EP1160341B1 - Process and apparatus for hardening rails - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for hardening rails Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1160341B1
EP1160341B1 EP01890152A EP01890152A EP1160341B1 EP 1160341 B1 EP1160341 B1 EP 1160341B1 EP 01890152 A EP01890152 A EP 01890152A EP 01890152 A EP01890152 A EP 01890152A EP 1160341 B1 EP1160341 B1 EP 1160341B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
cooling
positioning elements
head
clamping means
Prior art date
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Revoked
Application number
EP01890152A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1160341A3 (en
EP1160341A2 (en
Inventor
Norbert Köck
Peter Pointner
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Voestalpine Rail Technology GmbH
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Voestalpine Schienen GmbH
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Application filed by Voestalpine Schienen GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Schienen GmbH
Priority to AT01890152T priority Critical patent/ATE306566T1/en
Publication of EP1160341A2 publication Critical patent/EP1160341A2/en
Publication of EP1160341A3 publication Critical patent/EP1160341A3/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C21D9/06—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails with diminished tendency to become wavy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/01—End parts (e.g. leading, trailing end)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/02—Edge parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for hardening rails or at least the rail head of the same by increased cooling with a Transformation of the structure from the austenitic to a desired, at Room temperature stable microstructure.
  • the invention comprises a device for hardening rails or at least the rail head of the same by increased cooling with a Transforming the structure from austenitic to a desired, at Room temperature stable microstructure consisting essentially of one Rail support means and a cooling device.
  • a cooling can be done by applying at least parts of the Rail surface with cooling medium, a so-called spray or spray cooling, or by at least partial immersion of the rail in a cooling bath take place, with an advantageous use of rolling heat to the prior art counting is.
  • US 368 132 relates to a method of manufacturing railroad tracks with higher strength and toughness by cooling after rolling. The rail will held during cooling by gripping jaws.
  • continuous flow devices (AT 323224 B, EP 186373 B1), cooling bed transport systems (DE 4237991 A1) and Dipping devices (DE 4003363 C1, AT 402941 B) for increased cooling of Rail or rail parts known.
  • alloys with a corresponding chemical Composition can be when using hardening process in the respective Facilities quite well rails with increased hardness and abrasion resistance Area of the road surface of the rail head and sufficient resistance to breakage produce.
  • the invention seeks to remedy and sets itself the goal of a method of specify the type mentioned above, with which a constant over the length Microstructure distribution in the rail cross-section is achieved and a high rail quality can be ensured.
  • the further object of the invention is to provide a device by means of which the local cooling intensity of the surface areas of the Cross-section over the rail length is kept equal.
  • the object is achieved in a method according to claim 1, that the Rail directed in the austenitic microstructure, positioned horizontally and is secured axially aligned against bending, which is clamped under Maintaining the clamping or bending protection of the rail and / or at least a part of the rail cross-section of a temperature, which is above the Ac3 point of the alloy, in a manner known per se cooled down at least temporarily and allowed to transform the structure become.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in that austenitic microstructure is judged and the rail then in Exogenous to the surface, heat is removed from the surface.
  • the rail During an intensified cooling of possibly parts of the Rail cross section, the rail remains trailed straight, which is the Constance of the specific cooling intensity in the axial direction is conducive.
  • Extensive research has shown that, albeit small Curvature of the rail during the intensified cooling of at least parts the same arise, change the local Acühlkurve in the surface area which allows the structural formation in the transformation from the austenitic State of the alloy is greatly affected.
  • Secures according to the invention a achsfluchtende horizontal clamping in a thermal annealing the Rail a consistent property profile of the material over the Cross section and over the rail length.
  • a particularly economical implementation of the method is achievable if a straightening, a positioning and a achsfluchtendes clamping the rail immediately after the last forming pass using the rolling heat respectively.
  • the further object of the invention is in a generic device according to claim 10 solved that the Schienenstützmitel as a supporting structure with one of Rail corresponding longitudinal extent and high resistance torque against bending as well as with positioning elements and / or releasable clamping means for a determination of the rail is formed.
  • the advantage of a bending and torsion-resistant support structure is one straight-line clamping of the rail, even if due to the different Mass distribution and / or different cooling intensity over the cross section at an intensified cooling bending forces are formed. Equally significant the advantages of a straight-line clamping in relation to the Coolant or coolant surface wetting, because so a precise alignment with desired areas of the rail with high Uniformity over the rail length is possible. Thus, for provided cross-sectional zones desired cooling rates and So that desired microstructures can be achieved with high accuracy.
  • the supporting structure as welded construction, at which at least three Positioning elements, preferably over the longitudinal extent at intervals of 0.5 m are each a positioning, horizontally aligned.
  • a simple and secure device is given when releasable clamping devices as Holds down formed for the voltage applied to the positioning rails are.
  • the releasable clamping means with alignment surfaces for Positioning of the rail are formed in the horizontal longitudinal axis direction.
  • the positioning and the Clamping means a reduced contact surface to the rail, for example a Wedge shape, exhibit.
  • the so-called "soft spots” or a Soft staining of the rail can be avoided.
  • the cooling device as a dip tank with a coolant is formed in a simple manner by addition of synthetic agents the Cooling intensity, which are effective on the submerged rail zones, set become.
  • a particularly simple device can be formed or created by retrofitting be if the support structure with a horizontally oriented Positioning elements having dip tank is connected and that the rail by means of clamping devices, for example hold-downs, to the positioning arms is adjustable.
  • clamping devices for example hold-downs
  • the clamping means as Hold-down weights formed and at least in the distal areas of the Be arranged rail.
  • FIG. 1 is a device for achsfrunenden clamping a Rail 1 shown in a hanging position.
  • a supporting structure 2 which from two box sections 22,21 is torsionally rigid, carries movable forceps-like positioning elements 3, 3 ', which are substantially horizontal Have contact surfaces 31, 31 'for a rail 1.
  • each one Clamping element 41 for example by a hydraulically actuated piston a Alignment of the rail to ensure which rail further by, for example, lowering the supporting structure 2 into a cooling device 5, For example, in a dip tank 51 m spent with a cooling liquid 52.
  • After at least partial cooling of at least a part of the rail 1 can this by lifting in the direction H of the support structure 2 from a cooling medium applied and upon release of the clamping means 4 'and the positioning elements. 3 be filed.
  • Fig. 2 shows a rail 1, which standing in a supporting structure 2 against Curved secured.
  • the given support structure 2 consists for example, from a lower and an upper frame box 21,22, which Box are connected to each other torsionally stiff.
  • To an offspring Clamping is carried out applying the rail 1 on positioning members 23 and a Closing of positioning elements 3,3 ', which oblique contact surfaces 31, 31' own, by pivoting example by hydraulic means. 6
  • a device according to the invention is disclosed, which laterally arranged frame members 21, 22 of the support structure 2 has. to Clamping a rail 1, which of positioning elements 3,3 'with Support surfaces 31,31 'is worn, are clamping means 4,4' about pivot points 42,42 ' pivoted and their contact surfaces 41, 41 'employed on the rail and so set the rail 1.
  • a relative movement H can be immersed the rail in a cooling medium 52 done.
  • FIG. 4 is again schematically a horizontal orientation of a rail. 1 shown.
  • a rail 1 is directed with the rail head 11 down in a dip tank 51 a cooling device 5 with a cooling liquid 52nd introduced and supported by Positionierlemente 3 arranged therein.
  • a hang-up of Hold-down weights 40 which are movable by holding means 42, on the Rail 1, wherein the positioning elements 3,3 'to form a small gap the contact surfaces 31,31 'can be lowered, for example, 0.5 mm.
  • a Lifting the hold-down weights 40 and raising the positioning 3,3 ' it can also be done lowering the cooling device 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Abstract

