Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
  • B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
  • B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
  • B41M5/5218—Macromolecular coatings characterised by inorganic additives, e.g. pigments, clays
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
  • B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
  • B41M5/5236—Macromolecular coatings characterised by the use of natural gums, of proteins, e.g. gelatins, or of macromolecular carbohydrates, e.g. cellulose
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
  • B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
  • B41M5/5245—Macromolecular coatings characterised by the use of polymers containing cationic or anionic groups, e.g. mordants
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
  • B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
  • B41M5/5254—Macromolecular coatings characterised by the use of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers

Definitions

• This invention relates to an ink jet recording element, more particularly to a porous ink jet recording element and a printing method using the element.
• ink droplets are ejected from a nozzle at high speed towards a recording element or medium to produce an image on the medium.
• the ink droplets, or recording liquid generally comprise a recording agent, such as a dye or pigment, and a large amount of solvent.
• the solvent, or carrier liquid typically is made up of water, an organic material such as a monohydric alcohol, a polyhydric alcohol or mixtures thereof.
• An ink jet recording element typically comprises a support having on at least one surface thereof an ink-receiving or image-forming layer.
• the ink-receiving layer may be a porous layer which imbibes the ink via capillary action or a polymer layer which swells to absorb the ink.
• Ink jet prints prepared by printing onto ink jet recording elements, are subject to environmental degradation. They are especially vulnerable to water smearing and light fade.
• ink jet dyes are water-soluble, they can migrate from their location in the image layer when water comes in contact with the receiver after imaging.
• Highly swellable hydrophilic layers can take an undesirably long time to dry, slowing printing speed, and will dissolve when left in contact with water, destroying printed images.
• Porous layers speed the absorption of the ink vehicle, but often suffer from insufficient gloss and severe light fade. Porous layers are also difficult to coat without cracking.
• EP 940,427 discloses a method for making a microporous film for an ink jet recording element in which a hydrophobic polymer and a second hydrophilic polymer or copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone is dissolved in a certain solvent system, partially dried, and then washed to extract at least 50% by weight of the second polymer.
• the amount of the hydrophobic polymer to the second hydrophilic polymer is stated as 2:1 - 1:3.
• This reference also discloses the addition of a mordant to the polymer mixture.
• the amount of the mordant to be used is up to 3% by weight of the hydrophobic polymer, which corresponds to a maximum amount of about 2-3 % by weight of the total polymer mixture. There is a problem with using only 3% of the mordant as this low a level does not provide adequate water fastness, as will be shown hereafter.
• an ink jet recording element comprising a support having thereon an image-receptive layer capable of accepting an ink jet image the layer comprising an open-pore membrane of a mixture of a water-insoluble polymer, a water-absorbent polymer and a mordant, the mixture containing at least about 25% by weight of the water-absorbent polymer, at least about 7% by weight of the mordant, and the balance being the water-insoluble polymer, the mordant comprising a polymer or copolymer containing a quaternized nitrogen moiety.
• a recording element which will provide improved ink uptake speed and when printed upon has an excellent image quality and improved water fastness.
• Another object of the invention relates to an ink jet printing method comprising the steps of:
• the water-insoluble polymer In order for the image-receptive layer to be sufficiently porous, the water-insoluble polymer must be coated from a solvent mixture combination such that an open-pore membrane structure will be formed when the solution is coated and dried, in accordance with the known technique of dry phase inversion.
• the formation of an open-pore membrane is accomplished by using a mixture of a good and poor solvent for the water-insoluble polymer.
• the poor solvent has a boiling point that is higher than that of the good solvent.
• the good solvent evaporates faster than the poor solvent, forming the membrane structure of the layer when the polymer phase separates from the solvent mixture.
• the open-pore structure results when the good solvent and poor solvent are removed by drying.
