EP1166173A2 - Afficheur plat a cristaux liquides ameliore - Google Patents

Afficheur plat a cristaux liquides ameliore

Info

Publication number
EP1166173A2
EP1166173A2 EP00919647A EP00919647A EP1166173A2 EP 1166173 A2 EP1166173 A2 EP 1166173A2 EP 00919647 A EP00919647 A EP 00919647A EP 00919647 A EP00919647 A EP 00919647A EP 1166173 A2 EP1166173 A2 EP 1166173A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light emitting
emitting diodes
liquid crystal
crystal display
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00919647A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1166173B1 (fr
Inventor
Rick Johnson
Scott Wolfe
Keith Deutch
Scott Hoffman
Darrell Henke
Saied Barakchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
Honeywell International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell International Inc filed Critical Honeywell International Inc
Publication of EP1166173A2 publication Critical patent/EP1166173A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1166173B1 publication Critical patent/EP1166173B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133628—Illuminating devices with cooling means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/812—Signs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to liquid crystal display devices, and more particularly to backlighting of such liquid crystal display devices.
  • the liquid crystal display is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the LCD is made up of cells containing a thin layer of liquid crystal material between a plurality of segmentary electrodes.
  • An electric field applied between the electrodes of any one of the segmentary electrodes causes the liquid crystal material therebetween to align with the electric field, and the light that passes through the polarizer on one side of the liquid crystal material is absorbed by the polarizer on the opposing side of the material, such that the absorbing polarizer appears "on.”
  • LCD devices absorb or reflect ambient light impinging on the display face from outside the device. Therefore, ambient sun light or room light is required to view the display.
  • These passive LCD devices have advantages of low power consumption combined with low weight and cost. Generally, however, passive LCD devices are inefficient in low ambient light conditions or at night. Therefore, LCD devices intended for low light conditions use internally supplied supplemental illumination.
  • a simple supplemental illumination system one or more light sources, usually incandescent lamps, are placed behind the display, i.e., backlighting the display.
  • Incandescent lamps are placed behind the display, i.e., backlighting the display.
  • Incandescent lamps are placed behind the display, i.e., backlighting the display.
  • Incandescent lamps are placed behind the display, i.e., backlighting the display.
  • One disadvantage of these simple supplemental illumination systems is lack of uniformity in the illumination. Incandescent lamps create localized "hot spots" which reduce the display's readability. While an optical diffusion panel placed between the illumination source
  • florescent lamps are subject to the same unevenness in illumination from which incandescent lamps suffer.
  • florescent lamps present additional drawbacks.
  • more sophisticated LCD devices include the ability to adapt the display's light level to the ambient conditions.
  • Florescent lamps usually include a dimmer switch for adjusting the display brightness to a comfortable viewing level. Florescent lamps, however, require complex and expensive circuitry to adjust, or dim, the brightness of the supplemental internal illumination.
  • Another supplemental illumination configuration is side, or peripheral, lighting, which provides illumination at the sides of the display and uses a light guide to illuminate
  • the long-felt need for a practical low cost, thin or low profile, backlighted large display LCD device having long lamp life, a high degree of illumination uniformity and simple brightness adjustment circuitry has been unattainable due to the nonuniformity of illumination using either florescent or incandescent lamps to illuminate large displays, even when combined with optical diffusers or light guides; the complex circuitry required to adjust brightness using florescent lamps; and the relatively high cost of colored LEDs.
  • the long-felt need for such a practical low cost, thin or low profile, backlighted large display LCD device having white colored supplemental illumination sources has been unattainable due to the need to mix various differently colored LEDs to provide white side or back lighting.
  • the present invention overcomes display nonuniformity, display brightness control circuitry complexity, high cost, and short lamp life limitations of the prior art by providing a liquid crystal display device having essentially uniform backlighting in a flat panel display provided by multiple light emitting diodes mounted in backlighting relationship with a conventional liquid crystal display panel.
  • the light emitting diodes providing a mean-time-between-failures, or MTBF, estimated at ten times (10X) that of prior florescent lamps.
  • MTBF mean-time-between-failures
  • the illumination level or brightness of the light emitting diodes provided by the present invention is controlled by a relatively simple and less expensive circuit as compared with the circuit necessary for controlling the illumination level of the prior lamps.
  • the backlighted liquid crystal display device includes an optical chamber having two opposing spaced apart faces with a liquid crystal display panel mounted on one of the two faces and a printed circuit board mounted to the other of the two faces.
  • Multiple light emitting diodes are arranged in a two- dimensional spatially uniform row and column array across essentially the entirety of the surface of the printed circuit board which is mounted to the optical chamber.
  • the light emitting diode array thus mounted backlights the liquid crystal display.
  • the light emitting diodes radiate white light. Either each of the light emitting diodes radiates white colored light or the light emitting diodes are a mixture of light sources radiating in different ones of the three primary color bands, such that the combination of light emitting diodes generates white light.
  • the backlighted liquid crystal display device includes a brightness adjusting circuit electrically coupled to the light emitting diodes, the brightness adjusting circuit being relatively simple as compared with the complexity of a brightness adjusting circuit designed to control the light level of the florescent lamps of prior devices.
  • the backlighted liquid crystal display device includes a an optical diffusion panel mounted adjacent the light emitting diodes opposite the printed circuit board, i.e., between the light sources and the liquid crystal display panel. The optical diffusion panel forms a layered illumination assembly with the printed circuit board and light emitting diodes.
  • the backlighted liquid crystal display device includes an optional heat sink mounted adjacent said printed circuit board opposite said light emitting diodes.
