EP1157203A1 - Injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
EP1157203A1
EP1157203A1 EP00910542A EP00910542A EP1157203A1 EP 1157203 A1 EP1157203 A1 EP 1157203A1 EP 00910542 A EP00910542 A EP 00910542A EP 00910542 A EP00910542 A EP 00910542A EP 1157203 A1 EP1157203 A1 EP 1157203A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injector
actuator
housing
valve piston
injector according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00910542A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1157203B1 (en
Inventor
Wendelin KLÜGL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1157203A1 publication Critical patent/EP1157203A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1157203B1 publication Critical patent/EP1157203B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0035—Poppet valves, i.e. having a mushroom-shaped valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Conventional injectors for fuel injection in internal combustion engines are generally of modular design and consist of several parts arranged coaxially one above the other, such as an injector body and a control module, with the mechanical connection of two axially adjacent parts using a connecting element such as a clamping sleeve, a double clamping nut or a welding sleeve.
  • the injector is usually fastened in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine by means of a so-called clamping claw, which presses the injector axially into a corresponding receiving bore in the cylinder head, the clamping claw resting on a cylindrical collar which is integrally formed on the outside of the injector.
  • keying surfaces are formed on the lateral surface of the injector, into which the clamping claw engages, thereby preventing the injector from rotating about its longitudinal axis.
  • the cylindrical collar and the key surfaces are attached either directly to the injector head or to a hollow cylindrical union nut which receives the individual parts of the injector and is connected to the injector head on its upper side.
  • a disadvantage of the injectors described above, however, is the large number of parts, as a result of which the manufacture and assembly of the injector is relatively complex.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating an injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine, in which the outlay for production and assembly is reduced.
  • the invention includes the general technical teaching of providing an essentially one-piece injector housing which merges into the injector head at the top and at least accommodates the control unit.
  • the injector housing preferably accommodates several modules of the injector and braces them axially against one another in order to bring about a high-pressure seal at the joints of adjacent modules.
  • the common injector housing advantageously reduces the number of high-pressure sealing areas that could leak to the outside.
  • the injector housing receives all components of the injector and connects them to one another.
  • the nozzle body on the underside of the injector may be screwed to the injector housing using a conventional clamping nut, while the other components of the injector, such as the control unit, are accommodated in the injector housing.
  • a separate transmission lever for transmitting the actuating movement of the actuator to the valve piston is dispensed with, in that the actuator acts directly on the valve piston. This advantageously eliminates a component of the injector, which further reduces the manufacturing and assembly costs.
  • dispensing with a conventional transmission lever increases the durability of the injector, since such a component is problematic in terms of its service life.
  • the contact surface between the actuator on the one hand and the valve piston on the other hand is preferably so large that, due to the reduced surface pressure, a liquid film remains between the actuator and the valve piston even during a switching operation, which causes hydraulic play compensation.
  • the mutually facing end faces of the actuator and / or valve piston are preferably convex in this case in order to avoid tearing off the liquid film due to the mechanical load during a switching operation, but the end faces can also be completely flat, which allows simple length adjustment by measuring and grinding.
  • a spring is preferably arranged between the actuator and the valve piston, which presses the actuator and valve piston apart in the axial direction and thus restores the full play in the idle state of the injector.
  • such a spring advantageously also allows compensation for thermal expansions.
  • valve piston of the injector is not guided directly in the injector housing, but is stored in a separate valve housing, which is arranged inside the injector housing.
  • a continuous leakage line is dispensed with by using the central bore for the control elements in addition to the leakage return line from the nozzle up to the control unit. This further reduces the manufacturing effort for the injector.
  • the leakage is then continued above the control unit via a separate leakage line, the connection of the leakage line to the central bore preferably being made by a radial connection bore.
  • the injector according to the invention is preferably used in a common rail injection system, but the invention is not limited to such an application, but can in principle also be used in other types of injection systems.
  • Figure 1 as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the head area of an injector in a cross-sectional view and
  • Figure 2 is a detailed view of the contact point between the actuator and the valve piston of the injector shown in Figure 1 in cross section.
  • the injector shown in FIG. 1 has a modular structure and is used to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, an injector head 1 being arranged on the top of the injector as a component Underside merges seamlessly into the common injector housing 2, so that the essential components of the injector are mechanically fixed by the common injector housing 2.
  • the injector head 1 enables an injection line to be connected in order to connect the injector to a central injection system which provides the necessary injection pressure for all cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • the injector head 1 is chamfered on its upper side and provided with a screw connection 3 with an internal thread, which receives the end piece of the injection line.
  • the injector head 1 has on its underside an essentially cylindrical fuselage part, on which key surfaces 4 are formed below the bevel, which together with a circumferential cylindrical collar 5 enable the engagement of a clamping claw, which is not shown for simplification.