• the water-insoluble polymer that can be used in the invention may be, for example, a cellulose ester such as cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate or cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, polyacrylates such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(phenyl methacrylate) and copolymers with acrylic or methacrylic acid, or sulfonates, polyesters, polyurethanes, polysulfones, urea resins, melamine resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, polyacetals, polybutyrals, epoxies and epoxy acrylates, phenoxy resins, polycarbonates, vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl-alcohol copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic acid polymers, vinyl chloride
• the water-absorbent polymer that is used in the invention may be, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone and vinylpyrrolidone-containing copolymers, polyethyloxazoline and oxazoline-containing copolymers, imidazole-containing polymers, polyacrylamides and acrylamide-containing copolymers, poly(vinyl alcohol) and vinyl-alcohol-containing copolymers, poly(vinyl methyl ether), poly(vinyl ethyl ether), poly(ethylene oxide), hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and mixtures thereof.
• the mordant comprising a polymer or copolymer containing a quaternized nitrogen moiety used in the invention serves to improve the fixability of an ink jet image, thereby improving water fastness and smear.
• the mordant polymer can be a soluble polymer, or a crosslinked dispersed microparticle.
• the mordant polymer or copolymer containing a quaternized nitrogen moiety which is useful in the invention can contain other comonomers such as, for example, styrenics, acrylates, imidazoles, vinylpyridines, etc.
• Examples of specific mordants include poly(styrene-co-1-vinylimidazole-co-1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride), poly(styrene-co-1-vinylimidazole-co-1-vinyl-3-hydroxyethyl-imidazolium chloride), poly(styrene-co-1-vinylimidazole-co-1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride-co-1-vinyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolium chloride), poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride-co-divinylbenzene), poly(ethyl acrylate-co-1-vinylimidazole-co-1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride), or poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine-co-4-hydroxyethyl-1-vinylpyridinium chloride).
• the quaternary nitrogen moiety is a salt of trimethylvinylbenzylammonium, benzyldimethylvinylbenzylammonium, dimethyloctadecylvinylbenzylammonium, 1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium, 1-vinyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolium or 4-hydroxyethyl-1-vinylpyridinium.
• Preferred counter ions which can be used include chlorides or other counter ions as disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,223,338; 5,354,813; and 5,403,955, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
• the choice of a good and poor solvent for the water-insoluble polymer will be effectively determined by the specific choice of polymer.
• the good solvent that can be used in the invention includes alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, Dowanol® solvents, glycols, ketones such as acetone, 2-butanone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, methylacetoacetate, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, pyridine, chlorinated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and dichloroethane, hexane, heptane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylenes, nitrobenzene
• the poor solvent that can be used in the invention may be, for example, alcohols such as ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, and Dowanol® solvents, glycols, ketones such as 2-butanone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, methylacetoacetate, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, pyridine, chlorinated solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, and dichloroethane, hexane, heptane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylenes, nitrobenzene, water, and mixtures thereof.
• alcohols such as ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isoprop
• image recording element may come in contact with other image recording articles or the drive or transport mechanisms of image recording devices, additives such as filler particles, surfactants, lubricants, crosslinking agents, matte particles and the like may be added to the element to the extent that they do not degrade the properties of interest.
• additives such as filler particles, surfactants, lubricants, crosslinking agents, matte particles and the like may be added to the element to the extent that they do not degrade the properties of interest.
• Filler particles may be used in the open-pore membrane such as silicon oxide, fumed silica, silicon oxide dispersions such as those available from Nissan Chemical Industries and DuPont Corp., aluminum oxide, fumed alumina, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, barium sulfate mixtures with zinc sulfide, inorganic powders such as ⁇ -aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, doped tin oxide, alumino-silicate, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and diamond in fine powder, as described in U.S. Patent 5,432,050.
• silicon oxide fumed silica
• silicon oxide dispersions such as those available from Nissan Chemical Industries and DuPont Corp.
• aluminum oxide fumed alumina, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, barium sulfate mixtures with zinc sulfide
• inorganic powders such as ⁇ -aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide,
• a dispersing agent, or wetting agent can be present to facilitate the dispersion of the filler particles. This helps to minimize the agglomeration of the particles.
• Useful dispersing agents include, but are not limited to, fatty acid amines and commercially available wetting agents such as Solsperse® sold by Zeneca, Inc. (ICI).
