EP1177352A1

EP1177352A1 - The process of production of concrete ceramic, insulating, modular, facade type, ecological bearing wall elements

Info

Publication number: EP1177352A1
Application number: EP99946999A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Milan Kekanovic
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-09-30
Filing date: 1999-09-27
Publication date: 2002-02-06
Also published as: YU43098A; AU5929099A; WO2000019032A1; YU49444B

Abstract

The invention is the process of producing concrete, ceramic, insulating, modular, façade type, ecologically proved bearing elements-blocks with increased durability and resistance, which satisfies ecological conditions and have good insulating characteristics and regular shape. The concrete ceramic elements-blocks (1, 12, 13, 14, 24, 25 and 26) are constructed to enable excellent interconnection and joining, building flat and curved walls and to provide forced ventilation, a possibility of cooling the walls and premises during the summer or mixing or extracting the warm air into walls during the winter. Said elements are made of concrete, but we are recommending that it should be highly durable and resistant fine-grounded ceramic concrete made of ceramic aggregate, cement and water. The cavities (4, 15, 27 and 29) of the elements (1, 12, 13, 14, 24, 25 and 26) would be filled with insulating polystyrene or pozder concrete, as one of the variations.

Description

THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE CERAMIC,

INSULATING, MODULAR, FACADE TYPE, ECOLOGICAL

BEARING WALL ELEMENTS

Technical field

The subject of this invention belongs to the field of Building Construction, to be more precise, to technology of production building materials for construction of walls, girders above the doors and the windows, girders, ring beams and columns for both private or public buildings. In accordance to international classification of patents, the subject of the invention is signed by a basic classification symbol E.04.8/08 that refers bearing constructions accomplished by joining prefabricated hollow blocks, and secondary classification symbols E.04.C.1/24 and E.04.C.5/065, as well with classification symbols which symbolize the field of technology of production: C.04.B.33/36, C.04.B.33/33, C.04.B.18/16, C.04.B.28/22 and E.04.D.1/16.

The technical problem

The technical problem that is to be solved by this invention is: how to construct ceramic elements (blocks) for building which will be steam-free, ecologically right, bearing, accumulative, heat and noise insulating and which will enable excellent interconnection and joining (corners, the joining of two walls of same or different thickness) and which will not require shuttering or concreting the joints. Their must be some concreting, but inside the elements itself and without any kind of shuttering. These elements must be facade type, so we can pass over rendering outside and inside. The question of girders above the doors and windows and ring beams must be solved by this inventioa These elements will be made f om same materials as others. This invention provide a possibility of cooling the walls and premises during the summer or mixing or extracting the accumulated warm air from walls during the winter.

Current state of technology / Background Art

It is well known that every serious rough ceramic producer in the world produce ceramic elements (blocks) for building as caring so-cold gjter blocks with smaller ( 12x25x14) or bigger- ( 19x 19x29) measurements:— hose- ceramic- elements is- produced -by burning clay with principals of rough ceramic which has porous structure and they are caring elements but they do not have insulating characteristics. There are some examples of production ceramic elements which will have insulating characteristics by implementing some materials in to the clay in the phase of shaping elements, but this materials are flammable and they are unstable on the higher temperatures (as example milled polystyrene). After the burning in such elements there are cavity filled with air and this cavities give heat- insulating characteristics to the elements but this elements stays bad by the question of noise insulation. Bearing power and toughness of these elements are became less by using these materials.

There are some elements for building produced as concrete elements with stone aggregates or with lighten aggregates (as example durisol blocks). The first elements are massive and they have bad heat-insulating and ecological characteristics. Elements with lighten granules have small bearing power. There are some elements in which the cavities are filled during the building walls with heat-insulating materials such as polystyrene, tervol or with glass wool. There is a patent with official number P - 1703 /88 YU. This patent introduce us with a special kind of concrete made of stone, bricks and glass with mixing with cement, water glass and water. The hardness of this concrete are relatively small (22MPa) and their resistance to the low temperatures is bad and that means that their durability is bad too. As we know, water glass is reacting with Ca (OH) ₂ So, concrete as environment became acid and that is why the process of hydration will be stopped.

The Essence of the Invention

The essence of the invention is the fine grained concrete elements for building walls, girders above the windows and doors and ring beams, which will be produce as several types, such as:

One-chamber (one row of vertical cavities - by length) ceramic concrete elements for partition walls and horizontal ring beams, with moldings on the flanks

- Two-chamber (two raw of vertical cavities - by length) ceramic concrete elements for external and internal bearing walls and columns with moldings on the flanks Three-chamber (three rows of vertical cavities - by length) ceramic concrete elements for external bearing walls and columns with moldings on the flanks - Three-chamber (three rows of vertical bigger cavities - by length) ceramic concrete elements for bearing walls without moldings on the longer sides but with concavities on the top of the frontispiece (as one possibility)

- Three-chamber (three rows of bigger vertical cavities - by length) ceramic concrete elements for bearing walls without moldings on the longer sides (as another possibility) - One-chamber (one raw of bigger vertical cavities) ceramic concrete elements for partition walls with totally plane longer sides (as one solution)

- Radial two-chamber (two raw of vertical bigger cavities - by length) ceramic concrete elements for production of silos, pools and similar cylindrical buildings with totally plan frontispiece and with moldings on the interior side and on the flanks. Ceramic concrete elements are made on the base of ceramic aggregates produced by burning clay on the principals and by technology of producing rough ceramic with porous material, pure Portland cement puzzolanic ceramic additives and water. Ceramic concrete elements produced like that is ecologically in range of the rough ceramic and they are steam- free, lightweight, they have better characteristics of heat insulation and noise insulation (than the ordinary concrete elements), their shapes are correct and their bearing power is high. The production starts with burning clay chips, after that the chips will be grounded by the 2 mm pieces and that makes the ceramic aggregate for production ceramic concrete which id used for ceτamτcconcrete--elements- vhich-is^_subject of this invention? Afterthe shaping faze the^" specified cavities of the elements are filled with lightweight insulating concrete which is made from cement, water, fine grounded ceramic and lightweight aggregates such as milled polystyrene, pozder or something similar.

The gauge of three-chamber elements (as basic elements) will be in modules (length: width) 4:3, while the gauge of two-chamber elements will be in modules 4:2. The gauge of one-chamber elements will be in modules 4:1. The cavities (chambers) are designed so that the upper cavity exactly covers lower cavity so that eventually concreting with fine-grained concrete can be done easily. There are two kinds of cavities .The bigger ones are used for filling with insulating materials, and the smaller ones are used for ventilation the wall itself.

The dimensions of the cavities are enlarged because this way the concreting (and eventual reforcing) can be done well and easy. The cavities are completely or partly filled with lightweight insulating concrete, made of milled polystyrene, cement fine grounded ceramic and water. They can also be filled with lightweight insulating pozder concrete made of pozder, water glass, cement, fine-grounded ceramic and water. The cavities filled that way give to the elements the following characteristics: heat and noise insulation is good and they are steam-free .The cavities can be filled with some other heat-insulating materials, as example: flat glass. The thinner interior rows of cavities along the element in three and two- chamber elements give us the possibility of ventilation of the walls, so in the summer the facade can be cooled through the cavities and in the winter warm air can be put in to the cavities, so by circling that air in the cavities we can warm up the wall itself. The cavities will be joined one with others horizontally and vertically, so the ventilation and the circulation of the air through the wall can be done from the specific tops near the floor or near the ceiling. Ceramic elements are joined by gluing, applying a lime-cement-ceramic paste-glue which will be brushed on up to the thickness of 2 mm. Their external appearance is identical because the corresponding moldings on the entire height of the facade certain visual effects, giving shades that prevent facade overheating and enable a good and correct connection of the two neighboring elements .The internal appearance of the elements can be flat too. If the elements are made from ceramic concrete the rendering of exterior or the interior side of the wall can be avoid. Smoothing, grinding and interior painting can be done partly corresponding to requirements. As one of the possibilities, on the top of the frontispiece of the element we can put concavity along the entire height and length of the element, so when the wall is build it has facade joints .The another possibility is to make elements with flat frontispiece and interior side without moldings, but flanks must have grooves and slots.

