EP1169552B1 - Electromagnetic device for valve control - Google Patents

Electromagnetic device for valve control Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1169552B1
EP1169552B1 EP00917161A EP00917161A EP1169552B1 EP 1169552 B1 EP1169552 B1 EP 1169552B1 EP 00917161 A EP00917161 A EP 00917161A EP 00917161 A EP00917161 A EP 00917161A EP 1169552 B1 EP1169552 B1 EP 1169552B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuators
valves
ferromagnetic
armature
actuator
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP00917161A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1169552A1 (en
Inventor
Calogero Fiaccabrino
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Valeo Electrification SAS
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Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to axially linear displacement control devices comprising actuators in number equal to that of the valves, each actuator having a pallet of ferro-magnetic material attached to a valve push rod movable in a housing of the actuator by electromagnetic means having at least one coil mounted on a ferromagnetic circuit and having at least one return spring, one end of which bears against the rod.
  • Devices of this kind may have two opposing return springs (US Patent 4,614,170 or FR 98 12489 patent application) or a single spring alternately working in traction and compression (patent application FR 98 11670).
  • the electromagnetic means of an actuator may comprise two coils whose excitation tends to move the pallet in opposite directions (DE 197 19 299). They can also - and this solution will generally be preferable for reasons of cost, reduction of space and reduction of the number of electrical connections - use a single coil whose ferro-magnetic circuit has a constitution such that it offers, in combination with the pallet, two stable paths of magnetic flux corresponding to the opening and closing states of the valve, respectively (FR 98 application 12489 and corresponding EP application).
  • Such a device comprises as many actuators as valves.
  • eight actuators must be placed side by side.
  • the power of an actuator is limited, given thickness, and this thickness itself is limited because the The distribution of the actuators must be the same as that of the valves.
  • the power that can be achieved with individual actuators may be insufficient, at least for the exhaust valves that are the most demanding at high engine load because of the back pressure in the engine. the combustion chamber.
  • the need for an electrical power connector per actuator is expensive and reduces reliability.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide a valve control device for two-valve engine of the same type per cylinder of reduced size and increased reliability.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose a device in which the ferro-magnetic circuits of two actuators assigned to two valves of the same type of the same cylinder are contained in a common housing and the coils of the two actuators can consequently be supplied by the intermediate of the same power connector.
  • This single connector can moreover be used to transmit measurement signals from a position sensor of the pallet to the outside.
  • the invention proposes a device in which the ferro-magnetic circuits of two actuators assigned to two valves of the same type of the same cylinder are merged. Not only does this arrangement reduce the space requirement and therefore makes it possible to locally increase the section of iron by taking advantage of the free space between two cylinders, but it also makes it possible to increase the section of the common part which benefits entirely to the control of only one of the valves when the other remains at rest, for example at the start of the oscillation of the valves.
  • the invention is particularly easy to implement in the case of single-coil actuators for which one can also place sensors of the axial position of the rod and the pallet, detecting the position of a magnet fixed to the rod, in an area where the magnetic flux created by the coil is still very small and does not disrupt the operation through the symmetry of the planar lines of force.
  • Valve actuators are electromagnetic control and can be a single coil, as will be described later, or two coils, such as that described in the patent application FR 98 11670 already mentioned.
  • the device partially shown in Figure 1 comprises a common housing 16 of non-magnetic material, for example light alloy, retaining the ferro-magnetic circuits 54 of two adjacent actuators assigned to the same cylinder on the cylinder head of the engine.
  • the housing is pierced with holes 56 of fixing screw passage.
  • the ferro-magnetic circuits will generally be disjointed to allow the individual control of the two valves.
  • the four coils of the same pair can be powered by a single connector 58 whose general constitution can be either conventional or advantageously that described in the French patent application of the same day as the present application, entitled “Connector power and actuator supply device comprising such connectors "of the applicant, however doubled.
  • These connectors can be provided to also transfer the output signals of position sensors. This arrangement requires less space than individual mounting of the actuators and halves the number of connectors.
  • the magnetic circuits of two adjacent actuators can be fused and have the constitution shown in Figure 2, each complete actuator having for example the elements shown in Figure 3.
  • the vertical symmetry planes of the two coils are farther apart than the vertical symmetry planes of the two palettes so that the flows generated by each coil interfere with each other as little as possible.
  • the actuator then has a pallet 22 of prismatic shape, made of ferro-magnetic material, fixed on a rod 24 for driving the valve 50.
  • Two return springs 28a and 28b are provided to maintain the valve at rest in a substantially median position between the closed position and the fully open position.
  • One of the springs 28a is compressed between a plate 30 fixed to the rod 24 and an extension of the housing 16.
  • the other spring 28b is compressed between a plate 31 fixed to the valve stem and the bottom of the valve well formed in the cylinder head 12.
  • the fixed ferro-magnetic circuit common to the two actuators has a cross section passing through the axis of the two E-shaped pallets with a middle branch 60 and two outer branches 62.
  • the lateral branches have a smaller width than the branch median which benefits from the fusion of the two magnetic circuits.
  • the outer branches can be relatively wide because of the spacing between two cylinders.
  • each pallet 22 has beveled edges parallel to the poles of the associated magnetic circuit.
  • the pallet has a central bar-shaped boss which creates or increases an asymmetry of the magnetic circuit and ensures that the initial direction of movement of the pallet from its rest position will be upward.
  • the presence of the boss reduces the initial reluctance of the circuit because it reduces the air gap at rest, as shown by the arrows schematically magnetic flux lines.
  • the currents flowing through the two coils carried by the same ferromagnetic circuit are in opposite directions.
  • the current flowing through each coil can be controlled by a computer (not shown) receiving a signal indicating the position of the pallet of a sensor 24. It can be in particular a Hall effect sensor 64 sensitive to a magnetic pad carried by the rod 24.
  • the path of the lines of force of the magnetic flux is such that they do not disturb the measurement by a sensor placed in the oplan of FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus for controlling valves that move linearly along respective axes comprises a number of actuators that is equal to the number of valves. Each actuator has an armature (22) of ferromagnetic material fixed to a valve push rod (24) and movable in a housing (16) of the actuator by a coil mounted on a ferromagnetic circuit. The ferromagnetic circuits of the two actuators allocated to two valves of the same type for a single cylinder are contained in the same housing.

