EP1172710A1 - Pulverbildübertragungssystem mit Wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Pulverbildübertragungssystem mit Wärmetauscher Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1172710A1
EP1172710A1 EP01202538A EP01202538A EP1172710A1 EP 1172710 A1 EP1172710 A1 EP 1172710A1 EP 01202538 A EP01202538 A EP 01202538A EP 01202538 A EP01202538 A EP 01202538A EP 1172710 A1 EP1172710 A1 EP 1172710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
belt
image transfer
heat exchanger
transfer system
processing station
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01202538A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1172710B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Antonius Marie Klerken
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Production Printing Netherlands BV
Original Assignee
Oce Technologies BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oce Technologies BV filed Critical Oce Technologies BV
Priority to EP01202538A priority Critical patent/EP1172710B1/de
Publication of EP1172710A1 publication Critical patent/EP1172710A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1172710B1 publication Critical patent/EP1172710B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support
    • G03G15/161—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support with means for handling the intermediate support, e.g. heating, cleaning, coating with a transfer agent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/16—Transferring device, details
    • G03G2215/1647—Cleaning of transfer member
    • G03G2215/1661—Cleaning of transfer member of transfer belt
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/16—Transferring device, details
    • G03G2215/1676—Simultaneous toner image transfer and fixing
    • G03G2215/1695—Simultaneous toner image transfer and fixing at the second or higher order transfer point

