strömungswiderstände abhängig.The extinguishing gas can expand to a certain extent in areas 16, 21 with a lower specific flow resistance. In this way, the outflowing quantity of extinguishing gas passes through backflow areas and expansion areas in chronological succession, so that a certain temporal pattern of pressure waves can be generated by the backwater. The temporal profile of the pressure waves in the arc space that can be achieved in this way depends on the distance between the individual regions and on the ratio of the specific flow resistances present in each case.

In der Figur 3 ist eine Ausführung der Erfindung dargestellt, bei der Bereiche 23, 24 mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand dadurch erzeugt sind, daß der Kontaktpin 25 in diesen Bereichen Verdickungen 25, 26 aufweist.FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention in which regions 23, 24 with greater specific flow resistance are produced in that the contact pin 25 has thickenings 25, 26 in these regions.

Zwischen den Verdickungen 25, 26 sind Teile des Kontaktpins 5 mit geringerem Durchmesser vorgesehen, so daß dort Bereiche 27, 28 mit geringerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand vorliegen.Parts of the contact pin 5 with a smaller diameter are provided between the thickenings 25, 26, so that there are regions 27, 28 with a lower specific flow resistance.

Gemäß dem in der Figur 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Bereiche 29, 30, 31 mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand mit Platten 32, 33, 34 versehen, die Öffnungen 35 zum Durchtritt von Löschgas aufweisen.According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the areas 29, 30, 31 with greater specific flow resistance are provided with plates 32, 33, 34 which have openings 35 for the passage of extinguishing gas.

An der Platte 33 sind zusätzlich Verschlußplatten 36 angeordnet, die die Öffnungen in der Platte 33 federbelastet verschließen und die durch abströmendes Löschgas von der Platte 33 abgehoben werden, so daß das Löschgas zwar von der Isolierdüse 7 wegströmen, nicht jedoch zurückströmen kann.On the plate 33 there are additionally arranged closure plates 36 which close the openings in the plate 33 in a spring-loaded manner and which are lifted off the plate 33 by extinguishing gas, so that the extinguishing gas can flow away from the insulating nozzle 7 but cannot flow back.

Zwischen den Bereichen 29, 30, 31 sind jeweils Bereiche 37, 38 mit geringerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand als Expansionsvolumina angeordnet. Dem Bereich 31 ist ein Bereich 39 mit geringerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand nachgeordnet, auf den ein Bereich 40 in Form von radialen Ausströmöffnungen in dem Kontaktrohr 21 folgt. Diese radialen Ausströmöffnungen 40 bewirken eine Umlenkung der Gasströmung in radialer Richtung und stellen somit ebenfalls einen Bereich mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand dar.Areas 37, 38 with a lower specific flow resistance than the expansion volumes are arranged between the areas 29, 30, 31. The area 31 is followed by an area 39 with a lower specific flow resistance, followed by an area 40 in the form of radial outflow openings in the contact tube 21. These radial outflow openings 40 deflect the gas flow in the radial direction and thus likewise represent an area with greater specific flow resistance.

In der Figur 5 ist eine Unterbrechereinheit teilweise dargestellt, bei der in dem Kontaktrohr 21 ein Rückschlagventil 41 angeordnet ist, das wenigstens zwei um ein Scharnier 42 schwenkbare Klappen 43, 44 aufweist, die im Ruhezustand den Querschnitt des Kontaktrohres 21 verschließen und die von einer Gasströmung im Ausschaltfall geöffnet werden, so daß das Löschgas durch das gebildete Rückschlagventil durchströmen kann. Das Rückschlagventil stellt auch im geöffneten Zustand einen Bereich mit größerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand dar als der zylindrische Bereich 45 des Kontaktrohres 21. Bildet sich in dem zylindrischen Bereich 46, der sich an das Rückschlagventil anschließt, ein erhöhter Gasdruck aus, so wird ein Zurückströmen des Löschgases durch das Ventil 41 verhindert.In FIG. 5, an interrupter unit is partially shown, in which a check valve 41 is arranged in the contact tube 21, which has at least two flaps 43, 44 which can be pivoted about a hinge 42 and which, in the idle state, close the cross section of the contact tube 21 and prevent gas flow be opened in the event of a shutdown, so that the quenching gas can flow through the check valve formed. The check valve also represents an area with a greater specific flow resistance than the cylindrical area 45 of the contact tube 21 in the open state. If an increased gas pressure forms in the cylindrical area 46, which adjoins the check valve, the extinguishing gas flows back the valve 41 prevents.