  • the cooling function of the heat sink is performed by an optional fan mounted on or near the backlighted liquid crystal display device.
  • the surface of the printed circuit board having the light emitting diodes arranged thereon further includes a light- reflective finish formed thereon.
  • the internal surfaces of the optical chamber are also formed with a light-reflective finish.
  • the invention provides a layered illumination assembly for mounting in a backlighting relationship with a liquid crystal display panel in a liquid crystal display device.
  • the invention provides a two-dimensional arrangement of light emitting diodes mounted on one surface of a printed circuit board, the arrangement of light emitting diodes essentially filling the entirety of the surface; an optical diffusion panel mounted adjacent to the light emitting diodes opposite the printed circuit board; and an optional heat sink mounted adjacent the surface of the printed circuit board opposite the optical diffusion panel.
  • the invention provides a method of backlighting a liquid crystal display panel with white light using multiple light emitting diodes by mounting a liquid crystal display panel on one surface of an optical chamber; mounting the multiple light emitting diodes in a two-dimensional array essentially covering the surface of a printed circuit board, the light emitting diodes generating an essentially white colored light; mounting the printed circuit board on a surface of the optical chamber in a backlighting relationship to and spaced away from the liquid crystal display panel; and backlighting the liquid crystal display panel with an essentially uniform illumination.
  • the method of the invention also provides a heat dissipating device mounted in layered relationship with the printed circuit board opposite to the light emitting diodes; an optical diffusing device mounted in layered relationship with the printed circuit board and the heat dissipating device opposite the heat dissipating device; and a brightness adjusting circuit coupled to the light emitting diodes.
  • FIGURE 1 is an exploded view of the LCD device of the invention
  • FIGURES 2 is an exploded view of the LCD device of the invention from a direction opposite that shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the present invention is a large flat panel liquid crystal display, or LCD, device having essentially uniform white backlighted illumination using light emitting diodes, or LEDs.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 are exploded views of the LCD device 1 of the invention.
  • LCD device 1 includes a printed circuit board, or PCB, 10.
  • PCB 10 is generally an essentially flat panel having two mutually parallel opposing surfaces.
  • the surface on one side of PCB 10 has a white or other highly light-reflective surface finish deposited thereon.
  • the highly light-reflective surface finish one side of PCB 10 is, for example, a high-gloss white paint or a shiny metallic layer, such as aluminum, copper, nickel, gold or another such metal.
  • the illumination source 12 is formed on one side of
  • Illumination source 12 is preferably a large quantity of light emitting diodes, or LEDs. Such LED light sources are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,923,052, Light Emitting Diode, issued to Kim on July 13, 1999, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • illumination source 12 are distributed across the majority of the surface of PCB 10 in a spatially uniform two-dimensional array, for example, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,621,225, Light Emitting Diode Display Package, issued to Shieh et al. on April 15, 1997, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • illumination source 12 may include as many as 5,000 to 80,000 LED sources in spatially uniform orthogonal rows and columns.
  • illumination source 12 according to the present invention is used for backlighting an LCD display and so requires fewer LED sources, which considerably simplifies the drive circuit.
  • PCB 10 provides the connection or bond pads (not shown) to interconnect to the rows and columns of LED sources.
  • PCB 10 also includes semiconductor chips 13 or other conventional circuits containing the driver and control electronics having control signal output terminals interfaced with the LED sources for activating illumination source 12 in accordance with control signals applied via input terminals from a control interface (not shown).
  • the LED sources are integrated directly with the driver board, thereby minimizing size requirements for both the LED array and the driver, as described in above incorporated U.S. Patent No. 5,621,225.
  • Illumination source 12 radiates light at a wavelength perceived by the human eye as white-colored light using a predetermined mixture of LEDs radiating light in all three primary colors, i.e., in the red, green and blue light bands.
  • use of all three primary colors is used in a color display backlighted using florescent lamps, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,924,215, Flat Panel Color Display Comprising Backlight Assembly And Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Shutter Assembly, issued to Nelson on May 8, 1990, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention provides white light using an appropriate combination of differently colored LEDs, i.e., using a mixture of LEDs radiating the three primary colors.
  • illumination source 12 uses a quantity of LEDs radiating white- colored light.
  • illumination source 12 includes a quantity of organic light emitting diodes, or OLEDs, similarly distributed in a spatially uniform two-dimensional array.
  • OLED light sources are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,739,545, Organic Light Emitting Diodes Having Transparent Cathode Structures, issued to Guha et al. on April 14, 1998, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • OLED light sources are similarly either a predetermined mixture of sources radiating in the red, green and blue light bands or a quantity sources radiating white-colored light.
  • An optional light level adjusting circuit 14 also known as a dimming circuit and referred to hereinafter as a brightness adjusting circuit, is electrically coupled to light source 12 for adjusting the illumination intensity.
  • Brightness adjusting circuit 14 varies over a range the electrical power provided to illumination source 12.
  • brightness adjusting circuit 14 for use with illumination source 12 formed of LED or OLED sources is a relatively simple circuit as compared with a light level adjusting circuit for use with florescent lamps. This less complex circuitry results in a dramatic cost reduction over the prior devices.
  • the nature of LED and OLED sources is such that the light or radiation output is infinitely adjustable which results in a superior dimming or brightness control as compared with prior florescent devices.