The Short Description of the Figures

For better understanding of the invention itself, as well as for demonstration of the practical realization of the invention, there are some figures included in the patent such as: α Figure 1 - shows in axonometric picture the basic idea three-chamber carrying external ceramic concrete element for building with moldings on flanks

α Figure 2 - shows in axonometric picture the basic idea, two-chamber carrying external ceramic concrete element for building with moldings on its every side α Figure 3 - shows in axonometric picture basic idea, one-chamber partition ceramic concrete element for building and for horizontal ring beams with moldings on its every side α Figure 4 - shows in axonometric picture three-chamber ceramic concrete element _ Jor . building without moldings- on ionger _ sides, but- with - concavities on the top of the frontispiece, used for making facade joints, as one of the solutions α Figure 5 - shows in axonometric picture three-chamber ceramic concrete element for building with flat longer sides, as one of the solutions α Figure 6 - shows in axonometric picture one-chamber ceramic concrete element, with flat longer sides, as one of the solutions αα F fiigguurree 77 - shows in axonometric picture radial two-chamber ceramic concrete element for silos, pools, and other cylindrical buildings with flat longer sides and moldings on the flanks α Figure 8 - shows the use of the elements (the first row)

□ Figure 9 - shows the use of the elements (the second row) αα F Fiigguurree 1100 -- shows the use of the radial elements in building silos, pools and other cylindrical building α Figure 11 - shows the forced ventilation of the external wall for cooling the wall during the summer α Figure 12 - shows the forced ventilation of the external wall for mixinε or extracting the accumulated warm air during the winter α Figure 13 - shows the technological scheme of the production of ceramic aggregate (granulates) which is basic material in production of finegrained concrete Disclosure of the Invention Figure 1. Shows us the basic idea: three-chamber, insulating, carrying, facade ceramic concrete element for building (1). This element is consisting of width exterior ceramic concrete wall (2), which by the angle of 45° gradually change to thinner wall (3) and bigger cavity (4) inside the element itself. These cavities are placed along the entire length of the element in three rows and their are filled with insulating concrete made of milled polystyrene (5) or pozder (6). Joining channels, which are constructed on some of the internal wall (7), joins the cavities placed along the frontispiece and on side of the wall (8), so the appearance of the so-cold cool bridges on the exterior is minimal. There are smaller cavities along the length of the element (9), which provide the ventilation. This cavities are vertically directly joined and horizontally they are joined by smaller horizontal exterior channels (16) or by interior channels ( 17), see figures 8. And 9. The height of this ceramic element ( 1) is 14 cm. The proportion length: width of these elements is 4: 3. This elements are modular and the suggestion is that module should be 10 cm. The concrete ceramic elements are constructed to enable excellent interconnection and joining, crossing walls with the same or different thickness (see figures 8 and 9). The chambers, cavities (4), (9) and (15) exactly cover each other and that is independent from the masonry bond between two raw of the wall if there is one-module phase shift between the row. Between some of the cavities in interior there are some walls across (18) or along (19) the exterior cavities, or some walls along the center row of cavities. As we are crossing from the width external wall along the element (2) of ceramic element to the thicker wall (3) we can see some moldings on the frontispiece of the element, which are regular along the entire height of the wall (their corresponding is good). This moldings (concavities and convexities) enable a good and correct connection of the two neighboring elements. The corresponding moldings give visual effects and by giving shades prevent overheating the wall during the summer. The walls are built from three-chamber ceramic elements (1) which are joined by gluing, applying a lime-cement-ceramic paste-glue which will be brushed on up to the thickness of 2 mm. These elements are heat and noise insulating, steam-free and carrying (M10). Walls made of this elements can be ventilated to prevent overheating during the summer (11) or to enable mixing and extracting the accumulated^" warm air during^" the winter ^"(12). This ventilation is forced by using certain spots near the floor or near the ceiling and that airflow through the opening (9) inside the wall. Using already existing vibrato-machines, which can produce several elements on the concrete runway, produces these elements. After particular hardening of the element which last for three days, the bigger cavities (4) and the cavities across the elements (15) are filled with lightweight concrete. After several hours the elements are put to the pallets. The pallets have PVC coverage to protect loss of the moisture and to prevent further hardening of the ceramic and the insulating concrete. The construction of the elements themselves makes possible to lay vertical supporters in the walls without the need of concrete forms (figure 8 and 9). The cavity (4) are reinforced with specific section steel and filled with fine-grounded concrete.

The figure 2 shows two-chamber ceramic concrete element for building (12) with two raw of bigger cavities (4) along the entire length of the element. Modular proportion of these elements is 4: 2, and the thickness is 14 cm. These two-chamber elements are similar to three-chamber elements. The difference is in the width of the elements and in the quantity of the insulating (4) and the ventilating (9) cavities. The cavities across the element are filled with insulating concrete. These two-chamber elements are used for building interior walls, crossing walls and even exterior facade walls in some of the climatic zones. The figure 3 shows one-chamber element (13) with one row of cavities (4) along the element and a raw of smaller cavities across the element. Modular proportion of these elements is 4: 1, and the thickness is 14 cm. This elements are completely compatible with two and three-chamber elements. In this one-chamber elements all of the cavities are filled with insulating cement. They are used for crossing walls and for forming the ring beams. The reinforcing of the walls and concreting the cavities with fine-grounded concrete can be done in these elements too (figure 8 and 9).

The figure 4 is showing three-chamber ceramic concrete element (14) for building walls and columns. Modular proportion length: width is 4:3 and the element's thickness is 14 cm. This elements are almost equal to basic three-chamber elements, they differ in the fact that they have not mouldings on the frontispiece (3) so they are flat. On the upper section of the frontispiece there is concavity (22) which by one edge (23) moves to a lower part as imitation of the facade joint. The flanks of the element (14) have concavities (3) and convexities (8), as it is on the basic three-chamber element (1). The two-chamber element as alternative for basic two-chamber element (12), has no mouldings on the longer sides, with concavity on the top of the frontispiece. The three-chamber element's (14) can be changed in to elements for girders above the doors and the windows, by making notches (18) on the walls of exterior cavities (4) and (15), so that way we can get places where we can put the reinforcement. Observing figure 5 it is visible that three-chamber ceramic concrete element (24) for building walls and supporters had modular proportion, length: width, 4: 3 and the thickness of the element is 14 cm. The construction of these elements is similar to construction of the basic three-chamber element (1). The difference is in the fact that this element (24) has no mouldings on the frontispiece, the flanks are flat too, but it has concavities and convexities on the flanks (as the element (1)). The construction of the two-chamber element is exactly same and this element is one of the alternatives for element (12). The three-chamber element's (14) can be changed in to elements for girders above the doors and the windows, by making notches (18) on the walls of exterior cavities (4) and (15), so that way we can get places where we can put the reinforcement Observing figure 6, it is visible that the one-chamber element (25) for building partition walls has modular proportion, length: width, 4:1, and the thickness is 14 cm. The construction of these elements is similar to construction of the basic one-chamber element (13). The difference is in the fact thatthis element (25) has no mouldings on the frontispiece, the interior side is flat too, but it has concavity (3) and convexities (8) on the flanks. The figure 7 is showing radial ceramic concrete element (26) with two exterior rows of bigger cavities along the entire length of the element (27) and with two rows of smaller cavities along the element (28). There are smaller cavities across the element (29). The exterior cavities (27) are connected with each other by notches (30) on the walls of changeable thickness (31) and by notch (32) on the wall (33). The interior cavity (27) are connected by notch (33) on the walls of changeable thickness (34), and by a notch (35) on the wall (36). The smaller cavities (28) in the central section are connected with horizontal channels (37), (38) and (39) or with channels (40), (41) and (42), which are on the cone walls which separates the chambers (28). The following walls: (43), (44), (45), (46) and (47) of radial element are curved and that makes that the element itself is radial too. The exterior cavities of these elements are filled with heat-msulating polystyrene concrete (5) or ponder concrete (6). The cavities on the central section of the exterior side (28) are ventilating cavities, while the cavities on the interior side are for putting vertical reinforcement. The interior cavity (27) and (29) are used for putting the ring carrying reinforcement.

