EP1156722A2 - Vetement ou parties de vetement - Google Patents

Vetement ou parties de vetement

Info

Publication number
EP1156722A2
EP1156722A2 EP00906262A EP00906262A EP1156722A2 EP 1156722 A2 EP1156722 A2 EP 1156722A2 EP 00906262 A EP00906262 A EP 00906262A EP 00906262 A EP00906262 A EP 00906262A EP 1156722 A2 EP1156722 A2 EP 1156722A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clothing
positive
negative
shark skin
surface profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00906262A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Wolfgang Merten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE29901994U external-priority patent/DE29901994U1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1156722A2 publication Critical patent/EP1156722A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/0015—Sports garments other than provided for in groups A41D13/0007 - A41D13/088
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/18—Elastic
    • A41D31/185—Elastic using layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/012—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches for aquatic activities, e.g. with buoyancy aids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D2400/00—Functions or special features of garments
    • A41D2400/24—Reducing drag or turbulence in air or water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to clothing or a piece of clothing on the surface of which a positive shark skin surface profile for reducing the air resistance or a positive shark skin riplets variant is attached.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a piece of clothing or a piece of clothing of the type mentioned at the outset in order to solve this problem in a simple manner.
  • the advantage achieved according to the invention is that air and / or water currents, explosions, breakwaters, pressure waves, air and / or water vortices, avalanches, falls or falls, or escaping dangerous goods as gas or liquid medium, by attaching a positive shark skin Surface profile or a positive shark skin riplets variant on the clothing or the item of clothing can be derived more uniformly or mitigatingly.
  • the clothing and / or clothing items with a positive shark skin surface profile or a positive shark skin riplets variant can be used reliably for all known clothing areas and the application features and / or application examples derived therefrom.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant can be or will be attached to any material quality of a piece of clothing or a piece of clothing and, if necessary, can also be retrofitted by the inexperienced layperson without specialist training.
  • shark skin surface profile of the great white shark the gray reef shark, the hammerhead shark, the Galapagos shark, the blue shark, the tiger shark and the special skin profile structure of the thorn shark.
  • a scaled arrangement of the individual skin teeth on the surface becomes visible. If you look at the cross section of the shark skin, you get a cross-sectional profile.
  • the shark skin surface profile on objects showed a reduction in air resistance of between 8 and 10 percent and, when used on other objects, produced a reduction in air resistance between 18 and 20 percent.
  • a corresponding shark skin riplets film is currently used industrially to influence the flow on aircraft.
  • a positive shark skin surface profile or a positive shark skin riplets variant is attached to the clothing or a piece of clothing using two types of attachment.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile is stamped onto the clothing or item of clothing by a mechanical, cold or thermoplastic profile shaping process. This also applies to the attachment of the positive shark skin riplets variant.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant is identical to the respective material components of the clothing or the item of clothing; this also applies without restriction to textiles with an embossable coating on the surface.
  • the second type of attachment is that the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant as a film or tape is self-adhesive, adhesive and or weldable on the underside.
  • the shark skin surface profile is inextricably linked to the clothing or item of clothing by heat welding, laser welding, adhesive welding, ultrasonic welding or manual or mechanical sewing.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant can be applied with a thin layer consisting of plastic or lacquer , Metal, non-ferrous metal or ceramic, these can be combined as materials.
  • the coating is heat-resistant, cold-resistant and / or acid-proof. At the same time, this coating optionally protects clothing or the item of clothing and / or the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant against UV radiation stress. Even better air flow properties are preferably achieved by the materials referred to.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant as a film or tape can be flexible and / or elastic with the previously mentioned properties in the material and related to it from plastic, metal, non-ferrous metal, a natural shark skin or from Ceramic exist, or be made transparent for special applications.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant can be applied to the surface during manufacture by embossing, laser milling, machine milling or water pressure jet milling.
  • the positive shark skin surface prof 1 or the positive shark skin riplets variant as a film or tape can be reinforced with a textile fabric.
  • These textiles can include all products made from fibrous materials, e.g. Fabrics, ribbons, belts, knitwear and knitwear, etc.
  • the arrangement of the skin teeth on the surface of the shark skin can point in its total number either only in one direction or in several directions.
