EP1173659A1 - Actionneur lineaire electromagnetique a capteur de position - Google Patents
Actionneur lineaire electromagnetique a capteur de positionInfo
- Publication number
- EP1173659A1 EP1173659A1 EP00920842A EP00920842A EP1173659A1 EP 1173659 A1 EP1173659 A1 EP 1173659A1 EP 00920842 A EP00920842 A EP 00920842A EP 00920842 A EP00920842 A EP 00920842A EP 1173659 A1 EP1173659 A1 EP 1173659A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pallet
- rod
- actuator according
- sensor
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
- F01L2009/2132—Biasing means
- F01L2009/2134—Helical springs
- F01L2009/2136—Two opposed springs for intermediate resting position of the armature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
- F01L2009/2167—Sensing means
- F01L2009/2169—Position sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to electromagnetic actuators intended to move in linear translation a pallet carrying a drive rod, along the axis of the rod. It finds a particularly important, although not exclusive, application in actuators making it possible to bring a valve alternately in an open position and a closed position and in particular in those intended for the valves of an internal combustion engine, with ignition. by sparks or by compression.
- French patent application No. 98 12489 (FR-A-2 784 222) describes an electromagnetic actuator, having, in a housing, a ferromagnetic circuit defining an axial clearance interval of a pallet made of ferromagnetic material for driving a rod between two extreme positions of support of the pallet on poles of the ferromagnetic circuit, elastic return means provided to keep the valve at rest in a middle position between the extreme positions, and at least one coil carried by the circuit and allowing the pallet to be brought alternately to the two extreme positions.
- the electromagnetic means can comprise two coils placed on either side of the pallet and whose excitation respectively attracts the pallet in a direction tending to close a valve and a second electromagnet, placed on the other side of the pallet , the excitation of which tends, for example, to bring a valve into the fully open position.
- the embodiment described in patent application No. 98 12489, which may be referred to, on the contrary has a single coil mounted on a ferromagnetic construction circuit such that it has, in combination with the pallet, two stable paths of flux magnetic corresponding both has a zero gap value between the pallet and a pole of the ferromagnetic circuit.
- Satisfactory operation of such an actuator implies an initial adjustment such that the pallet is at rest in a middle position between its extreme positions.
- provision may be made for adjusting the initial compression of one of the springs, such as those described in the French application ⁇ eposee the same] or as the present application for "Adjustable valve control device and method of adjusting such a device. "
- a pallet position sensor making it possible to determine the position of this pallet in the interval or air gap defined by the poles.
- Proper operation also requires that the energy supplied to the coil or coils is sufficient to guarantee a complete stroke of the pallet, but not excessive in order to avoid a terminal shock which would cause noise and wear.
- request 98 12940 doses the energy applied during the final phase of the movement of the pallet by measuring the reluctance of the coils, which implies a ferromagnetic circuit such that there is an almost linear relationship between the reluctance R (x) and the air gap x during the last fractions of the path before gluing the pallet against the poles of the ferromagnetic circuit.
- This approach does not measure the rest position of the pallet.
- the invention aims in particular to provide an actuator of the type defined above provided with means making it possible to determine the rest position of the pallet in a precise manner.
- an actuator whose rod or housing carries a bar with radial magnetization of length at least equal to the movement of the pallet and whose housing or rod carries at least one magnetic flux sensor placed in a zone of exposure to current induced field passing through a reel.
- This sensor can in particular be a Hall sensor.
- a Hall effect sensor has a substantially linear response as a function of the field, which makes it possible to follow the displacement of the magnet by measuring the output signal. Furthermore, the drift of this sensor, thermal or by aging, is slow, which makes it possible to carry out only periodic recalibrations in order to locate the signal corresponding to the median position of the pallet.
- the bar can be fixed to the rod, which facilitates the needs of the sensor. To reduce the sensitivity to alternating accelerations, the layout can be reversed.
- the detector may include two sensors whose sensitive directions are opposite, placed on either side of the rod, and a subtractor receiving the outputs of the two sensors.
- a subtractor receiving the outputs of the two sensors.
- the two sensors when carried by the housing, can be placed side-by-side on the same silicon substrate, ferro-magnetic circuits bringing back the fluxes taken on either side of the rod each has a sensor respective and a subtractor receiving the outputs of the two sensors.
- the invention also provides an actuator adjustment method according to which:
- the pallet is brought into one of its extreme positions by supplying one or the coil and the output signal of the sensor is measured
- the output signal corresponding to the middle position of the pallet is determined from the measurement signals.
- the bar can be on the rod and the sensor on the housing. The arrangement can be reversed, to take into account the fragility of the magnets.
