EP1175880B1 - Article absorbant avec élément de retenue - Google Patents
Article absorbant avec élément de retenue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1175880B1 EP1175880B1 EP01120699A EP01120699A EP1175880B1 EP 1175880 B1 EP1175880 B1 EP 1175880B1 EP 01120699 A EP01120699 A EP 01120699A EP 01120699 A EP01120699 A EP 01120699A EP 1175880 B1 EP1175880 B1 EP 1175880B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- absorbent article
- containment dam
- absorbent
- article according
- dam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
- A61F13/49—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
- A61F13/494—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means
- A61F13/49466—Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means the edge leakage prevention means being at the waist region
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
- A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
- A61F2013/15292—Resistance, i.e. modulus or strength
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
- A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
- A61F2013/15365—Dimensions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530802—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the foam or sponge other than superabsorbent
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
Claims (26)
- Article absorbant (20) définissant une direction longitudinale (38), une direction latérale (40) et une longueur totale, l'article absorbant présentant une section de taille avant (22), une section de taille arrière (24), une section intermédiaire (26) reliant lesdites sections de taille avant et arrière, une paire de bords d'extrémité longitudinalement opposés (30), un axe médian longitudinal (56) et un axe médian latéral (58), ledit article comprenant:a) une couche de feuille de support (32);b) une couche de feuille supérieure perméable au liquide (34) reliée dans une relation de superposition à ladite couche de feuille de support;c) un corps absorbant (36) situé entre ladite couche de feuille supérieure (34) et ladite couche de feuille de support (32);
caractérisé en ce que ledit article absorbant comprend:d) un élément de retenue résistant à la compression s'étendant latéralement (60), définissant une largeur (62), une longueur (64) et une hauteur (66) et situé sur la surface vers le corps de ladite couche de feuille supérieure entre un bord d'extrémité de ladite section de taille arrière (24) dudit article absorbant et l'axe médian latéral (58) dudit article absorbant, ledit élément de retenue définissant un rapport largeur - hauteur d'au moins 0,5 et une hauteur d'au moins 0,5 centimètre; ete) une première feuille absorbante (76) présentant un grammage allant de 10 à 150 grammes par mètre carré et située sur la surface vers le corps de ladite couche de feuille supérieure (34) entre ledit élément de retenue (60) et ledit axe médian latéral dudit article absorbant. - Article absorbant selon la revendication 1, et comprenant en outre une deuxième feuille absorbante (78) située sur ladite couche de feuille supérieure (34) entre ledit élément de retenue et ledit bord d'extrémité de ladite section de taille arrière (24) dudit article absorbant.
- Article absorbant selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) est situé longitudinalement vers l'intérieur à partir dudit bord d'extrémité de ladite section de taille arrière (24) à une distance correspondant à au moins 10 pour cent de la longueur totale dudit article absorbant.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) est situé longitudinalement vers l'intérieur à partir dudit bord d'extrémité de ladite section de taille arrière (24) à une distance allant de 15 pour cent à 45 pour cent de la longueur totale dudit article.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) définit une résistance à la compression d'au moins 50 pour cent.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) comprend une matière en mousse.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite première feuille absorbante (76) comprend une feuille de matière hydrophile.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite première feuille absorbante (76) définit une longueur le long dudit axe médian longitudinal (56) correspondant à au moins un pour cent de la longueur dudit article absorbant.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite première feuille absorbante (76) définit une longueur le long dudit axe médian longitudinal allant de 3 pour cent à 5 pour cent d'une longueur dudit article absorbant.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) définit une largeur d'au moins 0,5 centimètre et une longueur d'au moins 2,0 centimètres.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue définit une longueur correspondant à au moins 10 pour cent d'une largeur dudit article absorbant le long dudit axe médian latéral (58) dudit article absorbant.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) définit une longueur qui est égale à une largeur dudit article absorbant le long d'un axe médian latéral (58) dudit article absorbant.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) définit une forme tubulaire présentant une section transversale circulaire.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) définit une forme tubulaire présentant une section transversale en forme de larme.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, et comprenant en outre un moyen de fixation (74) pour fixer et stabiliser ledit élément de retenue (60) et maintenir ledit élément de retenue dans une position dressée pendant l'utilisation.
