EP1168896B1 - Dispositif, notamment torche, pour la production de plasma - Google Patents

Dispositif, notamment torche, pour la production de plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1168896B1
EP1168896B1 EP01112776A EP01112776A EP1168896B1 EP 1168896 B1 EP1168896 B1 EP 1168896B1 EP 01112776 A EP01112776 A EP 01112776A EP 01112776 A EP01112776 A EP 01112776A EP 1168896 B1 EP1168896 B1 EP 1168896B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boundary element
electrode
boundary
treated
hollow chamber
Prior art date
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EP01112776A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1168896A3 (fr
EP1168896A2 (fr
Inventor
Ferdinand Stempfer
Reinhard Indraczek
Franz Baumgartner
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SBI Produktion techn Anlagen GmbH
Original Assignee
SBI PRODUKTION TECHN ANLAGEN G
SBI Produktion techn Anlagen GmbH
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Publication of EP1168896A2 publication Critical patent/EP1168896A2/fr
Publication of EP1168896A3 publication Critical patent/EP1168896A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for producing plasma for welding, cutting, hardening or sterilizing objects or materials according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a cathode anode path is established by means of at least two electrodes or between a central electrode and the workpiece.
  • An electric arc can then be ignited by a corresponding voltage supply of the cathode-anode path, and with sufficient energy supply of this arc gap, the current flow is maintained, as a result of which the ignited arc can continue to burn.
  • the cathode anode section is also supplied with gas, which is ionized by the arc and forms a plasma.
  • This plasma formed in a discharge chamber accommodating the cathode anode section then flows out of the discharge chamber tapering nozzle-like in the direction of a workpiece to be treated or emerges from a burner which is narrow compared to the discharge chamber.
  • the thus accelerated via a nozzle formation plasma then acts in the form of a collimated plasma jet punctiform on the object to be processed.
  • the burner embodiment described above is for example from the DE 35 24 034 A1 known. In all these known burners, the generated plasma is jet-concentrated via a nozzle arrangement or a constriction of the ignition chamber before it emerges from the burner.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a means for generating plasma, which allows a local concentration of thermal energy to be treated or to be processed object area.
  • This object of the invention is achieved by the features specified in claim I.
  • the advantages achieved by this innovative solution are that the generated plasma remains collected by the created hollow chamber and does not escape prematurely, whereby a high concentration or a kind of focusing of the thermal energy is provided to the point to be processed. For this reason, the operating time of the device can be very be kept short and are still achieved by the highly concentrated thermal energy radiation excellent processing or treatment effects. This effect is particularly important in the production of a spot weld of great importance, since very short cycle or welding times can be achieved.
  • a particular advantage of this solution according to the invention is also that the surrounding zones are heated only comparatively slightly during treatment, in particular during the welding process, whereby only minimal thermal stresses of the object or workpiece occur. This effect is of great use especially when welding plates or metal sheets in container construction or in body construction.
  • the achievable with the device according to the invention welding results are even comparable to the results of a laser welding, but the investment costs for the inventive device is only a fraction of that of a laser system.
  • the economy of the device according to the invention is further improved by the much higher efficiency over conventional methods and systems. This comparatively favorable economic parameter is achieved, inter alia, in that the energy consumption remains relatively low, after the treatment or welding times can be kept very short.
  • An embodiment according to claim 2 is advantageous because it provides a favorable spatial form which concentrates or buffers the high-energy thermal radiation around the point to be processed and also achieves a certain reflection of the heat radiation as well as a focus on a locally limited area or point ,
  • the intensity of the energy radiation acting on the respective object or also the size of the action zone can be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • a controlled pressure reduction inside the hollow chamber is made possible, so that in some circumstances a jerky lifting of the device is prevented from the object surface. Above all, however, a displacement or deformation of the molten object area due to the built-up overpressure in the hollow chamber is avoided, whereby an optically flawless weld pattern can be achieved with a largely flat surface.
  • the embodiment of claim 11 and / or 12 favors the uniform distribution of the resulting in the hollow or discharge chamber plasma or the heat radiation occurring.
  • the embodiment according to claim 14 ensures an optically flawless surface on the object to be treated and also makes it possible to drag the device along the upper side of the workpiece without leaving troublesome tracks.
  • the advantageous embodiment according to one or more of claims 15 to 18 allows a change or adjustment of the action zone or the intensity of the thermal energy or thermal radiation to the respective requirements.
  • the machining result for example, the spot diameter, adjusted or adjusted accordingly.
  • An adjustment of the pressure compensation behavior of the resulting in the hollow or ignition chamber overpressure with respect to the ambient pressure of the device can be done by the embodiment of claim 19 in a simple manner.
  • an individual adaptation to the respective object properties is made possible at short notice.
  • Short circuits between the boundary element and an optionally differently poled workpiece can be excluded by the embodiment of claim 20.
  • an ignition chamber or a discharge chamber is provided, which ensures a direction of energy flow in the direction of an object to be treated.
  • the arc burns directly between the burner-side electrode and the counterelectrode formed by the object surface, and surrounds or envelops this cathode-anode zone with the ignited arc from the boundary element and thus is largely enclosed, wherein the induced plasma can act in a correspondingly concentrated form and with a defined geometry directly and directly on the workpiece top side.
  • a good ignition behavior of the device is achieved by the embodiment according to claim 26.
  • a long life and a possibly in the alignment or in the course of varying arc is achieved by the embodiment according to claim 27.
  • An improved plasma formation and / or cooling of the burner or the electrode is provided by the embodiment according to claim 28 and / or 29.
  • a very simple-building, yet functional and extremely reliable gas seal which allows a defined influx of the gas into the hollow chamber, but prevents a pulse-like escape of the overpressure via the supply channel for the gas is provided by the embodiment according to claim 30 and / or 31.