  • the clamping claw presses axially from above onto the circumferential collar 5, as a result of which the entire injector is pressed axially downward in a corresponding receiving bore in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, a copper disc being arranged between the lower end face of the injector and the bottom surface of the receiving bore to seal the location hole.
  • the clamping claw engages laterally in the key surfaces 4 and thus prevents the injector from rotating about its longitudinal axis in the assembled state.
  • the top of the injector has a centrally arranged cylindrical bore for receiving an actuator 6, two cylindrical circumferential grooves 7, 8 being arranged one above the other in the lateral surface of the actuator 6, the lower groove 8 being an O-ring in the assembled state takes up, which seals the annular gap between the actuator 6 and the bore in the injector head 1.
  • a wire ring is arranged, which enables the actuator 6 to be fastened in the injector head 1 via a hollow screw.
  • the actuator 6 enables an axial actuating movement in a conventional manner in order to control the fuel injection.
  • the actuator 6 in this case acts directly on a valve piston 9 without the mechanical intermediate links used in conventional injectors.
  • the contact surface between the lower end face of the actuator 6 and the upper end face of the valve piston 9 is considerably larger in comparison with conventional injectors, which has the advantage that even when the injector is switched, a fluid flow between the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 remains, whereby hydraulic play compensation takes place.
  • the lower face of the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 is considerably larger in comparison with conventional injectors, which has the advantage that even when the injector is switched, a fluid flow between the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 remains, whereby hydraulic play compensation takes place.
  • Actuator 6 is slightly convex in shape, as can be seen in FIG. 2. This prevents the liquid film from tearing off due to the mechanical loads occurring on the contact surface between the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 during a switching operation.
  • the upper end face of the valve piston 9 can also have a correspondingly convex shape.
  • a spring 10 is arranged between the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9, which axially presses apart the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 and thus restores full axial play compensation when the injector is at rest.
  • the spring 10 also allows compensation for thermal expansion of the individual components.
  • a separate valve housing 11 is inserted into the injector housing 2 for guiding the valve piston 9, which has the advantage provides that the piston is too hard forming a valve seat for the valve ⁇ 9 m the valve housing 11 and not in the joint In j ektorgehause 2, so that it can be dispensed with a costly heat treatment of the entire injector housing 2 for hardening of the valve seat and only one curing the valve housing 11 is required, which is much less expensive.
  • a control unit 12 with a servo valve is furthermore arranged below the valve piston 9, the actuator 6 actuating the servo valve via the valve piston 9 and thus indirectly controlling the position of a nozzle needle 21 in the guide bore 20 of a nozzle 13 and thus controlling the fuel flow, which is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine via a nozzle 13 of the injector m.
  • the nozzle 13 is only shown schematically in the drawing and can be connected to the injector housing 2 via a conventional clamping nut, the illustration of which has been omitted in the drawing in order to maintain clarity.
  • the injector shown has a particularly advantageous form of the leakage return line, in that instead of an additional leakage line running essentially over the entire length of the injector, an already existing central bore 14, with which a piston 22 is axially displaceably arranged, which the nozzle needle 21 is used for the leakage return line.
  • the injector shown also has an axially extending leakage line 15, but this extends from above only to below the control unit 12, where the leakage line 15 then flows into the central bore 14.
  • the connection of the leakage line 15 with the central bore 14 takes place here through a radial bore 16, which extends at the mouth of the leakage line 15 from the outer jacket surface of the injector housing 2 to the inside to the central bore 14.
  • the control unit 12 with the servo valve, the valve housing 11 and the valve piston 9 is pushed into the injector housing 2.
  • the axial position of the valve piston 9 is then adjusted relative to the actuator 6 by adjusting the length of the valve piston 9, for example by measuring and grinding.
  • the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiments specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine which comprises an injector head (1), a nozzle (13) for injecting fuel, a control unit for controlling the fuel transfer from the injector head (1) to the nozzle (13) and an actuator (6) for mechanically driving the control unit for controlling the fuel injection. An injector housing (2) is moulded to the injector head (1) in such a way that said injector housing (2) and said injector head (1) form one part. The injector housing accommodates at least the control unit.

Description

WO 00/50761 PCTtDEOO/00469WO 00/50761 PCTtDEOO / 00469
1 Beschreibung1 description
Injektor für eine Einspritzanlage einer BrennkraftmaschineInjector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Injektor für eine Einspritzanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Herkömmliche Injektoren für die Kraftstoffeinspritzung in Brennkraftmaschinen sind in der Regel modular aufgebaut und bestehen aus mehreren, koaxial übereinander angeordneten Teilen, wie beispielsweise einem Injektorkörper und einem Steuermodul, wobei die mechanische Verbindung zweier axial benachbarter Teile durch ein Verbindungselement wie eine Spann- hülse, eine Doppelspannmutter oder eine Schweißhülse erfolgt.Conventional injectors for fuel injection in internal combustion engines are generally of modular design and consist of several parts arranged coaxially one above the other, such as an injector body and a control module, with the mechanical connection of two axially adjacent parts using a connecting element such as a clamping sleeve, a double clamping nut or a welding sleeve.
