EP1170823B1 - Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre - Google Patents

Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1170823B1
EP1170823B1 EP01401597A EP01401597A EP1170823B1 EP 1170823 B1 EP1170823 B1 EP 1170823B1 EP 01401597 A EP01401597 A EP 01401597A EP 01401597 A EP01401597 A EP 01401597A EP 1170823 B1 EP1170823 B1 EP 1170823B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
butler
matrix
matrices
antenna according
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01401597A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1170823A1 (fr
Inventor
Gérard Caille
Yann Cailloce
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP1170823A1 publication Critical patent/EP1170823A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1170823B1 publication Critical patent/EP1170823B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a telecommunication antenna installed in a geostationary satellite and intended to relay communications over an extended territory.
  • a geostationary satellite comprising a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, each of which has a reflector associated with a multiplicity of elements. radiating or sources.
  • the territory to be covered is divided into zones and these resources are allocated to the various zones in such a way that, when an area is assigned a resource, to adjacent areas we allocate different resources.
  • Each zone for example, with a diameter of the order of several hundred kilometers, is of such extent that it must be covered by several radiating elements in order to ensure a high gain and a sufficient homogeneity of the radiation of the antenna in the area.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a territory 10 covered by an antenna on board a geostationary satellite and n areas 12 1 , 12 2 , ..., 12 n .
  • four frequency sub-bands f1, f2, f3, f4 are used.
  • the area 12 i is divided into several sub-areas 14 1 , 14 2 , and so on. each of which corresponds to a radiating element of the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 shows that at certain radiating elements, for example reference element 14 3 in the center of zone 12 i , corresponds to only one sub-band of frequencies f 4, whereas others, such as those lying at the periphery of the zone 12 i are associated with several sub-bands, those which are assigned to the adjacent zones.
  • FIG. 2 represents a reception antenna of a known type for such a telecommunication system.
  • This antenna comprises a reflector 20 and a plurality of radiating elements 22 1 , ..., 22 N being close to the focal plane of the reflector.
  • the signal received by each radiating element for example that of the element 22 N , first passes through a filter 24 N intended in particular to eliminate the (powerful) transmission frequency and then a low noise amplifier 26 N.
  • the signal is, thanks to a divider 30 N , divided into several parts, possibly with coefficients that may differ from one part to another; the purpose of this division is to allow a radiating element to participate in the formation of several beams. It is thus seen that an output 32 1 of the divider 30 N is assigned to a zone 34 p , while another output 32i of the divider 30 N is assigned to another zone 34 q .
  • the dividers 30 1, ..., 30 N and the p adders 34, ..., 34 q for reconstituting zones are part of a device 40 called beam forming network or brushes.
  • each output of each divider 30 i there is provided for each output of each divider 30 i , an assembly comprising a phase-shifter 42 and an attenuator 44.
  • the phase-shifters 42 and attenuators 44 make it possible to modify the radiation pattern either for correct it, if the satellite has undergone an unwanted displacement, or to confer a different distribution to the terrestrial areas.
  • each low-noise amplifier 26 N is associated with another low-noise amplifier 26 ' N , which is identical and whose purpose is to replace the amplifier 26 N in case of failure of the latter.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce in a significant proportion the number of low noise amplifiers and the number of phase shifters and attenuators.
  • the antenna of document FR-A-2,750,258 relates to a beam shaping system intended to generate a single reconfigurable beam for the optimization of a single beam.
  • US-A-4,901,085 discloses a multi-beam receiving antenna.
  • the state of the art does not solve the problem of the generalized and flexible reconfiguration of the beams, with a pointing correction and a displacement of the ground areas of greater simplicity.
  • a receiving antenna according to the invention is defined by independent claim 1.
  • the signal on each output is a combination of the signals on all the inputs, but the signals from the various inputs have a specific phase, distinct from one input to another, which allows, after passing through the inverse Butler type matrix, to completely reconstitute the input signals, after amplification and phase shift, and attenuation if necessary.
  • the number of outputs of the first Butler matrix is preferably equal to its number of inputs.
