EP1185785B1 - Injection system - Google Patents

Injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1185785B1
EP1185785B1 EP01909459A EP01909459A EP1185785B1 EP 1185785 B1 EP1185785 B1 EP 1185785B1 EP 01909459 A EP01909459 A EP 01909459A EP 01909459 A EP01909459 A EP 01909459A EP 1185785 B1 EP1185785 B1 EP 1185785B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection
fuel
fuel pump
injection system
electronically controlled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01909459A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1185785A1 (en
Inventor
Jaroslaw Hlousek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1185785A1 publication Critical patent/EP1185785A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F02M63/0007—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using electrically actuated valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/12—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/004—Joints; Sealings
    • F02M55/005—Joints; Sealings for high pressure conduits, e.g. connected to pump outlet or to injector inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/022—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type having an accumulator storing pressurised fuel during pumping stroke of the piston for subsequent delivery to the injector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/40—Fuel-injection apparatus with fuel accumulators, e.g. a fuel injector having an integrated fuel accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection system for an internal combustion engine with multiple to be supplied cylinders, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such an injection system can represent a single cylinder system in which the Injection pump is driven for example by a camshaft. at Actuation by a cam becomes the one to be injected in the fuel pump Fuel pressurized and fed to the injector.
  • the start of funding and the delivery end of the fuel pump can, for example, by means of of a slide valve are controlled, which in a first state the delivery chamber connects the pump to a return line so that fuel delivery not done, and in a second state the connection to Return line closes, so that a pressure build-up is possible.
  • the injection pressure is a function of the speed of the camshaft driving the pump.
  • the injection process and a pre-injection can only be performed on the pump side to be influenced. This leads to restrictions regarding the pre-injection quantity and the formation of the injection course as well as unacceptable scatter between the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • the object of the invention is a single cylinder injection system to further develop that not only the injection quantity and the start of injection, but also injection pressure, injection process, pre-injection, post-injection and multi-injection can be influenced in the desired manner can.
  • the injection system according to the invention with the features of the claim 1 has the advantage that by suitable actuation of the electronically controlled valve on the injector that supplied by the fuel pump Volume of fuel can be injected in the desired manner, wherein additional parameters for the control of the injection process are provided be independent of the start and end of delivery of the fuel pump are.
  • additional parameters for the control of the injection process are provided be independent of the start and end of delivery of the fuel pump are.
  • the invention Injection system now essentially independent of the delivery rate of the Fuel pump to be injected.
  • the system according to the invention offers greater operational reliability since a possible failure of the fuel pump only due to the modular Structure of the system, the corresponding cylinder of the internal combustion engine is affected.
  • the course of the injection can be varied in the same way can be controlled as is possible with a common raif system.
  • FIG. 1 an injection system according to the invention according to a first embodiment shown. It contains a fuel pump as the most important components 10, an injection nozzle 12 and a connecting line 14 between the fuel pump and the injector.
  • the fuel pump 10 is actuated by a rotating cam 16 and has a pump piston 18 which is adjusted in a pressure chamber 20.
  • the Fuel to be injected is shown schematically by the fuel pump 10 shown fuel supply 22 supplied.
  • a fuel return 24 is provided for return to a fuel tank. That from the fuel supply 22 and a pre-feed pump for the fuel Low pressure system and the unpressurized formed by the fuel return 24 Return systems are not shown in the drawing. Also not in Various leakage returns 26, the fuel return, are shown in detail 24 can be attributed.
  • the fuel pump 10 is provided with a control slide 28, which an electronically controlled actuator 30 is operated with a electronic control unit 32 is connected.
  • the control slide 28 may, depending on instructions from the control unit 32 Control member 30 between an open position in which the pressure chamber 20th the fuel pump with the fuel inlet 22 and the fuel return 24 is connected so that no fuel delivery takes place, and one closed position in which the connection to the Fuel supply and fuel return is closed and one Displacement of the pump piston 18 in the pressure chamber 20 leads to the fact that the Pressure chamber 20 available fuel via the connecting line 14 to Injector 12 is promoted.
  • the injection nozzle 12 which is provided with a storage space 13, has one Nozzle needle 34 on between a closed position in which the provided fuel can not escape from the injector 12. and an open position is displaceable, in which the provided Fuel is injected into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • the Nozzle needle 34 is supported on a push rod 36 (see FIG. 2), one Control pressure chamber 38 closes on one side.
  • the control pressure chamber 38 is with provided an inlet 40, one as a bore with a small cross section trained inlet throttle 42, and with an outlet 44, the one drain throttle 46 also designed as a bore with a small cross section having.
  • the cross section of the outlet throttle 46 is larger than that Cross section of the inlet throttle 42.