  • This uniform or non-uniform alignment of the skin teeth in their total number can therefore have the most varied of shapes and / or patterns.
  • the skin teeth in their overall arrangement on the skin of the shark can also have differently larger or narrower distances from one another. It is also possible to adapt the individual skin teeth to the requirements of a current. In this case, the skin teeth become more fluid with one another, that is to say they can be elongated in shape.
  • the skin teeth in their overall arrangement on a surface can also be of different sizes and / or shapes.
  • the shape of the skin teeth includes the possible combinations of all known or described shark species.
  • the various design options of the Sharkskin surface profiles enable optimization to reduce air resistance on bodies.
  • the term positive shark skin surface profile or positive shark skin riplets variant is defined technically below.
  • the replica of the surface-like shark skin pattern and its most varied variants is called a positive shark skin surface profile or a positive shark skin surface profile variant.
  • the replica of the shark skin pattern of a rib structure running in the direction of flow, also known as riplets, and its most varied variants or derivatives derived therefrom are referred to as positive shark skin riplets or as positive shark skin riplets variant.
  • the technologically feasible impression of the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant produces the negative shark skin surface profile or the negative shark skin surface profile riplets variant or negative shark skin riplets variant.
  • the positive designs of the shark skin described here bring about a reduction in aerodynamic drag of approx.
  • the negative designs of the shark skin types also referred to here cause a reduction or an advantageous potentiation depending on the technical use on the object, i.e. Increasing the aerodynamic resistance by approx. 8 to 14% with the technical advantage that e.g. rotating objects or propeller systems of all kinds can be optimized for energy generation, for energy saving or optionally for influencing speed.
  • the basis for these positive and / or negative species is the model of the shark skin and / or the most diverse variants that derive from it, e.g. For an artificial design as an adhesive and / or transparent film or as a tape or for the direct introduction of material in part and / or over the entire surface of objects.
  • the surface of these shark skin profiles is partially or completely covered with different colors or designed in one color. It can be printed with numbers, letters, lettering, technical signs, advertising, company names, fluorescent, in camouflage colors as Mimiry or signal colors as well as with a wide variety of patterns and symbols or be configured differently.
  • the clothing or the items of clothing with the partial or full-surface arranged positive shark skin surface profile variants and / or the positive shark skin riplets variants are suitable for general sport, amateur sport and professional sport in use at Olympic games, world championships, European championships, national championships, club sports or competitive sports open to the public and various World Cup events.
  • the following sports are named:
  • clothing areas such as the following are used as clothing or clothing for: Sports, high-performance sports, sailors or sports sailors, deep-sea sailing, shooters or athletes, mountain or alpine sports, sandy deserts, sandstorms, arctic temperatures, deep-sea rescue, pilots, ship crews, Formula 1 drivers and Formula 2 to 3, motorcyclists , Motorcycle athletes, cyclists or cyclists, the work, the workplace, divers or sports divers, all military branches, rain covers, sports rain covers, or against rain, speed skating, ski jumpers, ski jump jumpers, downhill skiing, fire brigade or fire service, ice doors, Ice-cream shows, skiers, skiers, jockeys in equestrian sports, named.
  • the clothing or the items of clothing with the partial or full-surface positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant are advantageously used on animals e.g. Attach horses, dogs or cats. Partial or full coverage of horses or dogs has the advantage that an improvement in speed to the desired goal is achieved in competitive sporting events by reducing the air resistance. The reduction in aerodynamic drag also counteracts the psychological competition stress in animals and the competition activities that do not correspond to their species.
  • a special form of attaching the clothing or a piece of clothing with the partial or full surface arranged positive shark skin surface profile or a positive shark skin riplets variant and the previously mentioned inventive features consists of this for attachment to helmets in partial or full surface form to be installed as a span or as a covering or as a covering.
  • the attachment of the partial or full-surface covering or the overvoltage to the helmet surface can advantageously be detachable again or is partially or completely adhered to the surface of the helmet in the case of non-detachable attachment, or is permanently attached to the helmet surface in another attachment.