Description

L'invention concerne les dispositifs de commande de soupapes à déplacement linéaire suivant un axe, comprenant des actionneurs en nombre égal à celui des soupapes, chaque actionneur ayant une palette en matériau ferro-magnétique fixée à une tige de poussée de soupape déplaçable dans un boîtier de l'actionneur par des moyens électro-magnétiques ayant au moins une bobine montée sur un circuit ferro-magnétique et ayant au moins un ressort de rappel dont une extrémité est en appui contre la tige.The invention relates to axially linear displacement control devices comprising actuators in number equal to that of the valves, each actuator having a pallet of ferro-magnetic material attached to a valve push rod movable in a housing of the actuator by electromagnetic means having at least one coil mounted on a ferromagnetic circuit and having at least one return spring, one end of which bears against the rod.

Les dispositifs de ce genre peuvent avoir deux ressorts de rappel antagonistes (brevet US 4 614 170 ou demande de brevet FR 98 12489) ou un seul ressort travaillant alternativement en traction et en compression (demande de brevet FR 98 11670). Les moyens électromagnétiques d'un actionneur peuvent comporter deux bobines dont l'excitation tend à déplacer la palette dans des directions opposées (DE 197 19 299). Ils peuvent également -et cette solution sera généralement préférable pour des raisons de coût, de réduction d'encombrement et de réduction du nombre des liaisons électriques- utiliser une bobine unique dont le circuit ferro-magnétique a une constitution telle qu'il offre, en combinaison avec la palette, deux cheminements stables de flux magnétique correspondant à des états d'ouverture et de fermeture de la soupape, respectivement (demande FR 98 12489 et demande EP correspondante).Devices of this kind may have two opposing return springs (US Patent 4,614,170 or FR 98 12489 patent application) or a single spring alternately working in traction and compression (patent application FR 98 11670). The electromagnetic means of an actuator may comprise two coils whose excitation tends to move the pallet in opposite directions (DE 197 19 299). They can also - and this solution will generally be preferable for reasons of cost, reduction of space and reduction of the number of electrical connections - use a single coil whose ferro-magnetic circuit has a constitution such that it offers, in combination with the pallet, two stable paths of magnetic flux corresponding to the opening and closing states of the valve, respectively (FR 98 application 12489 and corresponding EP application).