  • the outlet 44 from the control pressure chamber 38 is provided by a valve element 48 controlled by an actuator 50, which is also connected to the control unit 32 is connected between a position closing the drain 44 and a position releasing the drain 44 is adjustable. If that Valve element 48 closes the outlet 44, is in the control pressure chamber 38 Fluid supplied via the inlet 40, typically fuel, is pent up. As a result, a force is exerted on the nozzle needle 34 via the push rod 36 exercised which this against an opening force, which of the Nozzle needle applied fuel pressure is generated in the closed Holds position. On the other hand, if the valve element 48 releases the drain 44, can the fluid accumulated in the control pressure chamber 38 flows out of the latter since the Outlet throttle 46 has a larger cross section than the inlet throttle 46. Thus, no more force is opposed to a displacement of the push rod 36, and the nozzle needle 34 is affected by the fuel pressure acting on it lifted off their valve seat so that the fuel is injected into the cylinder can be.
  • the operation of the injection system described is as follows: The Injection process is initiated with the activation of the actuator 30. This moves the spool 28 into position. in the the connection between pressure chamber and fuel inlet and fuel return closed is. so that the fuel pump delivers. This will remove the pump piston 18 fuel in the connecting line 14 and in the injector 12 compressed.
  • the nozzle needle 34 remains in her as long closed position until the desired pressure level is reached; the time between closing the spool 28 and opening the Nozzle needle 34 thereby defines the available injection pressure.
  • Valve element 48 opened so that the nozzle needle 34 moves away from its valve seat can take off.
  • the current through the actuator 30 is dependent on the angle of rotation the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine to be supplied with fuel shown.
  • the current through the actuator 50 is the Injection nozzle shown depending on the crankshaft rotation angle.
  • Fig. 6c is the stroke of the control slide 28 as a function of the crankshaft rotation angle shown.
  • Fig. 6d the stroke of the valve element 48 is finally dependent represented by the crankshaft rotation angle.
  • valve element 48 take place independently of the control of the control slide 28 can, so that the desired course of injection can be freely selected.
  • FIG. 3 shows an injection system according to a second embodiment. It differs from the injection system shown in FIG. 1 in that that inside the fuel pump 10, a high-pressure collecting space 21 between the pump piston 18 and the control slide 28 is arranged.
  • the High-pressure collecting space 21 acts in the manner of a pressure accumulator, so that one even greater time delay between the start of funding Fuel pump 10 and opening the nozzle needle 34 of the injector 12 is possible.
  • valve spool 52 is used, so that a 3/2-way valve is formed.
  • An inlet throttle 42 and an outlet throttle 46 are also provided here, with the opening of the valve slide 52 the inlet to the nozzle needle 34 is opened.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an injection system for an internal combustion engine, comprising an electronically controlled fuel pump (10), for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine to be supplied, an injection nozzle (12) provided with a jet needle (34) and a connection line (14) between the fuel pump and the injection nozzle. The aim of the invention is to have a freely selectable injection process. Said aim is achieved whereby the injection nozzle has an electronically controlled valve (48, 50; 50, 52), which can control the opening of the jet needle (34).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Einspritzsystem für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit mehreren zu versorgenden Zylindern, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an injection system for an internal combustion engine with multiple to be supplied cylinders, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solches Einspritzsystem kann ein Einzelzylindersystem darstellen, bei dem die Einspritzpumpe beispielsweise von einer Nockenwelle angetrieben wird. Bei Betätigung durch einen Nocken wird in der Kraftstoffpumpe der einzuspritzende Kraftstoff unter Druck gesetzt und der Einspritzdüse zugeführt. Der Förderbeginn und das Förderende der Kraftstoffpumpe kann beispielsweise mittels eines Schieberventils gesteuert werden, das in einem ersten Zustand den Förderraum der Pumpe mit einer Rücklaufleitung verbindet, so daß eine Kraftstofförderung nicht erfolgt, und in einem zweiten Zustand die Verbindung zur Rücklaufleitung schließt, so daß ein Druckaufbau möglich ist. Auf diese Weise können der Einspritzbeginn und über eine Steuerung der Länge des Einspritzvorganges auch die Einspritzmenge gesteuert werden. Jedoch ist der Einspritzdruck eine Funktion der Drehzahl der die Pumpe antreibenden Nockenwelle. Auch können der Einspritzverlauf und eine Voreinspritzung nur pumpenseitig beeinflußt werden. Dies führt zu Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Voreinspritzmenge und der Formung des Einspritzverlaufs sowie zu unakzeptablen Streuungen zwischen den einzelnen Zylindern der Verbrennungskraftmaschine.Such an injection system can represent a single cylinder system in which the Injection pump is driven for example by a camshaft. at Actuation by a cam becomes the one to be injected in the fuel pump Fuel pressurized and fed to the injector. The start of funding and the delivery end of the fuel pump can, for example, by means of of a slide valve are controlled, which in a first state the delivery chamber connects the pump to a return line so that fuel delivery not done, and in a second state the connection to Return line closes, so that a pressure build-up is possible. In this way can start injection and control the length of the injection process the injection quantity can also be controlled. However, the injection pressure is a function of the speed of the camshaft driving the pump. The injection process and a pre-injection can only be performed on the pump side to be influenced. This leads to restrictions regarding the pre-injection quantity and the formation of the injection course as well as unacceptable scatter between the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine.