Observing figures 8 and 9, the applying of ceramic concrete three, two and one- chamber elements for building is visible. Figure 8 is showing the first row, figurer 9 is showing the second wall, etc. It is visible that the interconnections and joining are perfectly right. The phase shift between row must be at least one module (10 cm). The chambers, cavities (4), (9) and (15) exactly cover each other and that is independent from the masonry bond between two raw of the wall, so it is possible to make ring beam or supporter on every section in the wall, without the need of concrete form. The vertical ring beams can be reinforced with steel profile (11) with or without binders. The bigger cavity (4) are filled with lightweight insulating concrete (5) or (6). The smaller cavities across the three, two and one-chamber elements are filled with this concrete too, while the cavities (9) in the three and two-chamber elements are connected and they are used for ventilation. That fact fulfilled the physical demands that elements must be steam-free. The elements are joined by gluing, applying a cement-lime-ceramic paste-glue which is brushed up to the thickness of 2 mm. Cutting one module of the element itself can change the length of some elements.

Observing the figure 10, the way of building with radial elements is visible. This elements are also joined by gluing, applying a cement-lime-ceramic paste-glue which is brushed up to the thickness of 2 mm. When the ring reinforcement is put in to interior cavity (27) and (29), the cavities are filled with ordinary ceramic concrete (12). When there are 20 to 30 rows the vertical reinforcement is put into interior cavity (28) and these cavities are also filled with concrete with slightly vibration.

The figure 11 is showing functioning way of ventilation through external three- chamber wall, from internal space to external space, which is important during the summer time. This ventilation provides the cooling the walls and extraction of the warm air, which is accumulated near the ceiling, The ventilation is forced by ventilating system consist of ventilator (30), system of closures (31) and of ventilating chamber (cavities) (9) inside the wall itself. The ventilators are placed separately each from another by pre-calculated distance.

The figure 12 is showing the functioning way of ventilation through three-chamber ventilating wall. This ventilation provides the mixing of the air in the room and extracting the accumulated warm air from walls during the winter.

Observing figure 13, the technological process of production of ceramic aggregate is visible. This technology follows the principal of technology of producing the rough ceramic with porous materials (as example: roof tile). This ceramic aggregate is made from the clay with following structure of minerals:

Kaolimt - 20-25%

Hit 8-10% Chloride in traces

Montmorillonit 3-4%

Clay 5-6%

Quartz 37^0%

Carbonates up to 10%. After the extraction, the clay is put to lie at least six mounts. After that phase follows the phase of mixing the clay, so we can get the mention mineralogy structure of the clay. The clay is mixed in the mill, so that ever-present limestone is milled under 1-mm pieces. The clay, which wetness is 13%, goes to the vacuum press (43), came out as chips thickness Φ =

10 mm and 50-100 mm long, goes throughout the month. This mouth is constructed from four shade length d=30 m, which have holes, greater on the interior side (Φ₁ = 20 mm), it change to Φ₂= 10 mm on the length of 50 mm. The radius of 10 mm of the smaller holes we keep on the whole length of 70 mm. This is the way of production, which provide compression of the clay, which gives good physical-mechanical properties of the ceramic after the burning. After the shaping, the chips are transported to the rotating furnace (44) to preheating on 80 ° C at the beginning, which increase to 600 " C at the end of rotating furnace. Burning in rotating furnace (45) on 1000 ° C trough 40 minutes follows the preheating phase. The cooling in rotating pipe, which takes 20 minutes, follows this phase. In this phase the clay mass is disinfected and cooled of, so on the central part of the pipe (46) on the temperature of 300 ° C we put mixture of Ca (OH) ₂ and water in proportion 1 : 10 in to the clay. This mixture penetrates very fast in to the preheated cervical material, which is cooled of during this process and even became more resistant to microorganisms. Now, the chips are milled in the mill with bawl (48). After it was milled, the burned ceramic is sieved on the sieve (49) to fractions 0-0,09; 0,09-0,5; 0,5-1,0 and 1-2 mm. That was the production technology by which we get ceramic fine-grounded aggregate (50). This ceramic aggregate has the following chemical oxydic structure: α A1?0₃ 16,68%

□ Fe₂0₃ 5,76% α CaO 7,87% αα MMggOO 3,24% α Na₂0 0,58% α ,0 0,83%

The deviation from given structure can be 10% in some of the given oxides. The testing of this fine-grounded aggregate gives the following results: p Melting point up to 1150°C u Bulk density 1880 kg/^'m³ α Specific mass 2560 kg " α Water absorption 12,5 % □ Linear shrinking through burning 0.38% α Bending tension strength 18,2 MPa α Compressive strength 45 MPa α Coefficient of thermal conductivity 0,8 W/mK

Q Colour from red to yellow α Thermal coefficient 4,5 . 10 ^"6 1/°C α Maximal temperature of burning 1000 °C

Some of the given properties can deviate ± 10%. Mixing ceramic fine-grounded aggregate (50) with pure Portland cement and water gives ceramic fine-grounded concrete (51), which is highly resistant and durable. The amount of water is defined by a needing consistency.

A specified quantity of water is added which will be absorbed by the ceramic aggregate. The first step is to mix the ceramic aggregate with 60% of needed water during the period of 30 seconds. After that the pure Portland cement is added to the mixture with rest of the water and at last we add puzzolanic additive (50), fractions 0-0,09 mm in the quantity of

15% of the cement. The whole mixing last for three minutes.