  • the number of low noise amplifiers is equal to number of radiating elements whereas in the previous embodiment, such as that shown in Figure 2, the number of low noise amplifiers is twice the number of radiating elements.
  • the number of phase shifters is also equal to the number of radiating elements whereas with the prior art this number of phase shifters and attenuators is substantially greater since the output signal of a radiating element is divided and the phase shift and the attenuation 42, 44 are assigned to each channel of the beam forming network.
  • the control to be applied to the phase shifters in series with the low noise amplifiers is particularly simple.
  • the low noise amplifier associated with each output of the first Butler type matrix comprises a plurality, for example a pair, amplifiers in parallel through, for example, couplers. Under these conditions, the effect of the failure of only one of the two amplifiers of a pair leads to a degradation at least half as great as with a single amplifier associated with each output.
  • the degradation is -0.56 dB, and with Butler matrices of order 16 - also with a pair of amplifiers associated with each output of the first Butler-type matrix - the degradation is -0.28 dB.
  • a plurality of associated two-dimensional arrays are used, for example in different planes, so that each signal received by a radiating element is distributed over nxn low amplifiers.
  • noise n being the order of each two-dimensional matrix.
  • n 8
  • each signal received by a radiating element is distributed over 64 low-noise amplifiers.
  • an amplifier failure only causes a loss of -0.14 dB if only one amplifier is associated with each output.
  • the invention also applies to a transmitting antenna with a similar structure.
  • This transmitting antenna according to the invention is defined by the independent claim 14.
  • the inputs of the first Butler-type matrix receive the signals to be transmitted, whereas they are the outputs of the second Butler-type matrix. are connected to the radiating elements.
  • power amplifiers instead of low noise amplifiers, it is expected, for such transmit antennas, power amplifiers.
  • one of the Butler matrices and the beam forming network constitute a single device.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce the number of phase shifters, and possibly attenuators, and also simplifies the control of the latter.
  • the invention reduces (compared with known receiving antennas) the number of low noise amplifiers.
  • Each pair of Butler matrices corresponds, preferably, to several zones. It is even possible to provide a single Butler matrix for all zones. However, for the sake of simplicity of embodiment, it is preferable to provide several Butler matrices. In this case, some of the radiating elements can be assigned to two different Butler matrices. In this case, a failure of a amplifier associated with a Butler matrix of a pair of such matrices leads to signal degradation for all the beams associated with the corresponding Butler matrix. On the other hand, if there is no amplifier failure for the Butler matrix of the same pair, then there will be an attenuation for the subareas corresponding to the first matrix of the pair whereas there will have no attenuation for the sub-areas of the second matrix of the pair.
  • the invention provides, in one embodiment, for controlling the attenuators associated with a Butler matrix adjacent to a matrix for which at least one amplifier has failed in order to homogenize the transmission powers. or reception.
  • the invention relates to a receiving antenna (or emission) for geostationary satellite of a telecommunication system intended to cover a territory divided into zones, according to independent claims 1 and 14.
  • an attenuator is in series with each amplifier and each phase shifter so as to equalize the gains of the amplifiers.
  • the antenna comprises at least two butler type matrices with inputs (or outputs) connected to the radiating elements, at least one of the radiating elements being connected to both an input of the first matrix and an input of the second Butler type matrix.
  • the radiating element associated with two Butler-type matrices is connected to the inputs (or outputs) of these two matrices via a coupler 3dB and that a similar coupler is provided at the outputs (or at the inputs) corresponding inverse Butler type matrices.
  • each amplifier and phase shifter it is also possible, in series with each amplifier and phase shifter, to provide an attenuator which, in the event of a breakdown of an amplifier associated with a matrix, attenuates the output signals of the other Butler-type matrix, in order to homogenize the signals of outputs of these two matrices.
  • amplifiers in parallel for example associated by 90 ° couplers, are provided.
  • phase shifters are controlled to change the slope of the phase front of the output signals of the first Butler type matrix.
  • the inverse Butler matrix and the beam forming network advantageously form a single set.
  • each amplifier When providing an attenuator in series with each amplifier, it preferably has a dynamic lower than 3dB.
  • Butler's matrices are, for example, of order eight or sixteen.