  • an embodiment according to claim 34 is advantageous, as this treatments made or welded joints, in particular spot welded joints can be created, for which a supply of filler materials is not mandatory.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a system 1 for the production of plasma and for the application of the generated plasma in the field of "welding".
  • the system 1 it is also possible to adapt the system 1 in such a way that the plasma generated instead of the use in the technology area "welding" can also be used for flame cutting, hardening or sterilizing of materials or objects to be treated.
  • a device 2 for the production or a demmestic applicator for the application of the generated plasma it is only necessary to adapt a device 2 for the production or a demmestic applicator for the application of the generated plasma to the respective field of application. This is usually done by adapting a power source 3 connected to the device 2 or its operating behavior and / or by changing or changing or replacing the device 2 that generates and provides the plasma itself.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown represents a system 1 or a device 2 for spot welding, build-up welding and / or joint welding, and the device 2 can therefore also be referred to as a so-called welding torch.
  • the power source 3 takes over the function of a welding power source.
  • An independent, as compact as possible building unit forming power source 3 is connected via at least one line 5, in particular via a so-called hose package 6 with the device 2 and with a demsellen burner 7.
  • At least one potential of the electrical energy is transmitted to the burner 7 via this hose package 6 or via separate, individually extending lines 5.
  • the burner 7 is preferably supplied by means of an electrical line 8, the negative potential of the electrical energy.
  • the positive potential of the electrical energy is supplied via a further line 9 a contacting element 10, for example a terminal, for releasable connection with the object to be treated or workpiece.
  • Such a “separate" supply of the electrical potentials of the welding energy by means of separate lines 8, 9 is provided in particular in the generation of a direct arc from the burner 7 to the object or workpiece.
  • the line 9 is part of the hose assembly 6 and then an additional or separate contacting element 10 is not mandatory.
  • the system 1 can also be designed to supply gas 11 or a suitable gas mixture, this gas 11, which can be supplied in a controlled manner, assisting the plasma formation.
  • the gas 11 is usually kept in stock in a storage container, in particular in a compressed gas cylinder 12.
  • this compressed gas cylinder 12 via a pressure reducing valve 13 and at least one hose 14 with at least one controllable valve in the housing of the power source 3 fluidly connected.
  • a further hose line 15 in or separately from the hose package 6 the gas 11 removed from the compressed gas cylinder 12 can be fed to the burner 7 or to the object or workpiece to be processed.
  • the system 1 may also include a cooling device 16.
  • the cooling device 16 which preferably uses water as the cooling medium, comprises at least one coolant line 17 between the housing for the current source 3 and the burner 7.
  • At least one flow channel for an effective transition of the heat energy occurring during operation at the burner 7 is formed on the cooling medium.
  • a pump for the demand generating a flow of the cooling medium is preferably arranged in the housing for the power source 3.
  • cooling liquid or a separate liquid can also, as is known from the prior art, be used for plasma generation at the burner 7.
  • a holding part 18 of the burner 7 a if necessary activatable trigger 19, preferably in the form of a push button 20, arranged, via which the energy supply and / or the gas supply and / or a supply of a Welding filler material can be activated or deactivated.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 is a possible embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention illustrated.
  • This hand-held device 2 or demselle burner 7 comprises the user to be gripped by a holding member 18 and a burner head 21.
  • the burner head 21 is aligned relative to the longitudinal center axis of the holding member 18 at an angle.
  • the angle formed between the burner head 21 and the longitudinal central axis of the holding part 18 is formed blunt. Accordingly, this angle can assume a value between 90 ° to 180 °.
  • the burner head 21 is releasably connected by means of a positive and / or frictional connection and / or by means of a screw connection with the holding part 18, if necessary.
  • the positive connection between the burner head 21 and the holding part 18 can be formed by any known from the prior art screw 22 and / or by suitable known from the prior art in a variety of ways latching and snap connections 23.
  • An advantage of this, if necessary, releasable connection between the burner head 21 and the holding part 18 and the demchromaten handle part is that either the various requirements corresponding, different burner heads 21 can be mounted selectively or on the other hand, a defective or a certain useful life underlying, worn burner head 21st can be easily replaced by a new burner head 21, without having to renew the entire burner 7.
  • the holding part 18 consists of an electrically insulating and poor thermal conductivity, rod-shaped support member 24 made of plastic or the like. At least portions of the support member 24 may be surrounded by a non-slip, preferably also thermally insulating grip member 25.
  • the supply lines for supplying the electrical energy and / or the gas 11 and / or a welding filler material are formed.
  • the line 8 serves to transmit at least one pole of the electrical energy to the burner head 21 and has at least one contact point 26 for electrical connection to at least one electrode 27 of the burner 7 in the transition region between the burner head 21 and the carrier element.
  • at least one inflow channel 28 is provided in the carrier element 24.
  • At least one sealing device 29 is formed for a flow-tight transition between the inflow channel 28 in the handle part 25 and the burner head 21.
  • the inflow channel 28 preferably opens into an intermediate chamber 30 in the burner head 21 that is enlarged in cross-section relative to the inflow channel 28.
  • the intermediate chamber 30 is preferably formed in an upper end region of the burner head 21 and the intermediate chamber 30, in which the gas 11 flows in at a defined pressure, in the vertical direction of the Electrode 27 interspersed.
  • the intermediate chamber 30 is penetrated by the supplied gas 11 from the electrode 27, a cooling of the relatively high temperature exposed electrode 27 is achieved after the electrode 27 and its outer jacket flows around the comparatively cool gas 11 before it in the lower end of the Leaves electrode 27 or in the region of the electrode tip a relatively narrow flow passage 31 between the intermediate chamber 30 and the electrode tip.