• Preferred filler particles are silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate. Preferably, these filler particles have a median diameter less than 1.0 ⁇ m.
• the filler particles can be present in the amount from about 0 to 80 percent of the total solids in the dried open-pore membrane layer, most preferably in the amount from about 0 to 40 percent.
• the open-pore membrane layer may include lubricating agents.
• Lubricants and waxes useful either in the open-pore membrane layer or on the side of the element that is opposite the open-pore membrane layer include, but are not limited to, polyethylenes, silicone waxes, natural waxes such as carnauba, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxane, fluorinated silicones, functionalized silicones, stearates, polyvinylstearate, fatty acid salts, and perfluoroethers.
• Aqueous or non-aqueous dispersions of submicron size wax particles such as those offered commercially as dispersions of polyolefins, polypropylene, polyethylene, high density polyethylene, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, natural waxes such as carnauba wax, and synthetic waxes from such companies as, but not limited to, Chemical Corporation of America (Chemcor), Inc., Michelman Inc., Shamrock Technologies Inc., and Daniel Products Company, are useful.
• the open-pore membrane layer may include coating aids and surfactants such as nonionic fluorinated alkyl esters such as FC-430®, FC-431®, FC-10®, FC-171® sold by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co., Zonyl® fluorochemicals such as Zonyl-FSN®, Zonyl-FTS®, Zonyl-TBS®, Zonyl-BA® sold by DuPont Corp.; other fluorinated polymer or copolymers such as Modiper F600® sold by NOF Corporation, polysiloxanes such as Dow Corning DC 1248®, DC200®, DC510®, DC 190® and BYK 320®, BYK 322®, sold by BYK Chemie and SF 1079®, SF1023®, SF 1054®, and SF 1080® sold by General Electric, and the Silwet® polymers sold by Union Carbide; polyoxyethylene-lauryl ether surfactants; sorbitan laurate,
• the open-pore membrane layer may include crosslinking agents, such as organic isocyanates such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, diisocyanato dimethylcyclohexane, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dimethylbenzene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate; aziridines such as taught in U. S.
• organic isocyanates such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, diisocyanato dimethylcyclohexane, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dimethylbenzene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, ly
• Patent 4,225,665 ethyleneimines such as Xama-7® sold by EIT Industries; blocked isocyanates such as CA BI-12 sold by Cytec Industries; melamines such as methoxymethylmelamine as taught in U.S. Patent 5,198,499; alkoxysilane coupling agents including those with epoxy, amine, hydroxyl, isocyanate, or vinyl functionality; Cymel® crosslinking agents such as Cymel 300®, Cymel 303®, Cymel 1170®, Cymel 1171® sold by Cytec Industries; and bis-epoxides such as the Epon® family sold by Shell.
• ethyleneimines such as Xama-7® sold by EIT Industries
• blocked isocyanates such as CA BI-12 sold by Cytec Industries
• melamines such as methoxymethylmelamine as taught in U.S. Patent 5,198,499
• alkoxysilane coupling agents including those with epoxy, amine, hydroxyl, isocyanate, or vinyl functionality
• crosslinking agents include compounds such as aryloylureas, aldehydes, dialdehydes and blocked dialdehydes, chlorotriazines, carbamoyl pyridiniums, pyridinium ethers, formamidinium ethers, and vinyl sulfones.
• Such crosslinking agents can be low molecular weight compounds or polymers, as discussed in U. S. Patent 4,161,407 and references cited.
• the useful thickness range of the open-pore membrane layer used in the invention is from about 1 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m, preferably from about 2 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m.
• the base support for the open-pore membrane layer of the recording element can be opaque resin coated paper, plain paper, coated paper, synthetic paper, or a transparent material, such as cellulose derivatives, e.g., a cellulose ester, cellulose triacetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate; polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and copolymers thereof; polyimides; polyamides; polycarbonates; polystyrene; polyolefins, such as polyethylene or polypropylene; polysulfones; polyacrylates; polyether imides; and mixtures thereof.
• the papers listed above include a broad range of papers, from high end papers, such as photographic paper to low end papers, such as newsprint.