Die Befestigung des Injektors in dem Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt üblicherweise durch eine sogenannte Spannpratze, die den Injektor axial in eine entsprechende Aufnahmebohrung in dem Zylinderkopf hineindrückt, wobei die Spannpratze auf einem zylindrischen Bund aufliegt, der außen an dem Injektor umlaufend angeformt ist.The injector is usually fastened in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine by means of a so-called clamping claw, which presses the injector axially into a corresponding receiving bore in the cylinder head, the clamping claw resting on a cylindrical collar which is integrally formed on the outside of the injector.
Darüber hinaus sind an der Mantelfläche des Injektors Schlüs- seiflächen angeformt, in welche die Spannpratze eingreift, wodurch eine Verdrehung des Injektors um seine Längsachse verhindert wird.In addition, keying surfaces are formed on the lateral surface of the injector, into which the clamping claw engages, thereby preventing the injector from rotating about its longitudinal axis.
Der zylindrische Bund und die Schlüsselflächen werden bei den bekannten Injektoren entweder direkt an dem Injektorkopf oder an einer hohlzylindrischen Überwurfmutter befestigt, welche die einzelnen Teile des Injektors aufnimmt und an ihrer Oberseite mit dem Injektorkopf verbunden ist.In the known injectors, the cylindrical collar and the key surfaces are attached either directly to the injector head or to a hollow cylindrical union nut which receives the individual parts of the injector and is connected to the injector head on its upper side.
Nachteilig ist an den vorstehend beschriebenen Injektoren jedoch die Vielzahl der Teile, wodurch die Fertigung und Montage des Injektors relativ aufwendig ist. Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Injektor für eine Einspritzanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, bei dem der Aufwand für die Fertigung und Montage verringert ist.A disadvantage of the injectors described above, however, is the large number of parts, as a result of which the manufacture and assembly of the injector is relatively complex. The invention is therefore based on the object of creating an injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine, in which the outlay for production and assembly is reduced.
Die Aufgabe wird, ausgehend von einem der eingangs beschriebenen Injektoren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelost.Starting from one of the injectors described in the preamble of claim 1, the object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung schließt die allgemeine technische Lehre ein, ein im wesentlichen einstuckig geformtes Injektorgehause vorzusehen, das oben in den Injektorkopf übergeht und zumindest die Steuereinheit aufnimmt. Vorzugsweise nimmt das Injektor- gehause aber mehrere Module des Injektors auf und verspannt diese axial gegeneinander, um eine Hochdruckabdichtung an den Stoßstellen benachbarter Module zu bewirken.The invention includes the general technical teaching of providing an essentially one-piece injector housing which merges into the injector head at the top and at least accommodates the control unit. However, the injector housing preferably accommodates several modules of the injector and braces them axially against one another in order to bring about a high-pressure seal at the joints of adjacent modules.
Durch die Verwendung eines gemeinsamen Gehäuses für die we- sentlichen Bauteile des Injektors kann vorteilhaft auf separate Verbindungsmittel wie Spannhülsen, Doppelspannmuttern oder Schweißhülsen zur Verbindung der einzelnen Teile verzichtet werden, da die einzelnen Teile des Injektors bereits durch das gemeinsame Gehause mechanisch fixiert werden.By using a common housing for the essential components of the injector, separate connecting means such as clamping sleeves, double clamping nuts or welding sleeves for connecting the individual parts can advantageously be dispensed with, since the individual parts of the injector are already mechanically fixed by the common housing.
Darüber hinaus wird durch das gemeinsame Injektorgehause vorteilhaft die Zahl der Hochdruckdicht lächen reduziert, die nach außen hin undicht werden könnten.In addition, the common injector housing advantageously reduces the number of high-pressure sealing areas that could leak to the outside.
Es ist jedoch im Rahmen der Erfindung nicht erforderlich, daß das Injektorgehause sämtliche Bauteile des Injektors aufnimmt und miteinander verbindet. So ist es beispielsweise auch möglich, daß der Düsenkorper an der Unterseite des Injektors über eine herkömmliche Spannmutter mit dem Injektorgehause verschraubt wird, wahrend die übrigen Bauteile des Injektors, wie beispielsweise die Steuereinheit, in dem Injektorgehause untergebracht sind. In einer Variante der Erfindung wird auf einen separaten Übertragungshebel zur Übertragung der Stellbewegung des Ak- tuators auf den Ventilkolben verzichtet, indem der Aktuator direkt auf den Ventilkolben wirkt. Hierdurch entfällt vorteilhaft ein Bauteil des Injektors, wodurch der Fertigungsund Montageaufwand weiter verringert wird. Darüber hinaus wird durch den Verzicht auf einen herkömmlichen Übertragungshebel die Dauerhaltbarkeit des Injektors erhöht, da ein der- artiges Bauteil hinsichtlich der Lebensdauer problematisch ist.However, it is not necessary within the scope of the invention that the injector housing receives all components of the injector and connects them to one another. For example, it is also possible for the nozzle body on the underside of the injector to be screwed to the injector housing using a conventional clamping nut, while the other components of the injector, such as the control unit, are accommodated in the injector housing. In a variant of the invention, a separate transmission lever for transmitting the actuating movement of the actuator to the valve piston is dispensed with, in that the actuator acts directly on the valve piston. This advantageously eliminates a component of the injector, which further reduces the manufacturing and assembly costs. In addition, dispensing with a conventional transmission lever increases the durability of the injector, since such a component is problematic in terms of its service life.