Process for hardening rails or a rail head comprises: leveling the rails in the austenitic state; and horizontally positioning and clamping to prevent bending. While maintaining the clamping position, the rails and/or a part of the rail cross-section are partially cooled from a temperature which lies above the Ac3 point of the alloy converting the structure from an austenitic structure to a room temperature stable microstructure. An Independent claim is also included for a device for hardening rails or a rail head comprising a rail supporting device formed as a support (2) with a longitudinal extension corresponding to the rail with positioning elements (3) and detachable clamps (4) for holding the rail.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Härten von Schienen oder zumindest des Schienenkopfes derselben durch verstärkte Kühlung mit einem Umwandeln des Gefüges von der austenitiscdhen in eine gewünschte, bei Raumtemperatur stabile Mikrostruktur.The invention relates to a method for hardening rails or at least the rail head of the same by increased cooling with a Transformation of the structure from the austenitic to a desired, at Room temperature stable microstructure.

Weiter umfaßt die Erfindung eine Einrichtung zum Härten von Schienen oder zumindest des Schienenkopfes derselben durch verstärkte Kühlung mit einem Umwandeln des Gefüges von austenitischen in eine gewünschte, bei Raumtemperatur stabile Mikrostruktur, bestehend im wesentlichen aus einem Schienenstützmittel und einer Kühlvorrichtung.Furthermore, the invention comprises a device for hardening rails or at least the rail head of the same by increased cooling with a Transforming the structure from austenitic to a desired, at Room temperature stable microstructure consisting essentially of one Rail support means and a cooling device.

Für den schienengebundenen Verkehr mit den steigenden Achslasten und einem dergleichen Verkehrsaufkommen sollten Schienen einerseits einen hohen Verschleißwiderstand im Bereich der Fahrbahnfläche und andererseits, der Biegebeanspruchung im Gleis wegen, eine hohe Bruchsicherheit aufweisen.For rail-bound traffic with the increasing axle loads and one Such traffic should be on the one hand a high Wear resistance in the area of the road surface and on the other hand, the Bending stress in the track due, have a high resistance to breakage.

Es ist bekannt, durch thermisches Vergüten des Werkstoffes bzw. mittels Umwandelns des Gefüges von der austenitischen in eine bei Raumtemperatur stabile Mikrostruktur bei zumindest zeitweiser verstärkter Kühlung, die Schiene und/oder den Schienenkopf zu härten (EP- 358362 A1, AT 402941 B, EP 186372 B, WO 94/02652).It is known by thermal quenching of the material or by means of Transforming the microstructure from austenitic to at room temperature stable microstructure with at least temporary enhanced cooling, the rail and / or to harden the rail head (EP-358362 A1, AT 402941 B, EP 186372 B, WO 94/02652).