  • Brightness adjusting circuit 14 is generally coupled to a control interface (not shown), presented in either hardware or software, available for input by a display operator or viewer. Adjustment of brightness adjusting circuit 14 adjusts the display brightness to suit the viewer under different ambient light conditions. In a preferred embodiment, brightness adjusting circuit 14 is mounted on an opposing side of PCB 10 from illumination source 12. However, those of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize that brightness adjusting circuit 14 may be mounted elsewhere, even remotely from illumination source 12 and PCB 10. PCB 10 is sized to fit into an optical chamber 16 having a liquid crystal display panel, or LCD panel, 18 mounted thereon.
  • optical chamber 16 is rectangular in shape as shown, but the invention is equally applicable to chambers having a different shape, such as square, round, elliptical, or another suitable shape.
  • Optical chamber 16 is provided with two substantially parallel mounting surfaces 16A and 16B which are spaced apart by the four side walls 16C, 16D, 16E and 16F forming optical chamber 16.
  • PCB 10 is mounted to one of spaced apart parallel mounting surfaces 16A and 16B.
  • PCB 10 operates in optical chamber 16 having highly reflective surfaces, thus the interior surfaces of side walls 16C through 16F of optical chamber 16 are preferably formed with a highly light-reflective finish, similar to that described above in connection with PCB 10.
  • Such reflective finish on the interior surfaces of optical chamber 16 increases the overall brightness and uniformity of the illumination by reflecting light rays directed toward the sidewalls of optical chamber 16 onto LCD panel 18.
  • illumination source 12 includes sufficient quantities of light emitting diode sources, either LEDs or OLEDs, arranged in sufficiently close proximity to one another that the generated light is sufficiently bright and uniform to illuminate the display essentially uniformly at appropriate light levels.
  • illumination source 12 provides superior display uniformity
  • an optional optical diffuser panel 20 is provided between illumination source 12 and LCD panel 18 to ensure display uniformity, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,861,990, Combined Optical Diffuser And Light Concentrator, issued to Tedesco on January 19, 1999, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Optical diffuser panel 20 common in backlighted LCD devices, convert light from lamp segments or discrete sources into a more uniform glow across the surface of LCD panel 18.
  • Such diffuser panels redirect incident radiation into multiple output rays that assist in filling the gaps otherwise visible between the discrete LED or OLED sources. The result is a more uniform illumination of LCD panel 18 over a relatively wide range of viewing angles.
  • Optical diffuser panel 20 is particularly useful when the invention is practiced using a relatively low count of LED or OLED sources, whereby lamp segments or discrete sources are visually detectable in illumination source 12.
  • Optical chamber 16 receives PCB 10 with the side having illumination source 12 mounted thereon facing toward LCD panel 18. If present, optional diffuser panel 20 is installed between PCB 10 and display 20.
  • LCD panel 18 is sized for mounting onto the other of two substantially parallel mounting surfaces 16A and 16B of optical chamber 16 opposite PCB 10. LCD panel 18 is of transmissive design, as is well known in the art.
  • LCD panel 18 is a conventional matrix type display using a light transmissive type of ferroelectric liquid crystal display formed of two transparent polarizers formed oppositely each other in crossed Nicols relationship with two transparent substrates arranged on the inner surfaces of the polarizers. Multiple parallel transparent conductive scanning electrode strips are formed on the inner surface of one transparent substrate and multiple orthogonally opposite parallel transparent conductive signal electrode strips are arranged on the inner surface of the opposing transparent substrate. A ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is formed between the transparent substrates and sealed therebetween. Drivers are connected respectively to the respective scanning electrodes for applying a voltage Vc thereto and drivers are connected respectively to the respective signal electrodes for applying a voltage Vs thereto.
  • the orthogonally opposing scanning electrode strips and signal electrode strips overlap to form discrete picture elements, or pixels.
  • the conventional backlighted LCD panel is operated by bringing different ones of the pixels into light transmissive and blocking states by applying the voltages Vc and Vs to corresponding electrodes.
  • a particular pixel becomes transparent and passes the light generated by illumination source 12 when one of equations (1) or (2) is satisfied for a time period of T seconds, or longer.
  • Vthi and Vth 2 are threshold voltages of the liquid crystal and T is a real number greater than zero.
  • a particular pixel becomes opaque or blocks the transmission of light by satisfying the other one of equations (1) and (2) for a similar time period of T seconds, or longer.
  • drive signals applied to a row and column activate a selected pixel.
  • Such a conventional matrix type display using a light transmissive type of ferroelectric liquid crystal display is described, for example, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,103,328, Liquid Crystal Display Having Light Shutter Elements Disposed Between The Backlight Source And The Display Panel, issued to Numao on April 7, 1992, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the control circuit supplies the drive signals.
  • preferred embodiments of the present invention include an optional heat sink device 22 for carrying heat generated by illumination source 12 and semiconductor chips 13 containing driver and control electronics.
  • Heat sink 22 preferably forms a layered assembly with PCB 10 sandwiched between optical diffuser panel 20 and heat sink 22, illumination source 12 parallel and in close proximity to diffuser panel 20 and both semiconductor chips 13 and brightness control circuit 14 fitting into a cavity 24 formed in one face of heat sink 22.
  • the layered assembly thus formed is mounted on one side of optical chamber 16 opposite and spaced away from LCD display 18.
  • heat generated by illumination source 12 is dissipated using a common fan device (not shown). The fan is either formed in combination with the other elements of the liquid crystal display device of the invention, or as a separate cooling unit on an electronics enclosure upon which the liquid crystal display device is mounted.
  • heat sink 22 is not limited to flat plate shown. Heat sink 22 is optionally equipped with conventional heat dissipating fins on a surface opposite the mount to PCB 10 to promote more efficient cooling.
  • the invention is equally applicable for use in automobile dashboards and aircraft cockpit displays.
  • the invention also has applications to many computing and entertainment applications where low cost liquid crystal displays are advantageous, for example, flat panel displays for laptop and palmtop computers. For at least these reasons, the invention is to be interpreted in light of the claims and is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein.