Die Anlagefläche zwischen dem Aktuator einerseits und dem Ventilkolben andererseits ist hierbei vorzugsweise so groß, daß aufgrund der verringerten Flächenpressung auch bei einem Schaltvorgang noch ein Flüssigkeitsfilm zwischen dem Aktuator und dem Ventilkolben bestehen bleibt, was einen hydraulischen Spielausgleich bewirkt. Die einander zugewandten Stirnflächen von Aktuator und/oder Ventilkolben sind hierbei vorzugsweise konvex geformt, um ein Abreißen des Flüssigkeitsfilms aufgrund der mechanischen Belastung bei einem Schaltvorgang zu vermeiden, jedoch können die Stirnflächen auch vollständig plan sein, was eine einfache Längenjustierung durch Messen und Abschleifen erlaubt.The contact surface between the actuator on the one hand and the valve piston on the other hand is preferably so large that, due to the reduced surface pressure, a liquid film remains between the actuator and the valve piston even during a switching operation, which causes hydraulic play compensation. The mutually facing end faces of the actuator and / or valve piston are preferably convex in this case in order to avoid tearing off the liquid film due to the mechanical load during a switching operation, but the end faces can also be completely flat, which allows simple length adjustment by measuring and grinding.
Zwischen dem Aktuator und dem Ventilkolben ist hierbei vorzugsweise eine Feder angeordnet, welche Aktuator und Ventilkolben in axialer Richtung auseinanderdrückt und somit im Ruhezustand des Injektors wieder den vollen Spielausgleich her- stellt. Darüber hinaus erlaubt eine derartige Feder vorteilhaft auch eine Kompensation von Wärmedehnungen.A spring is preferably arranged between the actuator and the valve piston, which presses the actuator and valve piston apart in the axial direction and thus restores the full play in the idle state of the injector. In addition, such a spring advantageously also allows compensation for thermal expansions.
Gemäß einer Variante der Erfindung wird der Ventilkolben des Injektors nicht direkt in dem Injektorgehäuse geführt, son- dern in einem separaten Ventilgehäuse gelagert, das innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses angeordnet ist. Dies bietet den Vorteil, daß sich der zu härtende Ventilsitz des Ventilkolbens somit in dem Ventilgehäuse und nicht in dem Injektorgehäuse befindet, so daß keine aufwendige Wärmebehandlung des gesamten Injektorgehäuses erforderlich ist.According to a variant of the invention, the valve piston of the injector is not guided directly in the injector housing, but is stored in a separate valve housing, which is arranged inside the injector housing. This has the advantage that the valve seat of the valve piston to be hardened is thus is located in the valve housing and not in the injector housing, so that no expensive heat treatment of the entire injector housing is required.
In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung wird auf eine durchgehende Leckageleitung verzichtet, indem die zentrische Bohrung für die Steuerglieder zusätzlich zur Leckagerückleitung von der Düse bis hinauf zur Steuereinheit verwendet wird. Hierdurch wird der Fertigungsaufwand für den Injektor weiter verringert. Oberhalb der Steuereinheit wird die Leckage dann über eine separate Leckageleitung weitergeführt, wobei die Verbindung der Leckageleitung mit der zentrischen Bohrung vorzugsweise durch eine radiale Verbindungsbohrung erfolgt.In another variant of the invention, a continuous leakage line is dispensed with by using the central bore for the control elements in addition to the leakage return line from the nozzle up to the control unit. This further reduces the manufacturing effort for the injector. The leakage is then continued above the control unit via a separate leakage line, the connection of the leakage line to the central bore preferably being made by a radial connection bore.
Der erfindungsgemäße Injektor wird vorzugsweise in einer Com- mon-Rail-Einspritzanlage verwendet, jedoch ist die Erfindung nicht auf einen derartigen Einsatz beschränkt, sondern grundsätzlich auch bei anderen Arten von Einspritzanlagen verwendbar.The injector according to the invention is preferably used in a common rail injection system, but the invention is not limited to such an application, but can in principle also be used in other types of injection systems.
Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet bzw. werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher dargestellt. Es zeigen:Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:
Figur 1 als bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung den Kopfbereich eines Injektors in einer Querschnittsdarstellung sowieFigure 1 as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the head area of an injector in a cross-sectional view and
Figur 2 eine Detailansicht der Kontaktstelle zwischen dem Aktuator und dem Ventilkolben des in Figur 1 dargestellten Injektors im Querschnitt.Figure 2 is a detailed view of the contact point between the actuator and the valve piston of the injector shown in Figure 1 in cross section.
Der in Figur 1 gezeigte Injektor ist modular aufgebaut und dient zur Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine, wobei an der Oberseite des Injektors als ein Bauteil ein Injektorkopf 1 angeordnet ist, der an der Unterseite ansatzlos in das gemeinsame Injektorgehäuse 2 übergeht, so daß die wesentlichen Bauteile des Injektors durch das gemeinsame Injektorgehäuse 2 mechanisch fixiert werden.The injector shown in FIG. 1 has a modular structure and is used to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, an injector head 1 being arranged on the top of the injector as a component Underside merges seamlessly into the common injector housing 2, so that the essential components of the injector are mechanically fixed by the common injector housing 2.
Zum einen ermöglicht der Injektorkopf 1 den Anschluß einer Einspritzleitung, um den Injektor mit einer zentralen Ein- spritzanlage zu verbinden, die für alle Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine den erforderlichen Einspritzdruck bereitstellt. Hierzu ist der Injektorkopf 1 an seiner Oberseite abgeschrägt und mit einem Schraubanschluß 3 mit einem Innengewinde versehen, welches das Endstück der Einspritzleitung aufnimmt.On the one hand, the injector head 1 enables an injection line to be connected in order to connect the injector to a central injection system which provides the necessary injection pressure for all cylinders of the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, the injector head 1 is chamfered on its upper side and provided with a screw connection 3 with an internal thread, which receives the end piece of the injection line.
Zum anderen weist der Injektorkopf 1 an seiner Unterseite ein im wesentlichen zylindrisches Rumpfteil auf, an dem unterhalb der Abschrägung Schlüsselflächen 4 angeformt sind, die zusammen mit einem umlaufenden zylindrischen Bund 5 den Eingriff einer Spannpratze ermöglichen, die zur Vereinfachung nicht dargestellt ist. Einerseits drückt die Spannpratze axial von oben auf den umlaufenden Bund 5, wodurch der gesamte Injektor in einer entsprechenden Aufnahmebohrung in dem Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine axial nach unten gedrückt wird, wobei zwischen der unteren Stirnfläche des Injektors und der Bodenfläche der Aufnahmebohrung eine Kupferscheibe angeordnet ist, um die Aufnahmebohrung abzudichten. Andererseits greift die Spannpratze seitlich in die Schlüsselflächen 4 ein und verhindert somit im montierten Zustand eine Verdrehung des Injektors um seine Längsachse.On the other hand, the injector head 1 has on its underside an essentially cylindrical fuselage part, on which key surfaces 4 are formed below the bevel, which together with a circumferential cylindrical collar 5 enable the engagement of a clamping claw, which is not shown for simplification. On the one hand, the clamping claw presses axially from above onto the circumferential collar 5, as a result of which the entire injector is pressed axially downward in a corresponding receiving bore in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, a copper disc being arranged between the lower end face of the injector and the bottom surface of the receiving bore to seal the location hole. On the other hand, the clamping claw engages laterally in the key surfaces 4 and thus prevents the injector from rotating about its longitudinal axis in the assembled state.
Weiterhin weist der Injektor an seiner Oberseite eine zentrisch angeordnete zylindrische Bohrung zur Aufnahme eines Aktuators 6 auf, wobei in der Mantelfläche des Aktuators 6 unten zwei zylindrisch umlaufende Nuten 7, 8 übereinander angeordnet sind, wobei die untere Nut 8 im montierten Zustand einen O-Ring aufnimmt, der den ringförmigen Spalt zwischen dem Aktuator 6 und der Bohrung in dem Injektorkopf 1 abdichtet. In der oberen Nut 7 ist dagegen im montierten Zustand ein Drahtring angeordnet, der über eine Hohlschraube eine Befestigung des Aktuators 6 in dem Injektorkopf 1 ermöglicht. Der Aktuator 6 ermöglicht m herkömmlicher Weise eine axiale Stellbewegung, um die Kraftstoffeinspritzung zu steuern. Der Aktuator 6 wirkt hierbei ohne die bei herkömmlichen Injektoren verwendeten mechanischen Zwischenglieder direkt auf einen Ventilkolben 9. Dies bietet zum einen den Vorteil, daß auf ein Bauteil verzichtet werden kann, wodurch der Fertigungs- und Montageaufwand verringert wird. Zum anderen wird dadurch die Lebensdauer und Zuverlässigkeit des Injektors erhöht, da die herkommlicherweise verwendeten Ubertragungshebel hinsichtlich der Lebensdauer problematisch sind.Furthermore, the top of the injector has a centrally arranged cylindrical bore for receiving an actuator 6, two cylindrical circumferential grooves 7, 8 being arranged one above the other in the lateral surface of the actuator 6, the lower groove 8 being an O-ring in the assembled state takes up, which seals the annular gap between the actuator 6 and the bore in the injector head 1. In the upper groove 7, however, is in the assembled state a wire ring is arranged, which enables the actuator 6 to be fastened in the injector head 1 via a hollow screw. The actuator 6 enables an axial actuating movement in a conventional manner in order to control the fuel injection. The actuator 6 in this case acts directly on a valve piston 9 without the mechanical intermediate links used in conventional injectors. This offers the advantage, on the one hand, that a component can be dispensed with, as a result of which the production and assembly effort is reduced. On the other hand, this increases the lifespan and reliability of the injector, since the transmission levers conventionally used are problematic with regard to the lifespan.
