EP1178880B1 - Protective fabric for casting concrete in a form - Google Patents

Protective fabric for casting concrete in a form Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1178880B1
EP1178880B1 EP00921249A EP00921249A EP1178880B1 EP 1178880 B1 EP1178880 B1 EP 1178880B1 EP 00921249 A EP00921249 A EP 00921249A EP 00921249 A EP00921249 A EP 00921249A EP 1178880 B1 EP1178880 B1 EP 1178880B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
protective fabric
fabric
protective
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP00921249A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1178880A1 (en
Inventor
Leif Asman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KB-PRODUKTER I NYBRO AB
Original Assignee
KB-PRODUKTER I NYBRO AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by KB-PRODUKTER I NYBRO AB filed Critical KB-PRODUKTER I NYBRO AB
Priority to DK00921249T priority Critical patent/DK1178880T3/en
Publication of EP1178880A1 publication Critical patent/EP1178880A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1178880B1 publication Critical patent/EP1178880B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/44—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for treating with gases or degassing, e.g. for de-aerating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/10—Forming or shuttering elements for general use with additional peculiarities such as surface shaping, insulating or heating, permeability to water or air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air-permeable protective fabric for casting concrete in a form, the form consisting of flat form boards having a front to be directed towards the concrete and a back to be directed away from the concrete, the protective fabric being intended to be arranged between the form and the concrete to permit air from the concrete to migrate through the fabric and further along the same out in the open air.
  • the form When casting concrete in a form, the form is made up of form boards which usually have standard dimensions but which can also be sawn out to other dimensions as desired. In the joint between neighbouring form boards, studs are usually arranged to hold the form boards together by means of nail joints or the like.
  • flowing concrete can be poured into the form.
  • a great problem in such casting of concrete in a form is the air which in the form of bubbles can remain in the solidifying concrete and make it porous, frequently with bubbles in the surface. According to prior art technique, this problem is obviated by means of an air-permeable protective fabric of the type defined above, which is cut out to the desired dimensions and which in most cases is fixed to the inside of the completed form.
  • the protective fabric also protects the form from any spilled concrete which is difficult to remove from the form board but which does not adhere to the protective fabric.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a protective fabric of the type mentioned by way of introduction, which is foldable round and fixable to the back of a form board and is very durable and easy to remove, clean and reuse and which always gives a very smooth and tight concrete surface.
  • said protective fabric being a hygroscopic fibre cloth, which is made of fibres of a plastic material, such as polyester or polypropylene, which by hot rolling has been given a certain, limited degree of stiffness and pits in the side facing away from the concrete, the protective fabric having a thickness which is smaller than or equal to 1.5 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 1.2 mm, and most advantageously a thickness in the range 0.8 - 1.2 mm, thereby being sufficiently pliable and flexible to be folded round the edges of the form board and be stretched to pliably and closely abut against the front, edges and back of the form board.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that to achieve a smooth and tight concrete surface, from which the protective fabric comes off easily, it is most important that the concrete be watered during curing since, in case of deficiency of water, the surface layer becomes porous and brittle during curing. According to the invention, this is achieved by the hygroscopic cloth material and, in particular, the pits formed in this material in the initial phase of the curing storing excess water so as then to recirculate it to the surface layer of the concrete in the final phase of the curing.
  • the surface layer of the concrete will be extremely tight and hard
  • the protective fabric comes off very easily when stripping and the protective fabric will be very easy to clean since sufficient water has been supplied to all concrete particles so as to cure in the surface layer and not penetrate into and adhere to the protective fabric.
