EP1159795A1 - Procede de controle de la qualite d'un signal audionumerique diffuse avec un programme audiovisuel - Google Patents
Procede de controle de la qualite d'un signal audionumerique diffuse avec un programme audiovisuelInfo
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- EP1159795A1 EP1159795A1 EP00909432A EP00909432A EP1159795A1 EP 1159795 A1 EP1159795 A1 EP 1159795A1 EP 00909432 A EP00909432 A EP 00909432A EP 00909432 A EP00909432 A EP 00909432A EP 1159795 A1 EP1159795 A1 EP 1159795A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/86—Arrangements characterised by the broadcast information itself
- H04H20/88—Stereophonic broadcast systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/12—Arrangements for observation, testing or troubleshooting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling the quality of a digital audio signal distributed by broadcasting a video or audio program.
- the digital audio coding methods used by broadcasting services have made it possible to reduce the amount of information to be transmitted per program, and consequently to increase the number of programs broadcast. by television channels.
- this reduction can lead to an irremediable loss of the quality of the information, that is to say of the sound, compared to the source.
- the extent of the faults introduced depends on the bit rate allocated to the encoder, the complexity of the sound signal, as well as the problems associated with signal transmission.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the abovementioned methodologies by implementing a method for controlling the quality of a fully automated digital audio signal, in the absence of the use of a reference source.
- Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of an automated method for controlling the quality of a digital audio signal capable of being implemented continuously or pseudocontinuously, the pseudo-continuous nature of this implementation.
- work being understood to be a periodic implementation with a sufficiently low repetition period to assure users the perception of a television broadcast with constant qualities during the television broadcast of one or more successive programs.
- Another object of the present invention is also the implementation of a method for controlling the quality of a continuous digital audio signal making it possible, moreover, from separate quality control processes for this signal, since they relate to separate faults of this signal, to ensure overall quality control, resulting in unparalleled listening comfort to date of broadcast programs.
- the method for controlling the quality of a digital audio signal, object of the present invention is remarkable in that it consists, on a mono- or stereophonic digital audio signal, in detecting in this digital audio signal at least one of the signals parasites such as brief cut, hiss, buzzing and relative phase shift of the left and right channels of this digital audio signal, which makes it possible to generate an alarm signal in the presence of at least one of the parasitic signals.
- the step consisting in detecting in this digital audio signal a parasitic signal such as a brief cut-off consists in detecting on a series of successive samples of this digital signal a rapid decrease in the level energy of this digital audio signal to zero energy, thereby revealing an absence of reverberation of this digital audio signal.
- the step consisting in detecting in this digital audio signal a spurious signal such as a whistling sound consists in detecting in this digital signal a sudden and transient increase in the spectral energy of this digital audio signal in a frequency band whose low frequency is between 4.5 kHz and 6.5 kHz and whose high frequency can reach up to 20 kHz.
- the step consisting in detecting, in this digital audio signal, a parasitic signal such as a humming consists in detecting in this parasitic signal a pink noise in a frequency band between 0 and 1100 Hz and of substantially constant level in this frequency band.
- the step consisting in detecting, in this digital audio signal, a spurious signal such as a phase shift between channels of the digital audio signal consists in calculating the value of phase shift between channels of the digital audio signal from the intercorrelation function of the digital audio signal present on each of the channels and to compare the calculated phase shift value with a threshold value.
- the step consisting in discriminating the mono- or stereophonic mode of the transmitted signal consists in detecting sudden and brief changes in context of the mono- or stereophonic mode of the transmitted or reciprocal signal. - ment, from a comparison of the energies of the right and left channels.
- the method for controlling the quality of a digital audio signal which is the subject of the present invention finds application to any type of digital audio signal subjected to a coding, transmission and then decoding process, the coding / decoding operations being able to be assimilated to operations. compression / decompression, in particular to digital broadcasting signals such as DAB, or to signals of the audio frequency channel of a digital television signal for example.
- compression / decompression in particular to digital broadcasting signals such as DAB, or to signals of the audio frequency channel of a digital television signal for example.
- FIG. 2b shows, by way of non-limiting example, a general flowchart illustrating the steps allowing the implementation of the method object of the present invention, in a variant of Figure 2a in which a detection of the monophonic or stereophonic character of the transmitted digital audio signal is carried out;
- FIG. 3a shows, by way of nonlimiting example, a general flowchart illustrating the steps allowing the implementation of the method object of the present invention, in a nonlimiting variant in which an overall quality of the signal is highlighted;
- FIG. 3b represents, by way of nonlimiting example, a general flowchart illustrating the steps allowing the implementation of the method which is the subject of the present invention, in a variant of that illustrated in FIG. 3a and in which orders of separate priorities are introduced for the various spurious signals which may affect the digital audio signal;
- FIG. 3c represents, by way of nonlimiting example, a process for the specific management of the orders of priority assigned to the spurious signals such as the hissing, phase shift and buzzing, which can be implemented in the context of the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 3a or 3b;
- FIG. 4 shows, by way of nonlimiting example, a flowchart relating to the process of discrimination of the monophonic or stereophonic character of the transmitted digital audio signal
- FIG. 5a shows, by way of illustration, a process capable of being implemented to ensure the detection of a brief cut in the digital audio signal
- Figure 5b shows, by way of illustrative example, a flow diagram relating to the steps allowing the implementation of the detection of a brief cut in the digital audio signal, in accordance with the process illustrated in Figure 5a;
- - Figure 6a shows, by way of non-limiting example, a process capable of being implemented to ensure the detection of a whistling sound affecting the digital audio signal
- - Figure 6b shows, by way of illustrative example, a flow diagram relating to the steps allowing the implementation of the detection of a whistling affecting the digital audio signal, in accordance with the process illustrated in Figure 6a
- - Figure 7a shows, by way of nonlimiting example, a process capable of being implemented to ensure the detection of a hum affecting the digital audio signal;
- FIG. 7b represents, by way of nonlimiting example, a flowchart relating to the steps allowing the implementation of the detection of an affected hum both the digital audio signal, according to the process illustrated in Figure 7a;
- FIG. 8a represents, by way of illustration, a flowchart relating to the steps allowing the implementation of the detection of a phase shift affecting the right and left channels of the digital audio signal;
- FIG. 8b shows, by way of non-limiting example, a detail of implementation of a step in the flow diagram of Figure 8a;
- - Figure 8c shows, purely by way of illustration, a calculation step implemented in the context of the method, object of the present invention, shown in Figure 8b;
- FIG. 9 shows a device according to the object of the invention.
