EP1176222A2 - Wärmebehandlung von Matrizeeinsätzen bestehend aus Superlegierungen auf Nickel-Basis - Google Patents

Wärmebehandlung von Matrizeeinsätzen bestehend aus Superlegierungen auf Nickel-Basis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1176222A2
EP1176222A2 EP01305605A EP01305605A EP1176222A2 EP 1176222 A2 EP1176222 A2 EP 1176222A2 EP 01305605 A EP01305605 A EP 01305605A EP 01305605 A EP01305605 A EP 01305605A EP 1176222 A2 EP1176222 A2 EP 1176222A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die insert
rigid die
gamma
rene
superalloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01305605A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1176222A3 (de
Inventor
Raymond Grant Rowe
David Peter Mika
Arne Ronald Majorell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP1176222A2 publication Critical patent/EP1176222A2/de
Publication of EP1176222A3 publication Critical patent/EP1176222A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to die inserts formed from nickel-based superalloys, and, more particularly but not exclusively, to rigid die inserts formed from the superalloy Rene 95 and having improved resistance to crack propagation and yield stress.
  • Hot forming operations require rigid dies to form and shape the working material.
  • the dies are exposed to extreme temperatures and pressures and can fail under a number of life-limiting conditions such as excessive wear, cracking or heat-checking.
  • die replacement is costly in terms of material expense, machining effort and operation downtime. Efforts to increase die life are constantly sought.
  • die inserts are formed from materials such as nickel-base superalloys that can withstand the extreme conditions encountered during hot forming. Therefore, what is needed is a rigid die insert, formed from a superalloy, that has improved resistance to crack propagation and improved yield stress. What is also needed is a method of treating rigid die inserts formed from a nickel-base superalloy that will increase the life of the die by improving the crack propagation resistance and yield strength of the die insert.
  • the present invention meets these needs and others by providing a rigid die insert having an extended usable life when used in hot forming operations.
  • the rigid die insert is made from a nickel-base superalloy, preferably Rene 95, having fine-grained gamma-prime ( ⁇ ') particles uniformly distributed throughout the die.
  • the invention also provides a heat treatment process for dies formed from a nickel-base superalloy, preferably Rene 95, to extend usable life of the die by improving the crack propagation resistance and yield strength of the die.
  • one aspect of the present invention is to provide a rigid die insert for forming and shaping a working material.
  • the rigid die insert comprises a nickel-base superalloy, wherein a plurality of gamma prime particles are uniformly distributed throughout the rigid die insert, and wherein the rigid die insert has a Rockwell hardness, R c , of between about 48 and about 52.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is to provide a nickel-base superalloy for forming a rigid die insert.
  • the nickel-base superalloy comprises a Rene 95 alloy and is formed by heating the Rene 95 alloy to a sub-solvus temperature for a first predetermined hold time, quenching the Rene 95 in a room temperature bath, and heating the Rene 95 alloy to a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined hold time.
  • the nickel-base superalloy has a plurality of gamma prime particles uniformly distributed throughout, and a Rockwell hardness, R c , of between about 48 and about 52.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is to provide a rigid die insert for forming and shaping a working material.
  • the rigid die insert comprises a treated Rene 95 superalloy, the Rene 95 superalloy being treated by heating the Rene 95 superalloy to a sub-solvus temperature for a first predetermined hold time, quenching the Rene 95 superalloy in a room temperature bath, and heating the Rene 95 superalloy to a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined hold time.
  • the treated Rene 95 superalloy has a plurality of gamma prime particles uniformly distributed throughout, and a Rockwell hardness, R c , of between about 48 and about 52.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of treating a rigid die insert to reduce crack propagation and raise yield stress, wherein the rigid die insert comprises a nickel-base superalloy having a plurality of gamma-prime particles, each of the gamma-prime particles having a particle size.
  • the method comprises the steps of: providing the rigid die insert; dissolving larger gamma-prime particles in the rigid die insert; and growing additional gamma-prime particles of smaller particle size in the rigid die insert, whereby the particle size of each of the plurality of gamma-prime particles is refined, thereby reducing crack propagation and raising the yield stress of the rigid die insert.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of refining the particle size of gamma-prime particles in a Rene 95 superalloy.
  • the method comprises the steps of: providing a Rene 95 superalloy; heating the Rene 95 superalloy to a first temperature, the first temperature being a temperature below a solvus temperature of the Rene 95 superalloy thereby dissolving larger gamma-prime particles; quenching the Rene 95 superalloy at room temperature in a bath; and aging the Rene 95 superalloy at a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined hold time, thereby growing additional gamma-prime particles of smaller particle size, whereby a more uniform size distribution of gamma-prime particles is created.
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of treating a rigid die insert to reduce crack propagation and raise yield stress.
  • the rigid die insert comprises a Rene 95 superalloy having a plurality of gamma-prime particles, each of the gamma-prime particles having a particle size.
  • the method comprises the steps of: providing the rigid die insert; heating the rigid die insert to a first temperature for a first predetermined hold time, the first temperature being a temperature below a solvus temperature of the Rene 95 superalloy; forced-air cooling the rigid die insert; quenching the rigid die insert at room temperature in a bath, thereby dissolving larger gamma-prime particles; and aging the rigid die insert at a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined hold time, whereby the particle size of each of the plurality of gamma-prime particles is refined, thereby reducing crack propagation and raising the yield stress of the rigid die insert.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a die assembly with the die insert of the present invention.