Abstract

Dispositif et procédé servant à éclairer par l'arrière un afficheur à cristaux liquides au moyen de diodes électroluminescentes.
EP00919647A 1999-04-05 2000-03-24 Afficheur plat a cristaux liquides ameliore Expired - Lifetime EP1166173B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12788699P 1999-04-05 1999-04-05
US127886P 1999-04-05
US384137 1999-08-27
US09/384,137 US6439731B1 (en) 1999-04-05 1999-08-27 Flat panel liquid crystal display
PCT/US2000/007977 WO2000060406A2 (fr) 1999-04-05 2000-03-24 Afficheur plat a cristaux liquides ameliore

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1166173A2 true EP1166173A2 (fr) 2002-01-02
EP1166173B1 EP1166173B1 (fr) 2004-02-11

Family

ID=26826057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00919647A Expired - Lifetime EP1166173B1 (fr) 1999-04-05 2000-03-24 Afficheur plat a cristaux liquides ameliore

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6439731B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1166173B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60008225T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000060406A2 (fr)

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WO2000060406A2 (fr) 2000-10-12
WO2000060406A3 (fr) 2001-03-08
US6439731B1 (en) 2002-08-27
EP1166173B1 (fr) 2004-02-11
DE60008225T2 (de) 2004-12-09
DE60008225D1 (de) 2004-03-18

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