EP1163510A1 - CALIBRATING A Nox-SENSOR - Google Patents

CALIBRATING A Nox-SENSOR

Info

Publication number
EP1163510A1
EP1163510A1 EP00910727A EP00910727A EP1163510A1 EP 1163510 A1 EP1163510 A1 EP 1163510A1 EP 00910727 A EP00910727 A EP 00910727A EP 00910727 A EP00910727 A EP 00910727A EP 1163510 A1 EP1163510 A1 EP 1163510A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nox
sensor
characteristic curve
internal combustion
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00910727A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Daetz
Hermann Hahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP1163510A1 publication Critical patent/EP1163510A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2474—Characteristics of sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2441—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by the learning conditions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/4175—Calibrating or checking the analyser

Definitions

  • the method relates to the determination of the NOx content of the exhaust gas by means of a NOx sensor and relates in particular to a method for calibrating and operating such a NOx sensor.
  • NOx sensors for determining the NOx content in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine are known in various forms and need no further explanation.
  • knowledge of the NOx content in the exhaust tract behind a NOx storage catalytic converter is necessary in order, for example, to be able to determine the point in time at which NOx can no longer be stored in the NOx storage device, i.e. the NOx storage is filled, so that a regeneration phase is necessary.
  • a catalytic converter in the exhaust tract of the at least occasionally lean-burn internal combustion engine, and behind this catalytic converter there is a measuring device which is able to measure the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, for example a NOx sensor.
  • the system also has an engine control unit that can process the measured NOx signal.
  • the display accuracy of the NOx sensors available today shows a different error measure from the actual actual value of the NOx concentration.
  • These individual inaccuracies in the characteristic curve of the sensor used lead to errors in the control behavior of the engine control unit, so that, for example, the degree of filling of the NOx store is not exactly recognized, as a result of which the regeneration is switched on too late, which leads to increased environmental pollution.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve the accuracy of the NOx sensor.
  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the NOx concentration of an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine by means of a NOx sensor, the sensor being calibrated by means of selected operating points. Exactly one selected engine operating point is preferably used. This enables the offset of the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor to be corrected. Furthermore, the slope of the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor can be corrected.
  • the present invention relates to a lean-burn internal combustion engine with a catalytic converter located in the exhaust tract and a NOx sensor and an engine control unit, the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor being calibrated using the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a lean-running
  • Fig. 2 shows the schematic representation of a sensor characteristic.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a lean-burn internal combustion system.
  • a lean-burn internal combustion engine 1 which is controlled by an engine management system 2, has an optional pre-catalytic converter 4 and a catalytic converter with NOx storage function 5 in its exhaust tract 3.
  • a NOx or lambda sensor 6 is arranged behind the catalytic converter 5, which measures the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas and outputs its measurement signal to the engine management system 2 via a line 7.
  • NOx sensors 6 available today have different characteristic curves, and depending on the manufacturer there is a different error measure of the actual actual value of the NOx concentration. These inaccuracies in the characteristic curve of the sensor 6 have, at least in the linear range, several causes which can be distinguished in the accuracy of the offset 8 and the accuracy of the slope 9 (sensitivity).
  • 2 shows a characteristic curve of a NOx sensor.
  • the sensor output signal OUT is shown in arbitrary units as a function of the NOx concentration NOx in ppm.
  • the characteristic curve which is linear in the region of interest has an offset 8 (intercept) and a slope 9.
  • an operating point (at least one operating point) of the engine 1 is used, at which the NOx concentration behind the catalytic converter 5 can be assumed with sufficient accuracy.
  • the NOx signal measured by sensor 6 is corrected with the assumed NOx concentration. For example, NOx concentration is not to be expected in the overrun fuel cutoff phases of engine 1, so that such an engine operating point can be used to calibrate NOx sensor 6.
  • the following point can also be used for calibration, for example: in a certain temperature range of the catalytic converter 5, for example at approximately 350 ° C., even for a severely damaged one the poisoned catalytic converter 5 is assumed to be almost 100% NOx storage in the catalytic converter 5 at least for a certain time, for example for 5-10 s, after a previous NOx regeneration while the engine 1 is idling due to the low NOx mass flow .
  • the actual value of the NOx concentration after the catalyst 5 then ranges between 0 and 5 ppm.
  • Such a point in time can therefore advantageously be used to calibrate the offset of the characteristic curve of a NOx sensor 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the concentration of NOx in the flow of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine using a NOx sensor, whereby the sensor is calibrated using selected operating points. Preferably, exactly one selected motor operating point is used.