  • Die 10 which is used to hot work working material 30, typically comprises two half segments 12 and 22. Each half segment 12 and 22 has an outer shell 14 and rigid a die insert 16.
  • the outer shell 14 may be formed from a material such as, but not limited to, high strength tool steel.
  • the present invention provides a rigid die insert 16 having an extended usable life when used in hot forming operations.
  • the rigid die insert 16 is made from a nickel-base superalloy, preferably Rene 95, and contains a plurality of fine-grained gamma-prime ( ⁇ ') particles uniformly distributed throughout the die.
  • Rene 95 is a nickel-base superalloy comprising: between about 12 and 14 weight percent chromium; between about 7 and 9 weight percent cobalt; between about 3.3 and about 3.7 weight percent molybdenum; between about 3.3 and about 3.7 weight percent tungsten; between about 3.3 and about 3.7 weight percent niobium; between about 2.3 and about 2.7 weight percent titanium; between about 3.3 and about 2.7 weight percent aluminum; between about 0.04 and about 0.09 weight percent carbon; between about 0.006 and about 0.016 weight percent boron; between about 0.03 and about 0.07 weight percent zirconium; with the balance of the alloy being nickel.
  • the present invention also provides a heat treatment process for dies made of the superalloy Rene 95 to extend the usable life of the die 10 when it is used in hot forming operations. The heat treatment has been shown to increase die life by over 87%.
  • As-received superalloy material such as Rene 95, typically comprises a combination of large and small gamma prime ( ⁇ ') particles in a nickel matrix with a Rockwell hardness, R c , of about 42.
  • the central idea of the heat treatment of the present invention is to inhibit crack propagation and raise the yield stress by eliminating large gamma prime particles and thus obtain a more uniform size distribution of the gamma prime particles. This is achieved through heating the superalloy material to a sub-solvus temperature, followed by rapid cooling in a room temperature bath. This combination of heating and quenching dissolves the large gamma prime particles and creates a more uniform distribution of fine gamma prime particles.
  • Additional fine gamma prime precipitate are grown from solution by an aging process, which includes heating to a predetermined temperature for a specified hold time.
  • Superalloy materials that are heat treated according to the present invention exhibit an increase in hardness.
  • the measured Rockwell hardness, R c , of Rene 95 material after the heat treatment according to the present invention is in the range from about 48 to about 52.
  • the cooling, or quench, rate must be fast enough to lock in the desirable microstructure. At the same time, however, the cooling rate must be sufficiently slow to avoid cracking the material due to thermal gradient-induced stresses. Cracks can be initiated at the surface or center of the material due to the rapidly cooling material that shrinks and yields plastically in tension. These stresses must be kept below the ultimate strength of the material.
  • a rigid die insert formed from a nickel-base superalloy preferably Rene 95
  • a sub-solvus temperature i.e., below the solvus temperature of the particular nickel-base superalloy.
  • the rigid die insert 16 is heated to about 2050°F in an inert atmosphere, such as argon, and held at temperature for about 2 hours.
  • the rigid die insert 16 is immediately cooled with forced air provided by a fan or any equivalent device. After a period of air cooling, the duration of which is governed by the before mentioned constraints on yielding, the rigid die insert 16 is quickly quenched in a room-temperature bath.
  • the air cooling duration is about 30 seconds.
  • An oil bath is preferably used for the quench bath.
  • the rigid die insert 16 is left in the bath until safe removal is possible.
  • the rigid die insert 16 is aged by slowly heating the rigid die insert 16 to a second temperature for a predetermined hold time.
  • the aging step comprises heating the rigid die insert 16 to about1400°F in an inert atmosphere, such as argon, and holding the rigid die insert 16 at temperature for about 16 hours.
  • the most appropriate sub-solvus temperature and cooling rate is dependent on the size and geometry of the rigid die insert 16 that is heat treated. Whereas the heat treatment of the present invention has been optimized for dies of approximately 4"x2"x11 ⁇ 2" in size, a similar heat treatment, with minor modifications to cooling rates, is appropriate for larger or smaller dies or dies of differing geometry.
  • Parts were hot formed using three types of dies: a die of an earlier design having a Rene 95 die insert that was not heat treated according to the present invention; a redesigned die having a Rene 95 die insert that was not heat treated according to the present invention; and a redesigned die having a Rene 95 die insert that was heat treated according to the present invention.
  • the average lives of the different die types represented by the average number of pieces produced before die failure, are compared in Figure 2.
  • the die of earlier design (“Old Style Die” in Figure 2) produced an average of 975 pieces before failure.
  • the redesigned die which did not have a Rene 95 die insert that was heat treated according to the present invention (“New Style Die” in Figure 2) produced an average of 1442 pieces before failure.
  • an entire die may be formed from a nickel-base alloy and heat treated according to the method described herein.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP01305605A 2000-06-30 2001-06-27 Wärmebehandlung von Matrizeeinsätzen bestehend aus Superlegierungen auf Nickel-Basis Withdrawn EP1176222A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21560100P 2000-06-30 2000-06-30
US215601 2000-06-30
US09/825,128 US20020139458A1 (en) 2000-06-30 2001-04-03 Heat treatment of rene 95 die inserts
US825128 2001-04-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1176222A2 true EP1176222A2 (de) 2002-01-30
EP1176222A3 EP1176222A3 (de) 2002-03-06