  • the flow channel 31 as well as the electrode 27 extends largely in the center of the burner head 21, wherein the electrode 27 is aligned centrally to the flow channel 31.
  • at least the central region of the electrode 27 is cylindrical and thus extends the electrode 27 concentric with a circular bore in the burner head 21.
  • a diameter 32 of this bore in the burner head 21 is slightly larger than a diameter 33 of this flow channel 31 passing through electrode 27.
  • At least one gap 34 between the electrode 27 and the burner head 21 At least one gap 34 between the electrode 27 and the burner head 21.
  • a measured in the longitudinal direction of the electrode 27 length 35 of the flow channel 31 and the gap 34 is a multiple greater than a width 36 of the gap 34 and the flow channel 31.
  • the length 35 of the flow channel 31 is 10 to 15 times the width 36 of the gap 34.
  • the gap 34 between the electrode 27 and the body for the burner head 21 usually has a width of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • a type of gas closure is achieved, which is a return flow of the gas 11 or a rebound of gas pressure pulses starting from the region of the electrode tip in the direction of the intermediate chamber 30th ,
  • the configuration of the flow channel 31 thus forms a type remindströmdrossel or check valve in the region of the electrode tip or in the area around the electrode 27.
  • the electrode 27 is preferably used as the cathode, ie the negative potential of the supplied electrical energy is applied to the electrode 27.
  • the positive potential of the energy required to treat an object 37 or workpiece 38 is applied directly to the electrically conductive object 37 or workpiece 38, as described above.
  • a cathode anode path 39 can be constructed with the burner 7, it being possible to generate an arc 40 within the cathode anode path 39 when a corresponding electrical voltage potential is applied from the current source.
  • the electrode 27 by a non-consumable, high temperature resistant electrode 27 made of tungsten, a tungsten alloy or other suitable material, such as this in a variety of compositions are known in the art, formed.
  • the electrode 27 is provided on the burner 7, whereas the counter electrode is formed by the workpiece 38 itself.
  • the arc 40 is ignited between the electrode 27 and the workpiece 38, that is to say within the cathode anode zone 39, and the cathode anode zone 39 is ionized during this process.
  • high heat energy is provided in the immediate vicinity of the cathode anode path 39.
  • the electrode 27 is surrounded at least partially by the boundary element 42 forming the hollow chamber 41.
  • that end region of the electrode 27 is surrounded by the hollow chamber 41, at which the arc 40 is formed or at which electrode tip the arc 40 takes its output.
  • the electrode tip extends at least partially into the hollow chamber 41 formed by the boundary element 42 between the burner head 21 and the object 37 or workpiece 38 to be treated.
  • the electrode tip or the end of the electrode 27 facing the object 37 or workpiece 38 protrudes freely into the hollow chamber 41, ie the electrode 27 is not in direct contact with the boundary surfaces of the hollow chamber 41.
  • the boundary element 42 is formed of a high temperature resistant, electrically insulating material.
  • the burner head or the element forming the hollow chamber 41 is formed of oxide ceramics, for example of aluminum oxide ceramics. Of course, it is also possible to use any other material having a high temperature resistance for forming the boundary element 42 or the burner head 21.
  • the spatial shape of the hollow chamber 41 and the recess 43 in the boundary element 42 effect a focusing of the plasma present in the hollow chamber 41 and the prevailing heat energy radiation on the object 37 or workpiece 38 to be treated, for example, to be welded.
  • the boundary element 42 can form a domed or dome-like hollow chamber 41 in the region above the cathode anode path 39.
  • the spatially shaped recess 43 is provided, which forms the hollow chamber 41 in combination with the workpiece 38.
  • the boundary element 42 with the recess 43 is open in the region to be treated for the material or object 37 to be treated and in combination or in cooperation with the top of the treated or processed material or object 37 is a largely closed hollow chamber 41st created in which the generated plasma is present.
  • the open area of the recess 43 is always facing the material or object 37 to be treated.
  • the end of the electrode 27 or the electrode tip is located in the region of the recess 43 facing away from the object or workpiece surface.
  • the electrode tip can also be located in the middle region or in the lower end region of the recess 42, depending on the dimensions of the recess 43.
  • the boundary element 42 can thus result in arcuate, in particular concave boundary edges of the recess 43. This ensures that the boundary element 42 forms a spatially curved interface 44 to the cathode-anode section 39.
  • the inner boundary surface 44 of the recess 43 in the boundary element 42 thus forms a kind of reflector 45 and effects a reflection or focusing of the heat radiation or of the plasma on the material or object 37 to be treated.
  • the inner boundary surface 44 of the boundary element 42 corresponds to FIG shown representation largely the shape of the inner surface of a divided, in particular a halved hollow sphere.
  • the preferably acting as a cathode electrode 27 preferably passes through the burner head 21 centrally and ends its tip or end at a distance 46 in front of that opened edge region of the burner head 21, which is to be treated object 37 and the workpiece to be machined 38 assigned.
  • This distance 46 between the electrode tip and the edge region of the burner head 21 or the boundary element 42 or an upper side 47 of an object 37 to be treated is usually 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably in about 0.2 mm.
  • the tip of the electrode 27 is spherical.
  • a centric flow channel 31 for supplying the gas for example of air, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), argon (Ar), helium (He), oxygen (O 2 ) and the like or any other known from the prior art suitable gas mixture
  • gas 11 for example of air, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), argon (Ar), helium (He), oxygen (O 2 ) and the like or any other known from the prior art suitable gas mixture
  • the thus uniformly distributed outflowing gas 11 can contribute to an improvement of the plasma generation.
  • the recess 43 formed when placing the burner 7 or the burner head 21 in the boundary element 42 is largely closed when assigned to the top 47 of the object 37 or workpiece 38 and thus forms the hollow chamber 41.