  • the pits are truncated, the truncated top of the cone facing the concrete.
  • the advantage of this type of pits is that they are very easy to manufacture by hot rolling using a roll which has pins projecting from its circumferential surface.
  • the protective fabric according to the invention can also be reinforced, for example, by inserting reinforcing wire. This may be advantageous when large wall surfaces are to be cast or in case of high outdoor temperatures.
  • the protective fabric according to the present invention is preferably fixed to the back of the form board, i.e. the side of the form board facing away from the concrete, with the aid of suitable fixing means, such as nails or tacks.
  • suitable fixing means such as nails or tacks.
  • Fig. 1 shows a form board 1 for a form (not shown) for casting of concrete 2.
  • the form board 1 consists of a flat board of, for example, plywood or steel.
  • the form board 1 has a front 3 to be directed towards the concrete 2 and an opposite side 5, below referred to as the back, to be directed away from the concrete 2.
  • an air-permeable protective fabric 4 which is made of a hygroscopic fibre cloth of a type that will be described in more detail, is arranged to abut against the large face of the front 3 of a form board before this is built into the desired form.
  • the fabric 4 has a larger surface area than the large face of the front 3 of the form board, so that edge portions 4a of the protective fabric 4 get outside the front 3, preferably so that such edge portions 4a form along the entire circumference of the front 3.
  • the edge portions 4a are folded round the edges of the form board 1, as shown in Fig. 1, while the edge portions 4a are stretched (in a conventional manner, not shown in detail) on the back of the form board, so that the fabric 4 is made to abut in a pliable and tight manner, against the front 3, edges and back 5 of the form board 1.
  • the fabric is fixed to the back 5 of the form board 1 in a manner which is conventional per se with the aid of schematically illustrated fixing means 6, such as tacks or nails, by using a stapler of the like.
  • the desired form can be built by conventional joining of the form boards.
  • the protective fabric 4 has a plurality of pits 7 in the form of truncated cones.
  • the truncated top 8 of the cone is adapted to be directed towards the solidifying concrete.
  • the protective fabric 4 functions as follows.
  • the concrete presses the protective fabric 4 more firmly against the form board 1 while at the same time air from the concrete leaks out through the protective fabric. Thanks to the pressure of the concrete against the protective fabric 4, the leaking air will be pressed further along the side of the protective fabric 4 facing away from the concrete, i.e. between the protective fabric 4 and the front 3 of the form board 1, so that the air thus migrates into the open air after having reached the end of the form. Simultaneously, the hygroscopic protective fabric and especially the pits 7 formed therein, in an initial curing phase, take up excess water which then in a final curing phase is recirculated to the surface layer of the concrete, which is thus watered.
  • the protective fabric 4 is made of a hygroscopic fibre cloth, which is made of fibres of a plastic material, such as polyester or polypropylene.
  • the protective fabric 4 is sufficiently soft, pliable and flexible to be folded round the edges of the form board 1.
  • the pliability thus increases by the protective fabric 4 being very thin, having a thickness of ⁇ 1.5 mm, preferably ⁇ 1.2 mm, and most advantageously a thickness in the range 0.8 - 1.2 mm.
  • the fabric has been given a certain, limited degree of stiffness by its two sides being hot rolled in a manner known per se.
  • pits 7 are suitably embossed close to each other in the side of the protective fabric 4 which is intended to face away from the concrete 2, said pits 7 having a depth which essentially corresponds to the thickness of the fabric and contributing to the fabric, in cooperation with the posteriorly situated form board 1, being capable of temporarily storing about 1.5 1 of water per square metre.
  • the pits 7 have an essentially truncated conical shape, the truncated top 8 facing the concrete 2.
  • the fabric material can, according to the invention, consist of, for example, non-woven material of propylene, for example a fabric material which is sold by the company Fiberweb under the trade name I 300 NOW Spund Bond.
  • the fabric can optionally be reinforced, for example by means of inserted reinforcing wire or the like.
  • the reinforcement can be, for example, fibre glass reinforcement, thereby preventing the fabric from stretching because of heat in the warm season.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