Aus der DE 197 32 447 A1 ist ein Einspritzsystem der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, das ein Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem darstellt. Bei diesem System werden mehrere Zylinder von einer Kraftstoffpumpe versorgt, die über eine Verbindungsleitung an mehrere Einspritzdüsen angeschlossen ist. Die Einspritzdüsen sind mit einer Düsennadel und einem Ventil versehen, welches das Öffnen der Düsennadel steuern kann.DE 197 32 447 A1 describes an injection system of the type mentioned at the beginning Kind of known the one Represents common rail fuel system. With this system there are several Cylinder powered by a fuel pump connected to a connecting line multiple injectors is connected. The injectors are with one Nozzle needle and a valve provided that the opening of the nozzle needle can control.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Einzelzylinder-Einspritzsystem dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß nicht nur die Einspritzmenge und der Spritzbeginn, sondern auch Einspritzdruck, Einspritzverlauf, Voreinspritzung, Nacheinspritzung und Multi-Einspritzung in der gewünschten Weise beeinflußt werden können.The object of the invention is a single cylinder injection system to further develop that not only the injection quantity and the start of injection, but also injection pressure, injection process, pre-injection, post-injection and multi-injection can be influenced in the desired manner can.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Einspritzsystem mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, daß durch geeignete Betätigung des elektronisch gesteuerten Ventils an der Einspritzdüse das von der Kraftstoffpumpe gelieferte Kraftstoffvolumen in der gewünschten Weise eingespritzt werden kann, wobei zusätzliche Parameter für die Steuerung des Einspritzverlaufs bereitgestellt werden, die von Förderbeginn und Förderende der Kraftstoffpumpe unabhängig sind. Anders als bei herkömmlichen Systemen, bei denen sich die Düsennadel automatisch geöffnet hat, sobald nach Förderbeginn der Kraftstoffpumpe ein vorbestimmter Druck überschritten wurde, und sich die Düsennadel ebenfalls automatisch wieder geschlossen hat, sobald gegen Förderende ein bestimmter Mindestdruck unterschritten wurde, kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzsystem nunmehr im wesentlichen unabhängig von der Förderrate der Kraftstoffpumpe eingespritzt werden. Es ist weiterhin möglich, bei gleichen Abmessungen der Kraftstoffpumpe nunmehr den gesamten Hub der Pumpe zu nutzen und dadurch die Leistung des Systems bei gleichen Abmessungen zu erhöhen. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß nur geringe Modifikationen gegenüber den herkömmlichen Systemen erforderlich sind. Es muß lediglich die bisher verwendete Einspritzdüse durch eine elektronisch geregelte Einspritzdüse ersetzt werden. The injection system according to the invention with the features of the claim 1 has the advantage that by suitable actuation of the electronically controlled valve on the injector that supplied by the fuel pump Volume of fuel can be injected in the desired manner, wherein additional parameters for the control of the injection process are provided be independent of the start and end of delivery of the fuel pump are. Unlike with conventional systems, in which the nozzle needle has opened automatically as soon as the fuel pump starts after delivery begins predetermined pressure was exceeded, and the nozzle needle also automatically closed again as soon as a certain one towards the end of funding The minimum pressure was undershot, can with the invention Injection system now essentially independent of the delivery rate of the Fuel pump to be injected. It is still possible to do the same Dimensions of the fuel pump now the entire stroke of the pump use and thereby the performance of the system with the same dimensions increase. Another advantage is that only minor modifications compared to conventional systems. It just has to Injector previously used through an electronically controlled injector be replaced.