Aus dem zylindrischen Bereich 46 mit geringerem Strömungswiderstand kann das Löschgas durch radiale Ausströmöffnungen 47 ausströmen, die jeweils mit einem Metallgewebe versehen sind. Die Ausströmöffnungen 47 stellen somit Bereiche eines größeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstandes dar. Das Löschgas wird hier radial umgelenkt und gleichzeitig durch das Metallgewebe gekühlt und gebremst.The extinguishing gas can flow out of the cylindrical region 46 with lower flow resistance through radial outflow openings 47, each of which is provided with a metal mesh. The outflow openings 47 thus represent areas of greater specific flow resistance. The extinguishing gas is deflected radially here and at the same time is cooled and braked by the metal mesh.

In der Figur 6 ist eine Unterbrechereinheit eines Hochspannungsleistungsschalters dargestellt, die eine radiale Umlenkeinrichtung 48 in Form einer Düse aufweist, die als Bereich mit größerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand ausgebildet ist. Diesem Bereich 48 ist ein zylindrischer Bereich 49 vorgeordnet, der einen geringeren spezifischen Strömungswiderstand aufweist. Vor diesem zylindrischen Bereich 49 durchströmt das Löschgas eine Engstelle 50, die durch eine Verdickung des Kontaktpins 51 entsteht und die einen Bereich mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand darstellt.FIG. 6 shows an interrupter unit of a high-voltage circuit breaker, which has a radial deflection device 48 in the form of a nozzle, which is designed as a region with a larger specific flow resistance. This area 48 is preceded by a cylindrical area 49 which has a lower specific flow resistance. In front of this cylindrical area 49, the extinguishing gas flows through a constriction 50 which arises from a thickening of the contact pin 51 and which represents an area with a greater specific flow resistance.

Der Umlenkeinrichtung 48 ist ein Ringkanal 52 nachgeordnet, von dem aus das Löschgas durch radiale Ausströmöffnungen 53 in den Expansionsraum 54 abströmen kann.The deflection device 48 is followed by an annular channel 52, from which the extinguishing gas can flow out into the expansion space 54 through radial outflow openings 53.

In der Figur 7 ist eine Unterbrechereinheit dargestellt, die derjenigen in Figur 6 dargestellten Unterbrechereinheit ähnelt, wobei gemäß Figur 7 nicht eine Verdickung des Kontaktpins 51 vorgesehen ist, sondern der Kontaktpin ein Rückschlagventil 52 trägt, das mit mehreren schwenkbaren Platten 58 versehen ist, die für das von dem Lichtbogenraum wegströmende Löschgas einen Bereich mit erhöhtem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand bilden und die ein Rückströmen des Löschgases aus dem Bereich 55 mit verringertem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand in Richtung auf den Lichtbogenraum zu verhindern. Dem Bereich 55 ist eine Umlenkeinrichtung 48 nachgeordnet, von der aus das Löschgas durch einen Ringkanal 56 zu einem Metallgitter 57 strömen kann. Durch die Öffnungen des Metallgitters 57 strömt das Löschgas nach abermaliger Umlenkung in den Expansionsraum 54 ein.FIG. 7 shows an interrupter unit which is similar to that of the interrupter unit shown in FIG. 6, whereby according to FIG. 7 there is no thickening of the contact pin 51, but the contact pin carries a check valve 52 which is provided with a plurality of pivotable plates 58 which are suitable for the quenching gas flowing away from the arc space form an area with increased specific flow resistance and to prevent the extinguishing gas from flowing back out of area 55 with reduced specific flow resistance in the direction of the arc space. The region 55 is followed by a deflection device 48, from which the extinguishing gas can flow through an annular channel 56 to a metal grid 57. After redirection, the extinguishing gas flows through the openings of the metal grid 57 into the expansion space 54.

