EP1173905B1 - Input/output connector with grounded screened cables and method for assembling said connector - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a connector (1) which is provided with coaxial or similar type input/output cables (3) and secured against the wall (2) of an electrical apparatus. The connector (1) comprises a metal frame (5) provided with lugs (51) which are inserted and pinched on the ends thereof (52) between a fixing plate (102) which is joined to the connector (1) and the wall (2) of the apparatus. The rear wall (50) of the frame (5) comprises openings (500) through which the cables (3) pass. The cables include a bare area which is welded to the rear wall of the frame (50) on the side of the openings (500), whereby continued grounding is ensured between the screening (31) of the cables (3) and the wall (2) of the apparatus supporting the connector (1). The invention also relates to a method for producing and installing said connector.

Description

The invention relates to an input-output type connector with shielded cables earthed, and more particularly a connector whose inputs-outputs are cables of the coaxial type or of the so-called "twinaxis" type, or Similar.

The invention also relates to a method for producing such a connector.

The structure of a conventional coaxial cable comprises a conductor central, called core, constituted by a solid wire, generally copper. Blade central unit is surrounded by an electrically insulating dielectric material which separates from an external cylindrical screen, generally a metallic braid, forming a second conductor of a pair. The whole is surrounded by a sheath protection made of electrical insulating material. There are more complex structures comprising several central conductors and at least one metallic screen, for example example the so-called "twinaxe" structure comprising two central conductors massive. In what follows, to fix the ideas, we will take the example of cables coaxial, without limiting in any way the scope of the invention.

One of the common applications of such cables is the transmission of high frequency alternating or impulse signals. Also, coaxial cables or the like are associated with a number of electrical characteristics critical: in particular a characteristic impedance, a range of frequencies of use, attenuation, reflection coefficient or wave rate stationary ("TOS"), etc. In addition, it is often necessary to connect the shielding coaxial cables to the mechanical mass of equipment or devices, electrical and / or electronic, in which they are used, so that the signals are defined with respect to a well-defined potential.

In a lot of equipment, either because they are mobile, or because that they themselves must be put in communication with mobile devices, or at the very least disconnectable, provision is made for bushing connectors, complementary types, male and female. Each pair of connectors establishes a coaxial (or multicoaxial, connection if there are several cables connector output). We then take advantage of the presence of these connectors to perform the "earthing" function of the coaxial cables which pass through them.

Indeed, some connectors, called "equipment", are provided with organs which connect the external metal shielding of the coaxial contacts of different sizes to the metal body of the connector itself. American patent US-A-5 417 587 describes a connector of this type. Said connector makes it possible to connect the shielding of a coaxial cable to the metal ground of the equipment. However, the The proposed assembly has a number of drawbacks. In particular, this connector is more particularly dedicated to the implementation of a single coaxial type connection and shielding recovery is achieved by machined parts, specific to a given type of connector. In terms of profession, connectors of this type which make it possible to carry out the function of setting to the aforementioned mass, are often called "grounding". Mass continuity provided by them, between the equipment and the cable shield (braid), must be generally less than 10 mΩ.

• leur coût est élevé : typiquement de l'ordre de 2 à 3 kF, coût que l'on doit comparer à des connecteurs de la même famille (c'est-à-dire présentant des fonctions, hors mise à la masse, équivalentes), soit typiquement de l'ordre de 0,5 kF (soit dans un rapport de l'ordre de 1 à 5) ;
• dans de nombreux cas, il n'existe qu'une seule source d'approvisonnement (un seul fabricant et/ou distributeur), ce qui n'est généralement pas admissible il existe alors des risques sérieux de rupture de stock ;
• de façon corrélative, la pérennité d'approvisionnement est faible, lorsqu'elle repose sur l'existence d'une seule source d'approvisionnement ;
• les délais d'approvisionnement sont généralement longs, typiquement de l'ordre de 6 à 8 mois ; et
• les connecteurs remplissant la double fonction précitée existent dans peu de familles de connecteurs de type "équipement", ce qui restreint le choix des modèles.