Eine Kühlung kann durch Beaufschlagung von zumindest Teilen der Schienenoberfläche mit Kühlmedium, einer sogenannten Spritz- oder Sprühkühlung, oder durch zumindest teilweises Eintauchen der Schiene in ein Kühlungsbad erfolgen, wobei eine vorteilhafte Nutzung der Walzhitze zum Stand der Technik zu zählen ist. US 368 132 bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenbahnschienen mit höhererfestigkeit und Zähigkeit durch Kühlung nach dem Walzen. Die Schiene wird während der Kühlung durch Greifbacken festgehalten.A cooling can be done by applying at least parts of the Rail surface with cooling medium, a so-called spray or spray cooling, or by at least partial immersion of the rail in a cooling bath take place, with an advantageous use of rolling heat to the prior art counting is. US 368 132 relates to a method of manufacturing railroad tracks with higher strength and toughness by cooling after rolling. The rail will held during cooling by gripping jaws.

Je nach verwendetem Kühlverfahren sind Durchlaufeinrichtungen (AT 323224 B, EP 186373 B1), Kühlbett-Transportanlagen (DE 4237991 A1) und Tauchvorrichtungen (DE 4003363 C1, AT 402941 B) zur verstärkten Kühlung der Schiene oder von Schienenteilen bekannt.Depending on the cooling method used, continuous flow devices (AT 323224 B, EP 186373 B1), cooling bed transport systems (DE 4237991 A1) and Dipping devices (DE 4003363 C1, AT 402941 B) for increased cooling of Rail or rail parts known.

Bei einer Verwendung von Legierungen mit einer entsprechenden chemischen Zusammensetzung lassen sich bei Anwendung von Härteverfahren in den jeweiligen Einrichtungen durchaus Schienen mit einer erhöhten Härte und Abriebfestigkeit im Bereich der Fahrbahnfläche des Schienenkopfes und ausreichender Bruchsicherheit herstellen.When using alloys with a corresponding chemical Composition can be when using hardening process in the respective Facilities quite well rails with increased hardness and abrasion resistance Area of the road surface of the rail head and sufficient resistance to breakage produce.

Als großer Nachteil der bekannten Härteverfahren und der Kühleinrichtungen für Schienen ist eine mögliche Inhomogenität der Gefügeverteilung über den Querschnitt in Abhängigkeit von der Schienenlänge zu sehen. Mit anderen Worten ist der Flächenanteil des jeweiligen Vergütungsgefüges und/oder die Position der Gefügeanteile im Schienenquerschnitt über die Schienenlänge ungleich, so wirkt sich dies in zunehmendem Maße äußerst ungünstig auf die Schienengüte aus. Trotz genauer Einhaltung der Verfahrensparameter und präziser Regelung der Kühleinrichtungen können unerwartet Unterschiede in der Schienengüte auftreten, wobei bei einer äußerst aufwendigen Qualitätskontrolle auch einzelne Schienen, die den Qualitätsanforderungen nicht mehr entsprechen, anfallen.As a major disadvantage of the known hardening process and the cooling devices for Rails is a possible inhomogeneity of the structure distribution over the Cross section depending on the rail length to see. In other words is the area fraction of the respective compensation structure and / or the position of the Structure parts in the rail cross-section over the rail length unequal, so acts this is increasingly extremely unfavorable on the rail quality. In spite of Precise compliance with the process parameters and precise control of the Cooling equipment may unexpectedly experience differences in rail quality with an extremely complex quality control and individual rails, the no longer meet the quality requirements, incurred.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen und setzt sich zum Ziel, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit welchem eine über die Länge konstante Gefügeverteilung im Schienenquerschnitt erreicht wird und eine hohe Schienengüte sichergestellt werden kann.Here, the invention seeks to remedy and sets itself the goal of a method of specify the type mentioned above, with which a constant over the length Microstructure distribution in the rail cross-section is achieved and a high rail quality can be ensured.

Die weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht in der Schaffung einer Einrichtung, mittels welcher die örtliche Kühlintensität der Oberflächenbereiche des Querschnittes über die Schienenlänge gleichgehalten wird.The further object of the invention is to provide a device by means of which the local cooling intensity of the surface areas of the Cross-section over the rail length is kept equal.