Un tel dispositif comporte autant d'actionneurs que de soupapes. Sur un moteur à seize soupapes disposées en deux lignes, huit actionneurs doivent être placé côte à côte. La puissance d'un actionneur est limitée, à épaisseur donnée, et cette épaisseur elle-même est limitée du fait que la répartition des actionneurs doit être la même que celle des soupapes. Sur des moteurs de faible cylindrée, la puissance que l'on peut obtenir avec des actionneurs individuels peut se révéler insuffisante, au moins pour les soupapes d'échappement qui sont les plus exigeantes à forte charge du moteur du fait de la contre-pression dans la chambre de combustion. Par ailleurs la nécessité d'un connecteur électrique de puissance par actionneur est coûteuse et réduit la fiabilité.Such a device comprises as many actuators as valves. On a sixteen-valve engine arranged in two lines, eight actuators must be placed side by side. The power of an actuator is limited, given thickness, and this thickness itself is limited because the The distribution of the actuators must be the same as that of the valves. On small displacement engines, the power that can be achieved with individual actuators may be insufficient, at least for the exhaust valves that are the most demanding at high engine load because of the back pressure in the engine. the combustion chamber. In addition, the need for an electrical power connector per actuator is expensive and reduces reliability.

L'invention vise notamment à fournir un dispositif de commande de soupapes pour moteur à deux soupapes du même type par cylindre d'encombrement réduit et de fiabilité accrue.The invention aims in particular to provide a valve control device for two-valve engine of the same type per cylinder of reduced size and increased reliability.

L'invention propose dans ce but un dispositif dans lequel les circuits ferro-magnétiques de deux actionneurs affectés à deux soupapes du même type d'un même cylindre sont contenus dans un boîtier commun et les bobines des deux actionneurs peuvent en conséquence être alimentées par l'intermédiaire d'un même connecteur de puissance. Ce connecteur unique peut au surplus être utilisé pour transmettre des signaux de mesure provenant d'un capteur de position de la palette vers l'extérieur.The invention proposes for this purpose a device in which the ferro-magnetic circuits of two actuators assigned to two valves of the same type of the same cylinder are contained in a common housing and the coils of the two actuators can consequently be supplied by the intermediate of the same power connector. This single connector can moreover be used to transmit measurement signals from a position sensor of the pallet to the outside.

Suivant un autre aspect de l'invention, celle-ci propose un dispositif dans lequel les circuits ferro-magnétiques de deux actionneurs affectés à deux soupapes de même type d'un même cylindre sont fusionnés. Non seulement cette disposition réduit l'encombrement et donc permet d'accroître localement la section de fer en profitant de l'espace libre entre deux cylindres mais encore elle permet d'augmenter la section de la partie commune qui bénéficie tout entière à la commande d'une seule des soupapes lorsque l'autre reste au repos, par exemple au démarrage de l'oscillation des soupapes.According to another aspect of the invention, it proposes a device in which the ferro-magnetic circuits of two actuators assigned to two valves of the same type of the same cylinder are merged. Not only does this arrangement reduce the space requirement and therefore makes it possible to locally increase the section of iron by taking advantage of the free space between two cylinders, but it also makes it possible to increase the section of the common part which benefits entirely to the control of only one of the valves when the other remains at rest, for example at the start of the oscillation of the valves.