• the support used in the invention may employ an undercoat or an adhesive layer such as, for example, a vinylidene chloride-methyl acrylate-itaconic acid terpolymer or a vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile-acrylic acid terpolymer.
• an adhesive layer such as, for example, a vinylidene chloride-methyl acrylate-itaconic acid terpolymer or a vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile-acrylic acid terpolymer.
• Other chemical adhesives such as polymers, copolymers, reactive polymers or copolymers, that exhibit good bonding between the open-pore membrane layer and the support can be used.
• Other methods to improve the adhesion of the layer to the support include surface treatment such as by corona-discharge, plasma-treatment in a variety of atmospheres, UV treatment, etc, which is performed prior to applying the layer to the support.
• the recording element of the invention can contain one or more conducting layers such as an antistatic layer to prevent undesirable static discharges during manufacture and printing of the image. This may be added to either side of the element.
• Antistatic layers conventionally used for color films have been found to be satisfactory, such as those in U.S. Patent 5,147,768, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Preferred antistatic agents include metal oxides, e.g., tin oxide, antimony doped tin oxide and vanadium pentoxide. These antistatic agents are preferably dispersed in a film-forming binder.
• Coating methods may include, but are not limited to, wound wire rod coating, knife coating, slot coating, slide hopper coating, gravure coating, spin coating, dip coating, skim-pan-air-knife coating, multilayer slide bead, blade coating, curtain coating, multilayer curtain coating and the like. Some of these methods allow for simultaneous coatings of more than one layer, which is preferred from a manufacturing economic perspective if more than one layer or type of layer needs to be applied.
• the support may be stationary, or may be moving so that the coated layer is immediately drawn into drying chambers.
• the ink jet inks used to image the recording elements of the present invention are well known in the art.
• the ink compositions used in ink jet printing typically are liquid compositions comprising a solvent or carrier liquid, dyes or pigments, humectants, organic solvents, detergents, thickeners, preservatives, and the like.
• the solvent or carrier liquid can be solely water or can be water mixed with other water-miscible solvents such as polyhydric alcohols.
• Inks in which organic materials such as polyhydric alcohols are the predominant carrier or solvent liquid may also be used. Particularly useful are mixed solvents of water and polyhydric alcohols.
• the dyes used in such compositions are typically watersoluble direct or acid type dyes.
• Such liquid compositions have been described extensively in the prior art including, for example, U.S. Patents 4,381,946; 4,239,543 and 4,781,758, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
• Poly(styrene-co-1-vinylimidazole) (50/50) was prepared in a semicontinuous solution polymerization at 54 wt.% solids in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 120 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere using Vazo 67® initiator from Du Pont Company as initiator. After a sample was removed for analysis, the remaining polymer solution was diluted to 20 wt.% in DMF to provide a stock solution for the preparation of mordant polymers.
• DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
• a homogeneous solution was prepared from 6 wt % cellulose diacetate, CDA, (CA398-30, Eastman Chemical Company), 2 wt. % polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP, (K25 from Aldrich Chemical Co.), 2 wt. % mordant polymer F-1 above, 54 wt. % acetone (good solvent), and 36 wt. % 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol (poor solvent).
• the solution was coated onto a plain paper support using a calibrated coating knife, and dried to remove substantially all solvent components to form a microporous membrane.
• a homogeneous solution was prepared from 9 wt % CDA, 50.0 wt % acetone, and 41.0 wt % 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol.
• the solution was metered to a slot-die coating apparatus and coated onto a plain paper support moving at a speed of about 15 m/min.
• the coated support immediately entered the drying section of the coating machine to remove substantially all solvent components and form an image receiving element comprised of a microporous membrane.
• a homogeneous solution was prepared from 7.33 wt % CDA, 3.67 wt % polyvinylpyrrolidone (K30 from Aldrich Chemical Company), 62.3 wt % acetone, and 26.7 wt % 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol.
• the element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1.
• a cyan ink jet ink was prepared using a standard formulation with Direct Blue 199 as the dye.
• a magenta ink jet ink was prepared using a standard formulation with Dye 6 from U.S. Patent 6,001,161.