Description

Kalibrierung eines NOx-Sensors Calibration of a NOx sensor
Das Verfahren bezieht sich auf die Bestimmung des NOx-Gehalts des Abgases mittels eines NOx-Sensors und betrifft insbesondere ein Verfahren zum Kalibrieren und Betreiben eines solchen NOx-Sensors.The method relates to the determination of the NOx content of the exhaust gas by means of a NOx sensor and relates in particular to a method for calibrating and operating such a NOx sensor.
NOx-Sensoren zur Bestimmung des NOx-Gehalts im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine sind in verschiedenartiger Form bekannt und bedürfen keiner näheren Erläuterung. Zur Einhaltung der NOx-Grenzwerte bei einem magerlauffähigen Verbrennungsmotor ist die Kenntnis des NOx-Gehalts im Abgastrakt hinter einem NOx-Speicherkatalysator notwendig, um beispielsweise den Zeitpunkt bestimmen zu können, an dem keine Einlagerung von NOx in dem NOx-Speicher mehr möglich ist, d.h. der NOx-Speicher gefüllt ist, so daß eine Regenerationsphase notwendig ist.NOx sensors for determining the NOx content in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine are known in various forms and need no further explanation. In order to comply with the NOx limit values in a lean-burn internal combustion engine, knowledge of the NOx content in the exhaust tract behind a NOx storage catalytic converter is necessary in order, for example, to be able to determine the point in time at which NOx can no longer be stored in the NOx storage device, i.e. the NOx storage is filled, so that a regeneration phase is necessary.
Dazu befindet sich üblicherweise im Abgastrakt des mindestens zeitweise magerlaufenden Verbrennungsmotors ein Katalysator, wobei sich hinter diesem Katalysator eine Meßeinrichtung befindet, die in der Lage ist, die NOx- Konzentration im Abgas zu messen, also beispielsweise ein NOx-Sensor. Ferner verfügt das System über eine Motorsteuerungseinheit, die das gemessene NOx-Signal verarbeiten kann.For this purpose, there is usually a catalytic converter in the exhaust tract of the at least occasionally lean-burn internal combustion engine, and behind this catalytic converter there is a measuring device which is able to measure the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, for example a NOx sensor. The system also has an engine control unit that can process the measured NOx signal.
Die Anzeigegenauigkeit der heute erhältlichen NOx-Sensoren weist je nach Hersteller ein unterschiedliches Fehlermaß vom tatsächlichen IST-Wert der NOx-Konzentration auf. Diese individuellen Ungenauigkeiten in der Kennlinie des verwendeten Sensors führen zu Fehlern im Steuerverhalten der Motorsteuereinheit, so daß beispielsweise der Füllungsgrad des NOx-Speichers nicht genau erkannt wird, wodurch die Regeneration zu spät eingeschaltet wird, was zu einer erhöhten Umweltbelastung führt.Depending on the manufacturer, the display accuracy of the NOx sensors available today shows a different error measure from the actual actual value of the NOx concentration. These individual inaccuracies in the characteristic curve of the sensor used lead to errors in the control behavior of the engine control unit, so that, for example, the degree of filling of the NOx store is not exactly recognized, as a result of which the regeneration is switched on too late, which leads to increased environmental pollution.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Genauigkeit des NOx-Sensors zu verbessern.The object of the invention is therefore to improve the accuracy of the NOx sensor.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der NOx-Konzentration eines Abgasstromes einer Brennkraftmaschine mittels eines NOx-Sensors, wobei der Sensor mittels ausgewählter Betriebspunkte kalibriert wird. Vorzugsweise wird genau ein ausgewählter Motorbetriebspunkt verwendet. Dadurch kann der Offset der Kennlinie des NOx-Sensors korrigiert werden. Ferner kann die Steigung der Kennlinie des NOx- Sensors korrigiert werden.This object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The present invention relates to a method for determining the NOx concentration of an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine by means of a NOx sensor, the sensor being calibrated by means of selected operating points. Exactly one selected engine operating point is preferably used. This enables the offset of the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor to be corrected. Furthermore, the slope of the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor can be corrected.
Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung einen magerlauffähigen Verbrennungsmotor mit einem sich im Abgastrakt befindlichen Katalysator sowie einem NOx-Sensor und einer Motorsteuerungseinheit, wobei die Kennlinie des NOx-Sensors mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kalibriert wird.Furthermore, the present invention relates to a lean-burn internal combustion engine with a catalytic converter located in the exhaust tract and a NOx sensor and an engine control unit, the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor being calibrated using the method according to the invention.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert.A preferred embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines magerlauffähigenFig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a lean-running
Brennkraftsystems, undInternal combustion system, and