- the digital audio signal On reception, the digital audio signal is first demultiplexed DMUX then subjected to a decompression process which restores the programs, the programs subjected to successive operations of compression, mul- tiplexing, transmission, demultiplexing, decompression, that is to say in fact coded / decoded digital audio programs, denoted Pr,, Pr 2 , Pr 3 , are then subject to distribution to users.
- the digital audio signal is subdivided into frames comprising for example, for MPEG1 LU type compression, 1152 samples and the length of the frame transmitted depends on the compression rate or coding rate used.
- the coded frame comprises synchronization bits S yr ⁇ c , error correction code bits CRC and finally the digital audio data bits proper.
- the aforementioned digital audio signal for each program considered Pri to Pr 3, is either a monophonic signal or a stereophonic signal.
- the signal is monophonic, this signal is present identically on the right and left channels of the digital audio channel, if necessary to the nearest phase shift value.
- the signal is stereophonic, each left and right channel of the digital audio channel transmits its own digital audio signal in order to restore the conditions of recording in the studio.
- the method for controlling the quality of a digital audio signal in distribution is implemented on a coded / decoded digital audio signal, that is to say subject to all of the successive treatments described in connection with FIG. 1. It will now be described firstly in connection with FIGS. 2a and 2b. As shown in FIG. 2a, the method which is the subject of the present invention is applied to the signal previously mentioned coded / decoded digital ion, designated by
- this signal corresponding to the programs Pr,, Pr 2 , Pr 3 , mentioned above.
- the method which is the subject of the present invention, consists in detecting in this digital audio signal at least one of the spurious signals such as signal of short cut, hiss, buzzing, relative phase shift of the left and right channels of this digital audio signal. It is recalled that the parasitic signal of short cut is designated by "mute" in English language.
- FIG. 2a there is shown, purely by way of illustration, the operations for detecting a short cut signal at step 101, for detecting a whistling sound at step 102, for detecting a hum at step 103 and detection of a phase shift in step 104, the phase shift being understood of course to a relative phase shift between the left and right channels G, D, of the audio-digital channel.
- the detection of these spurious signals preferably means a detection independent of each of them, the detection operation being able to allow the establishment of a logic variable representative of the presence, respectively of the absence of this spurious signal.
- the corresponding logical variables are denoted Pj . , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 for the operations 101, 102, 103, 104 for detecting the aforementioned spurious signals, the complemented values of these logic variables representing the absence of a spurious signal for example.
- the detection of at least one of the aforementioned signals makes it possible to generate an alarm signal, this operation being shown in steps 105, 106 of Figure 2a.
- the signal A control signal of a power alarm signal
- the signal A can for example correspond as represented in step 105, in a logical combination OR of the 'all of the signals P lr P 2 , P 3 , P 4 , the actual power alarm signal, such as a sound, visual or other signal, being emitted in the following step 106.
- the detection of one of the aforementioned signals allows for example the emission of the alarm signal considered.
- the operator of the broadcasting network is then made aware of the existence of a parasitic signal significantly disturbing the conditions of broadcasting and may therefore take any action to modify, for example, either the coding of the transmission channel, or any operation it deems necessary.
- the method which is the subject of the present invention can also consist in discriminating the mode of mono or stereophonic transmission of the ADS digital audio signal.
- the method which is the subject of the present invention can then comprise a step 100 consisting in discriminating the mono or stereophonic character of the above-mentioned ADS signal.
- this step of discriminating the mono or stereo character of the ADS signal is carried out before the implementation of steps 101, 102, 103, 104 of the spurious signals.
- step 104 consisting in detecting the relative phase shift between the channels left and right of the digital audio channel.
- the signals P 4 and P ′ 4 can be logic signals subjected to different phase shift value conditions depending on whether the signal is mono- or stereophonic.
- the alarm control signal Ai, A 2 then makes it possible to generate the power signal in step 106 as mentioned previously in the description.
- the method which is the subject of the present invention must preferably allow the implementation of an overall quality control of the ADS digital audio signal.
- overall quality of the audio signal meric is understood to mean a quality allowing the best listening comfort for users, taking into account the nature of the spurious signals and of course, where appropriate, the mono- or stereophonic nature of the digital ADS audio signal transmitted.
- the aforementioned parasitic signals may, depending on the transmission conditions, not have the same importance relative to the degradation introduced on the listening conditions of the transmitted digital audio signal.