In the following part of the description, we give some of the names and marks of the measuring elements, the size of every component of the ceramic concrete (51) as well as the example of concrete production (51).

rri_c in kg mass of the cement ni_pt in kg mass of the ceramic puzzoianic aggregate

(ceramic flour 0-0,09 mm) m_at in kg mass of the ceramic aggregate (granulate) fraction

0,09-0,5; 0,5-1,0; 1,0-2,0 ~ i ™ in kg mass of the water, which is consisting of the free water inside the fresh mixer between the components and the water and water m v which is already absorbed by ceramic aggregate m™ = rav+m'v m_vu=m_v+m_v=0,3(m_c+m_pk 0, 1.m_ak

Y_sc in kg/m^"" specific mass of pure Portland cement γ_Sk in kg m^? specific mass of fine-grounded ceramic-ceramic flour

(puzzoianic additive) fraction up to 0,09 mm. γ . in kg'm³ specific mass of water ( 1000 kg/m³)

Y_zj_: in kg/m³ bulk density of ceramic aggregate fraction 0,09-0,5; 0,5-1,0; 1,0-2,0 V_b in m ^" bulk density of fresh concrete

V_c in m ³ absolute volume of cement

V_p in m ^"' absolute volume of ceramic puzzoianic additive

V_ak in m " absolute volume of ceramic aggregate (granulate) including the cavities inside the aggregate itself N_rez. in m ^" volume of water and the remains of the air in the fresh mixture

(5-15%) which dictates the measure of compression of fresh ceramic concrete mixture

V_b = l,0=V_c+V_pkN _ak+V_Iβ. (1,0)

Or;

The components which is known in solving this problem are so that the unknown components are V_& and m _&.

v* = i - i^+ ^+ r .) (2,0) ϊ x ϊ sk

This gave as that the mass of aggregate is:

πi_ak = N_ak . γ_A. (3,0)

which is distributed to the specific fraction in the following percents:

m«)_.o₉-o_.5) = 45% ; m_(0, ι_,o ^=: 30%; m _K0-_2,0) ⁼ 25%

It is obvious, that the volume of free water is that small that it is present in only 5% volume in compared to the absolute volume of the concrete V_b. These is the way by what we dictate the measure of compression of fresh ceramic concrete mixture. The mass of water is calculated to depend of the needed consistency, so that concrete mixture can be mixed well and that mass of water is: m_w= 0,3 x m_c+ni_p +0, 1.m_ak (4,0)

One of the properties of this procedure is that ceramic aggregate must be completely dry. The pressing of mixture will extract the unneeded water.

In the following we gave the example of production of ceramic concrete elements

.The known properties in production the quantity of 1 m concrete are: m _c = 550 kg; m _Λ =

0,15 . 550 = 82,5 kg; γ_sc=300G\0 kg m ³; γ_A= 2560 kg/m ; y_ = 1880 kg/m ³; V^_. = 5% - reserved space for water and air which automatically dictates the measure of compression of fresh ceramic concrete mixture.

By the equation ( 1 ,0)

3000 2560 γ_Λ

N_b= 1,0=0,183+0,032+ V^+0,05

By the equation (2,0)

V_ak=l - (0,183+0,032+0,05)=0,735m³

So, on the end by equation (3,0)

π -1880 - 0,735 = 1381,8 kg

These represents the mass of completely dry, which will be divide to the fractions of the ceramic aggregate; m (0,09-0,5) = 1381,8x 0,45 = 621,81 kg; m (0,5-l,0)=1381,8x 0,3 = 414,54 kg ; m( 1,0-2,0) = 1381,8x 0,25 = 345,45 kg

so, by equation (4,0)

m_w= 0,3 x (550 + 82,5) + 0,1 x 1381,8 = 327,93 kg

The process of mixing pure Portland cement with ceramic fine-grounded aggregate is taking to chemical puzzoianic reactions on the relation of oxides from ceramic fine-grounded aggregate (50) such as: SiO₂; Al₂O₃: Fe₂O₃ and Ca (OH ₇ as one of the products of hydration of clinker cement minerals C₃S and C₂S. These reactions are especially intensive at the following fractions of ceramic aggregate: 0-0,09 and 0,09-0,5 mm. Stabile, insoluble chemical compounds like hydro-silicates, hydro-alumnae and calcium-hydro-ferrite are made by this reactions. It live us to conclusion that ceramic fine-grounded aggregate is active, so that increasing of strength of fine-grounded ceramic concrete (51) is provide not only with activity of pure Portland cement but also with activity of this aggregate (5 ). The contact zone cement stone-ceramic fine -grounded aggregate is especially good, so that also bring us to the increase of the strength of concrete. Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)₂ is partly moving to fine-grounded ceramic aggregate

(50), and that makes that pH value is base (pH = 12,5). That will stop the corrosion of the steel in concrete (if it is any). The concentration of stress is minimal in ceramic fine-grounded concrete, because this concertino is the result of present of massive grain in massive- grounded concrete. The process of increasing the strength of ceramic fine-grounded concrete is very quickly.

The compressive strength after 28 days is 44,0 MPa, and after 4 years the compressive strength of ceramic fine-grounded concrete increases to 85,0 MPa, with a tendency to grove 5 further.

Ceramic concrete elements are produced from fine-grounded ceramic concrete by the following procedure:

□ Ceramic aggregate (51) are measured by the fractions: 621,81 kg of fraction 0,09-0,5: 414,54 kg of fraction 0,5-1,0 mm: 345,45 kg of fraction 1,0-2,0 mm. l o α After that these aggregate is mixed with 60% of the mass of water ( 196,76 kg) in mixer. α The 550 kg of pure Portland cement is added in to the mixer, as well as the remaining water (131,17 kg) and finally ceramic aggregate of fraction 0,0-0,09 mm is added to the mixture too. α The entire process of mixing is last for at least 3 minutes. After that the concrete is put 15 out on the vibrato-press.

□ Using this press, the ceramic concrete elements (1 ), (12), (13), (14), (24), (25) and (26) are made.

Ceramic concrete described in this invention has several advantages in compared with ordinary concrete with stone aggregate. Ecological aspect is one of the most important if we 0 are speaking about residential buildings. Ceramic aggregate made by the technology of rough porous ceramic satisfies the ecological requirements very good, which leads us to conclusion that ceramic concrete has ecological properties same as rough ceramic. The bulk density of this concrete is 1900,0 kg/m^3, while the bulk density of ordinary concrete is 2400,0 kgf/m³

The heat-insulating characteristics of ceramic concrete is better too, λ= 1,8 W/mK in ordinary 5 concrete while in ceramic concrete it λ = 0,66 W/mK. Ceramic concrete is steam-free, factor of resistance of the water vapor is μ= ό.The high increase of the strength of ceramic concrete leave us to the conclusion that these concrete is highly resistant in the aggressive surrounding

(the influence of the atmospheric precipitation, acids or something else). The destruction made by these aggressions is smaller than the increase of the strength and that fact guaranties 0 the durability of ceramic concrete. The frost resistance of ceramic concrete is smaller than the frost resistance of the ordinary concrete, but it can be increased with aeration by adding milled polystyrene as additive in ceramic concrete.

Twenty-four hours after the cavity (4), (15) and (27) in the ceramic concrete elements are filled with insulating polystyrene concrete (5). This insulating concrete is made from the 5 following components: α milled polystyrene as aggregate ( massiveness should be 5 mm) α fine-grounded ceramic (ceramic flour) as puzzoianic additive ( fractions less than 0,01 mm) α pure Portland cement 0 α water

The first step in production of polystyrene concrete is to volume measuring of polystyrene in state of looseness (as basic demand), which will be used as aggregate and its massiveness should be less than 5 mm. This polystyrene is put in to resistive mixer. The water is measured by mass compering with absolute volume of milled polystyrene and the water 5 which will be chemically bound and closed in to the gel pore in the moment when the cement hydration is 80% finished. The milled polystyrene is mixing with water in mixer for at least Vz minutes (water must enter in to the polystyrene), and just now we add fine-grounded ceramic in to the mixer. Now, the mixing is following for at least 2,5 minutes. When the mixing is done, the fresh ceramic concrete (5) is transported to the elements (blocks) without 0 segregation, and it is placed in to the cavities by hands or mechanically without vibration. The physical-mechanical properties of polystyrene concrete depend of bulk density of concrete, so it is referred that the bulk density of concrete should be between 200 and 800 kg/m³' The following presumption must be satisfied in order to produce good polystyrene concrete: α the bulk density of hardened concrete in totally dry state must be known as advance α the specific mass of the cement is known as advance α specific mass of fine-grounded ceramic is known as advance Q the absolute bulk density of milled polystyrene is known as advance α bulk density of milled polystyrene in state of looseness is known as advance □ water must totally enter in to porous milled polystyrene during the process of mixing α segregation of fresh concrete must be done slowly by hands or mechanically , with press , or by extruder technology