  • the antenna comprises a first series of first Butler matrices arranged in parallel planes and a second series of first Butler matrices also arranged in planes parallel to a direction different from that of the first series, for example orthogonal , so as to allow the displacement of the zones, or corrections of pointing defect in two different directions and, thus, in all directions of the area covered by the antenna.
  • the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 3 comprises, like the antenna shown in FIG. 2, a reflector (not shown in FIG. 3) and a plurality of elements. radiators 22 1 , .., 22 N disposed in the vicinity of the focal zone of the receiver.
  • the receiving antenna comprises several Butler matrices 50 1 , ..., 50 j , ..., 50 p . These matrices are all identical, with a number of entries equal to the number of outputs.
  • the Butler matrix 50 j has eight inputs 52 1 to 52 8 and the input 52 1 receives the signal from the radiating element 22 k + 1 while the input 52 8 receives the signal from the radiating element 22 k +8 .
  • the radiating elements 22 k + 1 to 22 k + 8 are, in one embodiment, all assigned to the same zone, that is to say to the same beam. However, as noted above, some of these radiating elements also contribute to the formation of other beams for adjacent areas.
  • Each output of the Butler matrix 50 j is connected to a corresponding input of an inverse Butler matrix 54 i via a filter and a low noise amplifier.
  • FIG. 3 shows only the low-noise amplifiers and the filters which correspond, on the one hand, to the first output 56 k + 1 of the matrix 50 j and, on the other hand, to the last output 56 k + 8 of this matrix 50 j .
  • the output 56 k + 1 of the matrix 50 j is connected to the input 58 k + 1 of the matrix 54 j via a 60 k + 1 filter and a low noise amplifier 62 k + 1 arranged in series.
  • the purpose of the 60 k + 1 filter is to eliminate the transmission signals.
  • This filter can be part of the matrix 50 j , especially if it is performed in waveguide technology.
  • the Butler matrix 54 j has a transfer function inverse to that of the matrix 50 j . It has a number of inputs equal to the number of outputs of the matrix 50 j and a number of outputs equal to the number of entries of the matrix 50 j .
  • the outputs of the various inverse Butler matrices 54 j are connected to the beam outputs 64 1 ,..., 64 S via a beam forming network 66.
  • a Butler matrix which is, as we shall see later, formed from 3dB couplers, is such that a signal applied to an input is distributed over all the outputs with phases shifted from an output to another of 2 ⁇ / M, where M is the number of outputs.
  • the matrix 54 j having an inverse function of the matrix 50 j , a signal of a given input of the matrix 50 j is found, with filtering and amplification, on the corresponding output of the matrix 54 j .
  • Each output 56 of the matrix 50 j delivers a signal representing all the input signals of the same matrix. Under these conditions, a failure of one or more of the low-noise amplifiers 62 will not cause a homogeneity of the reconstructed beam for the corresponding area, but a uniform decrease in power over the entire area or zones corresponding to the radiating elements 22 k + 1 to 22 k + 8 .
  • the signal on all the outputs of the matrix 54 j is reduced by a factor 20log (1-1 / M) in dB, M being the order of the matrix of Butler concerned, that is to say eight in the example.
  • M being the order of the matrix of Butler concerned, that is to say eight in the example.
  • the degradation of the parameter G / T of the antenna has a value half, that is to say 10log (1-1 / M), because the loss in the charges of the matrix 54 j is negligible.
  • the preponderant noise is that collected at the output of the low noise amplifiers and as a broken amplifier no longer contributes to the noise, the total noise power is reduced by a factor 1-1 / M.
  • the inverse matrices 54 j and the beam forming network 66 constitute a single multilayer circuit.
  • This embodiment is made possible because the inverse matrices and the network 66 are preferably constituted using planar multilayer circuits using the same technology and can thus be arranged in the same housing.
  • the losses caused by the circuits located downstream of the low-noise amplifiers being less critical than upstream, it is possible to use circuits of the microband or triplate type rather than waveguide circuits because these microband or triplate circuits are more compact, but cause losses slightly greater than the waveguide circuits, which is not a problem, as indicated above.
  • FIG. 4 represents a preferred embodiment of the invention in which the use of Butler matrices is used to simplify the control of the correction or the modification of the beams.
  • the correct direction of the radiation 70 with respect to the antenna is shown in phantom, and in broken lines 72, the direction of the radiation which is incorrectly seen by the antenna, for example due to 'instability of the satellite.
  • the energy of the radiation 70 corresponds to the diagram 74 represented in solid lines