- the method, object of the present invention in order to establish an overall quality control of the digital audio signal, can consist, over a sliding time window of determined length, c '' i.e. on a series of successive samples of the digital audio signal observed on this sliding window, to be carried out in combination with different operations aimed at weighting the relative value of each parasitic signal detected with respect to the degradation introduced under the conditions listening.
- the method which is the subject of the present invention can then consist in counting the number of occurrences N M of spurious short-cut signals during a duration T M of observation of this digital audio signal and to compare the number of occurrences N M with a determined threshold value S M.
- a comparison test of the final incremented value N M is carried out in step 101c with respect to the aforementioned threshold value S M.
- a fault signal Pi * is then generated, this fault signal corresponding to a degradation of the overall quality of the digital audio signal.
- the method according to the invention also consists in counting the number of occurrences N s of hissing parasitic signals for a duration T s of observation of the digital audio signal ADS and in compare the number of occurrences N s to a determined threshold value S s .
- the parasitic whistling signal step 102a designates the initialization of N s to the value zero
- 102b designates the incrementation of N s to the value N s +1
- 102c designates the comparison of N s to the threshold value S s .
- a logic signal P 2 * corresponding to the degradation of the overall quality of the signal by a hissing noise is then generated.
- the process which is the subject of the present invention consists in operating in the same way for the parasitic humming noise and the phase shift noise. Under these conditions, as shown in FIG. 3a, it consists in detecting for a duration ⁇ D , the phase shift value ⁇ and the number of occurrences having to be at least equal to N D of these phase shift values over a determined number D of phase shift calculations and then comparing the calculated phase shift value ⁇ with a determined threshold value S D.
- the method which is the subject of the invention consisting in counting the number of occurrences N B of parasitic buzzing signals for a duration ⁇ B of observation of this digital audio signal and comparing the number of occurrences N B with a threshold value S B.
- 103a denotes the initialization of the value N B to the value zero, 103b the incrementation of this value N B a the value N B +1, 103c designating the comparison of the number of occurrences of buzzing N B with the determined threshold value S B.
- a signal P 3 * of the presence of a buzzing signal affecting the overall quality of the digital audio signal is generated.
- 104a designates the initialization of N D to the value zero
- 104b designates the incrementation of N to the value N D + 1
- 104c designates the comparison of the calculated phase shift value ⁇ with the determined threshold value S D.
- a signal P 4 * is generated, which represents the presence of a parasitic phase shift signal affecting the overall quality of the ADS signal.
- each signal resulting from the comparison tests 101c, 102c, 103c and 104c plays substantially the same role as regards the implementation of the control signal alarm A in step 105.
- the step consisting in transmitting the alarm signal is preferably conditioned to an order of priority of the crossing of the aforementioned threshold values.
- FIG. 3b Such a preferred embodiment is now described in connection with FIG. 3b.
- the same references naturally designate the same elements as in the case of FIG. 3a.
- conditioning to an order of priority of the crossings of each of the aforementioned parasitic signals can for example be carried out by favoring one of the parasitic signals.
- the spurious short-cut signal Pi * is considered more annoying than one or the other of the spurious signals P 2 *, P 3 * or P 4 * relating to the hissing noises , buzzing, respectively phase shift.
- the alarm control signal A can verify the logical relationship:
- A Pi * AND (P 2 * OR P 3 * OR P 4 *).
- decreasing priority orders can be allocated to the aforementioned crossing by the numbers of occurrences of the spurious signals as a function of the decreasing relative importance of these signals relative to the degradation of the overall quality of listening to the digital audio signal.
- the spurious short-cut signal is considered to be a priority for example.
- the embodiment of FIG. 3c can correspond, without limitation, to a specific management of the parasitic signals of hissing P 2 *, of buzzing P 3 * or of phase shift P 4 * in the mode of embodiment of FIG. 3b, the brief cut-off signal being considered to have maximum priority.
- the method can consist, in one step, 200 of observing ver the hiss noise in a sliding time window of duration T s, then, at step 201, to carry out a detection at least S s wheezing during the observation period.
- these operations 200 and 201 can correspond to operations 102, 102a, 102b, 102c in FIG. 3b.
- the parasitic signal P 2 * is generated.
- step 203 the detection of the phase shift in step 203 can be made conditional on the absence of a parasitic whistling signal, that is to say on the negative response to the test 201 cited above.
- the phase shift is calculated D times over the duration T D.
- a step 205 is performed in which a phase shift value ⁇ appears N D times on the determined calculation number D.
- the comparison of the value of ⁇ at the threshold value S D is carried out in step 206.
- Steps 203, 205 and 206 can correspond to steps 104, 104a, 104b and 104c of FIG. 3b.
- the signal P 4 * is then generated.
- Step 204 is carried out, which consists in detecting the parasitic hum signal.
- Step 204 can correspond to steps 103, 103a, 103b and 103c of FIG. 3b.
- the method is then updated for the next series of samples of the digital audio signal ADS.
- the parasitic hum signal P 3 * is generated, this signal capable of generating the alarm control signal A.
- step 105 represented in FIG. 3b the management of the block of the aforementioned parasitic signals with their corresponding relative priorities can be carried out either in accordance with step 105 represented in FIG. 3b, or, if necessary, in accordance with step 105 represented in FIG. 3a.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b the step 100 for detecting the mono- or stereophonic character of the digital audio signal ADS has not been shown so as not to overload the drawing. It is understood that in the examples of implementation of the method which is the subject of the present invention according to FIGS. 3b and 3c, the detection of the mono- or stereophonic character of the signal can be carried out. Different modes of implementation of processes for detecting spurious signals and of the mono- or stereophonic character of the ADS digital audio signal previously mentioned will now be described in conjunction with FIG. 4 and the following figures.