Fig. 2 zeigt die schematische Darstellung einer Sensorkennlinie.Fig. 2 shows the schematic representation of a sensor characteristic.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch ein magerlauffähiges Brennkraftsystem. Ein magerlauffähiger Brennkraftmotor 1 , der von einem Motormanagement 2 gesteuert wird, weist in seinem Abgastrakt 3 einen optionalen Vorkatalysator 4 sowie einen Katalysator mit NOx- Speicherfunktion 5 auf. In Abgasströmungsrichtung hinter dem Katalysator 5 ist ein NOx- oder Lambda-Sensor 6 angeordnet, der die NOx-Konzentration der Abgases mißt und sein Meßsignal über eine Leitung 7 an das Motormanagement 2 abgibt.Fig. 1 shows schematically a lean-burn internal combustion system. A lean-burn internal combustion engine 1, which is controlled by an engine management system 2, has an optional pre-catalytic converter 4 and a catalytic converter with NOx storage function 5 in its exhaust tract 3. In the exhaust gas flow direction, a NOx or lambda sensor 6 is arranged behind the catalytic converter 5, which measures the NOx concentration of the exhaust gas and outputs its measurement signal to the engine management system 2 via a line 7.
Wie bereits oben erwähnt, weisen heute erhältliche NOx-Sensoren 6 unterschiedliche Kennlinien auf, wobei je nach Hersteller ein unterschiedliches Fehlermaß vom tatsächlichen IST-Wert der NOx-Konzentration gegeben ist. Diese Ungenauigkeiten in der Kennlinie des Sensors 6 haben, zumindest im linearen Bereich, mehrere Ursachen, die in der Genauigkeit des Offsets 8 und der Genauigkeit der Steigungs 9 (Empfindlichkeit) unterschieden werden können. Fig. 2 zeigt eine Kennlinie eines NOx-Sensors. Dargestellt ist das Sensorausgangssignal OUT in beliebigen Einheiten als Funktion der NOx-Konzentration NOx in ppm. Die in dem interessierenden Bereich lineare Kennlinie weist eine Offset 8 (Achsenabschnitt) sowie eine Steigung 9 auf.As already mentioned above, NOx sensors 6 available today have different characteristic curves, and depending on the manufacturer there is a different error measure of the actual actual value of the NOx concentration. These inaccuracies in the characteristic curve of the sensor 6 have, at least in the linear range, several causes which can be distinguished in the accuracy of the offset 8 and the accuracy of the slope 9 (sensitivity). 2 shows a characteristic curve of a NOx sensor. The sensor output signal OUT is shown in arbitrary units as a function of the NOx concentration NOx in ppm. The characteristic curve which is linear in the region of interest has an offset 8 (intercept) and a slope 9.
Zur teilweisen Kompensation zumindest der Offsetungenauigkeiten wird ein Betriebspunkt (mindestens ein Betriebspunkt) des Motors 1 herangezogen, bei dem die NOx-Konzentration hinter dem Katalysator 5 mit hinreichender Genauigkeit angenommen werden kann. Das vom Sensor 6 gemessene NOx-Signal wird mit der angenommenen NOx-Konzentration korrigiert. Beispielsweise ist in den Schubabschaltungsphasen des Motors 1 nicht mit NOx-Konzentration zu rechnen, so daß ein derartiger Motorbetriebspunkt zur Kalibrierung des NOx-Sensors 6 verwendet werden kann.For the partial compensation of at least the offset inaccuracies, an operating point (at least one operating point) of the engine 1 is used, at which the NOx concentration behind the catalytic converter 5 can be assumed with sufficient accuracy. The NOx signal measured by sensor 6 is corrected with the assumed NOx concentration. For example, NOx concentration is not to be expected in the overrun fuel cutoff phases of engine 1, so that such an engine operating point can be used to calibrate NOx sensor 6.
Für den Fall, daß es sich bei dem Katalysator 5 um einen NOx-Speicherkatalysator handelt, kann z.B. noch folgender Punkt zur Kalibrierung verwendet werden: in einem gewissen Temperaturbereich des Katalysators 5, beispielsweise bei ca. 350 °C, kann selbst für einen stark geschädigten der vergifteten Katalysator 5 zumindest für eine gewisse Zeit, beispielsweise für 5 - 10 s, nach einer vorangegangenen NOx- Regeneration im Leerlauf des Motors 1 aufgrund des niedrigen NOx-Massenstroms von einer nahezu 100 %-igen NOx-Einlagerung in den Katalysator 5 ausgegangen werden. Der IST-Wert der NOx-Konzentration nach dem Katalysator 5 bewegt sich dann zwischen 0 und 5 ppm. Ein derartiger Zeitpunkt kann daher vorteilhafterweise zur Kalibrierung des Offsets der Kennlinie eines NOx-Sensors 6 verwendet werden. In the event that the catalytic converter 5 is a NOx storage catalytic converter, the following point can also be used for calibration, for example: in a certain temperature range of the catalytic converter 5, for example at approximately 350 ° C., even for a severely damaged one the poisoned catalytic converter 5 is assumed to be almost 100% NOx storage in the catalytic converter 5 at least for a certain time, for example for 5-10 s, after a previous NOx regeneration while the engine 1 is idling due to the low NOx mass flow . The actual value of the NOx concentration after the catalyst 5 then ranges between 0 and 5 ppm. Such a point in time can therefore advantageously be used to calibrate the offset of the characteristic curve of a NOx sensor 6.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE SIGN LIST
1 Magerlauffähige Brennkraftmaschine1 lean-burn internal combustion engine
2 Motormanagement2 Engine management
3 Abgasanlage3 exhaust system
4 Vorkatalysator4 pre-catalytic converter
5 Katalysator mit NOx-Speicherfunktion5 Catalyst with NOx storage function
6 NOx-/Lambda-Sensor6 NOx / Lambda sensor
7 Verbindung7 connection
8 Offset8 offset
9 Steigung9 slope
OUT AusgangssignalOUT output signal
NOx[ppm] NOx-Konzentration in ppm NOx [ppm] NOx concentration in ppm