Die Anlageflache zwischen der unteren Stirnflache des Aktua- tors 6 und der oberen Stirnflache des Ventilkolbens 9 ist hierbei im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Injektoren wesentlich großer, was den Vorteil bietet, daß auch bei einem Schaltvorgang des Injektors ein Flussigkeitsflim zwischen dem Aktuator 6 und dem Vent lkolben 9 bestehen bleibt, wodurch ein hydrau- lischer Spielausgleich erfolgt. Die untere Stirnflache desThe contact surface between the lower end face of the actuator 6 and the upper end face of the valve piston 9 is considerably larger in comparison with conventional injectors, which has the advantage that even when the injector is switched, a fluid flow between the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 remains, whereby hydraulic play compensation takes place. The lower face of the
Aktuators 6 ist hierbei leicht konvex geformt, wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist. Dadurch wird ein Abreißen des Flussig- keitsfilms aufgrund der bei einem Schaltvorgang auftretenden mechanischen Belastungen an der Kontaktflache zwischen dem Aktuator 6 und dem Ventilkolben 9 verhindert. Alternativ dazu kann auch die obere Stirnflache des Ventilkolbens 9 entsprechend konvex geformt sein.Actuator 6 is slightly convex in shape, as can be seen in FIG. 2. This prevents the liquid film from tearing off due to the mechanical loads occurring on the contact surface between the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 during a switching operation. Alternatively, the upper end face of the valve piston 9 can also have a correspondingly convex shape.
Darüber hinaus ist zwischen dem Aktuator 6 und dem Ventilkol- ben 9 eine Feder 10 angeordnet, die den Aktuator 6 und den Ventilkolben 9 axial auseinanderdruckt und somit im Ruhezustand des Injektors den vollen axialen Spielausgleich wiederherstellt. Darüber hinaus erlaubt die Feder 10 auch eine Kompensation von Wärmedehnungen der einzelnen Bauteile.In addition, a spring 10 is arranged between the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9, which axially presses apart the actuator 6 and the valve piston 9 and thus restores full axial play compensation when the injector is at rest. In addition, the spring 10 also allows compensation for thermal expansion of the individual components.
Zur Fuhrung des Ventilkolbens 9 ist ein separates Ventilge- hause 11 in das Injektorgehause 2 eingesetzt, was den Vorteil bietet, daß sich der zu hartende Ventilsitz für den Ventil¬ kolben 9 m dem Ventilgehause 11 und nicht in dem gemeinsamen Injektorgehause 2 befindet, so daß auf eine aufwendige Wärmebehandlung des gesamten Injektorgehauses 2 zur Härtung des Ventilsitzes verzichtet werden kann und nur eine Härtung des Ventilgehauses 11 erforderlich ist, was wesentlich weniger aufwendig ist.A separate valve housing 11 is inserted into the injector housing 2 for guiding the valve piston 9, which has the advantage provides that the piston is too hard forming a valve seat for the valve ¬ 9 m the valve housing 11 and not in the joint In j ektorgehause 2, so that it can be dispensed with a costly heat treatment of the entire injector housing 2 for hardening of the valve seat and only one curing the valve housing 11 is required, which is much less expensive.
Unterhalb des Ventilkolbens 9 ist weiterhin eine Steuerein- heit 12 mit einem Servoventil angeordnet, wobei der Aktuator 6 über den Ventilkolben 9 das Servoventil betätigt und damit indirekt die Position einer Dusennadel 21 in der Fuhrungsboh- rung 20 einer Düse 13 und somit den Kraftstoffström steuert, der über eine Düse 13 des Injektors m den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird. Die Düse 13 ist in der Zeichnung nur schematisch dargestellt und kann mit dem Injektorgehause 2 über eine herkömmliche Spannmutter verbunden werden, auf deren Darstellung m der Zeichnung verzichtet wurde, um die Übersichtlichkeit zu wahren.A control unit 12 with a servo valve is furthermore arranged below the valve piston 9, the actuator 6 actuating the servo valve via the valve piston 9 and thus indirectly controlling the position of a nozzle needle 21 in the guide bore 20 of a nozzle 13 and thus controlling the fuel flow, which is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine via a nozzle 13 of the injector m. The nozzle 13 is only shown schematically in the drawing and can be connected to the injector housing 2 via a conventional clamping nut, the illustration of which has been omitted in the drawing in order to maintain clarity.