- FIG. 4 relates to a specific procedure for detecting the mono- or stereophonic character of the aforementioned digital audio signal.
- the step consisting in discriminating the mode of mono- or stereophonic transmission of the digital audio signal ADS consists in detecting sudden and brief changes of context of mono- or stereophonic mode of transmission, or vice versa, by comparing the energy variations of the two left and right channels.
- the discrimination of the mono- or stereophonic mode of transmission can comprise, for each successive series of samples of rank n, each series of samples being determined by a cut in sequences of N samples at a step 300 on the left and right channels of the digital audio signal ADS, a step 301 for calculating the respective energies of the right and left channels of the transmission signal, these energies being denoted E n , g for the left channel and E n , d for the right channel.
- the index n denotes the rank of the current series of samples considered.
- This step 302 is itself followed by steps 303, 304 and 305, which allow the calculation of a binary variable C n , context variable representative of the transmission context in mono- or stereophonic mode.
- Step 303 consists in comparing the value of the ratio of the energies M n to a first and a second threshold value, denoted Seuili respectively Threshold 2 , according to the relation Seuili ⁇ M n ⁇ Threshold 2 .
- the context variable C n is assigned in step 304 the value 0 representative of a monophonic mode context, and the context variable C n is on the contrary assigned the value 1 otherwise, in step 305.
- the value 1 of the context variable C n is representative of a stereophonic mode context.
- the context verification step previously mentioned is then constituted for example, as shown in FIG. 4, by a step 306 consisting in performing on a determined number of successive samples the calculation of a cumulative value of the binary variables of context C n successive on a number C of sample sequences consecutive tillons. This cumulation is representative of the arithmetic sum of the context variables over the number C of series of samples. Step 306 is then followed by a step 307 consisting in comparing, by comparison of superiority, the value of this sum, that is to say the value of this accumulation, with a limit value, denoted Limi te, constituting a reference value.
- the mode of transmission of the digital audio signal ADS is assigned the stereophonic mode, while on negative response is assigned to this mode of transmission the monophonic mode.
- the operating mode of the process described in connection with FIG. 4 can be justified in the following manner.
- the difference between the energies of the two left and right channels is not zero.
- the distance between the energy of each right and left channel is calculated. The respective energies can then verify the relationship:
- D n / 1 and G n , ⁇ represent the value of the amplitude of each sample of rank i of the series of samples of rank n of the digital audio signal ADS.
- the context variable C n is then summed over a number C of successive series of samples during the context verification operation.
- the transmission mode is then reophonic if the sum of the context variables is at least equal to the limit value constituting the reference value.
- the number of each series of samples N can be between 256 and 1024 samples
- the threshold values, Seuili and Threshold 2 can be between:
- a brief cut is a very brief interruption of the digital audio signal constituting digital silence, the digital audio signal ADS being in this case replaced by zeros or very low values due to a transmission problem, such as loss of synchronization for example, preventing the decoder, that is to say the decompression operator, from reconstructing the series of samples constituting the digital audio signal.
- FIG. 5a which represents the amplitude of the samples of the digital audio signal for a sequence of jazz music transmitted and collected at the edge of the service area, a brief cutoff, or Mute, is characterized by a total absence of sound for several milliseconds, 25 ms in FIG. 5a.
- any sound intended to be listened to has a minimum of reverberation.
- the reverberation phenomenon is a phenomenon due to the multiple reflections of sound on the walls such as the walls and ceilings surrounding any sound source. This reverberation phenomenon still exists, even, but to a lesser extent, in free field.
- the step consisting in detecting in the digital audio signal ADS a spurious signal such as a short cut consists in detecting on a series of successive samples of this signal digital a rapid decrease in the energy level of this digital audio signal to zero energy.
- a spurious signal such as a short cut
- the step consisting in detecting in the digital audio signal that a spurious signal such as a brief cut includes a step consisting in determining separately on each left and right channel of the digital audio channel, for a plurality of sequences of N successive samples, the average energy E n of the signal transported by this channel, n denoting the rank of each sequence of samples.
- a step 400 which is followed by a step 401 of calculating the time energy E n of the series of samples considered.
- x [i] represents the temporal sample of rank i of the series of N samples, n denoting the rank of this series of samples.
- the time windows that is to say the sequences of successive samples, are without overlap.
- Step 401 of FIG. 5b is then followed by a step 402 consisting of comparing the evolution of the average energy for sequences of N successive samples, step 402 possibly corresponding, for example, to a verification of an inferiority relation of the value of the average energy E n to the value Seuili.
- E n -) - designates the neighboring average energy (s).
- step 402 If on the contrary, the response to the comparison step 402 is negative, the process is repeated by returning to step 401 for a series of samples of rank n + 1 by the return loop 404.
- the value of each energy mean E n is then stored for a plurality of successive series of samples in order to allow the calculations to continue.
- the short cuts correspond to digital rests of length multiple of 1152 digital samples.
- the comparison in step 403 can be carried out by calculating the value:
- ⁇ E lO.LOGio [E n _ 2 ] -31. If the value ⁇ E is greater than zero, ⁇ E> 0, then there is a spurious short cut signal.
- the presence of such a spurious signal corresponds to a sudden and transient increase in the spectral energy of the digital audio signal. only over a relatively wide frequency band not exceeding 15 to 16 kHz.