  • the arc 40 can burn between the differently poled electrodes 27 or between the electrode 27 and the workpiece 38 in a discharge chamber with overpressure.
  • the pressure conditions in the hollow chamber 41 with ignited arc 40 and plasma generated are higher in relation to an ambient pressure around the burner 7.
  • the volume of the hollow chamber 41 is relatively low, so that an overpressure on the one hand by the incoming gas 11, but above all by the high temperatures due to the prevailing plasma in the form of a microchamber forming hollow chamber 41 relative to the ambient pressure around the burner 7 easily. In the operating state of the burner 7, an overpressure can therefore be built up relatively quickly in the largely closed hollow chamber 41.
  • a significant advantage of the largely self-contained hollow chamber 41 is that the pulse-like heat radiation is concentrated in the hollow chamber 41 and the highly heated plasma can escape only gradually from the hollow chamber 41.
  • the pulse-like heat radiation is concentrated in the hollow chamber 41 and the highly heated plasma can escape only gradually from the hollow chamber 41.
  • very short but highly energetic heat developments can act on the object 37 or workpiece 38 to be treated.
  • These relatively short-term heat radiation compared to the systems known from the prior art allow extremely short cycle times and is due to the pulse-like heat, the tendency of distortion of the material to be treated, such as sheets, greatly minimized.
  • the heat is applied by means of the boundary element 42 or due to the hollow chamber 41 in a locally clearly limited area.
  • peripheral edge areas are hardly or only relatively slightly heated around the point to be processed, as a result of which the efficiency of the device 2 according to the invention can also be kept comparatively high in comparison with the devices known from the prior art.
  • Another advantage of the focusing of the plasma or heat radiation on the workpiece 38 according to the invention lies in the fact that minimal stresses due to the low thermal load are achieved by the now very short treatment or welding times. This circumstance is of great importance, above all, in the sheet metal processing industry, in particular in the construction or repair of body parts or generally in the automotive industry and also in container construction.
  • At least one discharge opening 49 for the escape of the gases 11 from the interior of the hollow chamber 41 or for reducing the resulting overpressure is provided.
  • this outflow opening 49 can be achieved in that an edge region or an end face 50 of the burner head 21 is not placed directly on the upper side 47 to be treated, but the end face 50 of the burner head 21 is positioned at a suitable distance from the upper side 47 of the workpiece 38.
  • Such a positioning of the burner. 7 or the burner head 21 is conceivable especially when using the device 2 on manipulators or robot arms.
  • the outflow opening 49 for the controlled and throttled escape of the heat radiation or the gases 11 from the combustion or hollow chamber 41 can also be created by at least one cut 51 in the end face 50 or by at least one breakthrough in the end edge region of the burner head 21.
  • a flow connection between the interior of the hollow chamber 41 and the surrounding area or the ambient air of the device 2 can be built up.
  • the throttle effect for the compensation of the overpressure in the hollow chamber 41 can be determined.
  • the incisions 51 or the demolished openings are arranged directly in the end region of the burner head 21 or the recess 43 facing the object 37 to be treated.
  • a plurality of cuts 51 or openings are arranged at the same pitch angle, these cuts 51 extending radially to a longitudinal central axis 52 of the boundary element 42 or of the burner head 21.
  • the burner head 21 or the boundary element 42 itself is preferably cylindrical, as best of all Fig. 3 is apparent.
  • the burner head 21 can be placed directly on the object 37 to be treated.
  • the radial cuts 51 are preferably formed in the edge region of the burner head 21.
  • the basic shape of the burner head 21 is advantageously cylindrical, as best from the synopsis of Fig. 2 and 3 is removable.
  • an attachment element 53 may be provided in the edge region of the boundary element 42.
  • the burner 7 or the burner head 21 can be supported directly on the upper side 47 of an object 37 to be treated.
  • This attachment element 53 surrounds in the manner of a sleeve the outer edge region of the boundary element 42.
  • This attachment element 53 is relative to the boundary element 42 preferably mounted adjustable.
  • a rotary bearing and / or a sliding guide is formed between the attachment element 53 and the burner head 21.
  • the attachment element 53 and the boundary element 42 can be connected to one another via a thread arrangement.
  • the cuts 51 and openings are also arranged in the lower edge region of the attachment element 53 and can thus continue the outflow openings 49 from the hollow chamber 41.
  • the cuts 51 or openings in the optional attachment element 53 are preferably arranged at the same pitch angle as the cuts 51 in the edge region of the boundary element 42.
  • this attachment element 53 it is also possible to completely close the outflow openings 49 in the burner head 21, so that the overpressure in the hollow chamber 41 can break down only after lifting the burner head 21 from the top 47 of the object 37.
  • the attachment element 53 By rotating the attachment element 53 in accordance with an arrow 54, the outflow cross section can be varied steplessly from zero to a maximum cross section.
  • the characteristics of the device 2 or the intensity of heat generation can be regulated in a simple manner.
  • a means or an adjusting device 55 for changing or varying the position of a focusing or focal point 56 may also be provided on the burner 7.
  • This focusing or focal point 56 is basically defined by the spatial form of the recess 43 or by the geometry of the demsellen reflector 45.
  • the position of the focusing point or focal point 56 relative to an object 37 to be treated can be changed by means of this setting device 55.
  • the adjusting device 55 it is possible by the adjusting device 55, a distance 57 of the boundary element 42 to be treated object 37 to adapt to the respective requirements.
  • the adjusting device 55 it is possible by means of the adjusting device 55 to change the focus or focal point 56 or the limited area with concentrated energy radiation in its vertical distance 57 to the top 47 of the object 37 to be treated.
  • the imaginary s ists- or focal point 56 which is determined primarily by the inner shape of the boundary element 42, either above or on or inside or below the object 37 to be treated.