  • the energy of the radiation 72 corresponds to the diagram 76 represented in broken lines. It can thus be seen that an incorrect orientation of the antenna corresponds to a shift of the radiation in the focal plane, and the radiating element intended to capture the most energy coming from a given direction only receives the latter with a high attenuation. Thus, the offset causes a significant loss of gain and an alteration of the insulation.
  • the prior solution consists in assigning to each radiating element, a phase-shifter 42 and an attenuator 44, and to control the phase shifters 42 individually.
  • attenuators have a strong dynamic because they must be able to "turn off” or "turn on” certain sources. This constraint results in the need for the low noise amplifiers to have a large gain.
  • the number of radiating elements, or sources, assigned to a zone is greater than the number of sub-zones. For example, if seven radiating elements provide the nominal pattern, to allow repointing, at least one ring around the septet formed by these radiating elements is required. It will therefore be necessary to provide 19 sources (instead of 7) for each access to an area. In the case where the zones form a square mesh and if there are four active sources per zone, the access number for one zone will be 16.
  • the invention allows a pointing correction or a displacement of the ground areas of greater simplicity that the solution shown in Figure 2. It takes advantage of the presence of Butler matrices 50 j .
  • the phase front 80 k + 1 is simply inclined with respect to the phase front 82 k + 1 desired.
  • the signal of each beam is distributed on all the outputs of the corresponding matrix 50 j with a given phase slope; the slopes corresponding to each entry are separated by a fixed value, constant for a matrix of given order.
  • to perform the repointing that is to say the desired correction, just rectify the slope by providing a phase shifter associated with each output of the matrix 50j.
  • the lines 80 k + 1 and 82 k + 1 represent the phase distribution on the outputs 56 k + 1 at 56 k + 8 for the signals coming from the radiating element 22 k + 1 .
  • the lines 80 k + 3 and 82 k + 3 correspond to the distributions of the phases on the outputs for the signal coming from the radiating element 22 k + 3 while the lines 80 k + 7 and 82 k + 7 correspond to the phases on all the outputs for the signals provided by the radiating element 22 k + 7 .
  • the distance between the output 56 k + 1 and the intersection P k + 1 of the line 82 k + 1 with the line D k + 1 linked to the output 56 k + 1 represents, by convention, the phase for this signal output from the radiating element 22 k + 1 .
  • the intersections of this line 82 k + 1 with the corresponding straight lines D k + 2 , etc. will provide the signal phases on the other outputs always for the signal corresponding to the radiating element 22 k + 1 .
  • the correction that is performed by the Butler matrix 50 j is performed in only one plane, that of the figure. To perform a real correction, it is necessary to provide Butler matrices in another plane, for example perpendicular, as shown in Figure 6 which will be described later.
  • phase-shifter 84 is provided downstream of the low noise amplifier 52.
  • the phase shifter 84 k + 1 in FIG. 4 is connected to the output of the amplifier 62 k + 1 by via an attenuator 86 k + 1 and the output of the phase shifter 84 k + 1 is connected to the corresponding input of the inverse matrix 54 j .
  • controllable attenuators 86 allow equalization of the gain of the amplifiers 62. They also allow compensation in the event of failure of one (or more) low-noise amplifier (s) connected to a coupled matrix. to the matrix 50j, as will be seen later.
  • high-pass filters are provided in Butler matrices 50 j to prevent transmission frequencies from disturbing the reception frequencies.
  • These are, for example, waveguides whose cutoff frequency is between the reception band and the transmission band.
  • the low-noise amplifiers 62 are associated in pairs thanks to 90 ° couplers. More specifically, the amplifier 62 k + 1 is associated with the amplifier 62 k + 2 , such that a 90 ° coupler 88 connects the inputs of the amplifiers and a coupler 90 interconnects the outputs of these amplifiers.
  • a loss of 0.28 dB is obtained with a Butler matrix of order 8, which corresponds, in the absence of the arrangement shown in FIG. the loss when the Butler matrices are of order 16.
  • the number of amplifiers associated with each output is a power of 2 in order to facilitate division and then recombination.
  • FIG. 6 shows a matrix of order 64 made with a first layer of 8 Butler matrices 90 1 to 90 8 and a second layer of Butler matrices 92 1 to 92 8 arranged perpendicularly to the matrices 90.
  • Such a two-dimensional matrix is of complex construction; it can also have losses detrimental to the noise temperature of the antenna. But, it allows simultaneous repointing in two orthogonal planes and it reduces the impact of a failure by coupling between them a higher number of low noise amplifiers.
  • the matrices 90 and 92 are in two perpendicular planes. It suffices that they are in two planes of different directions, sufficiently apart. In one example, the directions are separated by 60 ° to facilitate the connection to a network whose centers of the adjacent sources form equilateral triangles.