L'invention est particulièrement aisée à mettre en oeuvre dans le cas d'actionneurs à une seule bobine pour lesquels on peut de plus placer des capteurs de la position axiale de la tige et de la palette, détectant la position d'un aimant fixé à la tige, dans une zone où le flux magnétique créé par la bobine est toujours très réduit et ne perturbe pas le fonctionnement grâce à la symétrie des planaires des lignes de force.The invention is particularly easy to implement in the case of single-coil actuators for which one can also place sensors of the axial position of the rod and the pallet, detecting the position of a magnet fixed to the rod, in an area where the magnetic flux created by the coil is still very small and does not disrupt the operation through the symmetry of the planar lines of force.

Les caractéristiques ci-dessus ainsi que d'autres apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode particulier de réalisation, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif. La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'une fraction d'un dispositif de commande comportant des actionneurs regroupés par paires dans un même boîtier ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'un couple d'actionneurs conforme à un mode particulier de réalisation, suivant un plan passant par les axes de ces actionneurs ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'un actionneur mono-bobine en coupe suivant un plan orthogonal à celui de la figure 2 et passant par l'axe de l' actionneur.
The above and other characteristics will appear better on reading the following description of a particular embodiment given by way of non-limiting example. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a fraction of a control device comprising actuators grouped in pairs in the same housing;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of a pair of actuators according to a particular embodiment, along a plane passing through the axes of these actuators;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a single-coil actuator in section along a plane orthogonal to that of Figure 2 and passing through the axis of the actuator.

Il sera essentiellement question maintenant d'un dispositif destiné à un moteur comportant deux soupapes d'admission et deux soupapes d'échappement par cylindre. Toutes les soupapes d'un même type, telles que les soupapes 50 sur la figure 1,- sont disposées en ligne et l'écartement de deux soupapes associées à un même cylindre est plus faible que celui de deux soupapes adjacentes associées à deux cylindres différents. Les actionneurs de soupape sont à commande électromagnétique et peuvent être à une seule bobine, comme celui qui sera décrit plus loin, ou à deux bobines, tel que celui décrit dans la demande de brevet FR 98 11670 déjà mentionnée.It will now essentially be a device for an engine having two intake valves and two exhaust valves per cylinder. All the valves of the same type, such as the valves 50 in FIG. 1, are arranged in line and the spacing of two valves associated with the same cylinder is smaller than that of two adjacent valves associated with two different cylinders. . Valve actuators are electromagnetic control and can be a single coil, as will be described later, or two coils, such as that described in the patent application FR 98 11670 already mentioned.

Le dispositif montré partiellement sur la figure 1 comporte un boîtier commun 16 en matériau non magnétique, en alliage léger par exemple, retenant les circuits ferro-magnétiques 54 de deux actionneurs adjacents affectés à un même cylindre sur la culasse du moteur. Pour cela le boîtier est percé de trous 56 de passage de vis de fixation. Dans le cas d'actionneurs à deux bobines, les circuits ferro-magnétiques seront généralement disjoints pour permettre la commande individuelle des deux soupapes.The device partially shown in Figure 1 comprises a common housing 16 of non-magnetic material, for example light alloy, retaining the ferro-magnetic circuits 54 of two adjacent actuators assigned to the same cylinder on the cylinder head of the engine. For this purpose the housing is pierced with holes 56 of fixing screw passage. In the case of actuators with two coils, the ferro-magnetic circuits will generally be disjointed to allow the individual control of the two valves.

Les quatre bobines d'un même couple (deux par actionneur) peuvent être alimentées par un connecteur unique 58 dont la constitution générale peut être soit classique, soit avantageusement celle décrite dans la demande_de brevet français du même jour que la présente demande, intitulée « Connecteur de puissance et dispositif d'alimentation d'actionneurs comportant de tels connecteurs » de la demanderesse, toutefois doublée. Ces connecteurs peuvent être prévus pour transférer également les signaux de sortie de capteurs de position. Cette disposition exige moins de place qu'un montage individuel des actionneurs et réduit de moitié le nombre de connecteurs.The four coils of the same pair (two per actuator) can be powered by a single connector 58 whose general constitution can be either conventional or advantageously that described in the French patent application of the same day as the present application, entitled "Connector power and actuator supply device comprising such connectors "of the applicant, however doubled. These connectors can be provided to also transfer the output signals of position sensors. This arrangement requires less space than individual mounting of the actuators and halves the number of connectors.