An air-permeable protective fabric (4) for casting concrete in a form, the form consisting or flat form boards (1) having a front (3) to be directed towards the concrete (2) and a back (5) to be directed away from the concrete (2), is adapted to be arranged between the form and the concrete (2) to permit air from the concrete (2) to migrate through the fabric (4) and further along this into the open air. The protective fabric (4) is a hygroscopic fibre cloth, which is made of fibres of a plastic material, such as polyester or polypropylene, which by hot rolling has been given a certain, limited degree of stiffness and pits in the side facing away from the concrete (2). The protective fabric (4) has a defined thickness, preferably in the range 0.8 - 1.2 mm, thereby being sufficiently pliable and flexible to be folded round the edges (4a) of the form board (1) and be stretched to abut against the front (3), edges (4a) and back (5) of the form board (1).

Description

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an air-permeable protective fabric for casting concrete in a form, the form consisting of flat form boards having a front to be directed towards the concrete and a back to be directed away from the concrete, the protective fabric being intended to be arranged between the form and the concrete to permit air from the concrete to migrate through the fabric and further along the same out in the open air.
Background Art
When casting concrete in a form, the form is made up of form boards which usually have standard dimensions but which can also be sawn out to other dimensions as desired. In the joint between neighbouring form boards, studs are usually arranged to hold the form boards together by means of nail joints or the like. When the form is completed, flowing concrete can be poured into the form. A great problem in such casting of concrete in a form is the air which in the form of bubbles can remain in the solidifying concrete and make it porous, frequently with bubbles in the surface. According to prior art technique, this problem is obviated by means of an air-permeable protective fabric of the type defined above, which is cut out to the desired dimensions and which in most cases is fixed to the inside of the completed form. The protective fabric also protects the form from any spilled concrete which is difficult to remove from the form board but which does not adhere to the protective fabric.
By the prior art protective fabrics often being fixed by tacks or nails or by means of a stapler to the inside of the form, several drawbacks arise. On the one hand it is difficult to stretch the fabric to a sufficient degree and, on the other hand, ugly marks are made in the concrete surface by the nail or tack by means of which the fabric was attached to the form. Moreover, a plurality of holes are made in the protective fabric by the tack or nail, which makes it impossible to reuse the fabric since there is a risk of concrete leaking through the damaged portions of the fabric. Concrete may also leak close to the edge of the form board, where the fabric ends.
A known solution to prevent concrete from leaking is described in patent specification EP 0,429,752 Al. According to this specification, an air-permeable protective fabric is folded round the edges of the form boards to be clamped to the back of the form boards by means of stretching devices. Further, a grid is preferably placed between the protective fabric and the form boards, which imparts to the cured concrete a patterned, but unusually pore-free surface. It is also stated that experiments without a grid have produced a comparable result.
In practice, it has been found that the solution suggested by the EP patent specification, involving the intermediate grid which causes a patterned surface, is not used and that the solution without this grid is unsuitable since the protective fabric tends to adhere as the concrete cures. Consequently, the stripping must take place quickly and the leaving of the fabric, which is indicated as a possible alternative, and the subsequent watering thereof after stripping only result in the protective fabric adhering to the concrete surface. As a result, the fabric is rapidly destroyed since fibres are torn away from the fabric when removing it from the cured concrete, and owing to the torn-off fibres which remain in the concrete surface, the concrete surface will not achieve its maximum tightness and smoothness.
Description of the Invention
Therefore the object of the present invention is to provide a protective fabric of the type mentioned by way of introduction, which is foldable round and fixable to the back of a form board and is very durable and easy to remove, clean and reuse and which always gives a very smooth and tight concrete surface.
According to the present invention, this object is achieved by said protective fabric being a hygroscopic fibre cloth, which is made of fibres of a plastic material, such as polyester or polypropylene, which by hot rolling has been given a certain, limited degree of stiffness and pits in the side facing away from the concrete, the protective fabric having a thickness which is smaller than or equal to 1.5 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 1.2 mm, and most advantageously a thickness in the range 0.8 - 1.2 mm, thereby being sufficiently pliable and flexible to be folded round the edges of the form board and be stretched to pliably and closely abut against the front, edges and back of the form board.
The invention is based on the knowledge that to achieve a smooth and tight concrete surface, from which the protective fabric comes off easily, it is most important that the concrete be watered during curing since, in case of deficiency of water, the surface layer becomes porous and brittle during curing. According to the invention, this is achieved by the hygroscopic cloth material and, in particular, the pits formed in this material in the initial phase of the curing storing excess water so as then to recirculate it to the surface layer of the concrete in the final phase of the curing. Thus, the surface layer of the concrete will be extremely tight and hard, the protective fabric comes off very easily when stripping and the protective fabric will be very easy to clean since sufficient water has been supplied to all concrete particles so as to cure in the surface layer and not penetrate into and adhere to the protective fabric.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pits are truncated, the truncated top of the cone facing the concrete. The advantage of this type of pits is that they are very easy to manufacture by hot rolling using a roll which has pins projecting from its circumferential surface.