In the following part of the description, we give the names and marks of the measuring elements, the size of every component of the polystyrene concrete:

Tb in kg/m bulk density of hardened concrete

Tb,sv in kg/πv bulk density of fresh concrete m_Uv in kg mass of binder (the whole) which is equal to bulk density of concrete decreased with mass of polystyrene on the base of the effect in the volume of the concrete m_c in kg mass of cement m_k in kg mass of fine-grounded ceramic (it should be 30% of the mass rrt_uV) mmipol mass of milled polystyrene mm_vv mass of water calculated in volume in proportion to the volume of milled polystyrene (20%) of water in proportion of the volume of the milled polystyrene m_v* mass of water chemically bond in gel pores of CSH gel in the moment when hydration is 80% finished (it is

Yso specific mass of cement (3000 kg/m^J)

7sk specific mass of fine grounded ceramic, fractions less than 0,1 mm (2560 kg/m³)

Ysv specific mass of water (1000 kg/m^J) 7 7zz_pp (absolute) bulk density of milled polystyrene, massiveness less than 5,0 mm (15,0 kg/m³)

' mi.pol. in m³ absolute volume of milled polystyrene, massiveness less then 5,0 mm

VmJ.pol.ia_ in m^" volume of milled polystyrene in state of looseness, massiveness less than 5,0 mm V^^i is three times greater than V _._?__) v_c in m³ volume of cement v_k in m^"5 volume of ceramic v_b in m³ volume of concrete N N_vv iinn mm^3" volume of water

The calculations of the needed components of polystyrene concrete, with known bulk density of the concrete γ_b is given in the equation: V_b is the volume of milled polystyrene and is the volume of cementing material. γx γsk

The volume is not in this equation from the reason that water does not enter porous milled polystyrene and does not surround the powder of cement and of fine-grounded ceramic.

Mass of whole cementing material is: n , = n. + m (6,0)

Or: niuv-Yb-nv -π ipoi -(7,0) Or:

/ m„ γ - o,315 x m_c - *Yzp- .-.(8,0) 7 ,

It is visible from the equation that τa_ ^ = 7*

Yzp ,- • (9,0)

i i i f

Written otherwise: m_c + m = γ_b- 0,315 nv XYzp- ■(10,0) Or; l,315xm_c + m_k Yzp ■(11,0)

So, we are forming system of two equation with two unknowns:

1) m_c + 0,76 x m_k = [γ_b - 1- 2 x ϊzp] ^χ -(12,0) γx) 1,315 m_c 0,7

2) .(13,0) m_k 0,3

Yb

1) m_c+ 0,76 xm_k= 0,76 xγ_b- 0.76 x(l ") X Yzp .(12,0)

Ysc

0,7

2) n xm . .(13,0)

0,.

Finally we get:

Yb m = 0,246 x [γ_b - ( 1 ) x Yzp] (14,0) Yb m. = 0,573 x [γ_b - (l ) x _Yrp (15,0)

Absolute volume of milled polystyrene is calculated by equation:

V_mι._pol. = l - ( (16,0)

While mass of milled polystyrene by:

∞ml.pol- ^{= V}ml.pol- X Yzp ( 17,0)

From practical reasons the milled polystyrene is measured by volume in state of looseness, so volume is: Nml._pol.r_a-_t- = 3 X Vπ_j.p,,_! (18,0)

Written otherwise: m_c m_k

V_ml.poljast. = 3 x [l - ( + )] (19,0) Ysc Ys

The mass of water is calculated by:

m_v= m._v + 0,2 x V_mLpol. x γ_sv (20,0) m_c m_k m_v = 0,315 x m_ + 0,2 [l - ( + )] x γ_sv (20,0)

Ysc Ysk

Y_b._v = m_c + m + m_v + m^_pd. -bulk density of fresh polystyrene concrete

The control of said calculation is the following: the sum of masses of the components of polystyrene concrete must be equal to bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete. This means that the sum of absolute volumes of cement fine-grounded ceramic and milled polystyrene must be equal to the volume of the element

γ_b = m. + m_k + m_*v + m^_pd -the first criteria

m_c m_k rnπ_.. oi.

V = 1 = + + - the second criterium

Ysk fzp

In the following we give two examples of said calculation, with _b= 200 kg/m^J and χ_b= 800 kg/m³ .

The first example γ_b = 200 kg/m³:

200 m_c = 0,573 x [200 - (1 ) x 15]

3000 rri_c = 106,58 kg - mass of pure Portland cement PC 45

200 m_k = 0,246 x [200 - (1 ) x 15]

3000 m_k = 45,75 kg - mass of fine grounded ceramic

Fractions less then 0,1 mm

106,58 45,75

Nai.poi = 1 - ( + ) = 0,946 m³ 3000 2560

m_tni._Poi. = 0,946 x 15 = 14,19 kg - mass of milled polystyrene massiveness less than 5 mm

V_mi-_poi._rasi- = 0,946 3 = 2,84 m³ - volume of milled polystyrene in state of looseness

m_v = 0,315 x 106,58 + 0,2 x 0,946 x 1000 = 222,77 kg - mass of water

γ_b.sv = 106,58 + 45,758 + 222,77 + 14, 19 = 389,29 - bulk density of fresh polystyrene concrete

The control:

γ_b = 106,58 + 45,75 + 0,315 x 106,58 + 14,19 - the first criteria

200 kg/m³ ~ 200,09m³ - the needed bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete

106,58 45,75 14,19

V_b = 1 = + + - the second criterium

3000 2560 15

1 m ~ 0,999 m'

□ The example when γ = 800,0 kg/m³:

800 m_e = 0,573 [800 - (1 ) x 15] = 452,10 kg - mass of cement 3000

800 m_k = 0,246 [800 - (1 ) x 15] = 194,10 kg - mass of fine

3000 grounded ceramic

452,10 194,10

N_mi-_poi- ⁼ 1 - ( ⁺ ) ⁼ 0,77 m³ - absolute volume of

3000 2560 milled polystyrene in concrete

π-_mi_poi = 0,77 x 15 = 11,55 kg - mass of milled polystyrene N_ni-_poij_ast- ⁼ 3 x 0,77 = 2,31 m³ - volume of milled polystyrene in state of looseness

m_v = 0,315 x 452, 10 + 0,2 x 0,77 x 1000 = 296,41 kg - mass of water γ_b.sv = 452,10 + 194,10 + 296,41 + 11,55 = 954,16 kg/m³ - bulk density of fresh polystyrene concrete

The control: γ_b = 452,10 + 194,10 + 0,315 452,10 + 1 1,55 - the first criteria

800 kg/m³ ~ 800,16 kg/m³ the needed bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete 452,10 194,10 1 1,55

V = 1 = + + - the second criterium

3000 2560 15,0

1 ~ 0,998

It is important to know, if the mass of said concrete is increased, the mechanical characteristics will increase too, but thermo-insulating characteristics is decreased, and invert. Insulating polystyrene concrete, which is the subject of this claim with bulk density of γb = 200 kg/m³ has following characteristics: P Coefficient of thermal conductivity λ = 0,055 W/mK α Noise - insulating characteristics (air noise) are similar to said characteristics of ordinary concrete. α Polystyrene concrete is steam-free, but it is not hygroscope- the coefficient of vapour diffusion is μ = 9. α Said concrete is ductile with distinctly plastic deformations.