- - Figure 1 shows a valve actuator to which the invention is applicable, in section along a plane passing through the axis of the valve;
- - Figure 2 is a detail view intended to show the constitution of position measuring means according to one embodiment;
- FIG. 3 shows a fraction of a variant of Figure 2
- - Figure 4 is a diagram of an assembly with two sensors.
- the actuator 10 shown in FIG. 1 is of the type described in application FR 98 12940 and is intended to control an engine valve. It comprises a housing intended to be mounted on the cylinder head 12 of an engine, consists of several pieces stacked and assembled by means not shown, such as screws. These parts are made of non-ferromagnetic material, for example a light alloy.
- the housing can be fixed on the cylinder head 12 by means of a shim 20 also made of non-ferromagnetic material.
- the actuator comprises a movable pallet 22 made of ferromagnetic material, advantageously laminated to reduce losses. It is fixed to a rod 24 for driving the valve 25.
- the pallet has a rectangular shape and cannot rotate in the housing.
- the rod 24 can be guided by a Dagger 25 fixed to an annular or cnemmee extension of the housing.
- Two return springs 28a and 28b are provided to keep the valve at rest in a substantially middle position between the closed position and the fully open position of the valve.
- the spring 28a is compressed between a plate 30 fixed to the rod 24 and means (not shown) for adjusting the compression of the spring.
- the other spring 28b is compressed between a plate 31 fixed to the valve stem and the bottom of the valve well housed in the cylinder head.
- the actuator can also be used with a single spring working in traction / compression and complete with an elastic damper ensuring the seal when the valve is closed, as indicated in French patent No. 98 11 670, which allows form the valve stem and stem in one piece.
- the housing contains a circuit made of ferromagnetic material 36, advantageously laminated, delimiting a ferromagnetic circuit with the pallet, and a coil 38 placed in the core.
- the circuit can be in two complementary parts, pressing one against the other or in one piece.
- the constituent sheets of each half of the core are in form of E.
- the upper branches 42 of E engage in the coil 36 which they support by means of a mandrel 44.
- the two other branches of each half define a volume of movement of the pallet.
- the support of the pallet against the bottom 46 of the volume defines the position of full opening of the valve.
- the ceiling 48 of the volume is at a location relative to the valve seat such that the support of the frame does not prevent the valve from closing.
- the assembly constitutes by the pallet, the valve and the spring constitutes an oscillating system having a natural frequency.
- the coil is fed to bring the moving element to an extreme position and then under a lower holding current; then the moving equipment is caused to move in the other direction, until it is pressed, by removing the current, then restoring when the pallet has reached a position such that it is attracted to the other pole.
- the current in the coil can be controlled by means of a regulation loop, by the process described in application 98 12940, at the end of the travel of the pallet.
- the natural dissymmetry of the upper flow circuit compared to the lower flow circuit can be accentuated by giving different inclinations to the upper and lower pole surfaces and to the facing surfaces of the pallet.
- the actuator part of which is shown in FIG. 2, includes a device for adjusting the rest position of the pallet by action on the compression of the spring 28a.
- This device consists of a toothed wheel 50 bearing against the housing and of a threaded ring 52 retained in rotation by a keyway sliding on the housing and receiving the compression force of the spring 28a.
- a sensor for measuring the position of the rod, and therefore of the pallet, relative to the housing comprises a magnet bar 54 fixed to the rod 24 and placed opposite a magnetic flux sensor 56, which will generally be a sensor Hall effect, fixed to the chimney of the housing.
- the bar has an axial length L1 at least equal to the clearance of the pallet and has a radial magnetization, so that the lines of force of the field which it creates when the sensor faces the center of the bar has the shape indicated in figure 2.
- the metal part of the rod can be separated from the bar by a fur 58 made of ferromagnetic material for guiding the lines of force.
- the sensor 56 is framed by two plates 60 of ferro magnetic material ⁇ which axially channeling the flow. The axial length of the plate on either side of the sensor is of the same order as the length L1 of the bar.
- the sensor output wires 62 can be placed in a groove in the chimney. If the shaft is of ferromagnetic material, the bar may be f ⁇ fixed directly on a flat of the rod.
- the azimuth plane in which the detector is placed is chosen so that the direction induced by the coil is weak.
- the symmetry of the magnetic circuit means that this field is practically zero in the plane of FIG. 1.
- the magnet bar 54 is in three successive sections having reverse radial magnetizations when going from one section to the next, which makes it possible to follow more precisely the movement of the pallet of the made of the larger flux generated by the magnet.
- the bar has three zones magnetized differently.
- magnets whose remanent field remains strong (greater than 1 Tesla) even at high temperature (such as those of tYP e sama ⁇ um-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron) makes it possible to further increase the flux in the probe and the useful signal / disturbance ratio from the coils.