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EP01305605A Withdrawn EP1176222A3 (de) 2000-06-30 2001-06-27 Wärmebehandlung von Matrizeeinsätzen bestehend aus Superlegierungen auf Nickel-Basis

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Country Link
US (1) US20020139458A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1176222A3 (de)
CA (1) CA2351153A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073101A1 (de) * 1981-07-24 1983-03-02 BICC Public Limited Company Durch Reibung betätigte Strangpressen
EP0238478A2 (de) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-23 BÖHLER Gesellschaft m.b.H. Strangpressmatrize
EP0460678A1 (de) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Hitzebeständige Legierung auf Nickelbasis für Matrize
US5328659A (en) * 1982-10-15 1994-07-12 United Technologies Corporation Superalloy heat treatment for promoting crack growth resistance

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073101A1 (de) * 1981-07-24 1983-03-02 BICC Public Limited Company Durch Reibung betätigte Strangpressen
US5328659A (en) * 1982-10-15 1994-07-12 United Technologies Corporation Superalloy heat treatment for promoting crack growth resistance
EP0238478A2 (de) * 1986-03-18 1987-09-23 BÖHLER Gesellschaft m.b.H. Strangpressmatrize
EP0460678A1 (de) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Hitzebeständige Legierung auf Nickelbasis für Matrize

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PETER J. BLAU: "ASM Handbook, Volume 18, Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology" 1992 , ASM INTERNATIONAL , USA XP002182913 * page 621 - page 627 * *

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Publication number Publication date
CA2351153A1 (en) 2001-12-30
EP1176222A3 (de) 2002-03-06
US20020139458A1 (en) 2002-10-03

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