Das Ziel wird bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 erreicht, daß die Schiene im austenitischen Gefügezustand gerichtet, horizontal positioniert und achsfluchtend gegen Biegung gesichert eingespannt wird, worauf unter Aufrechterhaltung der Einspannung bzw. Verbiegungssicherung der Schiene und/oder zumindest ein Teil des Schienenquerschnittes von einer Temperatur, welche oberhalb des Ac3- Punktes der Legierung liegt, in an sich bekannter Weise zumindest zeitweise verstärkt abgekühlt und das Gefüge umwandeln gelassen werden.The object is achieved in a method according to claim 1, that the Rail directed in the austenitic microstructure, positioned horizontally and is secured axially aligned against bending, which is clamped under Maintaining the clamping or bending protection of the rail and / or at least a part of the rail cross-section of a temperature, which is above the Ac3 point of the alloy, in a manner known per se cooled down at least temporarily and allowed to transform the structure become.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß im austenitischen Gefügezustand ein Richten erfolgt und der Schiene sodann im achsfluchtend eingespannten Zustand oberflächlich verstärkt Wärme entzogen wird. Während einer intensivierten Kühlung von gegebenenfalls Teilen des Schienenquerschnittes bleibt die Schiene achsgerade eingespannt, was der Konstanz der spezifischen Kühlintensität in Achsrichtung förderlich ist. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß, wenn auch nur geringe Krümmung der Schiene während der intensivierten Abkühlung von zumindest Teilen derselben entstehen, sich die örtliche Akühlkurve im Oberflächenbereich ändern kann, wodurch die Gefügeausbildung bei der Umwandlung aus dem austenitischen Zustand der Legierung in hohem Maße beeinflußt wird. Erfindungsgemäß sichert eine achsfluchtende horizontale Einspannung bei einem thermischen Vergüten der Schiene ein gleichbleibendes Eigenschaftsprofil des Werkstoffes über den Querschnitt und über die Schienenlänge.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in that austenitic microstructure is judged and the rail then in Exogenous to the surface, heat is removed from the surface. During an intensified cooling of possibly parts of the Rail cross section, the rail remains trailed straight, which is the Constance of the specific cooling intensity in the axial direction is conducive. Extensive research has shown that, albeit small Curvature of the rail during the intensified cooling of at least parts the same arise, change the local Acühlkurve in the surface area which allows the structural formation in the transformation from the austenitic State of the alloy is greatly affected. Secures according to the invention a achsfluchtende horizontal clamping in a thermal annealing the Rail a consistent property profile of the material over the Cross section and over the rail length.

Eine besonders wirtschaftliche Durchführung des Verfahrens ist erreichbar, wenn ein Richten, ein Positionieren und ein achsfluchtendes Einspannen der Schiene unmittelbar nach dem letzten Verformungsstich unter Nutzung der Walzhitze erfolgen.A particularly economical implementation of the method is achievable if a straightening, a positioning and a achsfluchtendes clamping the rail immediately after the last forming pass using the rolling heat respectively.

Anlagentechnisch, aber auch für eine gewünschte Gefügeverteilung über den Querschnitt, kann es günstig sein, wenn die Schiene stehend, wobei der Schienenkopf senkrecht nach oben gerichtet ist, eingespannt wird. Dabei ist von Vorteil, wenn der Schiene durch Spritzkühlung Wärme entzogen wird, wobei in Längsrichtung gesehen in den Oberflächenbereichen des Querschnittes symmetrisch zur Höhenachse der Schiene gleich hohe Kühlintensitäten verwendet werden.Plant technology, but also for a desired structure distribution over the Cross-section, it may be convenient if the rail is standing, with the Rail head is directed vertically upwards, is clamped. It is from Advantage, if the rail is extracted by spray cooling heat, in Seen in the longitudinal direction in the surface areas of the cross section used symmetrically to the height axis of the rail equal high cooling intensities become.

Um die Herstellsicherheit von Schienen mit gewünschten Eigenschaftsprofil zu erhöhen und besondere Abriebfestigkeit der Fahrfläche zu erreichen, kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Schiene hängend, wobei der Schienenkopf senkrecht nach unten gerichtet ist, eingespannt wird. Eine derartige Positionierung hat sich auch deshalb als günstig erwiesen, weil dadurch der Schiene oder nur dem Schienenkopf durch Tauchen in eine Kühlflüssigkeit Wärme entzogen wird.To the manufacturing reliability of rails with desired property profile too It can increase and achieve special abrasion resistance of the running surface be advantageous if the rail hanging, with the rail head perpendicular to is directed down, is clamped. Such a positioning has also Therefore proved to be favorable, because thereby the rail or only the rail head is removed by dipping in a cooling liquid heat.

Für eine geregelte Abkühlung auf eine gewünschte Temperatur mit hoher Kühlintensität des Kühlmediums und ein Unterbrechen der verstärkten Kühlung kann es umwandlungskinetisch von Vorteil sein, wenn die Kühlung der Schiene zeitlich und/oder örtlich, einen Oberflächenbereich des Querschnittes betreffend, intermittierend durchgeführt wird. Dabei kann es auch wichtig sein, wenn die Schiene nach der verstärkten Abkühlung ausgespannt, bei erhöhter Temperatur gehalten und/oder an ruhender Luft auf Raumtemperatur abkühlen gelassen wird.For a controlled cooling to a desired temperature with high Cooling intensity of the cooling medium and interrupting the increased cooling it can be conversion kinetically advantageous if the cooling of the rail temporally and / or locally, concerning a surface area of the cross-section, is carried out intermittently. It can also be important if the Rail stretched after the increased cooling, at elevated temperature and / or allowed to cool to room temperature in still air.