  • the Butler matrices of order 8 and order 16 are made from Butler matrices of order 4.
  • a butler matrix of order 4 is shown in FIG. 7. It comprises six couplers 3dB with two input couplers 94, 96, two output couplers 100, 104 and two intermediate couplers 98 and 100.
  • intermediate couplers 98 and 100 instead of intermediate couplers 98 and 100, provides for crosses; however, these crossings are difficult to achieve in waveguide technology.
  • a coupler 3dB for example the input coupler 104, has two inputs 104 1 and 104 2 and two outputs 104 3 and 104 4 and is such that a signal applied to an output, for example that of reference 104 1 , sees its power distributed on the two outputs 104 3 , 104 4 with a phase shift of ⁇ / 2 between the two output signals.
  • the signal S at the input 104 1 becomes the signal two ⁇ at exit 104 3 and the signal - j two on exit 104 4 .
  • At a signal S 'applied to the input 104 2 corresponds a signal two ⁇ on exit 104 4 and - j two on exit 104 3 .
  • the signal on the input 104 1 is found on the four outputs of the Butler matrix of order 4, namely the outputs 94 3 , 94 4 and 96 3 , 96 4 of the couplers respectively 94 and 96.
  • the signal j S two On the output 94 3 we get the signal j S two , on exit 94 4 , the signal - S two , on the output 96 3 the signal - j S two e - j ⁇ , and on the output 96 4 the signal S two e - j ⁇ .
  • the phase ⁇ constant, is introduced by a phase-shifter 105 between the couplers 98 and 100. This phase-shifter is adjusted to compensate for the differences between guide lengths in the central and end channels; thus, the matrix provides a smooth slope to the signal phases on the outputs.
  • the Butler matrices 50 are, in the example, made in technology "compact waveguide distributor". In this case, it is possible to integrate filtering in these matrices so that the low-noise amplifiers are not delineared by out-of-band parasitic signals. This is in particular the filtering for rejecting the transmission frequencies which, because of the very large transmission power, are necessarily reinjected into the receiving antennas arranged nearby.
  • each Butler matrix 50j it is preferable to make each Butler matrix 50j so that it corresponds to one or more zones and that the other matrices do not intervene for the zone (s) associated with the Butler matrix. 50j. But it is not always possible to satisfy this condition because each source contributes in general to the formation of several adjacent zones. Under these conditions, a source 22q (FIG. 9) which must be associated with two adjacent matrices 50 1 , 50 2 is connected to the inputs 140 1 and 140 2 respectively of the matrices 50 1 and 50 2 via a 3 dB coupler 142. An identical coupler 144 makes it possible to recombine the corresponding outputs of the inverse matrices 50 ' 1 and 50' 2 .
  • the couplers 142, 144 also make it possible to limit the degradation of the signal coming from a source shared between two matrices, in the event of failure of a low-noise amplifier associated with either the matrices 50 1 , 50 ' 1 or the matrices 50 2 , 50 ' 2 . Indeed, the signal picked up by such a source is distributed in equal parts on two matrices. Thus, only the part affected by a failure intervenes.
  • couplers 142, 144 can reduce (by half) the imbalance caused by a failure in a matrix, the imbalance that remains in case of failure is in general not acceptable. This is why instead of the couplers 142, 144, or in addition to the latter, in case of failure of a low noise amplifier associated with one of the matrices, for example that of reference 50 1 , the output signals of the other matrix 50 2 of an amount for balancing the signals of the outputs of the matrices 50 1 and 50 2 .
  • This attenuation command is carried out using the attenuators 86 shown in FIG. 4. This attenuation must be 20log (1-1 / M) for inputs or outputs that do not use a 3dB coupler and 10log (1 -1 / M) for the outputs connected to 3dB couplers 144.
  • the attenuation is performed automatically after detecting a failure.
  • the failure detection on each low-noise amplifier is, for example, carried out by controlling its supply current or by means of a diode detector disposed downstream of each low-noise amplifier.
  • the attenuators 86 have, in the example, a low dynamic, less than 3dB. Indeed, their dynamics is mainly determined by their function of equalizing the gains of the various amplifiers at low noise at the installation of the antenna. For this equalization, the dynamics is at most 2.5 dB. In addition, the compensation to be made to rebalance the outputs of a matrix when the adjacent matrix has an amplifier inoperative, is 0.28 dB.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP01401597A 2000-07-06 2001-06-18 Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre Expired - Lifetime EP1170823B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0008794 2000-07-06
FR0008794A FR2811480B1 (fr) 2000-07-06 2000-07-06 Antenne de telecommunication destinee a couvrir une large zone terrestre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1170823A1 EP1170823A1 (fr) 2002-01-09
EP1170823B1 true EP1170823B1 (fr) 2006-09-06