  • the size or the surface extent of a highly concentrated exposure zone 58 on the upper side 47 of the object 37 can be adjusted within certain limits.
  • welding the size of the projected weld nugget and / or the penetration depth can thus be regulated in a simple manner. Since the distance 46 between the electrode 27 and the workpiece surface changes by actuation of the adjusting device 55, it may also be advantageous when changing over the setting device 55 to carry along the properties of the current source 3 or to adapt their ignition properties.
  • an adjustment device 55 via which the electrode spacing can be changed, it is also possible to provide means for changing the shape of the inner boundary surface 44 or the inner surface of the boundary element 42. By changing the geometry of the interface 44 or of the reflector 45, it is likewise possible to set the size of a weld nugget or the surface extent of an exposure zone 58.
  • Such adjusting device 55 may be formed, for example, by a plurality of relatively adjustable parts of the boundary element 42 for changing the spatial shape of the recess 43.
  • Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention illustrated, wherein the same reference numerals have been used for previously described parts. The preceding parts of the description are therefore valid mutatis mutandis for the same parts of this embodiment.
  • the burner head 21 is screwed directly into the holding part 18 via an external thread.
  • This screw connection between the holding part 18 and the burner head 21 allows easy assembly and disassembly of these two parts.
  • the end of the electrode 27 facing away from the electrode tip has an offset or a plate-shaped base plate 59.
  • This base plate 59 which is connected to the electrode 27 or constitutes a part of the electrode 27, is thus in electrical contact with the electrical line 8 in the holding part 18.
  • a current transition between the line 8 and the electrode 27 is ensured.
  • the base plate 59 of the electrode 27 is positioned or clamped between the mutually facing end faces of the burner head 21 and the holding part 18. This clamping takes place via the screw connection between the two parts of the burner 7.
  • Electrode 27 also ensures an exact positioning of the same in the middle of the flow channel 31 of the burner head 21, so that a contact between the outer surface of the electrode 27 and the flow channel 31 and the material of the burner head 21 and the boundary element 22 is avoided.
  • a sealing device 29 is again provided, which produces a flow-tight connection between the flow channel 31 and the inflow channel 28 in the holding part 18.
  • At least one opening 60 in the base plate 59 represents the transition between the inflow channel 28 and the flow channel 31.
  • the line 8 for the supply of electrical energy within the inflow channel 28 is arranged.
  • the tip of the electrode 27 has a spherical or teardrop-like shape. As a result, their maximum service life can be significantly increased.
  • the boundary surface 44 of the recess 43 in the boundary element 42 or burner head 21 is formed like a pan.
  • a parabolaptaptaptförmige interface 44 can be created in the boundary element 42, which results in a well-defined focusing or focal point 56.
  • the position of this focusing point or focal point 56 can in turn be changed via the setting device 55 relative to the upper side 47 of the object 37.
  • the object 37 is formed by two superimposed sheets 61, which are spot-welded by the burner 7.
  • the size of the Einwirkzone 58 of the burner 7 and the size of the weld can u.a. be adjusted by the adjustment device 55 to the respective requirements.
  • the adjusting device 55 and the corresponding attachment element 53 is formed by an annular sleeve in the outer region around the boundary element 42 and connected to this adjustable via a threaded arrangement.
  • openings or incisions 51 are again provided, via which an overpressure in the interior of the recess 43 or hollow chamber 41 during the use state of the burner 7 relative to the ambient pressure of the burner 7 gradually or controlled can be compensated.
  • these cuts 51 it is of course also possible to provide in the lower edge region of the attachment element 53 wart-like elevations 62 and thereby to provide discharge openings 49 for the overpressure in the hollow chamber 41.
  • an upper side 47 of the object 37 can also be protected from scratching or grinding marks when the burner head 21 is moved over the upper side 47 of the object 37 in a grinding manner.
  • This movement of the burner 37 can be performed, for example, in the formation of continuous seam welds between the sheets 61.
  • the flow channel 31 in the boundary element 42 or burner head 21 has a conically tapering or trumpet-shaped cross-sectional shape.
  • this flow channel 31 tapers progressively from the region of the holding part 18 in the direction of the tip of the electrode 27 or in the direction of the hollow chamber 41.
  • This gas closure is thus achieved in that the flow channel 31 between the central electrode 27 and the surrounding boundary element 42 in the direction of the object to be processed 37 or workpiece 38 is conically or trumpet-shaped tapered.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention in sectional view. Many components are identical to the parts already described and therefore the same reference numerals have been used for the same parts again. The respective parts of the description are therefore also correspondingly transferable.
  • the end region of the burner head 21 facing the object 37 to be treated has a recess 43 that is polygonal in cross-section.
  • the boundary surface 44 of the recess 43 is segmented viewed in cross-section and has a plurality of angularly extending partial surfaces.
  • the spatial form of the recess 43 or the shape of the demsellen reflector 45 is in turn selected such that a focusing or concentration of the thermal energy or of the generated in the hollow chamber 41 plasma is reached on the object to be machined on the object 37.
  • An opening width of the recess 43 in the burner head 21 increases continuously starting from an area closest to the electrode tip in the direction of an end region of the burner head 21 that is to be assigned to the object 37.
  • an opening width or an opening cross section of the recess 43 increases with increasing Distance to the electrode tip, as in the embodiments according to the Fig. 2 to 4 is clearly visible.
  • the illustrated hollow chamber 41 or recess 43 is thus the functional opposite of a nozzle arrangement.
  • a supply device 63 is also provided for supplying a filler material 64, for example a filler metal, as required.
  • This additional material 64 is melted in the operating state of the device 2 by the high thermal energy or by the plasma in the hollow chamber 41 and thus can be used to form a weld between two workpieces 38.
  • This filler metal penetrates into a joining region between the two workpieces 38 to be welded together and subsequently hardens.