Schließlich weist der dargestellte Injektor eine besonders vorteilhafte Form der Leckageruckleitung auf, indem anstelle einer im wesentlichen über die gesamte Lange des Injektors durchgehenden zusätzlichen Leckageleitung eine ohnehin vor- handene zentrische Bohrung 14, m der ein Kolben 22 axial verschiebbar angeordnet ist, der die Dusennadel 21 beaufschlagt, für die Leckageruckleitung verwendet wird. Hierdurch wird der Fertigungsaufwand des dargestellten erfmdungsgema- ßen Injektors weiter verringert. Der dargestellte Injektor weist zwar ebenfalls eine axial verlaufende Leckageleitung 15 auf, jedoch erstreckt sich diese von oben nur bis unterhalb der Steuereinheit 12, wo die Leckageleitung 15 dann in die zentrische Bohrung 14 mundet. Die Verbindung der Leckageleitung 15 mit der zentrischen Bohrung 14 erfolgt hierbei durch eine radiale Bohrung 16, die sich an der Mundungsstelle der Leckageleitung 15 von der äußeren Mantelflache des Injektorgehause 2 bis nach innen zu der zentrischen Bohrung 14 er- streckt, wobei die Leckageleitung 15 angeschnitten wird, um den Eintritt von Leckageflüssigkeit aus der zentrischen Bohrung 14 in die Leckageleitung 15 zu ermöglichen. Eine derartige, radial von der Mantelfläche des Injektorgehäuses 2 nach innen verlaufende Bohrung 16 erfordert zwar eine Abdichtung der äußeren Mündungsöffnung durch eine Kugel 17, ist jedoch fertigungstechnisch wesentlich einfacher als andere konstruktive Möglichkeiten, die Leckageleitung 15 in die zentrische Bohrung 14 münden zu lassen.Finally, the injector shown has a particularly advantageous form of the leakage return line, in that instead of an additional leakage line running essentially over the entire length of the injector, an already existing central bore 14, with which a piston 22 is axially displaceably arranged, which the nozzle needle 21 is used for the leakage return line. This further reduces the manufacturing outlay for the injector according to the invention. The injector shown also has an axially extending leakage line 15, but this extends from above only to below the control unit 12, where the leakage line 15 then flows into the central bore 14. The connection of the leakage line 15 with the central bore 14 takes place here through a radial bore 16, which extends at the mouth of the leakage line 15 from the outer jacket surface of the injector housing 2 to the inside to the central bore 14. stretches, the leakage line 15 being cut to allow the entry of leakage liquid from the central bore 14 into the leakage line 15. Such a bore 16, which runs radially inwards from the lateral surface of the injector housing 2, does in fact require a sealing of the outer orifice opening by means of a ball 17, but is much simpler in terms of production technology than other design options for allowing the leakage line 15 to open into the central bore 14.
Bei der Montage des Injektors wird die Steuereinheit 12 mit dem Servoventil, dem Ventilgehäuse 11 und dem Ventilkolben 9 in das Injektorgehäuse 2 hineingeschoben. Daraufhin wird dann die axiale Lage des Ventilkolbens 9 relativ zu dem Aktuator 6 eingestellt, indem die Länge des Ventilkolbens 9 beispielsweise durch Messen und Schleifen angepaßt wird.When assembling the injector, the control unit 12 with the servo valve, the valve housing 11 and the valve piston 9 is pushed into the injector housing 2. The axial position of the valve piston 9 is then adjusted relative to the actuator 6 by adjusting the length of the valve piston 9, for example by measuring and grinding.
Die Erfindung beschränkt sich in ihrer Ausführung nicht auf die vorstehend angegebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele. Vielmehr ist eine Anzahl von Varianten denkbar, welche von der dargestellten Lösung auch bei grundsätzlich anders gearteten Ausführungen Gebrauch macht. The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiments specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Injektor für eine Einspritzanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine, mit einem Injektorkopf (1), einer Düse (13) zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine, einer Steuereinheit (12) zur Steuerung der Kraftstoffweiterleitung von dem Injektorkopf (1) zu der Düse (13) sowie einem Aktuator (6) zur mechanischen Ansteuerung der Steuereinheit (12) zur Steuerung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß an dem Injektorkopf (1) ein Injektorgehäuse (2) einstük- kig angeformt ist, das zumindest die Steuereinheit ( 12) auf- nimmt.1. injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine, with an injector head (1), a nozzle (13) for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, a control unit (12) for controlling the fuel transfer from the injector head (1) to the nozzle ( 13) and an actuator (6) for mechanical control of the control unit (12) for controlling the fuel injection, characterized in that an injector housing (2) is integrally formed on the injector head (1), which at least the control unit (12) takes.