Although the connectors of the aforementioned type serve a dual function (signal transmission and grounding), they are not without their drawbacks. If we place ourselves within the framework of a use on an industrial scale, they present in particular the following major drawbacks:

• their cost is high: typically of the order of 2 to 3 kF, a cost which must be compared with connectors of the same family (that is to say having functions, excluding grounding, equivalent) , or typically of the order of 0.5 kF (or in a ratio of the order of 1 to 5);
• in many cases, there is only one source of supply (only one manufacturer and / or distributor), which is generally not admissible there are then serious risks of stock-out;
• correlatively, the sustainability of supply is low, when it is based on the existence of a single source of supply;
• supply times are generally long, typically around 6 to 8 months; and
• connectors fulfilling the above double function exist in few families of "equipment" type connectors, which restricts the choice of models.

There is therefore a need to have connectors, having at least an output by coaxial cable or similar, ensuring the function of connecting the shielding metallic exterior of the cable (s) to the mechanical earth of the equipment supporting the connector, but not having the disadvantages of devices of the known art, some of which have just been recalled.

• d'assurer la fonction dite "grounding" précitée, ou mise à la masse ;
• de pouvoir s'adapter à toutes les familles de connecteurs standards, qu'ils soient de forme générale circulaire ou rectangulaire ;
• de présenter un volume d'encombrement minimum sur l'arrière du connecteur ;
• de permettre un montage et un démontage aisés ;
• de n'exiger qu'un surcoût faible par rapport à un connecteur standard n'offrant pas la fonction de mise à la masse ; et
• d'assurer une continuité de masse inférieure à 10 mΩ, comme dans l'art connu.

To do this, the connectors according to the invention are provided with a specific member, allowing in particular:

• to perform the above-mentioned "grounding" or grounding function;
• to be able to adapt to all families of standard connectors, whether they are generally circular or rectangular;
• to present a minimum overall volume on the rear of the connector;
• to allow easy assembly and disassembly;
• to require only a low additional cost compared to a standard connector not offering the function of earthing; and
• to ensure a mass continuity of less than 10 mΩ, as in the known art.

The aforementioned organ is made up of a single and simple piece, consisting of a metal frame, which will be called "foil" below, comprising a portion enveloping the connector and arranged extensions between the connector and the mechanical structure of equipment that supports this connector. More precisely, the foil is mounted pinched between the structure mechanical of the equipment, support of a standard connector, and this connector. Generally, the equipment comprises a flat wall provided with an opening intended to receive the body of the connector and means for fixing the latter. The front of the connector allows mechanical and electrical coupling with a complementary type connector. The coaxial cable (s) come out towards the back of the connector body, to and from other internal organs to equipment. The front part of the coaxial cables is provided with contacts also coaxial, intended to receive contacts of the complementary type.

Even more precisely, the foil itself comprises a wall surrounding the rear of the connector and extending forwards by wings lateral, preferably constituted by legs, the legs comprising themselves end folds pinched between the front of the connector body and the back of the equipment support wall. The back wall of the foil has one or more holes. In each hole is threaded a coaxial cable or similar, forming one of the inputs / outputs of the connector. Each cable coaxial is stripped, as necessary, at these holes and is welded to the tinsel.

• il assure la fonction mise à la masse ou "grounding", ce avec une continuité galvanique typique inférieure ou égale à 2,5 mΩ ;
• le volume supplémentaire sur l'arrière du connecteur, dû au dispositions de l'invention, est très faible ;
• le montage et/ou le démontage d'un tel organe est aisé, comme il le sera montré plus en détail ; et
• le surcoût dû à l'invention est faible, que ce soit en termes de matière supplémentaire nécessaire et de coût additionnel lors du processus de fabrication (les étapes de fabrication spécifiques à l'invention ne présentant pas de complexité notable).

It follows that the aforementioned or "flashy" organ responds well to the aims which the invention has set itself:

• it performs the grounding function, with a typical galvanic continuity less than or equal to 2.5 mΩ;
• the additional volume on the rear of the connector, due to the provisions of the invention, is very small;
• the assembly and / or disassembly of such a member is easy, as will be shown in more detail; and
• the additional cost due to the invention is low, whether in terms of the additional material required and the additional cost during the manufacturing process (the manufacturing steps specific to the invention do not present any significant complexity).