□ It is highly inflammable. α Durability α Compressive strength of polystyrene concrete is 0,3 MPa.

The cavities (4), (15), (27) and (29) of the elements, which are the subject of this patent can be filled with insulating pozder concrete (6) too. Pozder concrete is made of following materials: α Milled pozder, which is industrial waste in manufacturing hemp (pozder is milled stem of the hemp). α Fine-grounded rough ceramic (ceramic flour) as puzzoianic additive fractions less than o, 1 mm α Pure Portland cement PC45 as binder α Water glass (Na₂O x SiO₂ or K₂O x SiO₂) α Water In production of pozder concrete the first step is to measure the pozder in state of looseness. After that the pozder is saturated with water, so that moisture of pozder must be 100 %. Now pozder is drained during 15 minutes. Moist pozder is put into concrete mixer with forced mixing and during the mixing water glass (mixed with water in proportion 1 : 1 ) is put into mixer. Water glasses neutralists pozder and provides cement to bind to pozder. Mass of water glass is equal to 5% of mass of pozder. After one minute of the mixing, 20% of pure Portland cement and 20% of fine-grounded ceramic are added into mixer (addition must be slow) and we are mixing for 3 more minutes. This mixing provides a quick chemical reaction between cement water and water glass and as one of the results of this chemical reaction cement is pilling over pozder as thin film. After this treatment pozder is laid of for 24 hours, but periodically we will mix it. After all of these, pozder is ready to be used in production of pozder concrete. In production of said concrete one of the most important conditions is that pozder is must be 100% moist. The components of the pozder concrete are put into mixer in following order: pozder, an amount of water, which is need to mixing, cement and ceramic puzzoianic additive (ceramic flour). After 3 minutes of mixing, pozder concrete is flowed or pumped into cavities (4), ( 15), (27) and (29) in the elements, with slightly compaction, but without vibration. Levelling of the concrete must be light too. The physical-mechanical characteristics of pozder concrete (6) depends of bulk density (as it is the case at polystyrene concrete), so we insist on small bulk density, because thermo-insulating characteristics is better than. Bulk density of hardened pozder concrete (6) is from 400 to 800 kg/m³. The following presumption must be satisfied in order to produce good pozder concrete: α The bulk density of hardened pozder concrete (6) in totally dry state must be known as advance. α The specific mass of the pure Portland cement is known as advance. α Specific mass of fine-grounded ceramic-puzzolamc additive is known as advance, a Bulk density of pozder is known as advance. α Before the phase of production concrete, pozder is must be 100 % moist, so it would not take out the water from concrete mixture. Vibrations must be avoided. α Segregation of fresh concrete must be done slowly by hands or mechanically. In the following part of the description, we give the names and marks of the measuring elements, the size of every component of the pozder concrete:

Yb in kg/m bulk density of hardened concrete

Yb,sv in kg/m^" bulk density of fresh concrete n in kg mass of binder (the whole) which is equal to bulk density of concrete decreased with mass of dry pozder and with mass of chemically bonded water and water in gel pores (m_m*) rrv in kg mass of cement m_c=0,7 x m^ m in kg mass of fine-grounded ceramic m =o,3 x m_uv m_n in kg mass of milled pozder measured in the way that provides that sum of masses of cement, fine grounded rough ceramic, pozder, chemically bonded water and water in gel pores (m_uv*) must be equal to mass of concrete mvs in kg mass of water glass m_vs ^OS x m_p n * in kg mass of chemically bonded water and water in gel pores m_v in kg mass of water calculated in volume in proportion to the volume of concrete and milled pozder sc in kg m^J specific mass of cement (3000 kg m^Λ)

/ sk in kg/m specific mass of fine grounded ceramic, fractions less than 0,1 mm (2560 kg/m³)

7 sv in kg/m^J specific mass of water ( 1000 kg/m') 7 zp in kg/m^J (absolute) bulk density of milled pozder (170,0kg/m³) "τez in m³ volume of reserved space (5%-15%) v_c in m^' volume of cement v_k in m^J volume of ceramic

Nb in m^"' volume of concrete v_v in m^" volume of water in % moisture of pozder

The calculations of the needed components of concrete, which bulk density known advance, is given in the following equations:

0,7 x m_uv 0,3 x m_uv m_p + + + Vrez. = 1 (1) (21,0) m_uv + m_p + 0,315 x 0,7 x m_uv = γ_b (2) • (22,0)

Where m_uv = m_c + m_k, m_c = 0,7 x m_uv and m_k = 0,3 x m_uv ; and Vrez = 5%

So, as solutions we got: m_w = 0,86 x γ_b - 138,69 mass of binder (whole) (23,0) m_p = Yb - 1,22 n mass of pozder (24,0)

i mXL_<.. == = 00,,77 xx m,. - mass of cement m_k = = 0,3 x m_uv mass of fine grounded ceramic fractions less than 0, 1 mm m_*v = 0,3 15 x m_c - mass of chemically bonded water and water in gel pores m_v = 0,315 x m_c + 0,3 x m_uv - mass of whole water which is put into mixer, with condition that pozder is 100% moist The bulk density of fresh pozder concrete is: γ_b)SV = m_c + m_k + m_p + m_v + H_p X m_p (25,0)

The control of said calculation is the following: the sum of masses of the components of polystyrene concrete must be equal to bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete. This means that the sum of absolute volumes of cement fine-grounded ceramic and milled polystyrene must be equal to the volume of the element.

γ_b = m_c + m_k + m_p+ 0,315 x m_c, as the first criteria (26,0)

ΓTL. m_k m_p V_b = + + + 0,05 = 1, as the second criteria .... (27,0)

The first step is to prepare the aggregate (pozder), so it is necessary to prepare next components (by their masses): ni_p - mass of dry pozder m._c - 0,2 x m_c- mass of cement m._k - 0,2 x m_k - mass of fine grounded ceramic m_V - 5% x m_p - mass of water glass in treatment of pozder The process of the treatment of the aggregate-pozder is already given. In the following we give two example of said calculation, with _h= 200 kg/m³ and γ_h= 800 kgm .

- The first example γ_b = 400 kgm³

m_uv = 0,86x400 -138,69 m_m= 205,3 l g m_p =400-1,22x205,31 m_p = 149,52 kg m_c =0,7x205,31 = 143,72 kg . m_k =0,3x205,31 =61,59 kg^" m,_v = 0,315 x 143,72 = 45,27 kg m_v = 0,315 x 143,72 + 0,3 x 205,31 = 106,86 kg γ_b.sv = 143,72 + 61,59 + 149,52 + 106,86 = 461,69 kg/m³

The control: γ_b = 143,72 + 61,59 + 149,52 + 0,315 x 143,72

400 kg/m³ -400,1 kg/m³

143,72 61,59 149,52

Vb=l .+ .+ + 0,05

3000 2560 170

V_b = 0,048 + 0,024 + 0,88 + 0,05 V_b= 1,00 m³

Which means that this way of calculations is good.