- the step consisting in detecting in the audio-digital signal ADS a spurious signal such as a whistling sound consists in detecting in this digital audio signal a sudden and transient increase in the spectral energy of this digital audio signal in a frequency band whose low frequency is between 4.5 and 6.5 kHz and whose high frequency can reach up to 20 kHz.
- This parasitic whistling signal is caused by errors in the error correcting code when reconstructing the series of digital audio samples.
- a specific embodiment of a process for detecting spurious hiss signals will now be described in connection with FIG. 6b, this process being based on the detection of variations in spectral energy of the digital audio signal.
- step 500 is subdivided into a step 500a of cutting the signal into sequences of rank n each comprising N samples, the samples of each sequence being designated by e (i).
- step 500a is followed by step 500b consisting in calculating the average time energy of each sequence sequence
- step 500d consists in comparing according to a comparison of superiority the ratio of the energy of the current sequence to the energy of an immediately neighboring, non-adjacent sequence, of rank n-2, at a second threshold value, Threshold 2 , according to the relationship:
- the process is brought back to the step of calculating the average temporal energy, the energy of the current sequence and of the neighboring sequence being similar.
- step 500 On a positive response to the comparison of the test 500d, the average energy of two neighboring frames being increasing, and the ratio greater than the second threshold value, the whistling detection process is continued, step 500 having been satisfied.
- the aforementioned step 500 is then followed by a step consisting in calculating on a series of samples of the digital audio signal the spectral composition of this signal defined as the value of frequency components in frequency sub-bands central f lr the value of the frequency components being designated by S n (i), n denoting the rank of the series of samples considered.
- the values S n (i) have a bandwidth ⁇ f.
- the aforementioned step is carried out and represented in FIG.
- step 502 the frequency value is limited in this spectrum to a value beyond the value F kHz, that is to say the value 4.5 kHz, and the interval 4.5 kHz is split up to '' at 20 kHz in frequency ranges of multiple width from ⁇ f kHz.
- Step 502 is followed by a step 503 consisting in searching for the sub-band ⁇ f of maximum energy in each of the aforementioned ranges, defined previously in step 502.
- This sub-band ⁇ f is denoted S n (imax ) and allows to center all the ranges defined in step 502 around the maximum energy sub-band considered.
- Step 503 is itself followed by a step 504 consisting in calculating the average energy of each range centered around the maximum energy band for the series of samples of rank n considered.
- step 504 the energy of each range is noted E n (sb) and verifies the relation:
- Step 504 is then followed by a step 505 consisting in calculating the ratio between the energy E n (sb) of the ranges for the current series of samples and for a plurality of previous sequences, E n - S (sb) of successive samples.
- E n (sb) the energy of the ranges for the current series of samples and for a plurality of previous sequences.
- s indicates the temporal past relating to s frequency spectra relating to a given number of series of corresponding samples.
- step 505 is itself followed by a step 506 consisting in calculating a hearing contrast value, denoted C n / S b.
- the value of auditory contrast checks the relationship:
- step 506 the auditory contrast C n , sb is compared with a first whistle threshold value, denoted Si, by comparison of superiority.
- a return step 508 brings back to the series of samples of rank n + 1 following and in particular to step 501 of calculating the spectrum of the signal by Fourier transform.
- a step 507 is provided, which consists in calculating a proximity parameter denoted P n , sb verifying the relation:
- Step 507 then includes a step of comparing the proximity parameter P n , Sb with a second whistle threshold value S 2 , P n , sb> S 2 .
- a return loop 509 makes it possible to return to step 501 of calculating the spectrum of the signal by Fourier transform for the following series of samples of rank n + 1.
- the presence of a hissing parasitic signal is revealed.
- step 510 the presence of the parasitic whistling signal is revealed in step 510 if the comparisons of superiority of the auditory contrast value C n , sb and of the proximity parameter Pn, sb with respect to the first threshold If respectively of the second threshold S 2 are both verified.
- the signal spectrum calculation in step 501 can be performed from fast Fourier transforms.
- the maximum of the energy of a sub-band of given rank is sought.
- the ranges are then refocused around the frequency, that is to say the rank i supporting this maximum, and the averages of the energy E n (sb) are calculated for the series of samples of rank n considered.
- the evolution of the energy for each of these new ranges is observed from the ratio R n (sb) and the auditory contrast criterion C n , Sb is then calculated by observing the behavior of the aforementioned ratio with respect to the neighborhood .
- the presence of a hiss is checked if the hearing contrast value is greater than the first threshold value and if the proximity parameter is greater than the second threshold value.
- v indicates the index of neighboring ranges of the same spectrum S n relative to the same series of samples n
- p denotes the number of sub-bands on either side of the maximum not taken into account in the calculation of the contrast value and k denotes the number of ranges.
- the calculation of the Fourier transforms can be carried out over a length ranging from 256 to 4096 samples, the minimum overlap being from 25 to 75%.
- the ranges have a frequency width ⁇ f e [500 Hz, 1500 Hz], the temporal past of observation tion est se [1,4] in number of successive spectra, that is to say of sequences of successive samples.
- the method which is the subject of the present invention can also consist in carrying out a step of filtering the spectral components into sub-bands not audible to the human ear. Under these conditions, this operating mode makes it possible to take into account the psycho-acoustic properties of the digital audio signal, the energy spectra being previously multiplied by the absolute hearing threshold, according to the formulation of the French standard ISO 226 of 1987, extended to -beyond 12.5 kHz.