  • the most suitable or diverse air resistance reduction patterns on part or all of the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant on a wide variety of helmet sizes or protective helmet sizes with the most diverse helmet or protective helmet design in order to achieve a reduction in Air resistance can be attached. It is up to the user of a helmet as a partial or full-surface covering or as a covering or as a covering on helmets to choose whether to correct the helmet covering or the helmet covering according to the topographical, climatic or atmospheric conditions on site. This directional correction of the positive shark skin surface profile and / or the positive shark skin riplets variant on the helmet is advantageous for adaptation in the previously described climatic conditions.
  • the fixing of the helmet overvoltage or the helmet cover is advantageously carried out on the circumferential side edge of the helmet.
  • helmets With visor window function. All types of helmets, protective helmets, sports helmets, competition sports helmets can advantageously be designed on their surface, as well as on their inner or circumferential side edges, taking into account all types of helmet constituent materials.
  • helmets sports helmets, rescue helmets, protective helmets or competition sports helmets are as follows:
  • Sports helmets for ski jump jumpers sports helmets for
  • Helmets or safety helmets for use by the fire brigade, helmets or safety helmets for use by the police, helmets or protective hats for the military and all branches of arms, helmets, rescue helmets, protective helmets, sports helmets or competitive sports helmets of all kinds.
  • the reduction in the air resistance on the listed types of helmets in a wide variety of uses for example in athletes or mih ' tars, stabilizes use and protects the head area against high wind speeds, pressure waves, for example explosions, water waves, avalanches or the like .
  • a first type of attachment of the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant is carried out as a cover, covering or cladding, wherein the cover, covering or cladding can have the same material properties or characteristics as an item of clothing or a piece of clothing.
  • the second type of attachment of the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant to inanimate bodies or planar bodies is carried out by the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant being designed as a film material with or without tissue reinforcement is.
  • Another additional method of attachment according to the invention to inanimate bodies consists in attaching the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant directly to the material of an inanimate body or to inanimate bodies in whole or in part.
  • These three types of attachment of the positive shark skin surface profile or the positive shark skin riplets variant are used for:
  • the peculiarity in this use group is that all types of wind sails, ships' sails, energy generation sails, diving sails, umbrellas or parachutes on their outer or inner surface or on their two-sided surfaces, either partially or over their entire surface with a positive and / or negative shark skin - Surface profile or a positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant can be attached.
  • the body to be steered becomes more maneuverable, this applies to sailing:
  • the material properties and the two types of attachment, the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile and / or the positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant is also suitable for the production of energy.
  • partial solar cells are attached to the surface of the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile or the positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant.
  • the partial arrangement of solar cells is arranged in a series arrangement to form solar modules, the interconnection of several solar modules to be carried out being referred to as a solar generator.
  • solar cells are connected in series to increase the voltage and parallel to increase the current.
  • the cells or modules interconnected in this way are optionally equipped with a flexible and / or elastic material frame.
  • the solar cells or solar modules can be rigid, flexible and / or elastic in their material.
  • the solar cells, solar foils, solar modules or solar module foils are provided with the corresponding electrical connections and a solar generator for direct current generation.
  • the first type is that of an off-grid photovoltaic system
  • the second type is that of a photovoltaic system in parallel operation.
  • the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile solar generator or the positive and / or negative shark skin riplets solar generator is accordingly suitable for both types of a power-producing photovoltaic system.
  • a photovoltaic system of the first type it is divided into a solar generator, a charge controller and batteries.
  • the electricity consumer must pay attention to the suitability of his electrical devices for the operation of 12/24 V direct current. Which is an advantage if the public power grid is not available, for example, for campers or sailors.
  • the direct current generated is produced during the day and used for electrical devices or stored in a battery. During the night, the need for the consumer is fed from the battery.
  • the direct current generated by the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile solar generator or the positive and / or negative shark skin riplets solar generator is converted into alternating current in the inverter (PV distributor), before it can be used by the electricity consumer for household appliances or electrical devices or fed into the public power grid.
  • This planar positive and / or negative shark skin surface prof 1 solar generator hereinafter also referred to as positive and or negative shark skin riplets solar generator, can in another advantageous embodiment with a charge controller integrated in the film material or with a battery be provided.
  • the battery or the charge controller can be remotely located.