Family

ID=8852173

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01401597A Expired - Lifetime EP1170823B1 (fr) 2000-07-06 2001-06-18 Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6650281B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1170823B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5007005B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE339023T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2351119A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE60122832T2 (ja)
FR (1) FR2811480B1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2826511B1 (fr) 2001-06-21 2003-12-19 Cit Alcatel Procede de repointage pour antenne reseau a reflecteur
KR100457180B1 (ko) * 2002-08-31 2004-11-16 한국전자통신연구원 능동 위상 배열 안테나 시스템의 신호 결합 장치
FR2860648B1 (fr) * 2003-10-03 2006-02-24 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Antenne de satellite de communication multi-faisceaux presentant une compensation de defaillance
US7710340B2 (en) * 2006-01-13 2010-05-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Reconfigurable payload using non-focused reflector antenna for HIEO and GEO satellites
US8354956B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2013-01-15 Lockheed Martin Corporation Space segment payload architecture for mobile satellite services (MSS) systems
JP4795096B2 (ja) * 2006-04-25 2011-10-19 村角工業株式会社 医療検査用カセット
FR2964800B1 (fr) * 2010-09-10 2012-08-31 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Antenne de telecommunication multifaisceaux embarquee sur un satellite a grande capacite et systeme de telecommunication associe
JP2012222725A (ja) * 2011-04-13 2012-11-12 Toshiba Corp アクティブアレイアンテナ装置
US9413078B2 (en) 2013-06-16 2016-08-09 Siklu Communication ltd. Millimeter-wave system with beam direction by switching sources
US9806428B2 (en) 2013-06-16 2017-10-31 Siklu Communication ltd. Systems and methods for forming, directing, and narrowing communication beams
US20160036403A1 (en) * 2014-07-23 2016-02-04 Wilson Electronics, Llc Multiple-port signal boosters
FR3053166B1 (fr) * 2016-06-28 2018-06-22 Centre National D'etudes Spatiales (Cnes) Source multi-faisceaux pour antenne multi-faisceaux
EP3607671A1 (en) 2017-04-06 2020-02-12 Wilson Electronics, LLC Techniques for configuring the power or gain of a repeater
CN109066102A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-21 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 波束形成网络、子天线阵列和用于铁路系统的双波束天线
FR3098024B1 (fr) * 2019-06-27 2022-06-03 Thales Sa Formateur analogique multifaisceaux bidimensionnel de complexité réduite pour antennes réseaux actives reconfigurables

