EP1171696A1 - Kontrolle der verbrennung bei der regeneration eines partikelfilters - Google Patents

Kontrolle der verbrennung bei der regeneration eines partikelfilters

Info

Publication number
EP1171696A1
EP1171696A1 EP01907862A EP01907862A EP1171696A1 EP 1171696 A1 EP1171696 A1 EP 1171696A1 EP 01907862 A EP01907862 A EP 01907862A EP 01907862 A EP01907862 A EP 01907862A EP 1171696 A1 EP1171696 A1 EP 1171696A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter element
combustion
particles
engine
richness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01907862A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1171696B1 (de
Inventor
Matthias Bouchez
Jean-Baptiste Dementhon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Publication of EP1171696A1 publication Critical patent/EP1171696A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1171696B1 publication Critical patent/EP1171696B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the regeneration of a system for collecting carbon elements such as a particle filter installed on a gas flow system, for example that of a combustion engine. internal, by means of a differential measurement of the richness of the gases at the terminals of the filter element.
  • the filtration means make it possible to collect the particles emitted at the exhaust of an internal combustion engine with significant filtration efficiencies, of the order of 80%.
  • the criterion for triggering the regeneration of the filter element can be the variation of the back pressure or pressure drop measured at the terminals of the filter element which can be correlated to its soot fouling state, as described by example in patent FR 2,755,623 of the applicant.
  • This detection method is very suitable in a stabilized regime.
  • the measurement of the back pressure also makes it possible to detect the combustion of the soot accumulated in the filtering element, because, in a stabilized regime, it drops with the combustion of the carbonaceous deposit.
  • the exhaust back pressure is subject to significant fluctuations when the engine conditions are not stabilized (temperature, air flow, etc.) This is the case for a vehicle engine which, in the usual traffic conditions, very often operates in transient mode (acceleration, deceleration). Controlling the fouling of a filter element using this type of measurement is difficult in practice.
  • the triggering of the regenerating action of the filter element can also be controlled by measuring the variation of the electrical resistance measured between points spaced along the filter element, a variation which is directly linked to its fouling state, as described for example in patent FR 2,760,531 of the applicant.
  • the regeneration of the filter can be facilitated by the use of additives in the fuel based, for example, on organometallic elements or rare earths, which is found in the deposit of soot and catalyzes the oxidation of the soot. which results in a lowering of the initiation temperature of the combustion of the carbonaceous deposit.
  • organometallic elements or rare earths which is found in the deposit of soot and catalyzes the oxidation of the soot. which results in a lowering of the initiation temperature of the combustion of the carbonaceous deposit.
  • organometallic elements or rare earths which is found in the deposit of soot and catalyzes the oxidation of the soot. which results in a lowering of the initiation temperature of the combustion of the carbonaceous deposit.
  • the use of these elements makes it possible to obtain regenerations at temperatures between 200 ° C and 450 ° C depending on the nature of the soot deposit.
  • the present invention allows very effective control of the regeneration phase of filter elements and of the operations necessary for cleaning them.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to control the periodic regeneration of a filter element of the particles transported by a gas flow, by combustion of these. It is characterized in that it comprises the detection of the variation in the oxygen concentration of the gas flow between at least a first point upstream of the filter element receiving the flow, relative to the direction thereof and to the minus a second point downstream of the first, resulting from a reaction triggered by combustion of the particles accumulated in the filter element, from so as to precisely adjust the duration of the warm-up required to initiate combustion and therefore to best limit the energy required.
  • the method allows for example to control the periodic regeneration of a filter element such as an exhaust, intended to retain particles or soot transported by a gas flow escaping from an engine , by combustion of these particles. It is characterized in that it comprises the detection of the variation in the richness of the exhaust gases between at least a first point upstream of the filter element relative to the direction of the flow, and at least a second point in downstream of the first, resulting from a combustion reaction of the particles accumulated in the filter element, triggered by a management device sensitive to the variation in richness detected, so as to precisely adjust the duration of the warm-up required for triggering of combustion.
  • a filter element such as an exhaust
  • the method may include controlling the spontaneous regeneration process of the filter element or triggering an action on the engine operating parameters to obtain a substantial increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases or further triggering of heating means associated with the filter element.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to control the periodic regeneration of a filter element retaining particles transported by a gas flow by combustion of these. It is characterized in that it comprises means for detecting the variation in the oxygen rate of the gas flow between at least a first point upstream of the element filter receiving the flow, relative to the direction thereof and at least a second point downstream of the first (preferably downstream of the filter element), heating means intended to raise the temperature of the filter element enough to burn the particles, and management means connected to the detection means for adjusting the duration of the warm-up necessary for triggering the combustion, by action on the heating means.
  • the device in an application to control the periodic regeneration of a filter element retaining oxidizable particles or soots carried by a gas stream escaping of "an internal combustion engine, by combustion of these particles, the device includes a first richness probe arranged a first point upstream of the filter element relative to the direction of the flow and a second richness probe arranged at a second point downstream of the first (preferably downstream of the filter element), relative to the direction of the flow of gas, heating means intended to raise the temperature of the filtering element sufficiently to burn the particles, and a computer connected to the detection means to adjust the duration the duration of the warm-up necessary for the initiation of combustion, by action on the heating means, as a function of the variation in richness of the exhaust gases between the first and the second probe.
  • the heating means can for example be constituted by the engine, the computer being programmed to modify operating parameters aimed at increasing the temperature of the exhaust gases, or even be associated with the filter element.
  • the fig.l shows schematically a control device applied to monitoring the clogging of a filter element to the output of an engine
  • Fig.2 shows an example of variation over time of the richness difference ⁇ R between the upstream and downstream of the filter element with a gradual rise in the difference up to a threshold S fixed at- beyond which the combustion of soot begins;
  • - Fig.3 shows the compared variations, as a function of time, of the richness R A , upstream of the filter element, of the richness R B downstream and of the back pressure CP at the exhaust.
  • the device is suitable, in the application described, for controlling the periodic regeneration of a filter element 1 interposed on an exhaust circuit 2 of a heat engine 3, by combustion of carbonaceous polluting particles (soot) therein. accumulating, via * a detection of variations in richness between the upstream and the downstream of the filter element row of this combustion.
  • wealth (m_carb / m_air) / (m_carb / m_air) stoech
  • m_carb is the mass of fuel injected into the engine (kg / h)
  • m_air the mass of air drawn in by the engine (kg / h)
  • (m_carb / m_air) stoech corresponds to the ratio between the fuel flow and the air flow at the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction. This ratio depends on the nature of the fuel and is close to 1 / 14.5.
  • the device includes a first richness probe 4 d * a known type, such as is currently in the exhaust systems of engines, which is arranged here upstream of the element filter 1 relative to the direction of the flow of exhaust gas, for example. It also includes at least a second richness probe 5 of the same type disposed downstream of the first probe 4, towards the outlet of the filter element 1 for example.
  • the two richness probes 4, 5 are connected to a calculating element 6, such as a programmed processor adapted to monitor the evolution of the wealth difference between their respective measurements.
  • the soot which accumulates in the filter element 1 consists mainly of carbon elements which react with oxygen to form with it essentially C0 2 and CO. Part of the oxygen entering the filter element is therefore consumed by the carbon present in the deposit.
  • the combustion of the soot in the filter element therefore results downstream in a deficit of oxygen relative to the richness measured upstream relative to the direction of flow of the filter element and this from the first moments of the combustion of the soot.
  • There are certain operating conditions of the engine typically when it is running at high load) which allow reaching, without any modification of the engine parameters, sufficient temperature levels to trigger the regeneration of the filter.
  • the computer is therefore able in this case to detect the spontaneous regeneration processes of the filter element.
  • the computer 6 can initiate the combustion of the soot by controlling by any suitable means a substantial increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases. It may be an action on the operating parameters of the engine itself or, depending on the cases or the applications envisaged, an action on elements external to the engine itself (such as heating elements).
  • the device makes it possible to precisely define the moment when the regeneration procedure can be stopped and therefore to limit the energy consumption required.
  • the device must be calibrated beforehand to determine the periodicity of the soot combustion operations in the filter.
  • the amount of soot that is deposited is either estimated for example on the basis of maps of engine particle emissions or by using a filter fouling sensor of a known type.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
EP01907862A 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Kontrolle der verbrennung bei der regeneration eines partikelfilters Expired - Lifetime EP1171696B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0002216 2000-02-22
FR0002216A FR2805174B1 (fr) 2000-02-22 2000-02-22 Procede et dispositif pour controler la regeneration par combustion, d'un filtre retenant des particules
PCT/FR2001/000505 WO2001063103A1 (fr) 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Controle de la combustion en regenerant un filtre de particules