The invention therefore relates to a connector of the type comprising a body main fixed form, fixing means and at least one entry and / or output by a cable comprising at least one external shielding and exiting by a so-called rear face of the connector, said connector being intended to be mounted on a wall of electrically conductive material of electrical equipment and / or electronic and secured this wall by said fixing means, characterized in that each of said external cable shields is rendered accessible from the outside in a specific area at the end of said cable close to said rear face, in that it comprises a frame of material electrical conductor having at least one rear wall provided with as much of openings than cables, so that they can be threaded thereon, and wings side with end folds to be inserted and pinched between said fixing means and said wall of electrically conductive material, when the connector is secured to this wall, and in that said zones accessible from outside of said shield are electrically coupled to said rear wall of the frame at the level of said orifices, so as to establish a electrical continuity between said wall of electrically conductive material and said shield, when the connector is secured to this wall.

The invention also relates to a method for producing such a connector.

• la figure 1 illustre schématiquement, en éclaté, un exemple de connecteur standard à contacts coaxiaux, de section circulaire, destiné à âtre monté sur une paroi d'un équipement ; et
• la figure 2A à 2E illustrent les principales phases de réalisation d'un connecteur conforme à l'invention.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, among which:

• Figure 1 schematically illustrates, in exploded view, an example of standard connector with coaxial contacts, of circular section, intended to be mounted on a wall of equipment; and
• FIG. 2A to 2E illustrate the main phases of production of a connector according to the invention.

In what follows, to fix the ideas, without limiting in any way the scope of the invention, we will take the case of a section connector circular with coaxial contacts and coaxial input / output cables also.

Figure 1 illustrates, in exploded view, an example of connector structure standard 1, the body 10 of which is substantially cylindrical in shape, attachment to a wall 2 of equipment (not shown), which has been shown than a fraction.

To fix the ideas, it was assumed that the connector 1 is provided with three coaxial contacts (not visible) opening on the front face 101. These contacts are extended, on the rear face 100, by three coaxial cables 3, conveying signals, from and / or to other organs (not shown), arranged inside of connector support equipment 1.

In the context of the invention, the term "standard" here designates a connector 1 does not offer the function of earthing between the screen of shielding (not visible in FIG. 1) of the coaxial cables 3 and the support wall 2 of equipment.

To fix the connector to the wall 2, an orifice 20, of shape and of dimensions such that the body 10 of the connector 1 can be introduced therein. in this case, the orifice 20 is circular in shape and slightly in diameter greater than that of the body 10. The body 10 of the connector 1 is further provided a peripheral fixing plate 102 attached thereto or a member similar, for example of substantially square or rectangular shape. This plate 102 is arranged in a plane orthogonal to the axis of symmetry Δ of the body 10 and made integral with it, for example by welding during manufacture. A removable counterplate 103 is also often provided, comprising an orifice circular central 1031 to be able to be threaded on the body 10. The plates 102 and 103 also have fixing holes (of which only those, 1030, of the plate 103 are visible in Figure 1), for example arranged at the four corners.

The wall 2 also includes orifices or cutouts 200 intended for fixing the connector 1, made on the periphery of the orifice principal 20. These orifices or cutouts 200 are arranged in space, one by relative to each other around the center of symmetry C of the orifice 20, to be in correspondence with the orifices of the plates 102 and 103, for example 1030.

The final assembly of the connector 1 on the wall 2 is obtained by inserting its body 10 in the orifice 20, until the plate 102 comes in support on the wall 2. It is then enough to match the orifices of this plate 102 and the orifices 210 of the wall 2, as well as those, 1030, of the plate 103, and to use conventional screw-nut type bodies (not shown) to lock the connector 1 on the wall 2. The plywood 103 can be arranged against the plate 102 as illustrated in FIG. 1, or, in a embodiment not shown, threaded onto the body 10, on the other side of the wall 2 (by convention the front face), before tightening by the screw-nut type members. The wall 2 is then pinched between the plates 102 and 103.

A standard type connector does not inherently provide the earthing of the shielding of the rear coaxial cables 3, i.e. a coupling between this shielding is the wall 2, which is assumed to be metallic. Yes this function must be ensured, it is then necessary to use a so-called connector "grounding", as has been recalled, which allows this grounding of intrinsically. However, as has also been indicated, this type of connector has many disadvantages.