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917998A (en) * 1973-11-02 1975-11-04 Communications Satellite Corp Butler matrix transponder
US4356461A (en) * 1981-01-14 1982-10-26 The Bendix Corporation Practical implementation of large Butler matrices
US4907004A (en) * 1988-05-23 1990-03-06 Spar Aerospace Limited Power versatile satellite transmitter
GB8819502D0 (en) * 1988-08-17 1988-09-21 British Aerospace Pwe amplifying arrangement
US4901085A (en) * 1988-09-23 1990-02-13 Spar Aerospace Limited Divided LLBFN/HMPA transmitted architecture
FR2638573B1 (fr) * 1988-11-03 1991-06-14 Alcatel Espace Antenne a balayage electronique
US5132694A (en) * 1989-06-29 1992-07-21 Ball Corporation Multiple-beam array antenna
FR2651927B1 (fr) * 1989-09-13 1991-12-13 Alcatel Espace Antenne multifaisceaux orientable par commutation bas niveau.
FR2652452B1 (fr) * 1989-09-26 1992-03-20 Europ Agence Spatiale Dispositif d'alimentation d'une antenne a faisceaux multiples.
GB2288913B (en) * 1994-04-18 1999-02-24 Int Maritime Satellite Organiz Satellite payload apparatus with beamformer
JPH0884022A (ja) * 1994-09-12 1996-03-26 Uchu Tsushin Kiso Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk マルチビーム送信系
JPH09284046A (ja) * 1996-04-11 1997-10-31 Jisedai Eisei Tsushin Hoso Syst Kenkyusho:Kk マルチビーム給電装置
FR2750258B1 (fr) * 1996-06-24 1998-08-21 Europ Agence Spatiale Systeme de conformation de faisceau zonal reconfigurable pour une antenne embarquee sur un satellite en orbite et procede d'optimisation de la reconfiguration
US5689272A (en) * 1996-07-29 1997-11-18 Motorola, Inc. Method and system for producing antenna element signals for varying an antenna array pattern
SE509278C2 (sv) * 1997-05-07 1999-01-11 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Radioantennanordning och förfarande för samtidig alstring av bred lob och smal peklob
US5955920A (en) * 1997-07-29 1999-09-21 Metawave Communications Corporation Signal feed matrix LPA reduction system and method
US5936592A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-08-10 Ramanujam; Parthasarathy Reconfigurable multiple beam satellite reflector antenna with an array feed
US5936588A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-08-10 Rao; Sudhakar K. Reconfigurable multiple beam satellite phased array antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60122832D1 (de) 2006-10-19
EP1170823A1 (fr) 2002-01-09
JP5007005B2 (ja) 2012-08-22
ATE339023T1 (de) 2006-09-15
US20020005800A1 (en) 2002-01-17
CA2351119A1 (fr) 2002-01-06
FR2811480A1 (fr) 2002-01-11
DE60122832T2 (de) 2007-04-12
FR2811480B1 (fr) 2006-09-08
JP2002111361A (ja) 2002-04-12
US6650281B2 (en) 2003-11-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1170823B1 (fr) Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre
EP0420739B1 (fr) Dispositif d'alimentation d'une antenne à faisceaux multiples
WO2011095384A1 (fr) Antenne plane à balayage pour application mobile terrestre, véhicule comportant une telle antenne et système de télécommunication par satellite comportant un tel véhicule
CA2821250C (fr) Antenne d'emission et de reception multifaisceaux a plusieurs sources par faisceau, systeme d'antennes et systeme de telecommunication par satellite comportant une telle antenne
EP2723002B1 (fr) Système de télécommunication par satellite permettant d'assurer un trafic en étoile et un trafic maillé
EP3154192B1 (fr) Architecture d'un dispositif d'amplification repartie large bande
EP0734093B1 (fr) Dispositif d'alimentation d'une antenne multisources et multifaisceaux
CA2290676A1 (fr) Antenne pour systeme de telecommunication et procede d'emission ou reception a l'aide d'une telle antenne
EP2050207B1 (fr) Dispositif d'amplification large bande
EP0992128B1 (fr) Systeme de telecommunication
FR2993715A1 (fr) Source radiofrequence compacte, antenne et systeme d'antennes multifaisceaux comportant de telles sources compactes et systeme de telecommunication par satellite comportant au moins une telle antenne
FR2714778A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de transmission entre le sol et véhicule spatial géostationnaire.
FR2751494A1 (fr) Systeme de satellite de telecommunications geosynchrone dont l'aire de desserte peut etre reconfiguree
FR2829297A1 (fr) Reseau formateur de faisceaux, vehicule spatial, systeme associe et methode de formation de faisceaux
FR2783378A1 (fr) Systeme de communications par satellite ameliore utilisant un partage de la puissance hf pour des sources primaires ou des faisceaux multiples dans des liaisons
EP1142063B1 (fr) Dispositif de telecommunication a reseaux a balayage electronique conforme et terminal de telecommunication associe
EP1104124B1 (fr) Système de routage de télécommunication par satellite
EP2333951B1 (fr) Dispositif d'amplification de puissance de charge utile d'un satellite multifaisceaux de diffusion de données
FR2932340A1 (fr) Dispositif d'amplification de puissance de charge utile d'un satellite, et satellite equipe d'un tel dispositif

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20020709

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20021018

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20060906

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060906

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060906

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060906

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060906

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60122832

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20061019

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061206

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061206

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070219

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: ALCATEL LUCENT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20070607

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ALCATEL

Effective date: 20070630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070630

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20061207

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070630

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060906

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070618

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060906

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CA

Effective date: 20150521

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CA

Effective date: 20150521

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20200526

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20200602

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20200609

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 60122832

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20210617

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20210617