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1171696A1 true EP1171696A1 (de) 2002-01-16
EP1171696B1 EP1171696B1 (de) 2005-08-17

Family

ID=8847274

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01907862A Expired - Lifetime EP1171696B1 (de) 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Kontrolle der verbrennung bei der regeneration eines partikelfilters

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6655132B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1171696B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4364473B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20020005700A (de)
DE (1) DE60112672T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2805174B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001063103A1 (de)

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FR2849103B1 (fr) 2002-12-23 2005-02-18 Renault Sa Procede et systeme de determination de masse de suie dans un filtre a particules
JP2004293340A (ja) * 2003-03-25 2004-10-21 Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp 排ガス浄化装置
JP2005240719A (ja) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-08 Nissan Motor Co Ltd フィルタの再生時期検出装置およびフィルタの再生制御装置
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CN108061629B (zh) * 2017-12-04 2020-01-31 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种发动机排气管路漏气检测装置及方法
CN110732199B (zh) * 2019-10-25 2020-12-04 昆明理工大学 一种汽车维修厂内的汽车尾气处理装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001063103A1 (fr) 2001-08-30
DE60112672D1 (de) 2005-09-22
FR2805174B1 (fr) 2002-05-03
JP2003524106A (ja) 2003-08-12
JP4364473B2 (ja) 2009-11-18
US20020157383A1 (en) 2002-10-31
DE60112672T2 (de) 2006-06-08
KR20020005700A (ko) 2002-01-17
FR2805174A1 (fr) 2001-08-24
EP1171696B1 (de) 2005-08-17
US6655132B2 (en) 2003-12-02

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