Im Vergleich mit sogenannten "Common-Rail-Systemen", bei denen eine einzige Kraftstoffpumpe zur Versorgung eines Hochdruckspeichers verwendet wird, aus dem dann der Kraftstoff in die einzelnen Zylinder eingespritzt wird bietet das erfindungsgemäße System eine höhere Betriebssicherheit, da bei einem eventuellen Ausfall der Kraftstoffpumpe nur, aufgrund des modularen Aufbaus des Systems, der entsprechende Zylinder der Verbrennungskraftmaschine betroffen ist. Der Einspritzverlauf kann dabei in gleicher Weise variabel gesteuert werden, wie dies bei einem Common-Raif-System möglich ist.In comparison with so-called "common rail systems", in which one only fuel pump used to supply a high pressure accumulator from which the fuel is then injected into the individual cylinders the system according to the invention offers greater operational reliability since a possible failure of the fuel pump only due to the modular Structure of the system, the corresponding cylinder of the internal combustion engine is affected. The course of the injection can be varied in the same way can be controlled as is possible with a common raif system.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Zeichnungendrawings

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand verschiedener Ausführungsformen beschrieben, die in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt sind. In diesen zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 in einer schematischen, teilgeschnittenen Ansicht ein erfindungsgemäßes Einspritzsystem gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 2 in vergrößertem Maßstab den Ausschnitt II von Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 in einer Ansicht entsprechend derjenigen von Fig. 1 ein Einspritzsystem gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 4 in einer Schnittansicht eine Einspritzdüse, die bei einem Einspritzsystem gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwendet werden kann;
  • Fig. 5 in vergrößertem Maßstab den Ausschnitt V von Fig. 4; und
  • die Fig. 6a bis 6d verschiedene Diagramme von Kenngrößen, die für den Einspritzverlauf relevant sind, der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzsystem erzielbar ist.
The invention is described below with reference to various embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In these show:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic, partially sectioned view of an injection system according to the invention according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale the detail II of Fig. 1;
  • 3 shows a view corresponding to that of FIG. 1, an injection system according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • 4 shows a sectional view of an injection nozzle which can be used in an injection system according to a third embodiment of the invention;
  • 5 shows the detail V from FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale; and
  • 6a to 6d show various diagrams of parameters which are relevant to the course of the injection which can be achieved with the injection system according to the invention.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Einspritzsystem gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform dargestellt. Es enthält als die wesentlichsten Bauteile eine Kraftstoffpumpe 10, eine Einspritzdüse 12 sowie eine Verbindungsleitung 14 zwischen der Kraftstoffpumpe und der Einspritzdüse.In Fig. 1, an injection system according to the invention according to a first embodiment shown. It contains a fuel pump as the most important components 10, an injection nozzle 12 and a connecting line 14 between the fuel pump and the injector.