Eine Verwendung des Verfahrens, bei welchem ein Abkühlen oder Härten bzw. ein thermisches Vergüten der Schiene in voller Länge erfolgt, har sich im Hinblick auf besondere Gleichmäßigkeit und hohe Güte sowie einer Einstellung optimaler Gebrauchseigenschaften derselben als besonders günstig erwiesen.A use of the method in which a cooling or curing or a thermal tempering of the rail in full length, har with respect to particular uniformity and high quality and a setting optimal Use properties of the same proved to be particularly favorable.

Die weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 10 gelöst, daß das Schienenstützmitel als Tragkonstruktion mit einer der Schiene entsprechenden Längserstreckung und mit hohem Widerstandsmoment gegen Biegung sowie mit Positionierelementen und/oder lösbaren Spannmitteln für eine Festlegung der Schiene gebildet ist.The further object of the invention is in a generic device according to claim 10 solved that the Schienenstützmitel as a supporting structure with one of Rail corresponding longitudinal extent and high resistance torque against bending as well as with positioning elements and / or releasable clamping means for a determination of the rail is formed.

Der Vorteil einer verbiegungs-und verwindungssteifen Tragkonstruktion ist eine achsgerade Einspannung der Schiene, auch wenn auf Grund der unterschiedlichen Masseverteilung und/oder unterschiedlichen Kühlintensität über den Querschnitt bei einer intensivierten Abkühlung Biegekräfte gebildet werden. Ebenso erheblich sind die Vorteile einer achsgeraden Einspannung im Bezug auf die Kühlmittelbeaufschlagung oder Kühlflüssigkeitsbenetzung der Oberfläche, weil damit eine genaue Ausrichtung auf gewünschte Bereiche der Schiene mit hoher Gleichmäßigkeit über die Schienenlänge ermöglicht ist. Somit können für vorgesehene Querschnittszonen gewünschte Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeiten und damit gewünschte Gefügeausbildungen mit hoher Genauigkeit erreicht werden.The advantage of a bending and torsion-resistant support structure is one straight-line clamping of the rail, even if due to the different Mass distribution and / or different cooling intensity over the cross section at an intensified cooling bending forces are formed. Equally significant the advantages of a straight-line clamping in relation to the Coolant or coolant surface wetting, because so a precise alignment with desired areas of the rail with high Uniformity over the rail length is possible. Thus, for provided cross-sectional zones desired cooling rates and So that desired microstructures can be achieved with high accuracy.

Anlagentechnisch, aber auch im Hinblick auf die Verwendung kann es günstig sein, wenn die Tragkonstruktion als Schweißkonstruktion, an welcher mindestens drei Positionierelemente, vorzugsweise über die Längserstreckung in Abständen von 0,5 m jeweils ein Positionierelement, horizontal ausrichtbar angeordnet sind.In terms of plant technology, but also with regard to use, it can be beneficial if the supporting structure as welded construction, at which at least three Positioning elements, preferably over the longitudinal extent at intervals of 0.5 m are each a positioning, horizontally aligned.

Eine einfache und sichere Einrichtung ist gegeben, wenn lösbare Spannmittel als Niederhaltungen für die an den Positionierelementen anliegenden Schienen gebildet sind.A simple and secure device is given when releasable clamping devices as Holds down formed for the voltage applied to the positioning rails are.

Es ist auch vorteilhaft möglich, daß die lösbaren Spannmittel mit Ausrichtflächen zur Positionierung der Schiene in horizontaler Längsachsrichtung gebildet sind.It is also advantageous possible that the releasable clamping means with alignment surfaces for Positioning of the rail are formed in the horizontal longitudinal axis direction.

Um eine über die Länge der Schiene möglichst gleichmäßige Gefügestruktur zu erreichen bzw. um keine wesentliche Beeinflussung der örtlichen Kühlintensität zu bewirken, kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Positionierelemente und die Spannmittel eine verringerte Anlagefläche an die Schiene, zum Beispiel eine Keilform, aufweisen. Dadurch können die sogenannten "soft spots" bzw. eine Weichfleckigkeit der Schiene vermieden werden.To a about the length of the rail as uniform as possible microstructure or to significantly affect the local cooling intensity effect, it may be advantageous if the positioning and the Clamping means a reduced contact surface to the rail, for example a Wedge shape, exhibit. As a result, the so-called "soft spots" or a Soft staining of the rail can be avoided.

Bei sorgfältiger Düsenanordnung und/oder der Verwendung von im wesentlichen schwebstofffreiem Wasser kann es günstig sein, wenn die Kühlvorrichtung für die Schiene als Sprühstrecke mit Luft und/oder Wasser mit über die Längserstreckung gleicher Kühlintensität gebildet ist.With careful nozzle placement and / or the use of substantially Wastewater-free water can be beneficial if the cooling device for the Rail as spraying with air and / or water with over the longitudinal extent the same cooling intensity is formed.

Wenn hingegen die Kühleinrichtung als Tauchbecken mit einer Kühlflüssigkeit gebildet ist, kann auf einfache Weise durch Zusatz von synthetischen Mitteln die Kühlintensität, die auf die eingetauchten Schienenzonen wirksam sind, eingestellt werden.If, however, the cooling device as a dip tank with a coolant is formed in a simple manner by addition of synthetic agents the Cooling intensity, which are effective on the submerged rail zones, set become.