- each actuator is likely to disturb the sensor of an adjacent actuator which is in an orientation around the axis of the rod favorable from the point of view of internal disturbances, but unfavorable from the point of view of disturbances caused by an adjacent actuator.
- the effect of such an actuator can be practically eliminated with a differential mounting such as that shown in fig. 4, comprising sensors placed symmetrically with respect to the rod, receiving substantially the same flow from the same actuator or from an adjacent actuator and polarized so as to provide useful signals of opposite polarities.
- the two sensors 56a and 56b have opposite polarities.
- Their output signals are applied to the two inputs of an analog subtractor 66 whose output S provides a double useful signal, while the residual error due to external disturbances no longer contains the common mode error when the two sensors receive the same disturbing field.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9905203A FR2792765B1 (fr) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | Actionneur lineaire electromagnetique a capteur de position |
| FR9905203 | 1999-04-23 | ||
| PCT/FR2000/001022 WO2000065204A1 (fr) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-19 | Actionneur lineaire electromagnetique a capteur de position |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1173659A1 true EP1173659A1 (fr) | 2002-01-23 |
| EP1173659B1 EP1173659B1 (fr) | 2006-05-17 |
Family
ID=9544812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00920842A Expired - Lifetime EP1173659B1 (fr) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-19 | Actionneur lineaire electromagnetique a capteur de position |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6819208B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1173659B1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JP2002543746A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100730392B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60028026T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2263468T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2792765B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000065204A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20115060U1 (de) * | 2001-09-12 | 2002-01-31 | TRW Deutschland GmbH, 30890 Barsinghausen | Nockenwellenloser Aktuator für Betätigung eines Hubventils |
| DE10251664A1 (de) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Vorrichtung zum Messen des Hubweges von Hubventilen |
| FR2847985B1 (fr) * | 2002-12-02 | 2005-04-08 | Capteur de vitesse d'un organe mobile | |
| JP4713584B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-14 | 2011-06-29 | テネコ オートモティブ オペレーティング カンパニー インコーポレイテッド | 一体化された変位センサをもつショックアブソーバ |
| US7683749B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2010-03-23 | Smc Kabushiki Kaisha | Linear electromagnetic actuator |
| US7216054B1 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-05-08 | David S. Nyce | Electromagnetic method and apparatus for the measurement of linear position |
| US20070128011A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-07 | Buckley Robert S Iii | Hydraulic ram assisted unloading of pallets from fork lifting vehicles |
| ITTO20060131A1 (it) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-25 | Fiat Auto Spa | Dispositivo di controllo della movimentazione di una valvola in particolare di una valvola di aspirazione di un motore a combustione interna |
| WO2007134287A1 (fr) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-22 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Dispositif de mesure de déplacements |
| GB2450681A (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-07 | Schlumberger Holdings | Multi-position electromagnetic actuator with spring return |
| DE102007047728A1 (de) | 2007-10-05 | 2008-11-06 | Rudolf Huttary | Verbrennungsmaschine mit variabler synchroner Gaswechselsteuerung |
| GB0822760D0 (en) | 2008-12-13 | 2009-01-21 | Camcon Ltd | Bistable electromagnetic actuator |
| ITRM20100533A1 (it) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-01-10 | Danilo Ciatti | Sistema elettromagnetico di comando delle valvole per motori a combustione |
| FR2971902B1 (fr) * | 2011-02-23 | 2013-11-08 | Moving Magnet Tech | Actionneur electromagnetique a densite de force amelioree et application a un rasoir electrique |
| US9068815B1 (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2015-06-30 | Sturman Industries, Inc. | Position sensors and methods |
| US9995486B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2018-06-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with high/low gas pressure detection |
| US9846440B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2017-12-19 | Honeywell International Inc. | Valve controller configured to estimate fuel comsumption |
| US9557059B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2017-01-31 | Honeywell International Inc | Gas valve with communication link |
| US9851103B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2017-12-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with overpressure diagnostics |
| US8899264B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2014-12-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with electronic proof of closure system |
| US8905063B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2014-12-09 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with fuel rate monitor |
| US9074770B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2015-07-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with electronic valve proving system |
| US9835265B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2017-12-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Valve with actuator diagnostics |
| US8947242B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2015-02-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with valve leakage test |
| US8839815B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2014-09-23 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with electronic cycle counter |
| WO2013191736A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-27 | Launchpoint Technologies, Inc. | Appareil de type soupape électromagnétique à ressort non linéaire |
| US10422531B2 (en) | 2012-09-15 | 2019-09-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and approach for controlling a combustion chamber |
| US9234661B2 (en) | 2012-09-15 | 2016-01-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Burner control system |