Die Kraftstoffpumpe 10 wird von einem sich drehenden Nocken 16 betätigt und weist einen Pumpkolben 18 auf, der sich in einem Druckraum 20 verstellt. Der einzuspritzende Kraftstoff wird der Kraftstoffpumpe 10 durch einen schematisch dargestellten Kraftstoff-Zulauf 22 zugeführt. Zur Rückführung zu einem Kraftstoff-Vorratsbehälter ist ein Kraftstoff-Rücklauf 24 vorgesehen. Das vom Kraftstoff-Zulauf 22 und einer Vorförderpumpe für den Kraftstoff gebildete Niederdrucksystem sowie das vom Kraftstoff-Rücklauf 24 gebildete drucklose Rückführsystem sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt. Ebenfalls nicht im Detail dargestellt sind verschiedene Leckage-Rückläufe 26, die dem Kraftstoff-Rücklauf 24 zugerechnet werden können.The fuel pump 10 is actuated by a rotating cam 16 and has a pump piston 18 which is adjusted in a pressure chamber 20. The Fuel to be injected is shown schematically by the fuel pump 10 shown fuel supply 22 supplied. For return to a fuel tank a fuel return 24 is provided. That from the fuel supply 22 and a pre-feed pump for the fuel Low pressure system and the unpressurized formed by the fuel return 24 Return systems are not shown in the drawing. Also not in Various leakage returns 26, the fuel return, are shown in detail 24 can be attributed.

Die Kraftstoffpumpe 10 ist mit einem Steuerschieber 28 versehen, der von einem elektronisch gesteuerten Stellglied 30 betätigt wird, das mit einer elektronischen Steuereinheit 32 in Verbindung steht. Der Steuerschieber 28 kann in Abhängigkeit von Anweisungen von der Steuereinheit 32 vom Steuerglied 30 zwischen einer offenen Stellung, in welcher der Druckraum 20 der Kraftstoffpumpe mit dem Kraftstoff-Zulauf 22 und dem Kraftstoff-Rücklauf 24 verbunden ist, so daß keine Kraftstofförderung stattfindet, und einer geschlossenen Stellung verstellt werden, in welcher die Verbindung zum Kraftstoff-Zulauf und zum Kraftstoff-Rücklauf geschlossen ist und eine Verschiebung des Pumpkolbens 18 im Druckraum 20 dazu führt, daß der im Druckraum 20 vorhandene Kraftstoff über die Verbindungsleitung 14 zur Einspritzdüse 12 gefördert wird. The fuel pump 10 is provided with a control slide 28, which an electronically controlled actuator 30 is operated with a electronic control unit 32 is connected. The control slide 28 may, depending on instructions from the control unit 32 Control member 30 between an open position in which the pressure chamber 20th the fuel pump with the fuel inlet 22 and the fuel return 24 is connected so that no fuel delivery takes place, and one closed position in which the connection to the Fuel supply and fuel return is closed and one Displacement of the pump piston 18 in the pressure chamber 20 leads to the fact that the Pressure chamber 20 available fuel via the connecting line 14 to Injector 12 is promoted.