Claims

PATENTANS PRÜ C H E PATENTANS PRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der NOx-Konzentration eines Abgasstromes einer Brennkraftmaschine (1) mittels eines NOx-Sensors (6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sensor (6) mittels ausgewählter Betriebspunkte kalibriert wird.1. A method for determining the NOx concentration of an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine (1) by means of a NOx sensor (6), characterized in that the sensor (6) is calibrated using selected operating points.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß genau ein ausgewählter Motorbetriebspunkt verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that exactly one selected engine operating point is used.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Schubabschaltungsphase als Betriebspunkt zur Kalibrierung verwendet wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a fuel cut-off phase is used as the operating point for calibration.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Leerlaufzustand unmittelbar nach einer Regeneration eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators (5) als Betriebspunkt zur Kalibrierung verwendet wird.4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that an idle state immediately after regeneration of a NOx storage catalyst (5) is used as an operating point for calibration.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Offset (8) der Kennlinie des NOx-Sensors (6) korrigiert wird.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the offset (8) of the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor (6) is corrected.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steigung (9) der Kennlinie des NOx-Sensors (6) korrigiert wird.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slope (9) of the characteristic curve of the NOx sensor (6) is corrected.
7. Magerlauffähiger Verbrennungsmotor (1) mit einem sich im Abgastrakt (3) befindlichen Katalysator (5) sowie einem NOx-Sensor (6) und einer Motorsteuerungseinheit (2), wobei die Kennlinie des Sensors (6) mit dem Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche kalibriert wird. 7. lean-burn internal combustion engine (1) with a catalyst (5) located in the exhaust tract (3) and a NOx sensor (6) and an engine control unit (2), the characteristic curve of the sensor (6) using the method according to one of the preceding Claims is calibrated.
EP00910727A 1999-03-16 2000-02-28 CALIBRATING A Nox-SENSOR Ceased EP1163510A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999111664 DE19911664A1 (en) 1999-03-16 1999-03-16 Calibration of a NOx sensor
DE19911664 1999-03-16
PCT/EP2000/001663 WO2000055614A1 (en) 1999-03-16 2000-02-28 CALIBRATING A Nox-SENSOR

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1163510A1 true EP1163510A1 (en) 2001-12-19

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EP00910727A Ceased EP1163510A1 (en) 1999-03-16 2000-02-28 CALIBRATING A Nox-SENSOR

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1163510A1 (en)
JP (1) JP4535357B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1222768C (en)
DE (1) DE19911664A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000055614A1 (en)

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CN1343309A (en) 2002-04-03
JP4535357B2 (en) 2010-09-01

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