  • the feed device 63 is formed by a bore in the boundary element 42 or in the burner head 21, via which the filler material 64, for example a welding wire, can be fed into the hollow chamber 41.
  • a counter electrode 67 to the primary electrode 27 is also formed on the burner head 21.
  • the counter electrode 67 is formed by an annular disc in the lower end region of the burner head 21.
  • This counter electrode 67 is formed of electrically conductive, high-temperature resistant material and is supplied via the electrical line 9 with the respective electrical potential.
  • the electrode 27 is connected via a coupling or plug-in device 70, if necessary releasably connected to the electrical line 8.
  • the flow channel 31 between the rod-shaped electrode 27 and the boundary element 42 in turn represents a constriction in the inflow channel 28 and a narrowed inlet for the gas 11 into the interior of the hollow chamber 41.
  • a secondary gas jacket 71 may be formed in the peripheral region of the burner head 21, wherein the gas jacket 71 between the outer surface of the Burner head 21 and the inner surface of the nozzle 72 is formed.
  • This gas jacket 71 can be provided to cool the burner head 21 and to create a protective gas jacket around the weld.
  • the recess 43 or the boundary element 42 is thereby also flowed around in the outer area by a suitable gas 11.
  • the discharge opening 49 can be created by maintaining a distance between the bottom of the burner head 21 and the top 47 of the object 37. Such an application of the burner 7 is easily possible, especially when used in combination with robots.
  • the end facing the object 37 has its own layer or ring as a thermal and / or electrical insulator 73. About this insulator 73 and the formation of unwanted electrical connections between the counter electrode 67 and the object 37 is prevented.
  • the workpiece 38 can serve as a counter electrode 67, in particular as an anode 68, so that the primary arc 40 between the tip of the electrode 27 and the object 37 burns.
  • the diameter of the boundary element 42 or the burner head 21 can be about 4 mm to about 40 mm depending on the required power.
  • the largest diameter of the recess 43 may be in conventional designs in relation to the heat energy to be provided between 3 mm to 30 mm.
  • the height of the recess 43 or the hollow chamber 41 may be approximately 1 mm to 20 mm depending on the selected electrode distance to the object surface.
  • FIG. 6 another embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention is shown in section.
  • like reference numerals are used and the respective parts of the description are transferable thereto.
  • This burner 7 or burner head 21 is designed primarily for processing angularly aligned workpieces 38. In particular, it is possible with this burner 7 to form a fillet weld between two angularly aligned sheets 61.
  • a supply device 63 for the controlled supply of a filler material 64, such as a welding wire, may be provided.
  • An essential feature of this embodiment is that the end faces 50 of the burner head 21 are not perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis 52, but obliquely, in particular acute angle to the longitudinal central axis 52 extend. This makes it possible to form a largely closed hollow chamber 41 around the angularly aligned workpieces 38.
  • the boundary surface 44 of the recess 43 in the boundary element 42 is again formed like a vault. In cross-section, this is represented by a concave recess 43 in the boundary element 42.
  • This boundary element 42 is that after the ignition of the arc 40, the plasma or the high thermal energy in the interior of the hollow chamber 41 can not escape immediately, but stored or concentrated over a comparatively long period of time and a premature escape in the environmental areas around the burner head 21 is held.
  • the burner head 21 can therefore also be regarded as a shielding device for surrounding areas.
  • this may also have a high-temperature-resistant coating or a film-like insert.
  • the boundary element 42 is formed from a thermally reasonably insulating material.
  • a base or core material for the burner head 21 can be used a copper material, which is provided at the required locations, in particular in the recess 43 with a ceramic coating. By partial cuts in this ceramic coating then the counter electrode 67 can be formed to build an auxiliary arc 66 or the arc 40.
  • boundary surface 44 of the recess 43 has poor adhesive properties for suspended components or spatter. This can be achieved by the smoothest possible interface 44.
  • a suitable non-stick coating may be provided.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a workpiece 38, which was produced by means of the device 2 according to the invention.
  • a circular aperture 74 was incorporated into at least one or more plates 61 lying one above the other.
  • the circular aperture 74 can be created especially when using a circular cross-section recess in the burner head 21. If the opening cross-section or the cross-section of the recess of the burner head 21 has different shapes, the aperture 74 produced with these burner heads 21 also takes on corresponding shapes. For example, it is possible to form approximately triangular, rectangular or polygonal openings 74 in objects 37. These openings 74 of almost any shape are created by concentrated irradiation of high thermal energy.
  • This thermal energy is localized by the correspondingly shaped boundary element and thus a high energy density in a confined space - similar to a laser welding device - provided.
  • the highly heated material of the workpiece 38 in the region bounded by the boundary element 42 drips or melts away from the comparatively cool edge regions, thereby creating the opening 74.
  • One possible form of the burner head 21 has been indicated by dashed lines.
  • Fig. 8 shows a diagram 75, which shows a preferred energy profile for the formation of an opening 74 according to Fig. 7 allows in an advantageous manner.
  • the current value I is plotted on the ordinate and the time t on the abscissa. From a corresponding characteristic curve 76, it can be seen that the current in an initial or warm-up phase 77 is kept largely constant at a specific current value. After a sufficiently high heat energy has acted on the object 37 during the warm-up phase 77, in a subsequent energy pulse 78, which is created for example by an increase in current and / or by a change of other parameters, for example the gas 11, a removal phase 79 for the previously heated material introduced.
  • a removal phase 79 for the previously heated material is created for example by an increase in current and / or by a change of other parameters, for example the gas 11.
  • the recess 43 viewed in longitudinal section through the burner head 21 can also have a largely circular segment-shaped cross-sectional shape.
  • An opening width 80 is chosen smaller than the maximum diameter of the spherical recess 43 in the boundary element 42.