Die Einspritzdüse 12. die mit einem Speicherraum 13 versehen ist, weist eine Düsennadel 34 auf, die zwischen einer geschlossenen Stellung, in der der bereitgestellte Kraftstoff nicht aus der Einspritzdüse 12 austreten kann. und einer geöffneten Stellung verschiebbar ist, in welcher der bereitgestellte Kraftstoff in den Zylinder der Verbrennungskraftmaschine eingespritzt wird. Die Düsennadel 34 stützt sich an einer Druckstange 36 (siehe Fig. 2) ab, die einen Steuerdruckraum 38 an einer Seite abschließt. Der Steuerdruckraum 38 ist mit einem Zulauf 40 versehen, der eine als Bohrung mit kleinem Querschnitt ausgebildete Zulaufdrossel 42 aufweist, sowie mit einem Ablauf 44, der eine ebenfalls als Bohrung mit kleinem Querschnitt ausgebildete Ablaufdrossel 46 aufweist. Der Querschnitt der Ablaufdrossel 46 ist dabei größer als der Querschnitt der Zulaufdrossel 42.The injection nozzle 12, which is provided with a storage space 13, has one Nozzle needle 34 on between a closed position in which the provided fuel can not escape from the injector 12. and an open position is displaceable, in which the provided Fuel is injected into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The Nozzle needle 34 is supported on a push rod 36 (see FIG. 2), one Control pressure chamber 38 closes on one side. The control pressure chamber 38 is with provided an inlet 40, one as a bore with a small cross section trained inlet throttle 42, and with an outlet 44, the one drain throttle 46 also designed as a bore with a small cross section having. The cross section of the outlet throttle 46 is larger than that Cross section of the inlet throttle 42.

Der Ablauf 44 aus dem Steuerdruckraum 38 wird von einem Ventilelement 48 gesteuert, das von einem Stellglied 50, das ebenfalls mit der Steuereinheit 32 in Verbindung steht, zwischen einer den Ablauf 44 verschließenden Stellung und einer den Ablauf 44 freigebenden Stellung verstellbar ist. Wenn das Ventilelement 48 den Ablauf 44 verschließt, wird im Steuerdruckraum 38 ein über den Zulauf 40 zugeführtes Fluid, üblicherweise Kraftstoff, aufgestaut. Dadurch wird über die Druckstange 36 eine Kraft auf die Düsennadel 34 ausgeübt, welche diese entgegen einer Öffnungskraft, die von dem an der Düsennadel anliegenden Kraftstoffdruck erzeugt wird, in der geschlossenen Stellung hält. Wenn dagegen das Ventilelement 48 den Ablauf 44 freigibt, kann das im Steuerdruckraum 38 aufgestaute Fluid aus diesem ausströmen, da die Ablaufdrossel 46 einen größeren Querschnitt hat als die Zulaufdrossel 46. Somit wird einer Verschiebung der Druckstange 36 keine Kraft mehr entgegengesetzt, und die Düsennadel 34 wird von dem auf sie einwirkenden Kraftstoffdruck von ihrem Ventilsitz abgehoben, so daß der Kraftstoff in den Zylinder eingespritzt werden kann. The outlet 44 from the control pressure chamber 38 is provided by a valve element 48 controlled by an actuator 50, which is also connected to the control unit 32 is connected between a position closing the drain 44 and a position releasing the drain 44 is adjustable. If that Valve element 48 closes the outlet 44, is in the control pressure chamber 38 Fluid supplied via the inlet 40, typically fuel, is pent up. As a result, a force is exerted on the nozzle needle 34 via the push rod 36 exercised which this against an opening force, which of the Nozzle needle applied fuel pressure is generated in the closed Holds position. On the other hand, if the valve element 48 releases the drain 44, can the fluid accumulated in the control pressure chamber 38 flows out of the latter since the Outlet throttle 46 has a larger cross section than the inlet throttle 46. Thus, no more force is opposed to a displacement of the push rod 36, and the nozzle needle 34 is affected by the fuel pressure acting on it lifted off their valve seat so that the fuel is injected into the cylinder can be.