In der Figur 8 ist eine Unterbrechereinheit dargestellt, bei der in dem antriebsseitigen Abströmkanal 59 ein erster zylindrischer Bereich innerhalb des Schaltrohres vorgesehen ist, das den tulpenförmigen Lichtbogenkontakt 4 trägt. Den ersten Bereich nachgeordnet ist ein weiterer Bereich 60, der durch die Ankopplung einer Schaltstange 61 an das Schaltrohr 62 gebildet ist und in dem der spezifische Strömungswiderstand durch eine Querschnittsverengung vergrößert ist. In den dritten Bereich 63 kann das Löschgas behinderungsfrei axial weiterströmen, so daß dort kein Rückstau entsteht.FIG. 8 shows an interrupter unit in which a first cylindrical region is provided in the drive-side outflow channel 59 within the switching tube, which carries the tulip-shaped arcing contact 4. Downstream of the first area is a further area 60, which is formed by the coupling of a switching rod 61 to the switching tube 62 and in which the specific flow resistance is increased by a narrowing of the cross section. In the third area 63, the extinguishing gas can flow axially without hindrance, so that there is no backflow.

Der vierte Bereich ist vor einer Abschlußplatte 64 dadurch gebildet, daß dort Löschgas durch radiale Austrittsöffnungen 65 umgelenkt ist und in einem Expansionsraum austreten.The fourth area is formed in front of an end plate 64 in that extinguishing gas is deflected there through radial outlet openings 65 and exits in an expansion space.

Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, daß bei der Unterbrechereinheit auf unterschiedliche Weise erreicht werden kann, daß sich in dem Abströmkanal Bereiche mit geringerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand und Bereiche mit größerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand abwechseln, wobei Bereiche mit größerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand als Engstellen, Metallgewebe, Lochplatten oder Rückschlagventile ausgebildet werden können, während Bereiche mit geringerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand als zylindrische Rohre oder sich erweiternde konusförmige Rohre ausgebildet sein können.In summary, it can be stated that the interrupter unit can be achieved in different ways, that areas with a lower specific flow resistance and areas with a larger specific flow resistance alternate, areas with a greater specific flow resistance being able to be formed as constrictions, metal mesh, perforated plates or check valves, while areas with a lower specific flow resistance can be formed as cylindrical tubes or widening conical tubes can be trained.

Es erweist sich als vorteilhaft, daß nach der Isolierdüse wenigstens ein Bereich mit geringerem spezifischem Strömungswiderstand in axialer Richtung des Schalters durchlaufen wird, an den sich ein Bereich mit größerem spezifischen Strömungswiderstand anschließt, der ebenfalls in axialer Richtung des Schalters durchströmt wird und daß frühestens danach eine radiale Umlenkung der Gasströmung stattfindet.It proves to be advantageous that at least one area with a lower specific flow resistance in the axial direction of the switch is passed through after the insulating nozzle, which is followed by an area with a larger specific flow resistance, which is also flowed through in the axial direction of the switch, and that after that at the earliest radial deflection of the gas flow takes place.

Entsprechend wie anhand der Figuren 1 bis 7 beschrieben kann auch der antriebsseitige Abströmkanal ausgebildet sein, der im Inneren des tulpenförmigen Lichtbogenkontaktstücks beginnt.Corresponding to that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, the outflow channel on the drive side can also be formed, which begins in the interior of the tulip-shaped arcing contact piece.