2. Injektor nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Aktuator (6) direkt auf einen Ventilkolben (9) wirkt.2. Injector according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the actuator (6) acts directly on a valve piston (9).
3. Injektor nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Anlagefläche zwischen dem Aktuator (6) und dem Ventilkolben (9) so groß ist, daß bei einem Schaltvorgang ein Flüssigkeitsfilm zwischen den Kontaktflächen von Aktuator (6) und Ventilkolben (9) bestehen bleibt.3. Injector according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the contact surface between the actuator (6) and the valve piston (9) is so large that a liquid film between the contact surfaces of the actuator (6) and valve piston (9) remains during a switching operation.
4. Injektor nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die einander zugewandten Stirnflächen des Aktuators (6) und/oder des Ventilkolbens (9) leicht konvex geformt sind, um einen Abriß des Flüssigkeitsfilms zu verhindern.4. Injector according to claim 3, so that the mutually facing end faces of the actuator (6) and / or the valve piston (9) are slightly convex to prevent tearing of the liquid film.
5. Injektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß zwischen dem Aktuator (6) und dem Ventilkolben (9) eine Feder (10) angeordnet ist. 5. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spring (10) is arranged between the actuator (6) and the valve piston (9).
6. Injektor nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Ventilkolben (9) m einem separaten Ventilgehause (11) innerhalb des Injektorgehauses (2) angeordnet ist, um eine ansonsten zur Härtung des Ventilsitzes erforderliche Wärmebehandlung des Injektorgehauses (2) überflüssig zu machen.6. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve piston (9) m a separate valve housing (11) within the injector housing (2) is arranged to make an otherwise necessary for hardening the valve seat heat treatment of the injector housing (2) superfluous .
7. Injektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß an der Mantelflache des Injektorgehauses (2) außen ein umlaufender Bund (5) angeformt ist, der als Auflage für eine Spannpratze dient, um den Injektor axial m einer Aufnahme- bohrung m dem Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine zu verspannen.7. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the outer surface of the injector housing (2) is formed on the outside a circumferential collar (5) which serves as a support for a clamping claw to the injector axially m a receiving bore m the cylinder head to brace the internal combustion engine.
8. Injektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß an der Mantelflache des Injektorgehauses (2) außen8. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that on the outer surface of the injector housing (2) outside
Schlusselflachen (4) für den Eingriff einer Spannpratze angeformt sind, um im montierten Zustand eine Verdrehung des Injektors zu verhindern.Key surfaces (4) for the engagement of a clamping claw are formed in order to prevent rotation of the injector in the assembled state.
9. Injektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß eine im wesentlich axial verlaufende Leckageleitung (15) vorgesehen ist, die unterhalb der Steuereinheit (12) in eine zentrische Bohrung (14) mundet, die zur Aufnahme einer Steu- erstange sowie zur Leckageruckleitung dient.9. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an essentially axially extending leakage line (15) is provided, which flows below the control unit (12) into a central bore (14) which receives a control rod and for leakage return line serves.
10. Injektor nach Anspruch 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß in dem Injektorgehause (2) eine im wesentlichen radial verlaufende Bohrung (16) angeordnet ist, die an der Mundungsstelle der Leckageleitung (14) von außen bis zu der zentrischen Bohrung (14) durchgeht, um die Leckageleitung (15) mit der zentrischen Bohrung (14) zu verbinden, wobei die äußere Mündungsöffnung der radialen Bohrung (16) im montierten Zustand verschlossen ist.10. Injector according to claim 9, characterized in that in the injector housing (2) a substantially radially extending bore (16) is arranged which passes through at the mouth of the leakage line (14) from the outside to the central bore (14) the leakage line (15) with to connect the central bore (14), wherein the outer opening of the radial bore (16) is closed in the assembled state.
11. Injektor nach Anspruch 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die äußere Mündungsöffnung der radialen Bohrung (16) im montierten Zustand durch eine Kugel (17) verschlossen ist. 11. Injector according to claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the outer opening of the radial bore (16) in the assembled state is closed by a ball (17).
EP00910542A 1999-02-22 2000-02-18 Injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP1157203B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19907544A DE19907544C2 (en) 1999-02-22 1999-02-22 Injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine
DE19907544 1999-02-22
PCT/DE2000/000469 WO2000050761A1 (en) 1999-02-22 2000-02-18 Injector for an injection system of an internal combustion engine

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DE19907544C2 (en) 2002-12-05
US6561435B2 (en) 2003-05-13
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DE50000680D1 (en) 2002-11-28
WO2000050761A1 (en) 2000-08-31
EP1157203B1 (en) 2002-10-23
US20010054652A1 (en) 2001-12-27

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