If desired, the protective fabric according to the invention can also be reinforced, for example, by inserting reinforcing wire. This may be advantageous when large wall surfaces are to be cast or in case of high outdoor temperatures.
Finally, the protective fabric according to the present invention is preferably fixed to the back of the form board, i.e. the side of the form board facing away from the concrete, with the aid of suitable fixing means, such as nails or tacks. In other words, special stretching devices are not necessary for the protective fabric since, owing to the hot rolling, such rigidity has been imparted to the protective fabric that no extreme stretching is required.
Description of the Figures
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a preferred embodiment of a protective fabric for carrying out the method according to the invention, arranged between a form board and a quantity of flowing concrete.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates on a larger scale a portion of the protective fabric shown in Fig. 1 in cross-section.
    • Preferred Embodiment
    Fig. 1 shows a form board 1 for a form (not shown) for casting of concrete 2. The form board 1 consists of a flat board of, for example, plywood or steel. The form board 1 has a front 3 to be directed towards the concrete 2 and an opposite side 5, below referred to as the back, to be directed away from the concrete 2. According to the invention, an air-permeable protective fabric 4, which is made of a hygroscopic fibre cloth of a type that will be described in more detail, is arranged to abut against the large face of the front 3 of a form board before this is built into the desired form. The fabric 4 has a larger surface area than the large face of the front 3 of the form board, so that edge portions 4a of the protective fabric 4 get outside the front 3, preferably so that such edge portions 4a form along the entire circumference of the front 3. The edge portions 4a are folded round the edges of the form board 1, as shown in Fig. 1, while the edge portions 4a are stretched (in a conventional manner, not shown in detail) on the back of the form board, so that the fabric 4 is made to abut in a pliable and tight manner, against the front 3, edges and back 5 of the form board 1. The fabric is fixed to the back 5 of the form board 1 in a manner which is conventional per se with the aid of schematically illustrated fixing means 6, such as tacks or nails, by using a stapler of the like.
    After thus having provided each of the required form boards with a protective fabric, the desired form can be built by conventional joining of the form boards.
    As shown in Fig. 2, in which the protective fabric 4 is illustrated on a larger scale, the protective fabric 4 has a plurality of pits 7 in the form of truncated cones. The truncated top 8 of the cone is adapted to be directed towards the solidifying concrete.
    The protective fabric 4 functions as follows.
    As flowing concrete 2 is poured into the form, the concrete presses the protective fabric 4 more firmly against the form board 1 while at the same time air from the concrete leaks out through the protective fabric. Thanks to the pressure of the concrete against the protective fabric 4, the leaking air will be pressed further along the side of the protective fabric 4 facing away from the concrete, i.e. between the protective fabric 4 and the front 3 of the form board 1, so that the air thus migrates into the open air after having reached the end of the form. Simultaneously, the hygroscopic protective fabric and especially the pits 7 formed therein, in an initial curing phase, take up excess water which then in a final curing phase is recirculated to the surface layer of the concrete, which is thus watered.
    According to the invention, the protective fabric 4 is made of a hygroscopic fibre cloth, which is made of fibres of a plastic material, such as polyester or polypropylene. The protective fabric 4 is sufficiently soft, pliable and flexible to be folded round the edges of the form board 1. The pliability thus increases by the protective fabric 4 being very thin, having a thickness of ≤ 1.5 mm, preferably ≤ 1.2 mm, and most advantageously a thickness in the range 0.8 - 1.2 mm. To prevent it from being baggy, the fabric has been given a certain, limited degree of stiffness by its two sides being hot rolled in a manner known per se. This stiffness results in the protective fabric 4 not having the usually baggy form of thin cloth, which would otherwise make the fabric rise and bubble when contacting the flowing concrete. In addition, the hot rolling operation contributes to the fibres, especially in the side of the protective fabric 4 which is intended to face the concrete 2, always remaining in the surface layer of the protective fabric 4 and not being capable of rising. This means that they cannot adhere to the concrete 2 and that the protective fabric 4 is always easy to remove from the cured concrete 2.
    During hot rolling, about 1 mm2 large pits 7 are suitably embossed close to each other in the side of the protective fabric 4 which is intended to face away from the concrete 2, said pits 7 having a depth which essentially corresponds to the thickness of the fabric and contributing to the fabric, in cooperation with the posteriorly situated form board 1, being capable of temporarily storing about 1.5 1 of water per square metre. Besides, above all for reasons of manufacture, the pits 7 have an essentially truncated conical shape, the truncated top 8 facing the concrete 2.
    The fabric material can, according to the invention, consist of, for example, non-woven material of propylene, for example a fabric material which is sold by the company Fiberweb under the trade name I 300 NOW Spund Bond.
    The fabric can optionally be reinforced, for example by means of inserted reinforcing wire or the like. The reinforcement can be, for example, fibre glass reinforcement, thereby preventing the fabric from stretching because of heat in the warm season.