  • the battery can also be easily removed and replaced, e.g. to create a battery or energy supply. Microchip control of the solar and electrical connections is also advantageous to improve the energy yield.
  • the previously so-called areal positive and or negative sharkskin solar generator and / or the positive and or negative sharkskin riplets solar generator can be subdivided in part or over the entire area into chambers which can be inflated by valves are.
  • the filling quantity of the chambers with a gaseous medium depends on the most favorable position for reducing the air resistance and / or the most effective angle of incidence of sunlight.
  • the filling quantity can be controlled electronically or sensor-electronically by recording the local climatic conditions.
  • the arrangement of the solar cells or solar modules can be microchip-controlled for optimum energy yield or, in connection with a corresponding sensor system, can be aligned nanomechanically to the most favorable light incidence angle
  • the planar positive and / or negative shark skin solar generator or the positive and / or negative shark skin riplets solar generator can be used to air-condition the solar cells with a cold producing material and the corresponding electrical devices and connections can be configured over part or over the entire surface.
  • the cooling effect achieved is partly kept in operation with the solar cell energy.
  • the properties of the positive and or negative shark skin surface profiles to reduce the air resistance are important with regard to the combination ratio to solar cells, since solar generators lose 10 to 12 percent of their energy output when heated by sunlight from approx. 40 to 50 degrees Celsius and beyond. Therefore, the properties of the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profiles, to influence the air flow or to influence it turbulently, can be used excellently for the air conditioning of the solar cells or the solar modules. Thus, the energy loss is compensated for in an advantageous manner and even turns into an excess of energy.
  • the positive and or negative shark skin surface profiles and the solar cells or solar modules form a material unit before and after attachment to objects or bodies, this is preferably for e.g. a surface design is an advantage.
  • the second type of attachment differs from the first type of attachment in that the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profiles or the two-dimensional solar generator represent two separate material elements before being attached to bodies or objects. And only work in an arrangement next to each other, in a combined combination of their previously described physical properties.
  • geometrical structures of all kinds can be designed for bodies or on bodies in accordance with the most varied of requirements.
  • An energy triad of this type can be used for a wide variety of energy demand sectors.
  • the clothing or item of clothing becomes closely related in the definition of:
  • the partial surface configuration of the outer surface of the balloon envelope or passenger cabin takes place here with solar cells and / or a positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile or with a positive and / or negative shark skin solar generator.
  • the balloon envelope can also be designed in all forms, figurative and / or geometric shape. Round cylinders with a semicircular attachment, spiral or screw-shaped structures or any other type are either anchored to the floor or used by ships of all types to generate energy.
  • the balloon envelope can have a wide variety of colors and color combinations, as can advertising lettering, lettering and advertising images convey electronic visual messages of an optical nature.
  • the solar cell energy on the outer surface of the balloon envelope can be used by means of its electrical devices and connections for the permanent heating of the gaseous medium inside the balloon. This results in the advantages of the energy triad according to the invention as energy production, energy use and energy saving. In conclusion, an energy saving with speed advantage or buoyancy stability or an energy gain with higher buoyancy stability due to the turbulence effect of the negative shark skin variants.
  • the combination of the partial surface arrangement of solar cells and the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile or the positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant or alternatively a positive and / or negative Sharkskin solar generator on all types of aircraft is an advantage.
  • every aircraft type can also be retrofitted.
  • the partial arrangement of solar cells can result in the icing of e.g. Prevent aircraft wings, at the same time reducing fuel consumption reduces fuel consumption by approx. 5 to 10 percent. This also increases the potential for on-board energy supply, which is important for transcontinental scheduled flights.
  • the curved outer surface of a sail is also advantageous.
  • the flow-controlling property of the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profiles also serves to cool the solar cells, with solar cells or solar modules advantageously also being used here without heat accumulation and without a reduction in energy output.
  • the partial or full-surface arrangement of a positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile or a positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant on bobsleigh sleds is sportily suitable for ice channel runs in the Classifications for:
  • One-bobsleigh, two-man bobsleigh, three-man bobsleigh, or four-man bobsleigh are an advantage. This increases the maneuverability in the ice channel and the susceptibility to side gusts of wind is significantly reduced, and a speed advantage can also be seen.