Die Funktionsweise des beschriebenen Einspritzsystems ist die folgende: Der Einspritzvorgang wird mit der Aktivierung des Stellgliedes 30 eingeleitet. Dieses verschiebt den Steuerschieber 28 in die Stellung. in der die Verbindung zwischen Druckraum und Kraftstoff-Zulauf sowie Kraftstoff-Rücklauf geschlossen ist. so daß die Kraftstoffpumpe fördert. Dadurch wird vom Pumpkolben 18 Kraftstoff in der Verbindungsleitung 14 und in der Einspritzdüse 12 komprimiert. Die Düsennadel 34 verbleibt dabei solange in ihrer geschlossenen Stellung, bis das gewünschte Druckniveau erreicht ist; die Zeit zwischen dem Schließen des Steuerschiebers 28 und dem Öffnen der Düsennadel 34 definiert dadurch den zur Verfügung stehenden Einspritzdruck. Wenn der Einspritzvorgang beginnen soll, wird der Ablauf 44 vom Ventilelement 48 geöffnet, so daß sich die Düsennadel 34 von ihrem Ventilsitz abheben kann. Dabei kann durch die vom Steuerschieber 28 unabhängige Betätigung des Ventilelementes 48 eine Voreinspritzung, eine Haupteinspritzung mit einem beliebigen Einspritzverlauf sowie eine Nacheinspritzung gesteuert werden. Die verschiedenen Kenngrößen, die dabei relevant sind, sind im Diagramm der Fig. 6a bis 6d dargestellt.The operation of the injection system described is as follows: The Injection process is initiated with the activation of the actuator 30. This moves the spool 28 into position. in the the connection between pressure chamber and fuel inlet and fuel return closed is. so that the fuel pump delivers. This will remove the pump piston 18 fuel in the connecting line 14 and in the injector 12 compressed. The nozzle needle 34 remains in her as long closed position until the desired pressure level is reached; the time between closing the spool 28 and opening the Nozzle needle 34 thereby defines the available injection pressure. When the injection process is to begin, the process 44 is started Valve element 48 opened so that the nozzle needle 34 moves away from its valve seat can take off. It can be independent of the control slide 28 Actuation of the valve element 48 a pre-injection, a Main injection with any injection course as well as one Post injection can be controlled. The various parameters that are involved relevant are shown in the diagram of FIGS. 6a to 6d.

In Fig. 6a ist der Strom durch das Stellglied 30 in Abhängigkeit von dem Drehwinkel der Kurbelwelle der mit Kraftstoff zu versorgenden Verbrennungskraftmaschine gezeigt. In Fig. 6a ist der Strom durch das Stellglied 50 der Einspritzdüse in Abhängigkeit vom Kurbelwellen-Drehwinkel gezeigt. In Fig. 6c ist der Hub des Steuerschiebers 28 in Abhängigkeit vom Kurbelwellen-Drehwinkel gezeigt. In Fig. 6d ist schließlich der Hub des Ventilelementes 48 in Abhängigkeit vom Kurbelwellen-Drehwinkel dargestellt.In Fig. 6a, the current through the actuator 30 is dependent on the angle of rotation the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine to be supplied with fuel shown. In Fig. 6a, the current through the actuator 50 is the Injection nozzle shown depending on the crankshaft rotation angle. In Fig. 6c is the stroke of the control slide 28 as a function of the crankshaft rotation angle shown. In Fig. 6d, the stroke of the valve element 48 is finally dependent represented by the crankshaft rotation angle.

In den Diagrammen ist deutlich zu sehen, daß die Steuerung des Ventilelementes 48 unabhängig von der Steuerung des Steuerschiebers 28 erfolgen kann, so daß der gewünschte Einspritzverlauf frei wählbar ist. The diagrams clearly show that the control of the valve element 48 take place independently of the control of the control slide 28 can, so that the desired course of injection can be freely selected.

In Fig. 3 ist ein Einspritzsystem gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform gezeigt. Es unterscheidet sich von dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Einspritzsystem dadurch, daß im Inneren der Kraftstoffpumpe 10 ein Hochdruck-Sammelraum 21 zwischen dem Pumpkolben 18 und dem Steuerschieber 28 angeordnet ist. Der Hochdruck-Sammelraum 21 wirkt nach Art eines Druckspeichers, so daß eine noch größere Zeitverzögerung zwischen dem Förderbeginn der Kraftstoffpumpe 10 und dem Öffnen der Düsennadel 34 der Einspritzdüse 12 möglich ist.3 shows an injection system according to a second embodiment. It differs from the injection system shown in FIG. 1 in that that inside the fuel pump 10, a high-pressure collecting space 21 between the pump piston 18 and the control slide 28 is arranged. The High-pressure collecting space 21 acts in the manner of a pressure accumulator, so that one even greater time delay between the start of funding Fuel pump 10 and opening the nozzle needle 34 of the injector 12 is possible.