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an image transfer system comprising an endless belt serving as an image carrier and passing through a first processing station where it is kept at a low temperature and through a second processing station where it is kept at a higher temperature, and a counter flow heat exchanger formed by two portions of said belt moving in opposite directions and held in sliding contact with each other by a pressing member.
  • An image transfer system is used for example in a copier or printer in which a toner image is developed on or transferred onto an image carrier in the first processing station and is then transferred onto a sheet of copy paper and fused thereon in the second processing station.
  • the belt needs to be heated to an elevated temperature before it is fed to the second processing station.
  • the first transfer step or the developing step in the first processing station generally requires a lower belt temperature.
  • the toner image is developed on a photoconductive drum or is directly formed on the surface of an electrode drum in a direct induction printing process and is then transferred to the belt which serves as an intermediate image carrier.
  • the arrangement in which portions of the belt are configured as a counter flow heat exchanger has the advantage that the losses of heat energy and hence the power consumption of the machine can be reduced significantly because a substantial part of the heat of the belt leaving the second processing station can be recovered and used for pre-heating the belt which is fed to the second processing station.
  • the belt is formed by a relatively thin endless support and is made of a material which has a small heat capacity and a high thermal conductivity. Further, the two portions of the belt forming the heat exchanger should be held in close contact with each other. On the other hand, the force with which these two belt portions are pressed against one another should not be too large in order to limit the amount of friction between the belt surfaces.
  • US-A-5 103 263 discloses an image transfer system of the type indicated above in which the heat exchanger is configured as a straight path defined between two deflecting rollers.
  • One of the belt portions moves tangentially past the two deflecting rollers without being substantially deflected, whereas the other portion is deflected at both rollers so as to be in sliding contact with the first portion only in the straight path between the two deflecting rollers.
  • a plate-like pressing member is used for slightly pressing the second belt portion against the first one over the length of the heat exchanger.
  • this object is achieved by the feature that the pressing member has a curved surface along which said portions of the belt are guided over a substantial part of the length of the counter flow heat exchanger and that the curved surface co-rotates with the belt portion that is in direct contact therewith.
  • the heat exchanger is essentially formed by a curved path on which the two belt portions are superposed on the curved surface of the pressing member.
  • the outer portion of the belt is pressed against the inner one, which is directly supported by the pressing member, with a force that is proportional to the belt tension and increases with increasing curvature of the pressing member.
  • the two belt portions moving in opposite directions are held in close contact with each other due to the pressing force which can be finely adjusted by appropriately selecting the belt tension.
  • the efficiency of the heat exchanger is remarkedly increased in comparison with the configuration as shown in US-A 5 103 263.
  • the curved configuration of the counter current heat exchanger makes it possible to arrange the first and second processing stations in relatively close proximity to one another, in spite of the necessary length of the heat exchanger. As a result, a compact construction of the overall system is achieved.
  • the second processing station operating at higher temperature should be insulated against thermal losses, so that, ideally, the heat is dissipated only through the heat exchanger.
  • the pressing member is a cylindrically shaped member which co-rotates with one of the belt portions forming the heat exchanger.
  • the pressing member may have a comparatively low friction coefficient, so that the frictional resistance is minimised.
  • the drum forming the pressing member should be made of a material which has a small heat conductivity and a small heat capacity, so that the heat of the hot portion of the belt will be dissipated substantially to the cooler belt portion but not to the drum serving as a pressing member.
  • the drum In order to further minimise the thermal contact between the belt and the drum, it is preferable to provide a pattern of grooves on the surface of the drum, so that the drum will be in contact with the belt only in ridge or island portions defined between the grooves.
  • the width of the grooves should be small enough to avoid any distortion of the belt layers which could have a negative effect on the image quality or on the durability of the belt and to assure appropriate thermal contact of the entire belt areas in the heat exchanger.
  • a heater In order to increase the temperature of the belt up to the process temperature needed in the second processing station, a heater will generally be arranged between the heat exchanger and the second processing station. As a result, there exists a temperature difference between the belt portion exiting from the heat exchanger toward the second processing station and the portion re-entering from the second processing station into the heat exchanger. Such a temperature difference is necessary for maintaining the heat transfer from one belt layer to the other within the heat exchanger. If thermal losses are reduced to such an extent that they may be neglected, conservation of energy requires that the same temperature difference is present between the two belt layers over the whole length of the heat exchanger.