Wenn weiter die Einstellung derart gebildet ist, daß die Schienentragkonstruktion und die Kühleinrichtung in Richtung der Schienenvertikalen im Querschnitt relativ zueinander bewegbar sind, können Kühlzyklen und/oder eine Kühlung von Schienenteilen besonders effizient durchgeführt werden.Further, when the adjustment is made such that the rail support structure and the cooling device in the direction of the rail vertical in cross-section relative can be moved to each other, cooling cycles and / or cooling of Rail parts are carried out particularly efficiently.

Eine besonders einfache Einrichtung kann gebildet oder durch Nachrüstung erstellt sein, wenn die Tragkonstruktion mit einem horizontal ausgerichtete Positionierelemente aufweisenden Tauchbecken verbunden ist und daß die Schiene durch Spannmittel, zum Beispiel Niederhaltungen, an die Positionierlemene anstellbar ist. Dabei können in besonders einfacher Weise die Spannmittel als Niederhaltegewichte ausgebildet und zumindest in den distalen Bereichen der Schiene angeordnet sein.A particularly simple device can be formed or created by retrofitting be if the support structure with a horizontally oriented Positioning elements having dip tank is connected and that the rail by means of clamping devices, for example hold-downs, to the positioning arms is adjustable. Here, in a particularly simple manner, the clamping means as Hold-down weights formed and at least in the distal areas of the Be arranged rail.

Für eine quasi isotherme Wärmebehandlung ist von Vorteil, wenn die Einrichtung zur diskontinuierlichen Härtung von Schienen oder Querschnittsteilen derselben einsetzbar ist.For a quasi-isothermal heat treatment is advantageous if the device for the discontinuous hardening of rails or cross-sectional parts thereof can be used.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von jeweils einen Ausführungsweg darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.
Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine Einrichtung zum Tauchvergüten von hängenden Schienen mit senkrechter Anstellung des Spannmittels
  • Fig. 2 eine Einrichtung zum Sprühvergüten von stehenden Schienen
  • Fig. 3 eine Einrichtung mit drehender Anstellung des Spannmittels
  • Fig. 4 eine Einrichtung mit Niederhaltegewicht als Spannmittel
    • In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings illustrating an embodiment.
    Show it
  • Fig. 1 shows a device for Tauchvergüten hanging rails with vertical adjustment of the clamping device
  • Fig. 2 shows a device for Sprühvergüten of stationary rails
  • Fig. 3 shows a device with rotating employment of the clamping means
  • Fig. 4 shows a device with hold-down weight as a tensioning means

    • In Fig. 1 ist schematisch eine Einrichtung zum achsfluchtenden Einspannen einer Schiene 1 in einer hängenden Position gezeigt. Eine Tragkonstruktion 2, welche aus zwei Kastenprofilen 22,21 verwindungssteif gebildet ist, trägt bewegbare zangenartige Positionierelemente 3, 3', welche im wesentlichen horizontale Anlageflächen 31, 31' für eine Schiene 1 besitzen. Nach einem Einbringen der Schiene 1 und Schließen der Positionierelemente 3,3' kann jeweils ein Spannelement 41, beispielsweise durch einen hydraulisch betätigbaren Kolben eine achsfluchtende Einspannung der Schiene sicherstellen, welche Schiene weiters durch beispielsweise ein Absenken der Tragkonstruktion 2 in eine Kühleinrichtung 5, zum Beispiel in ein Tauchbecken 51 m it einer Kühlflüssigkeit 52 verbracht wird. Nach zumindest teilweiser Abkühlung zumindest eines Teiles der Schiene 1 kann diese durch Anheben in Richtung H der Tragkonstruktion 2 aus einem Kühlmedium ausgebracht und bei Lösen des Spannmittels 4' und der Positionierelemente 3 abgelegt werden.In Fig. 1 is a device for achsfluchtenden clamping a Rail 1 shown in a hanging position. A supporting structure 2, which from two box sections 22,21 is torsionally rigid, carries movable forceps-like positioning elements 3, 3 ', which are substantially horizontal Have contact surfaces 31, 31 'for a rail 1. After an introduction of the Rail 1 and closing the positioning elements 3,3 'can each one Clamping element 41, for example by a hydraulically actuated piston a Alignment of the rail to ensure which rail further by, for example, lowering the supporting structure 2 into a cooling device 5, For example, in a dip tank 51 m spent with a cooling liquid 52. After at least partial cooling of at least a part of the rail 1 can this by lifting in the direction H of the support structure 2 from a cooling medium applied and upon release of the clamping means 4 'and the positioning elements. 3 be filed.