- Article absorbant selon la revendication 15, dans lequel ledit moyen de fixation comprend une feuille de matière (74) qui est attachée à ladite surface vers le corps dudit article absorbant et qui s'étend au moins partiellement sur ledit élément de retenue (60).
- Article absorbant selon la revendication 16, dans lequel ladite feuille de matière (74) est une matière hydrophobe.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 ou 17, dans lequel ladite feuille de matière (74) est une matière non tissée.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, dans lequel ladite feuille de matière (74) est arrangée de manière à épouser ledit élément de retenue (60) afin d'empêcher la formation d'espaces entre ladite feuille de matière et ledit élément de retenue.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite distance à laquelle ledit élément de retenue (60) est situé par rapport audit bord d'extrémité de ladite section de taille arrière (24) dudit article absorbant est d'au moins 5,0 centimètres.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite distance à laquelle ledit élément de retenue (60) est situé par rapport audit bord d'extrémité de ladite section de taille arrière (24) dudit article absorbant va de 5,0 à 15,0 centimètres.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite distance à laquelle ledit élément de retenue (60) est situé par rapport audit bord d'extrémité de ladite section de taille arrière (24) dudit article absorbant est d'au moins 10 centimètres.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) définit une résistance à la compression d'au moins 70 pour cent.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de retenue (60) définit une résistance à la compression d'au moins 85 pour cent.
- Article absorbant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, et comprenant en outre un deuxième élément de retenue s'étendant latéralement situé sur ladite surface vers le corps longitudinalement vers l'extérieur à partir dudit premier élément de retenue et destiné à empêcher l'écoulement longitudinal de matières fécales le long de ladite surface vers le corps dudit article absorbant.
- Article absorbant selon la revendication 25, dans lequel ledit deuxième élément de retenue s'étendant latéralement est de conception identique au premier.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69735681T DE69735681T3 (de) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-07-09 | Absorbierender Artikel mit Behältnisdamm |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/706,581 US5833677A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1996-09-05 | Absorbent article having a containment dam |
US706581 | 1996-09-05 | ||
EP97934190A EP0932381B1 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-07-09 | Article absorbant avec element de retenue |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97934190A Division EP0932381B1 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-07-09 | Article absorbant avec element de retenue |
EP97934190.6 Division | 1998-03-12 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1175880A2 EP1175880A2 (fr) | 2002-01-30 |
EP1175880A3 EP1175880A3 (fr) | 2004-02-11 |
EP1175880B1 true EP1175880B1 (fr) | 2006-04-12 |
EP1175880B2 EP1175880B2 (fr) | 2012-05-09 |
Family
ID=24838212
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97934190A Expired - Lifetime EP0932381B1 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-07-09 | Article absorbant avec element de retenue |
EP01120699A Expired - Lifetime EP1175880B2 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-07-09 | Article absorbant avec élément de retenue |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97934190A Expired - Lifetime EP0932381B1 (fr) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-07-09 | Article absorbant avec element de retenue |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5833677A (fr) |
EP (2) | EP0932381B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001500402A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100499290B1 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR009552A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU718914B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9714999A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2263162A1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE69735681T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2191188T3 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL128437A0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998009592A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA976960B (fr) |
Cited By (12)
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US8656817B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2014-02-25 | Curt G. Joa | Multi-profile die cutting assembly |
USD703248S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-22 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
USD703247S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-22 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
USD703711S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-29 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum communication structure |
USD703712S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-29 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
USD704237S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-05-06 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
US8820380B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2014-09-02 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Differential speed shafted machines and uses therefor, including discontinuous and continuous side by side bonding |
US9089453B2 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2015-07-28 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Method for producing absorbent article with stretch film side panel and application of intermittent discrete components of an absorbent article |
US9283683B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2016-03-15 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structures |
US9289329B1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2016-03-22 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Method for producing pant type diapers |
US9433538B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2016-09-06 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web and formation of articles using a dual cut slip unit |
US9550306B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2017-01-24 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Single transfer insert placement and apparatus with cross-direction insert placement control |