Lorsque les actionneurs sont à une seule bobine, les circuits magnétiques de deux actionneurs adjacents peuvent être fusionnés et avoir la constitution montrée en figure 2, chaque actionneur complet ayant par exemple les éléments montrés en figure 3. Les plans de symétrie verticaux des deux bobines sont plus éloignés entre eux que les plans de symétrie verticaux des deux palettes pour que les flux générés par chaque bobine se gênent réciproquement le moins possible. L'actionneur présente alors une palette 22 de forme prismatique, en matériau ferro-magnétique, fixée sur une tige 24 d'entraînement de la soupape 50.When the actuators are single coil, the magnetic circuits of two adjacent actuators can be fused and have the constitution shown in Figure 2, each complete actuator having for example the elements shown in Figure 3. The vertical symmetry planes of the two coils are farther apart than the vertical symmetry planes of the two palettes so that the flows generated by each coil interfere with each other as little as possible. The actuator then has a pallet 22 of prismatic shape, made of ferro-magnetic material, fixed on a rod 24 for driving the valve 50.

Deux ressorts de rappel 28a et 28b sont prévus pour maintenir la soupape au repos dans une position sensiblement médiane entre la position de fermeture et la position de pleine ouverture. Un des ressorts 28a est comprimé entre un plateau 30 fixé à la tige 24 et un prolongement du boîtier 16. L'autre ressort 28b est comprimé entre un plateau 31 fixé à la queue de soupape et le fond du puits de soupape ménagé dans la culasse 12.Two return springs 28a and 28b are provided to maintain the valve at rest in a substantially median position between the closed position and the fully open position. One of the springs 28a is compressed between a plate 30 fixed to the rod 24 and an extension of the housing 16. The other spring 28b is compressed between a plate 31 fixed to the valve stem and the bottom of the valve well formed in the cylinder head 12.

Le circuit ferro-magnétique fixe commun aux deux actionneurs présente une section droite passant par l'axe des deux palettes en forme de E avec une branche médiane 60 et deux branches externes 62. Les branches latérales ont une largeur plus faible que celle de la branche médiane qui profite de la fusion des deux circuits magnétiques. Cependant les branches externes peuvent être relativement larges du fait de l'écartement entre deux cylindres.The fixed ferro-magnetic circuit common to the two actuators has a cross section passing through the axis of the two E-shaped pallets with a middle branch 60 and two outer branches 62. The lateral branches have a smaller width than the branch median which benefits from the fusion of the two magnetic circuits. However, the outer branches can be relatively wide because of the spacing between two cylinders.

Dans le mode de réalisation montré en figure 2, chaque palette 22 présente des bords biseautés parallèlement aux pôles du circuit magnétique associé. De plus la palette présente un bossage central en forme de barrette qui créée ou augmente une dissymétrie du circuit magnétique et garantit que le sens initial de déplacement de la palette à partir de sa position de repos sera vers le haut. De plus la présence du bossage réduit la réluctance initiale du circuit du fait qu'elle réduit l'entrefer au repos, comme le montrent les flèches schématisant les lignes de flux magnétiques. Lorsque la palette est collée sur le pôle supérieur, comme indiqué à gauche sur la figure, le bossage est court-circuité et n'affaiblit pas la force de collage.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, each pallet 22 has beveled edges parallel to the poles of the associated magnetic circuit. In addition the pallet has a central bar-shaped boss which creates or increases an asymmetry of the magnetic circuit and ensures that the initial direction of movement of the pallet from its rest position will be upward. In addition, the presence of the boss reduces the initial reluctance of the circuit because it reduces the air gap at rest, as shown by the arrows schematically magnetic flux lines. When the pallet is stuck on the pole upper, as shown on the left in the figure, the boss is short-circuited and does not weaken the bonding force.