| EP2868970B1 (fr) | 2013-10-29 | 2020-04-22 | Honeywell Technologies Sarl | Dispositif de régulation |
| US10024439B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2018-07-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Valve over-travel mechanism |
| US9841122B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2017-12-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with electronic valve proving system |
| US9645584B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2017-05-09 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas valve with electronic health monitoring |
| CN105570354B (zh) * | 2014-10-31 | 2019-04-05 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | 线性制动器 |
| US9478339B2 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-10-25 | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. | Magnetically latching two position actuator and a clutched device having a magnetically latching two position actuator |
| JP6589709B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-24 | 2019-10-16 | 株式会社デンソー | 電磁アクチュエータ |
| US10503181B2 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2019-12-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | Pressure regulator |
| FR3047460B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-08 | 2018-02-16 | Continental Automotive France | Electrovanne de vehicule automobile |
| US10564062B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2020-02-18 | Honeywell International Inc. | Human-machine interface for gas valve |
| US10501201B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2019-12-10 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Aerodynamic control surface movement monitoring system for aircraft |
| US11073281B2 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2021-07-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Closed-loop programming and control of a combustion appliance |
| US10697815B2 (en) | 2018-06-09 | 2020-06-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and methods for mitigating condensation in a sensor module |
| US12188796B2 (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2025-01-07 | Lrt Sensors Llc | Position sensing apparatus having internal target rod with remote electronics for harsh environments |
| WO2020247167A1 (fr) | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-10 | Lrt Sensors Llc | Appareil de détection de position ayant une électronique distante, destiné à des environnements hostiles |
| US12424372B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2025-09-23 | Lrt Sensors Llc | Temperature insensitive inductor |
| DE102021123868B4 (de) | 2021-09-15 | 2025-02-20 | Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh | Elektrisches Schaltelement mit Statusindikator und Bausatz für ein solches |
| CN114360847B (zh) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-08-04 | 安阳凯地磁力科技股份有限公司 | 一种精确控制低温升、大推力电磁铁 |
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| JPH0634872A (ja) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-02-10 | Sony Corp | サンプリング系位置検出装置 |
| US5548263A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1996-08-20 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Electromagnetically actuated valve |
| US5636601A (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1997-06-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Energization control method, and electromagnetic control system in electromagnetic driving device |
| JP3683300B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-27 | 2005-08-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
| JP3592435B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-21 | 2004-11-24 | 日立機電工業株式会社 | 無人搬送車の停止制御装置 |
| JPH10131726A (ja) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-19 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 電磁駆動バルブ駆動回路 |
| JPH10205314A (ja) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-08-04 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | ガス交換弁の電磁弁駆動部を制御する方法 |
| JP3750251B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-10 | 2006-03-01 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | リニアアクチュエータとこれを用いた光学機器 |
| DE19706106A1 (de) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-08-27 | Siemens Ag | Ventileinrichtung eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| JPH10274016A (ja) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-10-13 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 電磁式動弁制御装置 |
| US5769043A (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-06-23 | Siemens Automotive Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting engine valve motion |
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| GB9720911D0 (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 1997-12-03 | Britax Rainsfords Pty Ltd | Hall effect sensor system |
| FR2784222B1 (fr) * | 1998-10-06 | 2000-12-22 | Sagem | Actionneur electromagnetique de soupape |
| DE19913050A1 (de) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-28 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erfassung der Position und/oder Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit eines zwischen zwei Schaltstellungen hin und her bewegbaren Stellelements |
-
1999
- 1999-04-23 FR FR9905203A patent/FR2792765B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-19 KR KR1020017013583A patent/KR100730392B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-19 US US09/959,327 patent/US6819208B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-19 WO PCT/FR2000/001022 patent/WO2000065204A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-19 ES ES00920842T patent/ES2263468T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-19 DE DE60028026T patent/DE60028026T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-19 JP JP2000613926A patent/JP2002543746A/ja active Pending
- 2000-04-19 EP EP00920842A patent/EP1173659B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2010
- 2010-04-05 JP JP2010086988A patent/JP2010193709A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0065204A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2792765A1 (fr) | 2000-10-27 |
| DE60028026T2 (de) | 2006-12-21 |
| JP2010193709A (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
| US6819208B1 (en) | 2004-11-16 |
| FR2792765B1 (fr) | 2001-07-27 |
| EP1173659B1 (fr) | 2006-05-17 |
| ES2263468T3 (es) | 2006-12-16 |
| JP2002543746A (ja) | 2002-12-17 |
| WO2000065204A1 (fr) | 2000-11-02 |
| DE60028026D1 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
| KR100730392B1 (ko) | 2007-06-20 |
| KR20020007388A (ko) | 2002-01-26 |
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