• a Lexmark Z-51 ink jet printer Using a Lexmark Z-51 ink jet printer, a series of square patches of varying dye density were printed onto the above elements. The density of each patch was read using an X-Rite 820® densitometer. A 200 microliter drop of deionized water was placed on each square and left undisturbed for 30 minutes. Then, excess water was gently blotted off and the area left to dry completely.
• the element of the invention improves the waterfastness of the printed image and has higher % retained dye density after the waterfastness test as compared to the control elements which do not contain a mordanting polymer.
• Example 2 Shows need for a mordanting polymer containing a quaternized nitrogen moiety
• the resulting emulsion was pumped through the stopcock over 90 min into a heated 1 L three-necked, round-bottomed reactor flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser and nitrogen inlet, and containing 365 mL of deionized, deaerated water, 5.0 g of dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, 0.06 g of sodium metabisulfite, and 0.90 g of potassium persulfate.
• the reaction flask was maintained at 60 °C with constant stirring over the course of the polymerization.
• a solution of 200 g of a 20.0 wt.% solution of styrene-co-1-vinylimidazole-co-1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride (50/40/10) (Compound F-5) in DMF was further quaternized with 1.6 g of 2-chloroethanol by stirring and heating at 100 °C for 18 hr.
• the reaction mixture was cooled and the polymer precipitated into diethyl ether with rapid stirring.
• the flaky precipitate was washed well with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum oven.
• a solution of 200 g of a 20.0 wt.% solution of styrene-co-1-vinylimidazole-co-1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride (50/40/10) (Compound F-5) in DMF was further quaternized with 3.2 g of 2-chloroethanol by stirring and heating at 100 °C for 18 hr.
• the reaction mixture was cooled and the polymer precipitated into diethyl ether with rapid stirring.
• the flaky precipitate was washed well with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum oven.
• a homogeneous solution was prepared the same as in Element 1 except that the mordant polymer was F-2.
• the element was prepared and coated the same as Control Element C-1.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer was F-3, the acetone was 49.5 wt. %, the 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol was at 26.5 wt. % and methanol was added at 14.0 wt. %.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer was F-4.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer was F-5.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer was F-6.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer was F-7.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer was F-8.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer F-1 was replaced by polymer M-1.
• Element Polymers (Wt. Ratios) % retained cyan dye at D-max % retained magenta dye at D-max 1 CDA/PVP/F-1 (60/20/20) 93 96 2 CDA/PVP/F-2 (60/20/20) 88 77 3 CDA/PVP/F-3 (60/20/20) 86 84 4 CDA/PVP/F-4 (60/20/20) 100 97 5 CDA/PVP/F-5 (60/20/20) 84 91 6 CDA/PVP/F-6 (60/20/20) 91 95 7 CDA/PVP/F-7 (60/20/20) 95 98 8 CDA/PVP/F-8 (60/20/20) 94 91 C-3 CDA/PVP/M-1 (60/20/20) 68 57
• Example 3 Shows need for at least 7 wt % of mordant
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer F-1 was at 1.2 wt. %, the acetone was 54.5 wt. %, and the 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol was at 36.3 wt. %.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer F-1 was at 0.6 wt. %, the acetone was 54.8 wt. %, and the 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol was at 36.6 wt. %.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer F-1 was at 0.2 wt. %, the acetone was 55.1 wt. %, and the 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol was at 36.7 wt. %.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that the mordant polymer F-1 was at 0.1 wt. %, the acetone was 55.1 wt. %, and the 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol was at 36.8 wt. %.
• the above results show the need to include at least about 7 wt. % of a mordant polymer to improve that water fastness of the printed image.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that an additional mordant polymer F-3 was added at 2 wt. %, the acetone was 48.4 wt. %, the 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol was at 25.5 wt. %, and methanol was added at 14.1 wt. %.
• This element was prepared and coated the same as Element 1 except that polymer M-1 was added at 2 wt. %, the acetone was 61.6 wt. %, the 2-methyl-2,4,-pentanediol was at 26.4 wt. %.

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