  • a positive and / or negative shark skin surface generator can also be attached.
  • the partial or full-surface arrangement of solar cells and / or a positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile or a positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant or alternatively a positive and / or negative shark skin solar generator variant optionally for the following application areas:
  • Helicopters of all types for two-bladed boat or ship propulsion screws of all kinds, for energy recovery mills with one or more bodies of all kinds in atmospheric rotation, for single- or multi-bladed underwater rotors for
  • Watermills, underwater energy systems with rotors, windmills with sails, windmill blades, rotor blades on wind power plants are particularly suitable Attachment of positive and / or negative shark skin solar generator variants and / or that of positive and / or negative shark skin riplets solar generator variants or optionally a partial or full surface positive and / or negative shark skin Surface profile with or without solar cells.
  • the attachment of solar cells increases energy generation and at the same time harmonizes the rotational moment of the rotor blades in wind turbines.
  • the permanent rotation movement automatically ensures that the solar modules are air-conditioned, which increases the energy yield on the object and becomes more economical.
  • the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variants can also be applied to the turbine blade or a turbine propeller by stamping.
  • the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variants would be identical to the material components of the turbine blade or the turbine propeller. It is also possible to attach the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variants.
  • the lift improves depending on the setting of the rotor blade angle. This increases the vertical and horizontal flight characteristics and favors the so-called dragonfly effect, which can be important for both civil and military helicopter missions, for example in evasive maneuvers before attacking flying objects.
  • the high-speed rotation of the rotor blades which essentially produces the sound waves when confronted with the atmosphere, is noticeably reduced.
  • all types of propellers in atmospheric rotation are significantly quieter, with helicopters in civil or military use, sneaking is favored, with ships or submarines, sonar sneaking.
  • the partial or full-surface attachment of solar cells and / or a positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variant to the two annular side surfaces of profile tires of all known types of use is advantageous, this also applies to the partial or full surface attachment to wheel rims or hub caps.
  • the inside of the tire can be optimally maintained in temperature, which is important for the tire material and for the stability and driving properties in the cold.
  • the energy obtained can also be used in optical reading to check the tire pressure or for weak safety lighting or for another energetic form, e.g. in the form of a microchip control in conjunction with a sensory recording of the tire pressure, its temperature or its material properties and / or material wear. It would also be conceivable to optically change the illuminated signs and / or writing in the event of danger, e.g. the loss of tire pressure.
  • this positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant can also represent a second positive and / or negative sharkskin solar generator in use.
  • This new training is referred to below as a positive and / or negative shark skin riplets solar generator and is used in the same most diverse previously described application examples.
  • this positive and / or negative shark skin riplets variant can be attached to a surface in a separate arrangement from solar cells.
  • the material features as well as the material components
  • the shark skin surface profile is again named as positive shark skin surface profile
  • the shark skin riplets variant is named as positive shark skin riplets variant
  • the shark skin solar generator is named as a positive shark skin solar generator
  • the shark skin riplets solar generator is named as a positive shark skin riplets solar generator. If one technically produces a surface impression of the individual positive variants listed here,
  • a negative shark skin surface profile a negative shark skin riplets variant, a negative shark skin solar generator, a negative shark skin riplet solar generator.
  • positive variants and / or negative variants listed here are partially and / or entirely on the front and / or back or on the inner and / or outer surfaces of objects in accordance with the technical requirements and can be combined with one another his.
  • a large number of microscopic holes e.g. of approx. 0.05 mm depth.
  • the arrangement of these microscopic holes with respect to one another can be ordered and / or disordered or can take place at small or larger intervals.
  • the determination of the most varied mounting depths as well as the diameter of this large number of small holes can be uniform and / or uneven according to the flow requirements, the bore diameter of the holes being smaller and / or larger in the full and / or partial surface mounting on the inside and / or Outside surfaces can be designed on objects.
  • this surface profile technique is therefore referred to as a surface drilling profile.
  • This surface drilling profile can have any flow-favorable pattern over part and / or over the entire surface and adapts to every material outer and / or material inner surface shape.
  • the function of these many microscopic holes is to suck in a part of the gaseous medium flowing along the aircraft or other objects. This also applies to rotating turbine propellers or turbine rings or similar rotating objects or other objects in a flow rotation.