In den Fig. 4 und 5 ist eine Einspritzdüse 12 für ein Einspritzsystem gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform gezeigt. Anstelle des Ventilelementes 48 wird hier ein Ventilschieber 52 verwendet, so daß ein 3/2-Wege-Ventil gebildet ist. Auch hier sind eine Zulaufdrossel 42 und eine Ablaufdrossel 46 vorgesehen, wobei mit Öffnen des Ventilschiebers 52 der Zulauf zur Düsennadel 34 geöffnet wird. Im geschlossenen Zustand des Ventilschiebers 52 wird der Zulauf zur Düsennadel 34 sowie der Düsenraum insgesamt durch den Ventilschieber 52 zum Kraftstoff-Rücklauf 24 entlastet. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform besteht darin, daß die Einspritzdüse nur während der Einspritzung mit dem Kraftstoffdruck beaufschlagt wird.4 and 5 is an injection nozzle 12 for an injection system according to a third embodiment shown. Instead of the valve element 48 here a valve spool 52 is used, so that a 3/2-way valve is formed. An inlet throttle 42 and an outlet throttle 46 are also provided here, with the opening of the valve slide 52 the inlet to the nozzle needle 34 is opened. In the closed state of the valve spool 52, the Inlet to the nozzle needle 34 and the nozzle space as a whole through the Relief valve slide 52 to the fuel return 24. The advantage of this Embodiment is that the injector only during the Injection with the fuel pressure is applied.

Claims (4)

  1. Injection system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders to be supplied, the injection system comprising an electronic control unit (32) and, for each individual cylinder, the following:
    a fuel pump (10),
    an injection nozzle (12) which is provided with a nozzle needle (34) and with an electronically controlled valve (48, 50; 50, 52) which can control the opening of the nozzle needle (34),
    a connecting line (14) between the fuel pump (10) and the injection nozzle (12),
    both each of the fuel pumps (10) and each of the electronically controlled valves (48, 50; 50, 52) being connected to the electronic control unit (32) and being controlled by the latter, characterized in that each injection nozzle (12) is provided with a storage space (13) which is flow-connected both to the connecting line (14) and to the nozzle needle (34) and in which a fluid can be built up by means of the electronically controlled valve (48, 50; 50, 52), so that the pressure then acting holds the nozzle needle (34) in its closed position.
  2. Injection system according to Claim 1, characterized in that each fuel pump (10) is provided with an electronically controlled control slide (28).
  3. Injection system according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each fuel pump (10) is provided with a high-pressure space (21).
  4. Injection system according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each electronically controlled valve is a 3/2-way valve is provided with a valve slide (52).
EP01909459A 2000-01-19 2001-01-13 Injection system Expired - Lifetime EP1185785B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10002109A DE10002109A1 (en) 2000-01-19 2000-01-19 Injection system
DE10002109 2000-01-19
PCT/DE2001/000119 WO2001053691A1 (en) 2000-01-19 2001-01-13 Injection system

Publications (2)

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EP1185785A1 EP1185785A1 (en) 2002-03-13
EP1185785B1 true EP1185785B1 (en) 2004-10-06

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US (1) US6626149B2 (en)
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JP (1) JP4571771B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100714855B1 (en)
BR (1) BR0104086B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10002109A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2273764C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001053691A1 (en)

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BR0104086A (en) 2001-12-26
RU2273764C2 (en) 2006-04-10
JP4571771B2 (en) 2010-10-27
WO2001053691A1 (en) 2001-07-26
BR0104086B1 (en) 2009-05-05
JP2003520327A (en) 2003-07-02
DE10002109A1 (en) 2001-08-02
DE50103958D1 (en) 2004-11-11
EP1185785A1 (en) 2002-03-13
US6626149B2 (en) 2003-09-30
KR20010113745A (en) 2001-12-28
US20020134358A1 (en) 2002-09-26
KR100714855B1 (en) 2007-05-08

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