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US5957907A (en) | 1997-08-13 | 1999-09-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article having a close to the body liner |
US6129720A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-10-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Extensible absorbent article including an extensible absorbent pad layer |
US6020535A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Extensible absorbent article including a release agent |
US6049023A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-04-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Extensible absorbent article including a tearable layer |
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US6135988A (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-10-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with an adhesive flap |
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US7128733B2 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2006-10-31 | Valentin Tara J | Incontinence article having a back guard |
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JP6518783B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 | 2019-05-22 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニーThe Procter & Gamble Company | 腰部ガスケット要素及びレッグカフを備える吸収性物品 |
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WO2016149593A1 (fr) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Article absorbant à manchons de jambe et élément d'étanchéité pour taille |
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US11523946B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2022-12-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with an exudate management layer |
JP7128616B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-28 | 2022-08-31 | 大王製紙株式会社 | パッド |
KR102014032B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-17 | 2019-10-21 | 김미희 | 체액의 등쪽 흐름 방지방법 및 이를 위한 소성 지지대, 체액흡수 물품 및 팬티 |
US11737930B2 (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2023-08-29 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Configurable single transfer insert placement method and apparatus |
KR102219537B1 (ko) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-23 | 강영자 | 패드용 오물유도 좌대가 구비된 패드커버 |
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-
1996
- 1996-09-05 US US08/706,581 patent/US5833677A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 EP EP97934190A patent/EP0932381B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 CA CA002263162A patent/CA2263162A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-09 EP EP01120699A patent/EP1175880B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 AU AU37306/97A patent/AU718914B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-07-09 IL IL12843797A patent/IL128437A0/xx unknown
- 1997-07-09 BR BR9714999-3A patent/BR9714999A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-09 WO PCT/US1997/012450 patent/WO1998009592A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-07-09 DE DE69735681T patent/DE69735681T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 KR KR10-1999-7001813A patent/KR100499290B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-09 DE DE69720018T patent/DE69720018T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 JP JP10512636A patent/JP2001500402A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-09 ES ES97934190T patent/ES2191188T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-05 ZA ZA9706960A patent/ZA976960B/xx unknown
- 1997-09-05 AR ARP970104079A patent/AR009552A1/es unknown
Cited By (12)
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US9433538B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2016-09-06 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web and formation of articles using a dual cut slip unit |
US9550306B2 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2017-01-24 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Single transfer insert placement and apparatus with cross-direction insert placement control |
US9089453B2 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2015-07-28 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Method for producing absorbent article with stretch film side panel and application of intermittent discrete components of an absorbent article |
US8656817B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2014-02-25 | Curt G. Joa | Multi-profile die cutting assembly |
US8820380B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2014-09-02 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Differential speed shafted machines and uses therefor, including discontinuous and continuous side by side bonding |
US9283683B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2016-03-15 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structures |
USD703248S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-22 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
USD703247S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-22 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
USD703711S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-29 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum communication structure |
USD703712S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-04-29 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
USD704237S1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2014-05-06 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Ventilated vacuum commutation structure |
US9289329B1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2016-03-22 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Method for producing pant type diapers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69735681T3 (de) | 2012-10-18 |
DE69720018D1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
ES2191188T3 (es) | 2003-09-01 |
JP2001500402A (ja) | 2001-01-16 |
KR20000068444A (ko) | 2000-11-25 |
AU3730697A (en) | 1998-03-26 |
EP1175880A3 (fr) | 2004-02-11 |
EP1175880A2 (fr) | 2002-01-30 |
AR009552A1 (es) | 2000-04-26 |
EP0932381B1 (fr) | 2003-03-19 |
EP1175880B2 (fr) | 2012-05-09 |
WO1998009592A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
KR100499290B1 (ko) | 2005-07-07 |
IL128437A0 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
CA2263162A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
BR9714999A (pt) | 2001-09-18 |
AU718914B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
EP0932381A1 (fr) | 1999-08-04 |
DE69735681D1 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
DE69735681T2 (de) | 2006-10-26 |
DE69720018T2 (de) | 2003-09-25 |
ZA976960B (en) | 1998-02-19 |
US5833677A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
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