- the step consisting in detecting in the digital audio signal a parasitic signal such as a humming consists in detecting in this parasitic signal a pink noise in a frequency band between 0 and 1100 Hz and of substantially constant level in this frequency band.
- a parasitic signal such as a humming
- FIG. 7a it is indicated that the substantially constant level of pink noise introduced during the appearance of this defect is of the order of 40 dB.
- FIG. 7a thus represents the spectrum of a digital audio signal before the appearance of pink noise, in dashed line, during the appearance of pink noise, in dotted line, and after the appearance of pink noise, in solid line .
- the aforementioned detection process is implemented on at least one left or right channel of the digital audio channel. It consists in a step 700, as shown in the aforementioned figure, of cutting out the sequences of N samples of the digital audio signal ADS and then, in a step 701, of calculating the spectral composition of this signal on the series of samples considered. digital audio defined as the value S n (i) of frequency component in sub-bands of central frequency fi, n designating the rank of the series of samples. It is understood in particular that step 701 represented in FIG. 7b can advantageously be carried out in the same way as step 501 in FIG. 6b, a single decomposition by Fourier transform then being carried out for all of the two detection processes.
- step 701 is then followed by a step 702 consisting in calculating, for a determined number k of central frequency f- . of the low frequency domain, that is to say between 0 and 1100 Hz, a first ⁇ in and a second ⁇ , n ratio of the values of frequency components in sub-bands for the current sample suite and the following of previous samples, respectively for the current sample suite and the next sample suite.
- a step 702 consisting in calculating, for a determined number k of central frequency f- . of the low frequency domain, that is to say between 0 and 1100 Hz, a first ⁇ in and a second ⁇ , n ratio of the values of frequency components in sub-bands for the current sample suite and the following of previous samples, respectively for the current sample suite and the next sample suite.
- step 702 the first and second ratios ⁇ , n and ⁇ in are then compared with a first buzzing threshold value, denoted S' ⁇ .
- a return 703 is made to the implementation of step 702 for the component in sub-bands of rank i corresponding to the same series of samples of rank n.
- a step 704 is carried out, this step consisting in subjecting the comparison of the first and second reports to a criterion of proportion p / k of the number p of verified comparisons with respect to all of the k comparisons made for the k center frequencies f- . components in sub-bands considered.
- the p / k ratio can be expressed as values of P%.
- a return by a loop 708 is carried out in step 701 of calculation of the signal spectrum for the following series of samples of rank n + 1 following.
- a step 705 is carried out, which consists in discriminating, among the values in sub-bands S n (i) of the frequency components in sub-bands, the value maximum S n (i max ) for the components in sub-bands of the values of frequency components relating to the current sequence of samples of rank n.
- Step 705 is then followed by a step 706 consisting in calculating the ratio of the aforementioned maximum value with the value of the frequency line situated at the same index i m a x of the spectrum of the sequence nl of samples, this ratio verifying the relationship :
- a second buzzing threshold value denoted S ′ 2 .
- the comparison with the second hum threshold value S ' 2 is a comparison of inferiority.
- a return loop 709 returns to step 701 for the series of samples of rank following n + 1.
- steps 702, 704, 705 and 706, upon positive response to the comparisons with respect to the thresholds of buzzing S'i and S ' 2 , comparison of superiority with respect to S'i and comparison with inferiority with respect to S' 2 , of the ratios oi, n and ⁇ i, n, respectively of the ratio M n .i f allow to conclude that a parasitic buzzing signal exists.
- Step 706, in this case, is then followed by a step 707 of statistical analysis consisting for example in determining the multiple occurrence of a parasitic buzzing signal possible over a given observation time ⁇ b of s seconds .
- step 707 this can consist of repeating the preceding operations of discrimination of the existence of a comparison of superiority of the first and second ratios to the first humming threshold value S'i and of existence of 'a comparison of the inferiority of the ratio M n , i to the second threshold value S' 2 .
- a binary variable for predetection of the existence of a parasitic hum signal is stored. This binary variable is assigned the value 1 when the criteria for comparing superiority and inferiority are satisfied and the value 0 otherwise.
- This number denoted NV pd
- NV pd is compared with a third buzzing threshold value S ' 3 by comparison of superiority.
- NV pd > S ' 3 a return 710 by a loop is carried out in step 701 for the following series of samples of rank n + 1 following.
- a parasitic hum signal is revealed when this comparison to this third hum threshold value is verified. The presence of the parasitic hum signal is obtained in step 711.
- a proof of the detection process of the parasitic hum signals will be given below.
- the property of the signal linked to the stereophonic mode of the latter is implemented during the third comparison with the third threshold value.
- the values of the previously described parameters are now given in the case of MPEG1 LU digital audio coding transmitted by a digital broadcasting channel.
- the width of the spectrum observed can be from 500 Hz to 1.5 kHz at low frequencies, the number of stored spectra being equal to 3, that is to say for the preceding series of samples of rank nl, the current sequence of samples of rank n and the following sequence of samples of rank n + 1:
- the frequency band can be between [0 Hz, 1500 Hz].
- phase shift between the right and left channels can be tolerated.
- the step consisting in detecting in the digital audio signal a spurious signal such as a phase shift between right and left channels of the digital signal can consist, in a step A, of calculating the value of phase shift between channels of the digital audio signal from the intercorrelation function of the digital audio signal present on each of the right and left channels of the digital audio channel.
- the aforementioned step A is followed by a step B consisting in comparing the calculated phase shift value with a threshold value.