Les courants parcourant les deux bobines portées par un même circuit ferro-magnétique sont de sens opposés. Le courant qui parcourt chaque bobine peut être piloté par un calculateur non représenté recevant un signal indiquant la position de la palette d'un capteur 24. Il peut s'agir notamment d'un capteur à effet Hall 64 sensible à un plot magnétique porté par la tige 24. Le trajet des lignes de force du flux magnétique est tel qu'elles ne perturbent pas la mesure par un capteur placé dans le oplan de la figure 3.The currents flowing through the two coils carried by the same ferromagnetic circuit are in opposite directions. The current flowing through each coil can be controlled by a computer (not shown) receiving a signal indicating the position of the pallet of a sensor 24. It can be in particular a Hall effect sensor 64 sensitive to a magnetic pad carried by the rod 24. The path of the lines of force of the magnetic flux is such that they do not disturb the measurement by a sensor placed in the oplan of FIG.

Claims (10)

  1. Apparatus for controlling valves that move linearly along respective axes, the apparatus comprising a number of independently-controlled actuators equal to the number of valves, each actuator having an armature (22) of ferromagnetic material fixed to a valve push rod movable in a housing of the actuator by electromagnetic means having at least one coil mounted on a ferromagnetic circuit and having at least one return spring with an end bearing against the rod, the apparatus is characterized in that the ferromagnetic circuits of the two actuators allocated to two valves of the same type for a single cylinder are merged.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each actuator has a single coil (42).
  3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixed ferromagnetic circuit that is common to both actuators has a right section in a plane containing the axes of both armatures, that is E-shaped with a middle branch (60) and two outer branches (62).
  4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that each armature (22) has edges chamfered parallel to the poles of the associated magnetic circuit.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that each armature (22) has a central bulge in the form of a bar which creates or increases asymmetry of the magnetic circuit to impose an initial direction on the displacement of the armature from its rest position.
  6. Apparatus according anyone of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the vertical planes of symmetry of the two coils are further apart from each other than are the vertical planes of symmetry of the two armatures.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the currents carried by the two coils mounted on a common ferromagnetic circuit are opposite in direction.
  8. Apparatus according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ferromagnetic circuits of a pair of actuators allocated to two valves of the same type for a single cylinder are both contained in a same housing.
  9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the coils of the two actuators are fed via a common connector (58).
  10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the connector is used for transmitting measurement signals coming from a sensor (64) for sensing the position of the armature.
EP00917161A 1999-04-09 2000-04-07 Electromagnetic device for valve control Expired - Lifetime EP1169552B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9904472 1999-04-09
FR9904472A FR2792031B1 (en) 1999-04-09 1999-04-09 ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE CONTROL DEVICE
PCT/FR2000/000896 WO2000061922A1 (en) 1999-04-09 2000-04-07 Electromagnetic device for valve control

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1169552A1 EP1169552A1 (en) 2002-01-09
EP1169552B1 true EP1169552B1 (en) 2006-11-02

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EP00917161A Expired - Lifetime EP1169552B1 (en) 1999-04-09 2000-04-07 Electromagnetic device for valve control

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US (1) US6768406B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1169552B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002541674A (en)
KR (1) KR100714387B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE344380T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60031660T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2273677T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2792031B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000061922A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
FR2792031B1 (en) 2001-06-08
US6768406B1 (en) 2004-07-27
WO2000061922A1 (en) 2000-10-19
KR20010110727A (en) 2001-12-13
ATE344380T1 (en) 2006-11-15
FR2792031A1 (en) 2000-10-13
DE60031660D1 (en) 2006-12-14
DE60031660T2 (en) 2007-08-30
KR100714387B1 (en) 2007-05-07
EP1169552A1 (en) 2002-01-09
JP2002541674A (en) 2002-12-03
ES2273677T3 (en) 2007-05-16

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