We will now describe, with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2E, an example for producing a connector in accordance with the invention, and its main phases of production. We must understand that certain phases of realization are common with known art. The specific phases will be specified.

The elements common to the previous figures bear the same references and will only be re-described as necessary.

FIG. 2A illustrates in more detail an example of coaxial cable 3 provided at its end with a coaxial contact 4 intended to be inserted into the body 10 of connector 1, as will be shown with reference to FIG. 2B. The coaxial cable 3, as indicated, usually includes an external sheath protection 30, made of electrically insulating material. This sheath 30 covers the shield 31, generally consisting of a metallic braid, with tight mesh.

According to a first characteristic of the invention, the cable 3 is stripped in a zone Zd at a predetermined distance d from the end of the coaxial contact 4. This operation constitutes a first step of mounting a connector 1 according to the invention.

FIG. 2B illustrates a standard connector 1, of the type of that shown in FIG. 1. However, on the one hand, the coaxial contacts 4 are not yet inserted in the body 10 of the connector 1, by its rear face 100, d on the other hand, according to one of the characteristics specific to the invention, the cables 3 comprise a stripped zone Zd .

In a subsequent step, the contacts 4 are inserted into the longitudinal channels 1000 provided for this purpose (parallel to the axis Δ) and opening on the rear face 100 of the body 10 of the connector 1. These channels 1000, parallel at the axis Δ, pass through the body 10 right through, so as to also open out on the front face 101. In a completely conventional manner, the length of the contacts 4 is generally less than the length of the body 10 of the connector 1. As a result, part of the end of the cables 3 carrying the contacts 4 is also pressed in channels 1000.

The contacts 4 are shown fully depressed in Figure 2C. we can also put on the body 10 the plywood 103. These operations are common, per se, with similar operations necessary to making a connector according to known art (Figure 1).

This FIG. 2C also shows an essential element of a connector 1 according to the invention. To carry out the "earthing" function, between the braid 31 and the mechanical structure 2 (FIG. 1) of an item of equipment or apparatus, according to a second very important characteristic of the invention, a metal frame 5, which has been called "tinsel", comprising a substantially planar rear wall 50. This rear face 50 is provided with orifices 500 having the same spatial configuration as the orifices 1000 (FIG. 2B), so that the rear wall 50 can be threaded over the cables. In addition, the distance d is such that the stripped zone Zd is outside the body 10 of the connector 1, but in the immediate vicinity of the rear face 100, when the foil is threaded on the cables 3, as it will be shown opposite Figures 2D and 2E. The orifices 500 advantageously have a circular section, of diameter slightly greater than the external diameter of the sheath 30.

According to another characteristic, the foils 5 are provided with flaps 51, folded back substantially 90 degrees from the wall 50, and having a second fold 52 at their ends, also at 90 degrees and inward. Advantageously, the flaps are formed by legs of small width, for example four legs at the high ends and bottom of the rear wall 50, on both sides thereof. The length of the legs is such that the end folds 52 trap the fixed plate 102 and pass in front of this plate, when the foil is in place (see figures 2D and 2E). FIG. 2C illustrates the foil 5 before being put in place, that is to say before being threaded on the coaxial cables 3. Also shown in this figure are fixing holes 1020 of the plate 102.

Figure 2D illustrates the assembly "connector1 - foil 5" mounted.

The last operation, before fitting connector 1 and its foil 5 on the structure 2 consists in welding the shielding (braids 31) on the rear face 50 of the foil. This step, also specific to the invention, makes it possible to ensure good electrical continuity between the shield 31 and the foil 5. This operation can be carried out in a known manner, for example by soldering using an induction iron.

As illustrated more particularly by FIG. 2E, the body 10 of the connector 1 is threaded into the opening 20. The wall 2 is then brought to bear on the front face of the fixing plate 102 (position 2 ′: arrow F ). It should be understood, however, that this is a relative movement. In reality, it is the connector 1 which is subject to a translational movement.

The last operation, also common, in itself, with known art consists in subjecting the assembly "connector 1 - foil 5" to the wall 2. On uses, as in the case of FIG. 1, any suitable conventional means, by example of screw-nut type bodies.