- the relative phase shift between channels is noted ⁇ and the threshold value is noted ⁇ ma ⁇ - this value varying according to the mono or stereophonic transmission mode of the signal.
- the method according to the object of the present invention consists, in a step 800, of cutting the digital audio signal following samples of N samples, each sequence comprising the rank n .
- This division is of course carried out on the left and right channels of the ADS digital audio signal.
- the above-mentioned step 800 is followed by a step consisting in calculating, on the aforementioned series of samples, given number N of samples, the intercorrelation function between the digital audio signal present on the left channel and on the right channel.
- the step of calculating the above-mentioned intercorrelation function can be carried out using a step 801 of calculating the complex spectra of the left and right channels by Fourier transform, value of the frequency component i of the series of rank samples not.
- This step 801 is followed by a step 802 of multiplication of a spectrum of a channel by the conjugate of the spectrum of the other channel, then of a step 803 of calculation proper of the inverse Fourier transform to obtain the intercorrelation function.
- the operations performed in steps 801, 802, 803 will not be described in detail since they correspond to conventional operations in processing the digital signal.
- step 804 consisting in determining the rank i of the sample of the cross-correlation function, sample denoted corr (i), corresponding to the maximum value corr ( i) of this intercorrelation function.
- This maximum search step can be carried out using a function of sorting on the value of the samples of the intercorrelation function.
- Step 804 is then followed by a step 805 consisting, from a determined attenuation value A, in determining the attenuated rank i ⁇ nf , i sup of the samples corr (i ⁇ nf ) and corr (i sup ) of the intercorrelation function distributed on either side of rank i of the maximum sample corr (i) and corresponding to an attenuated value of the value A with respect to the maximum value of this intercorrelation function.
- Step 805 also consists in calculating a first ratio of the maximum value to the corrected lower corrected value (i), this first report being written then a corr (i mf ) second ratio of the maximum value to the upper attenuated value , this second report verifying the relation corr (i) corr (i sup )
- Step 805 finally consists in comparing the value of the above-mentioned first and second ratios with a first threshold value A, denoted S " ⁇ .
- S " ⁇ a first threshold value A
- the left / right contrast of the digital audio signal between left channel and right channel is then considered to be significant.
- This contrast is significant because the indices of lower and upper value distributed on either side of the maximum of the intercorrelation function exist as well as the value of their ratio, these values can then be compared with the first phase shift threshold value S " ⁇ . If these indices do not exist, in negative response to the comparison test carried out in step 805, a return loop 806 brings the process back to step 801 for the following series of samples of rank n + 1.
- step 805 On a positive response to the comparison carried out in step 805, the lower and upper indices existing, this step 805 is followed by a step 807 consisting in searching for the rank noted j of the second relative maximum corr (j) of the function of intercorrelation.
- the first maximum corresponding to the sample i is represented, ie corr (i), the attenuated values of the value A and of index i ⁇ nf and i sup corresponding, as well as the second maximum of index j.
- the value of the attenuation R corresponds to the difference between the maximum maximorum of the cross-correlation function and this second maximum.
- the index j of the second maximum of the cross- correlation function is sought over the intervals [0; i ⁇ nf [and
- Step 807 is then followed by a step 808 consisting in calculating a left / right contrast parameter C g , d ratio between the maximum value corr (i) and the value of second maximum corr (j).
- the left / right contrast value checks the relationship:
- Step 808 also includes a comparison of the value of the abovementioned contrast parameter C 9 d with a second phase shift threshold value, noted S " 2. On a negative response to the aforementioned comparison, a return by a return loop is carried out in step 801 for the following series of samples of rank n + 1.
- step 808 On the contrary, on a positive response to the comparison of the aforementioned step 808, the preceding operations successive to the comparison of the first and of the second ratio to the first maximum value of the cross-correlation function, that is to say the steps 805, 807 and 808, are repeated so as to determine in the successive rows the rank which has the most occurrences These operations are carried out, for example in step 809, where the result relating to the value i of the maximum of the function of intercorrelation is stored in a table, and in a step 810 where a statistical analysis is performed on the number of occurrences in this table.
- step 810 if a value ia an occurrence greater than or equal to a third me phase shift threshold value S " 3 , then, and in positive response to this comparison of superiority, the relative phase shift of the left and right channels of the digital audio channel is assigned a value corresponding to that of the rank which has the most occurrences, that is, the value of rank i.
- This allocation is carried out in step 811.
- a loop 812 leads to the following series of samples of rank n + 1.
- T (k) denotes the value of the cross-correlation function at point k
- G (q) and D (q + k) denotes the sample of the left-hand lane respectively of rank q and corresponding q + k .
- k varies from 0 to N-1.
- N and K can both be equal to 32768, a minimum value being equal to 1024.
- phase shift calculation threshold value ⁇ " ⁇ is between S" ⁇ e [2,100].
- the value of the second phase shift calculation threshold S " 2 is between S" 2 € [1,5].
- the size of the table of results produced in step 810 for carrying out the statistical analysis of rank i corresponding to the maximum of the function d 1 intercorrelation can be 10 successive values.
- the value of the third phase shift calculation threshold S " 3 can for example be taken equal to 5.
- a device for controlling the quality of a digital audio signal implementing the method which is the subject of the present invention previously described in the description will now be described in conjunction with FIG. 9.
- the device for controlling the quality of a digital audio signal object of the present invention comprises at least one module 1 for converting the digital audio signal ADS into a digital signal of specialized format.