Claims (10)

  1. High-voltage circuit breaker having two arcing contact pieces (4, 5) which are separated from one another when disconnected and between which an arc (12) is struck, possibly in an arcing area (9) filled with a quenching gas, with a quenching gas which has been heated by the arc (12) flowing out from the constriction point (6) of an insulating nozzle (7) which surrounds the arcing area, through at least one outlet flow channel (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 37, 38, 39, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56, 57), which has a number of areas which the quenching gas passes through successively,
    characterized in that
    the first area, which faces the constriction point (6) of the nozzle, has a specific flow resistance which is less than that of the constriction point (6), and in that the first area in the outlet flow direction of the quenching gas is followed by at least one second area (13, 17, 23, 29, 41, 50, 52), one third area (14, 18, 27, 37, 46, 49, 55) and one fourth area (15, 19, 24, 30, 47, 48), with the specific flow resistance of the second area (13, 17, 23, 29, 41, 50, 52), and of the fourth area (15, 19, 24, 30, 47, 48), in each case being greater than the specific flow resistance of the immediately preceding area in the outlet flow direction, and in that the specific flow resistance of the third area (14, 18, 27, 37, 46, 49, 55) is less than that of the second area (13, 17, 23, 29, 41, 50, 52).
  2. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the fourth area (15, 19, 40, 47, 48), whose specific flow resistance is greater than that of the preceding area (14, 18, 39, 46, 49, 55), is in the form of a radial deflection apparatus for the quenching gas flow.
  3. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the areas (13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 24, 29, 30, 41, 47, 48, 50, 52) which each have a higher specific flow resistance, have cross-sectional constrictions in the outlet flow channel.
  4. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 3,
    characterized in that
    the cross-sectional constrictions are in the form of nozzles.
  5. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 1 or one of the other claims,
    characterized in that
    at least one of the areas (30, 42, 52) having a higher specific flow resistance is in the form of a non-return valve or a group of non-return valves.
  6. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the non-return valve or valves (30, 41, 52) has/have a linearly moving plate, which may close an opening.
  7. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    at least one of the non-return valves (41, 52) has at least one, and in particular two (44), closure flaps (43, 58)
    which can pivot about a hinge (42).
  8. High-voltage circuit breaker according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    at least one of the areas (29, 30, 31, 47, 57) having a higher specific flow resistance is in the form of a body (32, 33, 34) provided with a number of through-flow openings (35).
  9. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 1 or one of the other claims,
    characterized in that
    at least one of the areas (47) having a higher specific flow resistance has a flow damping device.
  10. High-voltage circuit breaker according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the outlet flow channel extends from the nozzle constriction point (6) to a drive side, and in that at least one of the areas (60, 65) having a higher specific flow resistance follows, in the direction of the quenching gas flow, a drive-side vacuum interrupter (62), to which the drive-side arcing contact piece (4) is fitted.
EP00949083A 1999-06-11 2000-06-09 High-voltage circuit breaker with a discharge channel Revoked EP1185996B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19928080 1999-06-11
DE19928080A DE19928080C5 (en) 1999-06-11 1999-06-11 High voltage circuit breaker with a discharge channel
PCT/DE2000/001918 WO2000077809A1 (en) 1999-06-11 2000-06-09 High-voltage circuit breaker with a discharge channel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1185996A1 EP1185996A1 (en) 2002-03-13
EP1185996B1 true EP1185996B1 (en) 2003-09-10

Family

ID=7911813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00949083A Revoked EP1185996B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2000-06-09 High-voltage circuit breaker with a discharge channel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6646850B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1185996B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1186795C (en)
AU (1) AU6259600A (en)
DE (2) DE19928080C5 (en)
WO (1) WO2000077809A1 (en)

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EP2063445A1 (en) 2007-11-22 2009-05-27 Areva T & D SA Improved high-voltage circuit breaker with gas release
CN101000837B (en) * 2006-01-13 2010-06-09 河南平高电气股份有限公司 High voltage circuit breaker

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US8530774B2 (en) 2007-11-22 2013-09-10 Areva T&D Sa High voltage circuit breaker with improved gas exhaust

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1186795C (en) 2005-01-26
US6646850B1 (en) 2003-11-11
EP1185996A1 (en) 2002-03-13
DE19928080C5 (en) 2006-11-16
DE19928080C1 (en) 2001-02-08
WO2000077809A1 (en) 2000-12-21
CN1355925A (en) 2002-06-26
DE50003658D1 (en) 2003-10-16
AU6259600A (en) 2001-01-02

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