    Claims (4)

    1. An air-permeable protective fabric for casting concrete in a form, the form consisting of flat form boards (1) having a front (3) to be directed towards the concrete (2) and a back (5) to be directed away from the concrete (2), the protective fabric (4) being intended to be arranged between the form and the concrete (2) to permit air from the concrete (2) to migrate through the fabric (4) and further along the same out in the open air, the protective fabric (4) further being a hygroscopic fibre cloth, which is made of fibres of a plastic material, such as polyester or polypropylene, which by hot rolling has been given a certain, limited degree of stiffness, the protective fabric (4) having a thickness which is smaller than or equal to 1.5 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 1.2 mm, and most advantageously a thickness in the range 0.8 - 1.2 mm, thereby being sufficiently pliable and flexible to be folded round the edges (4a) of the form board (1) and be stretched to pliably and closely abut against the front (3), edges (4a) and back (5) of the form board (1), characterised in that the protective fabric includes pits (7) in the side facing away from the concrete (2).
    2. A protective fabric as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the pits (7) are truncated, the truncated top of the cone (8) facing the concrete (2).
    3. A protective fabric as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the protective fabric (4) is reinforced, for example, by inserting reinforcing wire.
    4. A protective fabric as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the protective fabric (4) is adapted to be fixed to the back (5) of the form board (1), i.e. the side of the form board (1) facing away from the concrete (2), with the aid of suitable fixing means (6), such as nails or tacks.
    EP00921249A 1999-03-24 2000-03-24 Protective fabric for casting concrete in a form Revoked EP1178880B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DK00921249T DK1178880T3 (en) 1999-03-24 2000-03-24 Protective cloth for casting concrete in a mold

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    SE9901065 1999-03-24
    SE9901065A SE9901065L (en) 1999-03-24 1999-03-24 Procedure for concrete casting in mold and protective cloth for carrying out the procedure and molding plate provided with such protective cloth
    PCT/SE2000/000578 WO2000056509A1 (en) 1999-03-24 2000-03-24 Protective fabric for casting concrete in a form

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1178880A1 EP1178880A1 (en) 2002-02-13
    EP1178880B1 true EP1178880B1 (en) 2004-06-09

    Family

    ID=20414977

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP00921249A Revoked EP1178880B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2000-03-24 Protective fabric for casting concrete in a form

    Country Status (7)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP1178880B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE268677T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU4158600A (en)
    DE (1) DE60011423D1 (en)
    DK (1) DK1178880T3 (en)
    SE (1) SE9901065L (en)
    WO (1) WO2000056509A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    WO2009045088A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Boon Ming Lee Controlled permeability formwork liner on concrete
    EA201390097A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2013-06-28 СЭДЛЕР АйПи ПТИ ЛТД. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING PLATES
    JP6320980B2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2018-05-09 株式会社高洋商会 Permeable formwork for concrete

    Family Cites Families (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    SE377482B (en) * 1973-09-24 1975-07-07 Cementa Ab
    US4787597A (en) * 1985-05-28 1988-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kumagaigumi Cloth faced form for forming concrete
    GB2206633A (en) * 1987-06-12 1989-01-11 Sgb Group Plc A formwork panel
    DK0429752T3 (en) * 1989-11-20 1993-06-07 Du Pont Formwork for patterned concrete
    US5206981A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-05-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fabric tensioning frame
    DE19623584B4 (en) * 1996-06-13 2004-10-14 Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver Textile fabric for use as a concrete form liner

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    SE9901065L (en) 2000-09-25
    DE60011423D1 (en) 2004-07-15
    DK1178880T3 (en) 2004-10-18
    AU4158600A (en) 2000-10-09
    WO2000056509A1 (en) 2000-09-28
    SE9901065D0 (en) 1999-03-24
    ATE268677T1 (en) 2004-06-15
    EP1178880A1 (en) 2002-02-13

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