- the module 1 for converting the digital audio signal into a digital signal of specialized format can be achieved by means of a professional quality IRD circuit receiving the digital audio signal ADS from a first input type BIS, for inter-sa telli te band, or from an input type MPEG2 TS.
- this module can be replaced by a DAB receiver for example, for Digital Audio Broadcasting.
- the module 1 for converting the digital audio signal into a digital signal of specialized format delivers this signal in the EBU / AES format.
- the device which is the subject of the present invention as shown in FIG. 9 comprises a portable computer type assembly comprising at least one module 2 for acquiring the left and right audio frequency components, this acquisition module 2 receiving the signal. digital format of specialized format delivered by the module 1 for converting the digital audio signal into digital signal of specialized format. The acquisition module 2 left and right audio frequency components then delivers a specialized digital audio signal for each of the left and right channels, denoted RL in FIG. 9.
- the module 2 for acquiring the audio-frequency components is itself followed by a module 3 for detecting coding and transmission faults receiving the specialized digital audio signal for each of the left and right channels delivered by the aforementioned module 2. It makes it possible to detect at least one of the parasitic signals such as short cut, whistling, buzzing, relative phase shift of the left and right channels and thus to deliver a detection signal, in accordance with the method which is the subject of the present invention.
- a management module 4 of the man-machine interface type receives the detection signal and makes it possible to generate an alarm signal in the presence of at least one of the above-mentioned interference signals.
- the device which is the subject of the present invention may include a module 5 for calculating and detecting additional parameters, this calculation module receiving the digital signal of specialized format delivered by the module 1 and delivering a signal representative of additional parameters such as mono or stereo mode, bit rate values of the digital audio signal. It is controlled by module 3 for detecting coding and transmission faults.
- the human interface platform management system machine allows remote control of the module 1 for converting the digital audio signal into a digital signal of specialized format.
- the system constituted by the microcomputer performs the processing of the data, provides the results and orders them while allowing the management of the various signals to be processed by the module 1 for conversion to specialized format.
- the module 2 for acquiring the components can be produced by a dedicated PCI type card interconnected with the format conversion module 1.
- the audio components of the left and right channels are thus acquired from the digital audio signal in the specialized EBU / AES format.
- the digital data supplied by module 2, and therefore by the PCI type card, are processed by module 3 for detecting faults, which of course makes it possible to implement in software form the various steps of the method which is the subject of the present invention such as described previously in the description.
- all of the corresponding software elements can be installed in read-only memory, called in random access memory of the microcomputer and controlled from the management module 4 constituting the abovementioned human-machine interface HMI.
- module 5 provides additional results such as the detection of the mono or stereo transmission mode, the bit rate of the digital audio signal from the results delivered by module 3 as well as EBU / AES signals delivered by module 1.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9902821A FR2790845A1 (fr) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-03-08 | Procede de controle de la qualite d'un signal audionumerique distribue |
| FR9902821 | 1999-03-08 | ||
| FR9904179A FR2790900B3 (fr) | 1999-03-08 | 1999-04-02 | Procede de controle de la qualite d'un signal audionumerique distribue |
| FR9904179 | 1999-04-02 | ||
| PCT/FR2000/000551 WO2000054441A1 (fr) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-03-06 | Procede de controle de la qualite d'un signal audionumerique diffuse avec un programme audiovisuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1159795A1 true EP1159795A1 (fr) | 2001-12-05 |
| EP1159795B1 EP1159795B1 (fr) | 2006-11-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00909432A Expired - Lifetime EP1159795B1 (fr) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-03-06 | Procede de controle de la qualite d'un signal audionumerique diffuse avec un programme audiovisuel |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1159795B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60031767T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2276671T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2790900B3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000054441A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114125474A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 西梅科技(北京)有限公司 | 视频片段生成方法、装置和电子设备 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3034582C2 (de) * | 1980-09-13 | 1982-09-02 | Institut für Rundfunktechnik GmbH, 8000 München | Verfahren zum Erkennen von auf digitalen Übertragungswegen auftretenden Signalstörungen |
| DE3311645A1 (de) * | 1983-03-30 | 1984-10-11 | Institut für Rundfunktechnik GmbH, 8000 München | Verfahren zum erkennen von knackstoerungen |
| GB2260243A (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1993-04-07 | British Broadcasting Corp | Signal monitoring apparatus |
| DE4324292C1 (de) * | 1993-07-21 | 1995-02-02 | Detecon Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer die Qualität einer digitalen Sprachübertragung kennzeichnenden Größe |
| ATE230532T1 (de) * | 1994-11-25 | 2003-01-15 | T Mobile Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur ermittlung einer die qualität einer digitalen sprachübertragung kennzeichnenden grösse |
| US6427133B1 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 2002-07-30 | Ascom Infrasys Ag | Process and device for evaluating the quality of a transmitted voice signal |
-
1999
- 1999-04-02 FR FR9904179A patent/FR2790900B3/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-03-06 DE DE60031767T patent/DE60031767T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-06 WO PCT/FR2000/000551 patent/WO2000054441A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-03-06 EP EP00909432A patent/EP1159795B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-06 ES ES00909432T patent/ES2276671T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0054441A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000054441A1 (fr) | 2000-09-14 |
| FR2790900A1 (fr) | 2000-09-15 |
| DE60031767D1 (de) | 2006-12-21 |
| ES2276671T3 (es) | 2007-07-01 |
| EP1159795B1 (fr) | 2006-11-08 |
| DE60031767T2 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
| FR2790900B3 (fr) | 2001-04-27 |
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