  • This embodiment forms a hollow chamber 41, which allows a good buffering of the plasma or the thermal energy.
  • Fig. 10 shows another embodiment of the recess 43.
  • the interface 44 and the reflector 45 from a plurality of radii of curvature 81, 82 was composed.
  • These radii of curvature 81, 82 can have different values or even the same values.
  • the center points of the radii of curvature 81, 82 are arranged laterally offset from the longitudinal central axis 52, so that there is a distance 83 between the center points of the two radii of curvature 81, 82.
  • the transition region between the two radii of curvature 81, 82 is preferably formed by a larger radius or by a plane in whose center the electrode 27 projects into the recess 43.
  • Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of a recess 43 in the boundary element 42.
  • the wall portions of the recess 43 are aligned largely parallel to the longitudinal central axis 52 of the burner head 21. That is, the recess 43 has a largely cylindrical shape.
  • the transition region between the cylindrical wall surfaces of the recess 43 and the upper boundary surface thereof may be formed at right angles or, as shown in dashed lines, rounded.
  • the electrode 27 is arranged and preferably protrudes at least slightly into the interior of the recess 43.
  • Such a burner head 21 is particularly suitable for the production of apertures 74 or of so-called "welded holes", as is known Fig. 7 is apparent.
  • Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of an advantageous burner head 21.
  • the end region of the boundary element 42 or the recess 43 to be assigned to the object to be treated is wedge-shaped or trumpet-shaped in cross-section.
  • the end of the electrode 27 is placed in the tip region of this continuously widening recess 43.
  • the transition region between the flow channel 31 of the burner head 21 in the cavity 41 and in the recess 43 is again formed entangled.
  • This constriction in the transition region between the flow channel 31 and the cavity 41 in turn serves as a so-called gas closure or as a valve for throttling the remindströmvier.
  • the constriction in the transition region is preferably formed from the material of the boundary element 42.
  • the tip of the electrode 27 is preferably placed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Claims (34)

  1. Dispositif, en particulier torche destinée à produire un plasma de soudage, de découpe, de durcissement ou de stérilisation d'objets à usiner ou de matériaux à traiter, qui présente :
    au moins une électrode destinée à appliquer un potentiel de tension d'une source de courant pour établir au moins un arc lumineux sur le trajet qui relie une cathode et une anode formées par des électrodes de polarité différente, au moins l'une des deux électrodes (7) à polariser différemment ou au moins une partie du trajet (39) cathode-anode étant entourées ou englobées par au moins un élément de délimitation (42) qui présente une découpe (43) et qui forme une chambre creuse (41) en coopération avec la surface de l'objet, la chambre creuse (41) qui du côté de l'objet est délimitée directement par la surface de l'objet, étant configurée pour établir l'arc lumineux (40),
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour former la chambre creuse (41), l'élément de délimitation (42) présente en coupe des arêtes de délimitation incurvées, en particulier concaves.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la découpe (43) ménagée dans l'élément de délimitation (42) constitue une chambre creuse (41) en forme de dôme ou de coupole autour du trajet (39) cathode-anode.
  3. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la découpe (43) ménagée dans l'élément de délimitation (42) présente sa plus grande largeur d'ouverture dans une partie de bord ou d'extrémité frontale associée au matériau ou à l'objet (37) à traiter et forme la chambre creuse (41) en combinaison ou en coopération avec un matériau ou un objet (37) à traiter ou à usiner.
  4. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de délimitation (42) forme autour du trajet cathode-anode (39) une surface frontière (44) bombée spatialement.
  5. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface frontière intérieure (44) de l'élément de délimitation (42) constitue un réflecteur (45) et a pour effet une réflexion du rayonnement thermique et/ou une concentration du faisceau plasma sur le matériau ou l'objet (37) à traiter.
  6. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface frontière intérieure (44) de l'élément de délimitation (42) correspond très largement à la forme de la surface intérieure d'une sphère creuse divisée, par exemple divisée en deux.
  7. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de délimitation (42) présente une surface frontière (44) en forme de miroir parabolique.
  8. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la découpe (43) ouverte d'un côté ménagée dans l'élément de délimitation (42) forme une chambre de combustion, respectivement de décharge, pour un arc lumineux (40), respectivement un arc de lumière plasma, avec une surface intérieure, respectivement une surface frontière, de forme sphérique, et en ce que la découpe, respectivement la chambre creuse, ainsi formée est très largement fermée lorsqu'elle est associée à la surface d'un objet.
  9. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le point de concentration ou focal (56) défini par la surface de réflexion ou frontière (44) de l'élément de délimitation (42) est situé sur le côté supérieur (47), à l'intérieur ou en dessous de l'objet (37) à traiter.
  10. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une entaille (51) ou perforation qui permettent d'établir une communication d'écoulement entre l'espace intérieur de la chambre creuse (41) et la partie environnante du dispositif (2) sont formées dans l'élément de délimitation (42).
  11. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les entailles (51) ou perforations ménagées dans l'élément de délimitation (42) sont formées dans la bordure qui doit être associée à un objet (37) ou à une pièce (38).
  12. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs entailles (51) ou découpes sont disposées à intervalles angulaires constants et s'étendent radialement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal central (52) de l'élément de délimitation (42).
  13. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de délimitation (42) ou en variante un élément d'appui (53) disposé dans la bordure de l'élément de délimitation (42) est configuré pour s'appuyer directement sur le côté supérieur (47) d'un matériau ou d'un objet (37) à traiter.
  14. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'appui (53) ou la bordure de l'élément de délimitation (42) qui doit être associée à l'objet (37) à traiter présente une résistance thermique élevée et si possible ne provoque pas de traces de meulage ou de rayures sur l'objet (37) à traiter.