The folded ends 52 of the legs 51 are then pinched between the rear of this wall 2 and the front wall 101 of the body 10. This pinching ensures good electrical continuity between the wall 2, and therefore the equipment of which it is a part, and the foil 5. As a result, since the latter is welded to the shielding 31, in the stripping zone Zd , one realizes. simply, a good quality mechanical grounding between the structure (represented by the wall 2) and the shield 31 of the coaxial cables 3.

To ensure electrical continuity over time, it is necessary that the surface of the foil does not oxidize. Also, we proceed advantageously to an initial surface treatment.

• matériau constituant le clinquant 5 : cupro bérylium (par exemple connu sous la référence commerciale "UBE 2") ;
• traitement de surface : nickelage chimique et étamage local par trempage de matériau de référence commerciale "SN15/CU10", pour permettre le brasage de la face arrière 50 sur le blindage 31 ;
• épaisseur typique 0,2 mm ;
• diamètre des orifices 500 = diamètre des câbles 3 (gaine 30) + 1 mm ;
• surface de pincement (pattes d'extrémité 52) répartie entre les points de fixation : 200 mm² minimum ; et
• distance entre la face arrière 100 du corps 10 du connecteur 1 et la face de brasage 50 du clinquant : 5 mm minimum.

To fix the ideas, we will now give an example of practical realization of the foil 5:

• material constituting the foil 5: cupro berylium (for example known under the commercial reference "UBE 2");
• surface treatment: chemical nickel plating and local tinning by soaking of commercial reference material "SN15 / CU10", to allow soldering of the rear face 50 on the shield 31;
• typical thickness 0.2 mm;
• hole diameter 500 = cable diameter 3 (sheath 30) + 1 mm;
• clamping surface (end tabs 52) distributed between the fixing points: 200 mm ² minimum; and
• distance between the rear face 100 of the body 10 of the connector 1 and the soldering face 50 of the foil: 5 mm minimum.

As indicated, the invention relates to connectors different shapes: circular, rectangular, etc. It goes without saying, in these conditions, that the exact shape of the foil 5 and its dimensions are also depending on the configuration of the connector considered. This aspect remains at the reach of the skilled person, without the need to develop it further.

On reading the above, it can easily be seen that the invention achieves the goals it has set for itself.

If, at the time of a cost price comparison, a standard connector typically costs 300 F and a special connector of the so-called type "grouding" 2000 F, the additional cost due to the foil alone is around 200 F. It follows that a connector according to the invention, provided with its foil, typically amounts to 500 F, or four times less than a "grounding" connector with characteristics equivalent.

The materials likely to be used to make the foil are common materials. We can find in the trade many standard connector and source configurations multiple supply. A connector according to the invention, made on the basis a standard connector and the metal frame which was called foil, therefore does not present the dangers inherent in a single or almost single source : unsecured sustainability, risk of stock-out, etc.

The additional volume of the connector according to the invention compared to a standard connector is very small: additional thickness of the order of 5 mm on the back, plus the thickness of the material on the front (the folds of the tabs being arranged between the front face of the connector and the rear face of the equipment wall), i.e. 2 mm in the example described.

Finally, the implementation is simple. The realization of such a connector and its assembly does not require specific tools.

It should be clear, however, that the invention is not limited to only examples of achievements explicitly described, in particular in relation to Figures 2A to 2E. It was notably clarified that, although the invention was more particularly described for circular section connectors, this description was in no way limiting the scope thereof.

On the other hand, the numerical values, for example the dimensions geometric, have been specified only to fix ideas. They depend essentially the precise application targeted.

Finally, the materials that can be used to make the reinforcement mass, called "tinsel", are numerous and part of a simple choice within the reach of the skilled person.