    Fig. 2 zeigt eine Schiene 1, welche stehend in einer Tragkonstruktion 2 gegen Biegung gesichert eingespannt ist. Die gegebene Tragkonstruktion 2 besteht beispielsweise aus einem unteren und einem oberen Rahmenkasten 21,22, welche Kasten miteinander verwindungssteif verbunden sind. Zu einer achsfluchtenden Einspannung erfolgt ein Aufbringen der Schiene 1 auf Positionierteile 23 und ein Schließen von Positionierelementen 3,3', welche schräge Anlageflächen 31, 31' besitzen, durch Einschwenken beispielsweise durch hydraulische Mittel 6.Fig. 2 shows a rail 1, which standing in a supporting structure 2 against Curved secured. The given support structure 2 consists for example, from a lower and an upper frame box 21,22, which Box are connected to each other torsionally stiff. To an offspring Clamping is carried out applying the rail 1 on positioning members 23 and a Closing of positioning elements 3,3 ', which oblique contact surfaces 31, 31' own, by pivoting example by hydraulic means. 6

    In Fig. 3 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung offenbart, welche seitlich angeordnete Rahmenelemente 21, 22 der Tragkonstruktion 2 aufweist. Zur Einspannung einer Schiene 1, welche von Positionierelementen 3,3' mit Auflageflächen 31,31' getragen wird, werden Spannmittel 4,4' um Drehpunkte 42,42' geschwenkt und deren Anlageflächen 41, 41' auf den Schienenfuß angestellt und derart die Schiene 1 festgelegt. Durch eine Relativbewegung H kann ein Eintauchen der Schiene in ein Kühlmedium 52 erfolgen.In Fig. 3, a device according to the invention is disclosed, which laterally arranged frame members 21, 22 of the support structure 2 has. to Clamping a rail 1, which of positioning elements 3,3 'with Support surfaces 31,31 'is worn, are clamping means 4,4' about pivot points 42,42 ' pivoted and their contact surfaces 41, 41 'employed on the rail and so set the rail 1. By a relative movement H can be immersed the rail in a cooling medium 52 done.

    In Fig. 4 ist wiederum schematisch eine horizontale Ausrichtung einer Schiene 1 dargestellt. Eine Schiene 1 wird mit dem Schienenkopf 11 nach unten gerichtet in ein Tauchbecken 51 einer Kühlvorrichtung 5 mit einer Kühlflüssigkeit 52 eingebracht und durch darin angeordnete Positionierlemente 3 abgestützt. Zur Einspannung in einer achsgeraden horizontalen Position erfolgt ein Auflegen von Niederhaltegewichten 40, welche durch Haltemittel 42 bewegbar sind, auf die Schiene 1, wobei die Positionierelemente 3,3' zur Bildung eines geringen Spaltes an den Anlageflächen 31,31' von beispielsweise 0,5 mm abgesenkt werden können. Zum Austrag der Schiene 1 aus der Kühlvorrichtung 5 erfolgt beispielsweise ein Abheben der Niederhaltegewichte 40 und ein Hochfahren der Positionierelemente 3,3'. Es kann jedoch auch ein Absenken der Kühlvorrichtung 5 erfolgen.In Fig. 4 is again schematically a horizontal orientation of a rail. 1 shown. A rail 1 is directed with the rail head 11 down in a dip tank 51 a cooling device 5 with a cooling liquid 52nd introduced and supported by Positionierlemente 3 arranged therein. to Clamping in an axis-straight horizontal position is a hang-up of Hold-down weights 40, which are movable by holding means 42, on the Rail 1, wherein the positioning elements 3,3 'to form a small gap the contact surfaces 31,31 'can be lowered, for example, 0.5 mm. To discharge the rail 1 from the cooling device 5, for example, a Lifting the hold-down weights 40 and raising the positioning 3,3 '. However, it can also be done lowering the cooling device 5.

    Claims (20)