  • this heat extraction is preferably promoted by an active cooling system, e.g. an air or a water-cooled drum which preferably deflects the belt by a comparatively large angle, e.g. an angle of about 180°.
  • the cooling drum may be situated upstream of the first processing station and may be arranged to cool the belt to a temperature sufficient low to avoid that the first procession station is warmed up by the belt above the operating temperature of the first processing station.
  • the image transfer system shown in figure 1 comprises an endless belt 10 which passes through a first processing station 12 and a second processing station 14.
  • the first processing station 12 comprises an electrode drum 16 and a pressure roller 18 forming a nip through which the belt 10 passes through.
  • the electrode drum 16 comprises a large number of circumferentially extending electrodes and electronic control circuitry (not shown) accommodated inside of the drum for energising the electrodes in accordance with image information supplied thereto.
  • toner powder is electrically attracted from a magnetic brush (not shown) positioned at the circumference of the drum,
  • a toner image is formed on the circumferential surface of the electrode drum 16.
  • US 4 884 188 the description of which is enclosed herein by reference.
  • the toner image is then transferred onto the outer surface of the endless belt 10 when the latter passes through the nip between the drum 16 and the pressure roller 18.
  • the belt 10 carrying the toner image is guided over a heater 20 which engages the back side of the belt and heats the belt to a temperature at which the toner image becomes tacky.
  • the second processing station 14 comprises a pair of transfer rollers 22, 24.
  • the belt 10 passes through a nip between the rollers 22, 24, and a sheet of copy paper 26 is supplied to the pair of transfer rollers and passed through the same nip together with the belt 10, so that the tacky toner image is transferred onto the copy paper 26 and is at the same time heat-fused thereon.
  • the belt 10 is then guided over a number of guide rollers 28 and a tensioning roller 30 for adjusting the belt tension and is then passed over a cleaning roller 32 where it is deflected at an angle of approximately 90°.
  • a portion 10a of the belt 10 which has left the cleaning roller 32 is almost but not completely parallel to a portion 10b of the belt which moves towards the heater 20.
  • Both portions 10a and 10b of the belt are deflected by a deflecting roller 36 which may be either idling or actively driven, so that its circumferential speed is identical with the speed of the belt portion 10a which is directly in contact with the deflecting roller 36. Due to the tension of the belt 10, the portion 10b is pressed into close sliding contact with the portion 10a supported on the deflecting roller 36 over the entire length of an arc with the angle ⁇ .
  • the two portions 10a, 10b of the belt 10 held in close contact with each other on the arc-shaped path defined by the deflecting roller 36 form a counter current heat exchanger 38.
  • heat is transferred from the portion 10a to the portion 10b, so that the temperature of the latter increases whereas the temperature of the former decreases.
  • a major part of the heat generated by the heater 20 and carried away with the belt 10 is recovered and is used for pre-heating the belt portion 10b before it is heated to the final process temperature by the heater 20.
  • the compressive force which the belt portion 10b exerts on the portion 10a depends among others on the tension of the belt 10 and on the curvature of the deflecting roller 36.
  • the radius of the deflecting roller 36 and the angle ⁇ determine the effective length of the heat exchanger 38. This length might however be increased by relocating the heater 20 such that the belt portions 10a and 10b are held in loose contact with each other on the path between the deflecting roller 36 and the cleaning roller 32.
  • a pattern of circumferentially and or axially extending grooves 40 may be formed in the circumferential surface of the deflecting roller 36.
  • a suitable pattern of grooves is disclosed in GB 1 523 928.
  • the belt portion 10a leaving the deflecting roller 36 is deflected at an angle of approximately 180° by a cooling roller 42 through which a cooling medium, e.g., water or air, flows and which is internally provided with cooling fins 44.
  • a cooling medium e.g., water or air
  • the cooling roller 42 forms a nip with another cleaning roller 46 which is adapted to remove those materials from the belt surface which can most efficiently be removed at a relatively low belt temperature.
  • the belt 10 When the belt 10 has been cooled down by the cooling roller 42 to a temperature below the maximum operating temperature of the first processing station 12, it is returned to the nip between the drum 16 and the pressing roller 18, where another toner image is applied. When passing through this nip, the temperature of the belt 10 may be slightly raised again by waste heat generated by the electronic components in the electrode drum 16.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the temperature distribution along the belt 10.
  • the temperature levels T1 ... T6 indicate the temperature of the belt at the locations P1 ... P6 indicated in figure 1.
  • the belt (the portion 10a) passes again through the heat exchanger 38 so that the belt temperature drops to T5.
  • DT indicates the temperature difference between the belt portions 10a and 10b in the heat exchanger 38. This temperature difference is theoretically constant over the whole length of the heat exchanger.
  • the heating effect ⁇ T of the heat exchanger 38 may be significantly larger than the temperature difference DT between the two belt portions in the heat exchanger.
  • Each of the temperature values ⁇ T and DT corresponds to a certain amount of heat energy which is transferred to or from the belt 10. But only the heat energy corresponding to DT contributes to the power consumption of the copying machine, whereas the larger heat energy which corresponds to ⁇ T is recovered in the heat exchanger 38.