In the phase of aggregate treatment it is necessary to prepare the following components by mass:

m_p - 149,52 kg -mass of pozder m._c - 0,2 x 143,72 = 28,74 kg - mass of cement m._k -0,2x61,59 =12,32 kg - mass of ceramic

- 0,05 x 149,52 = 7,47 kg - mass of water glass

The second example γb = 800 kg/m³

m_uv = 0,86x800 -138,69 nv- 549,3 lkg m_p =800-1,22x549,31

m_k = 164,79 kg m._v = 0,315x384,52 = 121,12 kg m_v = 121,12 + 0,3 x 549,31 = 285,91 kg _b._sv=129,84+384,52+164,79+285,91=965,06 The control:

γ_b = 384,52 + 164,79 + 129,84 + 0,315 x 384,52

800 kg/m³ ~ 800,27 kg/m³

384,52 164,79 129,84 V_b = l = + + + 0,05

3000 2560 170

V_b = 0, 128 + 0,064 + 0,76 + 0,05 V_b = 1,00 m³

Which means that this way of calculations is good.

m_p = 129,84 kg - mass of pozder m._c = 0,2 x 384,52 = 76,90 kg -mass of cement m._k = 0,2 x 164,79 = 32,96 kg - mass of ceramic m_vs = 0,05 x 129,84 = 6,49 kg -mass of water gl;

Production of pozder concrete in said limits of bulk density between 400 kg/m^J and 800 kg/m³ is consisting of two phases. The first phase is preparing pozder as aggregate, so that process of hydration and hardening of concrete can be provide. The masses of components are measured; the mass of pozder (m_p) in dry state must be between 149,52 and 129,84 kg, fractions between 2 and 10 mm. Pozder is put into water for 2 hours, so that moisture of pozder must be 100%. After that pozder is dried off during 15 minutes and put into a mixer with forced mixing. Water glass (Na₂O x SiO₂ or K₂O x SiO₂) is put into mixer too during the mixing. Mass of pozder is equal to 5% of mass of pozder, which means that it should be between 7,47 and 6,49 kg, and before in is put into mixer water glass is mixed with water in proportion 1:1.

In first minute of the mixing in mixer thin water film is forming around the granules of pozder. Now, 20% of cement is put into mixer, which means mass from 28,74 to 76,90 kg of pure Portland cement, as well as 20% of fine grounded ceramic, fractions less than 0,1 mm, which means mass from 12,32 to 32,96 kg of fine grounded ceramic (ceramic flour). The mixing must not stop during the whole process. Around the granules of pozder thin film of cement and ceramic is formed, and quickly after that the process of hydration of cement is starting. The whole mixing last at least for 5 minutes. When the mixture is ready, it is put to lie of for at least 24 hours in state of looseness, and now the process of preparation of the pozder is finished. The phase of concrete production are takes few steps. The first step is putting the prepared pozder mixture into mixer (mass of pozder (n _p) is between 149,42 and 129,84 kg) with condition that this mass must be increased with 20% of masses of cement and ceramic (m_c* and m_k*), which is amount between 41,06 and 109,86 kg. Mass of pozder must be also increased with mass of water, which is present in pozder. So, mass of pozder as aggregate, which is put into mixer, is between: 149,52+41,06=190,58kg + H_p (%) x 149,52 and

129,84+ 109,86=239,7kg + H_p(%) x 129,84.

In this part, the 30% of whole water are measured into mixer during the mixing itself, which means the amount from 32,06 to 85,77kg of water. The remaining 80% of cement (mass between 114,97 and 371,62kg of cement) and ceramic (mass between 49,27 and 131,83kg of ceramic) is put into mixer too, as well as the remaining 70% of water (mass between 74,80 and 200,14kg of water). The entire process of mixing is last at least for 5 minutes, and after that fresh pozder concrete is transported to moulds without danger from segregation, when concrete is mechanically or by hands mounted into moulds with slightly compacting. Compacting last to step when concrete is totally compacted into known volume. Concrete can be also mounted by extruder technology.

Potential application of the invention in industry and elsewhere

Application of the invention is possible as totally prefabricated system, starting with production of ceramic aggregate (granulate) through production of fine-grounded ceramic concrete, which is mounted into ceramic concrete elements mentioned in this invention (1,12,13,14,25 and 26) by using machines. Insulating concrete 5 and 6 (polystyrene concrete and pozder concrete) can be prefabricated and mounted into cavities (4), (15), (27) and (29) of the elements (1), (12), (13), (14), (24), (25) and (26) in even minor cement plants.

Claims

1. The process of production of concrete, ceramic, insulating, modular, faςade type, bearing elements, which are characterized with increased durability and satisfy ecological conditions and have good insulating characteristics with highly precise shapes and possibility of building walls without shuttering of rendering, with possibility to provide forced ventilation, a possibility of cooling the walls and premises during summer or mixing or extracting the accumulated warm air from walls during winter, characterized by the production of concrete three-chamber modular elements-blocks (1) with press, said elements are consist of exterior mould thicker walls (2), which are by the angle of 45°C transformed to thinner walls (3), and bigger cavities (4) placed in three rows along the element, which are filled with thermo - insulating concrete, and smaller cavities (15) placed across the element between bigger cavities (4), so there are four modules along said element, which means that one module is consist of one bigger cavity (4) with half of the smaller cavity (15) on its both sides and of thickness of the walls (18) between the cavities (4) and (15), or on the ends of the concrete element (1), contractually solved in the way that one module is consist of: one cavity (4) with half of the cavity (15) and outright frontal wall (2) and (3), or (2) and (8) which are of same thickness and from half of the smaller cavity (15) with partition wall (18), while across the element (1) there are three modules, so that one of these modules are consist of cavity (4) and by each of its sides half of the smaller ventilating cavity (9) and on the ends of concrete elements (1), looking across said element, one module is consist of bigger cavity (4) with half of the ventilating cavity (9) on one and outright wall across the element (2) and (3), which construction makes possible joining in horizontal and especially in vertical direction, so that each cavity (4, 9 and 15) is vertically compatible, while ventilating cavities (9) are bind horizontally by channels (16) and (17) and exterior cavities (4) on the spots of some of the partition walls (18) are joined with smaller cavities ( 5), so that partition walls are hacked (7), while the joining of the two neighboring elements are provide with the fact that a slot (8) on the flank of one elements perpetrates into a groove (3) of the thinner wall or into the half of the cavity (15) on cut elements, so the cutting across the element must always be on the exact half of the cavity (15) or along the side element cutting must be on the exact half of the cavity (9) of the three-chamber modular concrete element-block(l) with modules length : width is 4:3.

2. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete two-chamber modular element (12), see figure 2., is contractile almost identical to three-chamber element (1) according to claim 1, with only difference that said two-chamber element is thicker, so the proportion length: width is 4:2.

3. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete one-chamber modular element (13), see figure 3., is contractile almost identical to three-chamber element (1) according to claim 1 , with only difference that said one-chamber element is thicker, so the proportion length: width is 4:1.

4. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete three-chamber modular element (14), see figure 4., is contractile almost identical to three-chamber element (1) according to claim 1, with only difference that said three-chamber element has no mouldings along exterior walls with changes on the thickness of the wall (2) and (3), but exterior walls are completely flat with a concavity (22) on frontispiece of the element which by one of its edges (23) moves to a lower part as imitation of the facade joint, so that proportion length :width is 4:3.

5. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete three-chamber modular element (24), see figure 5., is contractile almost identical to three-chamber element (1) according to claim 1, with only difference that said three-chamber element has no mouldings along exterior walls with changes on the thickness of the wall (2) and

(3), but exterior walls are completely flat, so that proportion length: width is 4:3.

6. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete one-chamber modular element (25), see figure 6., is contractile almost identical to three-chamber element (1) according to claim 1, with only difference that said three-chamber element has no mouldings along exterior walls with changes on the thickness of the wall (2) and (3), but exterior walls are completely flat, and that said one-chamber element (25) is thicker, so that proportion length: width is 4:3.

7. The process according to claim 1 , is characterised by that concrete four-chamber, modular by its length element (26), see figure 7., is contractile almost identical to three-chamber element ( 1 ) according to claim 1, with difference that said four-chamber element has curved exterior and interior walls and cones partition walls with widening from interior to exterior wall, so bigger exterior square shaped cavities (27) are formed, while smaller cavities (29) are joined by cuts (30) and (33) on the cones walls (31) and (34), and interior cavities (28) are placed along the element (26) and they are joining each other by cuts (38) and (41), or exterior grooves and slots (37), (39), (40) and (42) which are placed on grooves (37) and (40) or on slots (39) and (42), so that one radial concrete element-block

(26) has three modules along the element and the construction of the elements themselves enables vertical compatibility between cavities (27, 28 and 29).

8. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete modular elements 1), (12), (13), (14), (24), (25) and (26) can be produced of ceramic concrete in the process when the clay with following structure of minerals: kaolinit (20-25%), ilit (8-10%), chloride (in traces), montmorillonit (3-4%), alumina (5-6%), quartz(37-40%), carbonates (up to 10%) after laying of for six months, are formed in vacuum press (43) into chips, which are 13% moist 50-100 mm long and their diameter is 10 mm, and then said chips are transported to the rotating furnace (44) to preheating during 30 minutes and then the chips are burned in rotating furnace (45) on 1000°C in period of 40 minutes and when the burning is finished ceramic chips are cooled of in rotating pipe (46) in period of 20 minutes during what the chips are not only cooled but they were disinfected too, in way when on the central part of the pipe on the temperature of 300 ° C we put mixture of Ca (OH) ₂ a d water in proportion 1 :10 in to the clay, which penetrates very fast in to the preheated cervical material, so it is cooled of during this process and even became more resistant to micro-organisms, and now, the chips are milled in the mill with bawl (48) and it was milled, the burned ceramic is sieved on the sieve (49) to fractions 0-0,09; 0,09-0,5; 0,5-1 ,0 and 1 -2 mm and now it is ready to be used for producing ceramic concrete by mmixing of ceramic fine-grounded aggregates (50) in dry state in following masses: fraction 0,09-0,5 mm 621,81 kg, fraction 0,5-1 mm 414,54 kg, fraction 1-2 mm 345,45 kg with 196,76 kg of water (it is 60% of the whole water) in the mixer, and after while we add pure Portland cement in quantity of 550 kg( l l) and the remaining, of water (131,17 kg) and of ceramic aggregate (the fraction 0-0,09 mm), in amount of 82,5 kg or that is 15% of cement, so after 3 minutes of mixing ceramic concrete is ready to be built in given molds by using vibrato-press with possibility to extract the unneεded water, so that the amount of volume of the pores which are filled with water or with air is 5% of the volume of ceramic concrete product, or the ceramic concrete mixture made of porous ceramic aggregate (50) and by process given detail description of the invention can be produced with vibrato machines or by hands.

9. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete modular elements (1), (12), (13), (14), (24), (25) and (26) can be filled with insulating polystyrene concrete (5), which are produced so that for bulk density of hardened polystyrene concrete known advance (from 200 to 800 kg/m"") the mass of components are measured according to equations and calculations given in detail descnption of the invention, and after that components are put into mixer with forced mixing: milled polystyrene (massiveness less then 5mm, when this massiveness is very important, because it provides simply technology from the aspects of mixing and building in moulds and good characteristics of final product as well as lower price, which is the result of the fact that said milled polystyrene is industrial waste) in mass m_tπι_.pϋl. , which is between 14,19 and 11,55 kg (depends of bulk density of final product), where the volume of milled polystyrene N_ni_poi_rast i ^staie of looseness is between 2,84 and 2,31 m^J is first, as second component is potable water in quantity between 222,77 and 296,41 kg, now said components are mixed for more ^lA minutes, so the water can penetrates into milled polystyrene and as third component we add fine-grounded ceramic in fractions less then 0,1 mm in quantities between 45,75 and 194,1 kg and finally we add pure Portland cement in quantities between 106,58 and 452,1 kg, so that the whole mixing is last for three minutes, after what fresh polystyrene concrete mixture is pumped into cavities (4),(15),(27) and (29) of the elements (1),(I2),(I3),(14),(24),(25) and (26) without the danger of segregation and without vibration, with mechanic or handily pressure so high that fresh polystyrene concrete mixture in state of looseness is compressed into volume, which is known advance and which will be between 200 and 800 kg/m³ after the hardening of the concrete.

10. The process according to claim 1, is characterised by that concrete modular elements (1), (12), (13), (14), (24), (25) and (26) can be filled with insulating pozder concrete (6), which are produce by the process when for the known bulk density of dry and hardened pozder concrete between 400 and 800 kg/m^J, the said producing are consist of two phases, the first one is preparing the aggregate (pozder), so that in the second phase, when the concrete is produced, the hydration of the cement and hardening of the concrete are provided, so that in the first phase the mass of components are measured according to equations and calculations given in detail description of this invention; the first step is to measure pozder, massiveness from 2 to 10 mm, in state of looseness, in masses m_p between 149,52 and 129,84 kg, after that pozder is put into water during two hours, so that minimal moisture of pozder should be 100%, which is followed by drying of pozder during 5 minutes and adding into mixer with forced mixing where water glass (Na₂O x Si ₂ or K₂O x SiO₂) as neutralisation material and material for acceleration of the hydration, in masses _TO between 7,47 and 6,49 kg (this mass should be equal to %5 of the mass of cement), which is mixed with water in proportion 1:1, is put too during the mixing itself, so that thin film of said solution is formed around the granules of pozder, and after 1 minute of mixing 20% of cement in masses(m*_c) between 28,74 and 76,90 and 20% of fine-grounded ceramic in masses (m ) between 12,32 and 34,96 kg are put into mixer for more 5 minutes of mixing, so that thin film is formed around the granules of pozder and when mixing is finished the mixture state of looseness is put to lay for 24 hours and then we got the final aggregate which is used in production of pozder concrete, which bulk density in known advance (it is between 400 and 800 kg/m^J), which goes by following steps (for the volume of Inr¹) : the prepared aggregate in masses m_p between 149,51 and 129,84kg with condition that said mass of pozder must be increased with m*_c and m*_k and with mass of water, which is mass of the moisture of pozder, so that mass formed with this is between 190,58kg -r H_p (%) x 149,52 and 239,7kg + H_p (%) x 129,84, put into mixer with forced mixing, the second component is 30% of whole mass of water, which is between 32,00 and 85,77 kg, the third components the remaining 80% of cement in masses m_c between 114,97 and 371,62 kg, the fourth component is the remaining 80% of fine-grounded ceramic (fractions less then 0,1 mm) in masses m_k between 49,77 and

131,83 kg, with condition that mixing is permanent during the whole process and finally we add the remaining 70% of water in masses between 74,8 and 200,14 kg, so that after mixing (the whole mixing last for at least 5 minutes) the fresh pozder concrete is pumped into cavities (4),(9),(15),(27) and (29) of the elements (1 ),(T2),(13),(14),(24),(25) and (26) with compression without vibration so high that fresh pozder concrete mixture in state of looseness is compressed into volume, which is known advance.