    1. Method for hardening rail heads by intensified cooling with a transformation of the austenitic structure, in which the rail of length greater than 50 m is aligned in the austenitic structure state, positioned horizontally and, axially aligned, is securely clamped against bending in at least three positions along the rail in the region of a base and a surface of the rail foot lying opposite thereto in the direction of the rail head, following which the rail head is at least temporarily intensively cooled from a temperature lying above the Ac3 point of the alloy while maintaining the clamping and securing the rail head against bending, and the austenitic structure is allowed to transform into a desired microstructure that is stable at room temperature and over the length of the rail a constant structure distribution is created in the rail cross-section, in which the positioning elements comprise bearing surfaces for the surfaces aligned towards the head of the rail, and the releasable clamping means comprise bearing surfaces for the oppositely-lying surface of the foot of the rail.
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that a straightening, a positioning and an axially aligned clamping of the rail take place immediately after the last deformation pass, utilising the rolling heat.
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rail is clamped standing, the head of the rail being aligned perpendicularly upwards.
    4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rail is clamped suspended, the head of the rail being aligned perpendicularly downwards.
    5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the rail is cooled by spray cooling, wherein viewed in the longitudinal direction, uniformly high cooling intensities are used in the surface regions of the cross-section symmetrically with respect to the height axis of the rail.
    6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the rail is cooled by immersion in a cooling liquid.
    7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the cooling of the rail is carried out intermittently over time and/or location, as regards a surface region of the cross-section.
    8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the rail is unclamped after the intensified cooling and, optionally after holding at elevated temperature, is allowed to cool in still air to room temperature.
    9. Use of the method according to claims 1 to 8 for an intensified cooling or hardening of rails of length greater than 90 m.
    10. Device for the hardening of rails and/or of the rail head of the latter by intensified cooling with a transformation of the structure from the austenitic structure to a desired microstructure that is stable at room temperature, said device consisting substantially of a rail supporting means and a cooling device, in which the rail supporting means is formed as a carrying structure (2) with a length of greater than 50 mm corresponding to the rail (1), with box-shaped profile sections (21, 22) and with a high moment of resistance against bending, as well as, in at least three positions along the rail, with positioning elements (3) and releasable clamping means (4) for a securement of the rail (1), in which the positioning elements (3, 3') comprise bearing surfaces (31, 31') for the surfaces aligned towards the head of the rail and the releasable clamping means (4, 4') comprise bearing surfaces (41, 41') for the oppositely-lying surface of the foot of the rail.
    11. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the carrying structure (2) is formed as a welded structure, on which positioning elements (3) that can be horizontally aligned are arranged at intervals of 0.5 m over the whole length.
    12. Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that releasable clamping means (4) are formed as holding-down means (40) for the rail (1) lying on the positioning elements (3).
    13. Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the releasable clamping means (4) are formed with alignment surfaces (41, 41') for the positioning of the rail (1) in the horizontal longitudinal axial direction.
    14. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the positioning elements (3) and the clamping means (4) have a reduced bearing surface on the rail (1), for example a wedge-shaped surface.
    15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that the cooling device (5) for the rail (1) is formed as a spray section (50) with air and/or water (52, 52', 52") with a uniform cooling intensity over the whole length.
    16. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that the cooling device (5) is formed as an immersion tank (51) containing a cooling liquid (52).
    17. Device according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterised in that the rail carrying structure (2) and the cooling device (5) can be moved relative to one another in the direction of the rail verticals in cross-section.
    18. Device according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterised in that the carrying structure (2) is connected to an immersion tank (51) comprising horizontally aligned positioning elements (3) and that the rail (1) can be adjusted on the positioning elements (3) by clamping means (4), for example holding-down devices (40).
    19. Device according to claim 18, characterised in that the clamping means (4) are designed as holding-down weights (40) and are arranged at least in the end regions of the rail (1).
    20. Device according to one of claims 10 to 19, characterised in that it is of a suitable length for hardening rails that are more than 90 m long.
    EP01890152A 2000-05-29 2001-05-22 Process and apparatus for hardening rails Revoked EP1160341B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    AT01890152T ATE306566T1 (en) 2000-05-29 2001-05-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HARDENING RAILS

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    AT0093900A AT409268B (en) 2000-05-29 2000-05-29 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HARDENING RAILS
    AT9392000 2000-05-29

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    EP1160341A2 EP1160341A2 (en) 2001-12-05
    EP1160341A3 EP1160341A3 (en) 2004-01-02
    EP1160341B1 true EP1160341B1 (en) 2005-10-12

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    EP (1) EP1160341B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2002047516A (en)
    KR (1) KR100512401B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1180097C (en)
    AT (2) AT409268B (en)
    AU (1) AU778188B2 (en)
    BR (1) BR0102154B1 (en)
    CA (1) CA2349321C (en)
    CZ (1) CZ299001B6 (en)
    DE (1) DE50107654D1 (en)
    DK (1) DK1160341T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2247050T3 (en)
    HR (1) HRP20010411B1 (en)
    HU (1) HU223348B1 (en)
    PL (1) PL197258B1 (en)
    RU (1) RU2226557C2 (en)
    SK (1) SK286764B6 (en)
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    BR0102154A (en) 2002-02-13
    SK286764B6 (en) 2009-05-07
    CN1327074A (en) 2001-12-19
    TW499335B (en) 2002-08-21
    CZ299001B6 (en) 2008-04-02
    HUP0102212A3 (en) 2003-06-30
    AU4618701A (en) 2001-12-06
    UA76693C2 (en) 2006-09-15
    US6432230B1 (en) 2002-08-13
    CA2349321A1 (en) 2001-11-29
    PL197258B1 (en) 2008-03-31
    ES2247050T3 (en) 2006-03-01
    HU0102212D0 (en) 2001-08-28
    HUP0102212A2 (en) 2002-01-28
    JP2002047516A (en) 2002-02-15
    RU2226557C2 (en) 2004-04-10
    ATE306566T1 (en) 2005-10-15
    DK1160341T3 (en) 2006-02-27
    EP1160341A3 (en) 2004-01-02
    HRP20010411A2 (en) 2001-12-31
    HU223348B1 (en) 2004-06-28
    AT409268B (en) 2002-07-25
    PL347667A1 (en) 2001-12-03
    SK7202001A3 (en) 2001-12-03
    DE50107654D1 (en) 2005-11-17
    ATA9392000A (en) 2001-11-15
    KR20010109135A (en) 2001-12-08
    CN1180097C (en) 2004-12-15
    EP1160341A2 (en) 2001-12-05
    KR100512401B1 (en) 2005-09-06
    BR0102154B1 (en) 2011-02-22
    AU778188B2 (en) 2004-11-18
    CA2349321C (en) 2010-01-26
    HRP20010411B1 (en) 2011-03-31

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