  • the heat exchanger 38 permits to significantly reduce the power consumption of the printer.
  • DT should be made as small as possible.
  • DT must be large enough to maintain a sufficient transfer of heat from the belt portion 10a to the belt portion 10b so as to reduce the temperature of the belt portion 10a from T4 to T5.
  • DT can be made smaller when the length of the heat exchanger 38 is increased.
  • DT can be made smaller when the belt 10 has a small heat capacity and/or a high heat conductivity.
  • Another factor which would tend to increase DT would be a thermal barrier at the surface boundary between the belt portions 10a and 10b in the heat exchanger.
  • the thickness of the belt support should be made as small as the mechanical strength requirements permit.
  • the belt 10 has a total thickness not more than 250 micrometres, and preferably in the order of 100 ⁇ m and is composed of a substrate layer with a thickness of approximately 50 ⁇ m and a surface coating of approximately 50 ⁇ m on the image carrying side. This surface coating is optimised in view of the image transfer properties.
  • a suitable material for the substrate layer is a synthetic resin such as polyimide, for example. Suitable surface coatings for this support are disclosed for example in EP-A 0 349 072.
  • the diagram shown in figure 2 is idealised in that thermal losses due to incomplete thermal insulation, especially in the hot parts of the system, have been neglected. In practice, such thermal losses may among others be caused by heat transfer to the deflecting roller 36.
  • the deflecting roller is made of a synthetic resin which has a small heat capacity and also a small heat conductivity.
  • a suitable material is Polyurethane (PUR), for example.
  • the deflecting drum 36 has an overall diameter of 70 mm, including an outer PUR layer 36a with a thickness of 14,5 mm.
  • a surface coating with a thickness of e.g. 100 ⁇ m is applied to the outer layer.
  • the material of this surface coating preferably consists if an elastomeric material such as silicon rubber.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the pattern of grooves 40 in the PUR layer 36a of the deflecting drum. These grooves reduce the area of contact between the deflecting roller 36 and the belt 10 and thereby further reduce the thermal losses.
  • a pattern of crosswise longitudinal and circumferential or diagonal groves may be used.
  • the temperature diagram shown in figure 2 corresponds to a stable condition in which the printer is operating continuously and the belt 10 is warmed-up.
  • the heater is switched off in order to reduce power consumption, and, as a result, the temperature of the belt will drop below the operating temperature required in the second processing station 14.
  • a certain time is required for warming up the belt to its operating temperature.
  • the heat recovery achieved by the heat exchanger 38 then has the advantageous effect that the warming-up process is accelerated, and this results in a further reduction in the effective power consumption of the machine.
  • a printing apparatus was configured according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • Belt 10 consisted of polyimide containing 5% by weight of carbon black to enhance heat conductivity and having a thickness of 50 micrometres.
  • the outer surface of the belt 10, on its side facing electrode drum 16, was provided with a 50 micrometres thick layer of a silicon rubber having the composition as disclosed in example 2 of EP-A 0 349 072.
  • the length of the belt 10 was 681 mm.
  • Deflecting roller 36 had an outer diameter of 70 mm and consisted of a aluminium pipe having a 14.5 mm thick outer layer of polyurethane in which about 7 mm deep grooves were cut in both axial and rotational direction, such that about 85% of the total surface of the polyurethane layer were removed.
  • the top surface of the remaining heights of polyurethane we covered with an about 100 micrometres thick layer of silicon rubber having the same composition as the silicon rubber layer on the outer surface of belt 10.
  • Rollers 18 and 28 consisted aluminium having a diameter of 14 mm and a 3 mm thick coating of polyurethane.
  • Roller 22 consisted of a massive steel roller with a diameter of 14 mm having a 1 mm thick coating of EPDM (hardness 45° Shore A) and on top thereof a 100 micrometres thick layer of silicon rubber according to example 2 of EP-A-0349072.
  • Roller 24 consisted of a steel roller with a diameter of 30 mm and a 1 mm thick coating of EPDM (hardness 60° Shore A).
  • the length of the heat exchange zone around deflection roller 36 was 51 mm.
  • the belt speed was 12 m/minute (200 mm/sec), which equals a printing speed of 45 pages, size A4 per minute.
  • the heater 20 needed a power supply of 800 W during 1.8 sec. Thereafter, the power supply lowered rapidly to about 450 W after 3 more seconds and 370 W after 90 seconds.
  • the power supply to the heater 20 was only 210 W, while the "efficiency" of the heat exchange area was 380 W.
  • the continuous print production run was about 300 W.
  • the efficiency of the heat exchanger in a continuous print production run was about 270 W.
  • the efficiency of the heat exchanger was such that the apparatus needed at most about 15 seconds to attain a ready to print status from a wait or shut off mode in which no energy is supplied to the heater 20.
  • the ready to print status was attained after less than 5 seconds.
  • the invention provides a relatively high speed printing machine, needing virtually no power when in a wait mode.
  • the apparatus has the same configuration as described above with respect to Fig.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
EP01202538A 2000-07-10 2001-07-02 Pulverbildübertragungssystem mit Wärmetauscher Expired - Lifetime EP1172710B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01202538A EP1172710B1 (de) 2000-07-10 2001-07-02 Pulverbildübertragungssystem mit Wärmetauscher