  15. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un système de réglage (55) est configuré pour modifier ou faire varier le point de concentration ou focal (56).
  16. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le système de réglage (55) est formé de moyens d'ajustement de la distance de l'élément de délimitation (42) par rapport à un matériau ou à un objet (37) à traiter.
  17. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le système de réglage (55) est formé par des moyens de modification de la surface frontière intérieure (44) ou de la surface intérieure de l'élément de délimitation (42).
  18. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le système de réglage (55) est formé par des moyens qui modifient si nécessaire la distance focale et/ou la taille de la lentille de soudage projetée.
  19. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des moyens sont formés pour modifier si nécessaire la section transversale d'ouverture ou de passage de l'entaille (51) ou des perforations.
  20. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de délimitation (42) est formé d'un matériau électriquement isolant.
  21. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend uniquement une électrode (27) qui sert de cathode (69) et en ce qu'il est prévu pour établir un arc lumineux (40) avec un matériau ou objet (37) qui sert d'anode (68).
  22. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (2) comprend à la fois une électrode (27) et une cathode (69) et au moins une autre électrode ou au moins une contre-électrode (67) qui sert d'anode (68).
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode qui sert d'anode (68) est disposée plus près du matériau ou de la pièce (38) à traiter que la cathode (69).
  24. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (27) qui sert de cathode (69) traverse le centre de l'élément de délimitation (42) dans le sens de sa longueur et en ce qu'une extrémité de l'électrode (27) ou une pointe d'électrode se termine à une distance (46) en avant de la bordure ouverte ou de la surface frontale (50) de l'élément de délimitation (42).
  25. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la distance (46) entre la pointe d'électrode et la bordure ou la surface frontale (50) de l'élément de délimitation (42) ou du côté supérieur (47) de l'objet à traiter (37) est de 0,05 mm à 1,0 mm et de préférence d'environ 0,2 mm.
  26. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pointe d'électrode a une forme conique.
  27. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pointe de l'électrode a une forme sphérique ou en goutte.
  28. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'entre l'électrode (27) et l'élément de délimitation (42) est formé au moins un canal d'écoulement (31) qui permet d'apporter de l'extérieur un gaz (11), par exemple de l'air, du CO2, de l'argon (Ar), de l'hélium (He), de l'oxygène (O2) et similaires ou encore un mélange de gaz dans la chambre creuse (41).
  29. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le gaz (11) peut sortir dans une zone située entre la pointe de l'électrode et la surface frontière intérieure (44) de l'élément de délimitation (42).
  30. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un interstice (34) entre l'électrode (27) et l'élément de délimitation (42) présente une largeur (36) de 0,5 mm à 1,5 mm et en ce que la longueur de l'interstice ou la longueur (35) du canal d'écoulement (31) situé entre l'électrode (27) et l'élément de délimitation (42) qui entoure cette électrode (27) avec un espace libre représente de 10 à 15 fois la largeur de l'interstice.
  31. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le canal d'écoulement (31) situé entre l'électrode centrale (27) et l'élément de délimitation (42) qui l'entoure se rétrécit coniquement en direction de l'objet (37) ou de la pièce (38) à usiner.
  32. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'amenée (63) est formé pour amener si nécessaire un matériau d'addition (64), par exemple un fil de soudure.
  33. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amenée (63) est formé par un alésage ménagé dans la tête (21) de la torche ou dans l'élément de délimitation (42).
  34. Dispositif selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (27) n'est pas fusible et est constituée d'un matériau qui résiste aux hautes températures, par exemple le tungstène ou un alliage approprié du tungstène.
EP01112776A 2000-05-30 2001-05-28 Dispositif, notamment torche, pour la production de plasma Expired - Lifetime EP1168896B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0094100A AT413253B (de) 2000-05-30 2000-05-30 Einrichtung, insbesondere brenner zur erzeugung von plasma
AT9412000 2000-05-30

Publications (3)

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EP1168896A2 EP1168896A2 (fr) 2002-01-02
EP1168896A3 EP1168896A3 (fr) 2005-12-21
EP1168896B1 true EP1168896B1 (fr) 2009-12-30

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DE (1) DE50115283D1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007018327U1 (de) * 2006-11-23 2008-08-07 Plasmatreat Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Plasmas
FR3079774B1 (fr) * 2018-04-06 2022-01-07 Addup Dispositif de chauffage localise pour appareil de fabrication additive

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3935418A (en) * 1974-04-17 1976-01-27 Sealectro Corporation Plasma gun including external adjustable powder feed conduit and infrared radiation reflector
SU1234104A1 (ru) * 1983-01-10 1986-05-30 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский,Проектно-Конструкторский И Технологический Институт Электросварочного Оборудования Плазменна горелка
SE444902B (sv) * 1983-09-29 1986-05-20 Adolf Gunnar Gustafson Skerbrennare
DE3524034A1 (de) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-08 Wilhelm Dinse Vorrichtung zum plasmaschneiden von metallischen werkstuecken
FR2609591B1 (fr) * 1987-01-13 1990-12-07 Soudure Autogene Francaise Coiffe pour torche de travail a l'arc et torche correspondante
DE3841325A1 (de) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-13 Umbert Schulz Als flachduese ausgebildete schutzgasduese fuer schutzgasschweissbrenner
US5023425A (en) * 1990-01-17 1991-06-11 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Electrode for plasma arc torch and method of fabricating same
US5334813A (en) * 1993-09-20 1994-08-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Adminstrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Metal inert gas welding system for use in vacuum

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Publication number Publication date
ATE454029T1 (de) 2010-01-15
ATA9412000A (de) 2005-05-15
DE50115283D1 (de) 2010-02-11
EP1168896A3 (fr) 2005-12-21
EP1168896A2 (fr) 2002-01-02
AT413253B (de) 2005-12-15

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