Claims (12)

1. Connector of the type comprising a main body of defined shape, fastening means partly attached to the main body and at least one input and/or output with a cable having at least one external screen and leaving via one face, called the rear face, of the connector, the said connector being intended to be mounted in a wall made of electrically conducting material of an item of electrical and/or electronic equipment and secured to this wall by the said fastening means, characterized in that each of the said external screens (31) of the cables (3) is made accessible from the outside in a region (Zd) of defined length at a predetermined distance (d) from the end of the said cable (3) close to the said rear face (100), in that it includes a reinforcement (5) made of electrically conducting material having at least one rear wall (50) provided with as many holes (500) as there are cables (3), so that it can be slipped over the cables, and lateral flanges (51) having end parts (52) bent over inwards and intended to be inserted and gripped between the said fastening means (102) and the said wall (2) made of electrically conducting material, when the connector (1) is secured to this wall (2), and in that the said regions (Zd) of the said screen (31) which are accessible from the outside are electrically coupled to the said rear wall (50) of the reinforcement (5) at the said holes (500), so as to establish electrical continuity between the said wall (2) made of electrically conducting material and the said screen (31) when the connector (1) is secured to this wall (2).
2. Connector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said rear wall (50) of the said reinforcement (5) is substantially plane and of rectangular shape, in that the said lateral flanges are formed by four tabs (51), two per side, having a first part bent over through 90 degrees with respect to the said rear wall of the reinforcement and a second end part (52) bent over through 90 degrees inwards, so that, when the said reinforcement (5) is slipped over each of the said screened cables (3), the said bent-over end parts (52) are placed between the said fastening means (102) and the said wall (2) made of electrically conducting material when the connector (1) is secured thereto.
3. Connector according to Claim 2, characterized in that the said fastening means comprise at least one approximately rectangular plate (102) attached to the said main body (10), in that the said wall (2) made of electrically conducting material has a hole (20) allowing the said main body (10) to be inserted so that the said plate (102) can bear against one of its faces and the said bent-over end parts (52) are gripped between this plate (102) and the wall (2) made of electrically conducting material and in that additional means (1020, 200) are provided for fastening the said plate (102) to this wall (2).
4. Connector according to Claim 3, characterized in that the said complementary fastening means comprise holes (1020, 200) made around the periphery of the said hole (20) in the said wall (2) made of electrically conducting material and in the said plate (102), and members of the screw-nut type which cooperate with these holes (1020, 200) in order to secure the said plate (102) to the said wall (2).
5. Connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, since the said screens (31) of the cables (3) are covered with a protective sheath (30) made of electrically insulating material, each of the said cables (3) has a stripped region (Zd) close to the end common to the said rear face (100) of the connector (1) so as to make the said screen (31) accessible from the outside and to allow the said electrical coupling to the said rear wall (50) of the said reinforcement (5).
6. Connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the said electrical coupling between the said rear wall (50) of the said reinforcement (5) and the said screen (31) is formed by a soldered joint.
7. Connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each of the said screened cables (3) is a coaxial-type cable comprising a central core surrounded by a metal braid (31) forming the said screen.
8. Connector according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the constituent material of the said reinforcement (5) is based on beryllium copper.
9. Method of producing and of mounting a connector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:

   since each of the said screened cables (3) is provided, at one end, with a contact element (4) extending it and since the said screen (31) is covered with a protective sheath (30) made of electrically insulating material, a step of stripping a region (Zd) of defined length at a predetermined distance (d) from the said contact element;

   since the said main body (10) is provided with longitudinal channels (1000) passing right through it, a step of inserting each of the said contact elements (4) into these channels (1000) so that the screened cable (3) which is connected to it emerges via the said rear face (100) of the connector (1);

   a step consisting in slipping the said rear wall (50) of the said reinforcement (5) over each of the said screened cables (3), these cables (3) passing through the said holes (500) in the rear wall (50) and in positioning the said bent-over end parts (52) in front of the said fastening means (102) of the connector (1); and

   the soldering of the said rear wall to the said region stripped of screen of each screened cable (3) so as to establish electrical continuity between the said reinforcement (5) and each of the said screens (31).
10. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the said soldering step consists of soldering with the aid of an induction iron.
11. Method according to either of Claims 9 and 10, characterized in that it comprises a subsequent step consisting in inserting the said main body (10) into a hole (20) in the said wall (2) made of electrically conducting material and in securing the said connector (1) thereto through the use of the said fastening means (102, 200), so as to grip the said bent-over end parts (52) of the said reinforcement (5) between the said fastening means (102) of the said connector (1) and the said wall (2).
12. Method according to any one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it includes a preliminary step of treating the surface of the constituent material of the said reinforcement (5) and in that the said treatment consists of chemical nickel plating and local tinning by dipping, so as to allow the said soldering.

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