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00202416 2000-07-10
EP00202416 2000-07-10
EP01202538A EP1172710B1 (de) 2000-07-10 2001-07-02 Pulverbildübertragungssystem mit Wärmetauscher

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1172710A1 true EP1172710A1 (de) 2002-01-16
EP1172710B1 EP1172710B1 (de) 2005-05-25

Family

ID=26072467

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01202538A Expired - Lifetime EP1172710B1 (de) 2000-07-10 2001-07-02 Pulverbildübertragungssystem mit Wärmetauscher

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1172710B1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5103263A (en) * 1989-05-23 1992-04-07 Delphax Systems Powder transport, fusing and imaging apparatus
JPH0627833A (ja) * 1992-07-09 1994-02-04 Mita Ind Co Ltd 転写・定着装置
JPH0895399A (ja) * 1994-09-26 1996-04-12 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 画像形成装置
US5678134A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-10-14 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Cleaning device for an image forming apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5103263A (en) * 1989-05-23 1992-04-07 Delphax Systems Powder transport, fusing and imaging apparatus
JPH0627833A (ja) * 1992-07-09 1994-02-04 Mita Ind Co Ltd 転写・定着装置
JPH0895399A (ja) * 1994-09-26 1996-04-12 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 画像形成装置
US5678134A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-10-14 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Cleaning device for an image forming apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 244 (P - 1734) 10 May 1994 (1994-05-10) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 08 30 August 1996 (1996-08-30) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1172710B1 (de) 2005-05-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0930548B1 (de) Bandfixiervorrichtung
US6456819B1 (en) Image heating apparatus
US9310733B2 (en) Fixing device and image forming apparatus including same
US7526242B2 (en) Transferring apparatus and image forming apparatus
JP3033486B2 (ja) 定着方法及びその装置
CN102012663A (zh) 定影装置及图像形成装置
US20140341600A1 (en) Fuser for equalizing temperature of heat generating section
CN102087499A (zh) 定影装置、图像形成装置以及定影方法
US5557388A (en) Printing or copying machine having a cooling device for the recording substrate
US4147922A (en) Device for fixing a toner image
US6792238B2 (en) Printer and fixing device which maintain a stable temperature for fixing a toner image
JP2001209257A (ja) 画像保持部材用の熱伝達装置及び方法
US7809317B2 (en) Intermediate transfer device and image forming apparatus
JP2002056960A (ja) 加熱装置及び画像形成装置
CN102968034A (zh) 定影器以及图像形成装置
US6577835B2 (en) Powder image transfer system with heat exchanger
CN101488002B (zh) 定影装置和包括该定影装置的图像形成装置
EP1172710B1 (de) Pulverbildübertragungssystem mit Wärmetauscher
JP2001056614A (ja) 融着部材のためのクリーニング装置
JPS6214675A (ja) 熱定着機構
US20080193174A1 (en) Convective hot air impingement device with localized return paths
JP2008076794A (ja) 定着装置
JP4204394B2 (ja) 定着装置および該定着装置を有する画像形成装置
JP3682892B2 (ja) 定着装置の冷却装置
JP3450585B2 (ja) 像加熱装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20020716

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: DE FR GB NL

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20040512

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60110976

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20050630

Kind code of ref document: P

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20060228

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20140721

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20140721

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20140721

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20140721

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60110976

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20150702

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20150801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150702

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160202

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20160331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150801

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150731