  • the reduction in flow resistance reduces the kerosene consumption in an aircraft by up to 15%.
  • This surface drilling profile is referred to below as positive surface drilling prof-1, ie a multiplicity of small holes are made on an outer and / or inner surface. It is also possible to print this positive surface drilling profile.
  • positive surface drilling prof-1 ie a multiplicity of small holes are made on an outer and / or inner surface. It is also possible to print this positive surface drilling profile.
  • the large number of small holes in a large number of small, for example cylindrical structures or the like on an outer surface and or inner surface.
  • miniature cylindrical structures enable improved swirl compression in the previously and in the attachment and / or use types to be mentioned below and are classified below as a negative bore surface profile.
  • positive and / or negative surface drilling profile variants or their similar configurations as positive and / or negative surface drilling profile effect variants.
  • the use of the positive and / or negative surface drilling profile serves for the partial and / or full-surface design of engine turbine blades, turbine rings or turbine propellers and causes the gaseous medium, for example air, to be sucked in increasingly by the propeller rotation, which leads to a higher medium compression in the Turbine leads inside and thus causes an increased energy yield and thrust.
  • a large number of small and / or larger images of the suction cups of cephalopods can be partially and / or completely on the inner and / or outer surfaces, Attach octopus, squid, sepia, octopus, nautilus and / or their various types or the like.
  • the respective suction cups on the tentacles of the most diverse cephalopod species e.g.
  • octopus suction cup surface profiles sepia, squid, octopus, octopus, nautilus
  • octopus suction cup surface profiles sepia, squid, octopus, octopus, nautilus
  • This type of octopus suction cup surface profile is referred to below either as a positive octopus suction cup surface profile impression or as a positive octopus suction cup surface profile variant.
  • the octopus surface profile should be designed in such a way that it reflects the condition of the sick suction cups or the octopus suction cup in the compression suction pressure.
  • octopus suction cups have found, for example, in deep-sea octopuses, octopus or squid, or others Cephalopods optimally adapted to the deep sea pressure conditions. These cephalopod species can use their tentacles with the specially designed rows of suction cups to fix their prey in a wide range of depths.
  • the physical pressure conditions of the deep sea from 100 m to 2500 m are similar to the variable pressure conditions inside turbines, whereby the variable pressure conditions inside turbines depend on the respective requirement of the thrust energy.
  • a turbine blade can have a positive octopus suction cup surface profile on its front, the individual positive octopus suction cup optionally also having a hole in the center core.
  • the back of a turbine blade can have a negative octopus suction cup surface profile, the individual negative octopus suction cup optionally also having a hole in the center core.
  • the arrangement of the positive and / or negative octopus suction cups with a hole in their center core can be such that the hole optionally also passes through the turbine blade material, the positive and / or negative octopus suction cups advantageously on the front and / or rear side of a turbine blade are arranged congruently.
  • a turbine propeller can favor the intake flow in its rotation, and the rotation and or compression pressure inside a turbine is also improved by up to 12%.
  • the octopus suction cups of a positive and / or negative octopus suction cup surface profile can optionally be designed with a center hole or without a center hole.
  • the individual positive impression and / or negative impression octopus suction cups can also be made 1: 1 larger and / or smaller on a natural scale.
  • the positive impression and / or negative impression octopus suction cups can be configured in a flat configuration in the same size with respect to one another or reduced and / or enlarged relative to one another, or can be arranged at smaller and / or larger distances from one another.
  • This previously mentioned partial and / or full-surface configuration with the formulated properties also applies to the positive and / or negative Rrakei compression suction cup surface profile in partial or full surface Arrangement.
  • octopus suction cups or octopus compression suction cup impressions This also includes the most diverse replicas or similar patterns of octopus suction cups or octopus compression suction cup impressions; this also applies to a so-called octopus suction cup surface profile or a octopus compression suction cup surface profile variant.
  • a partial positive and / or full-surface spiral-shaped positive and / or negative surface drilling profile can be attached to and / or on or next to the positive impression and / or negative impression octopus suction cups, or another flow-favorable pattern shape.
  • Designated positive lotus leaf surface profile structure is based on the surface profile structure of a lotus leaf or similarly derived surface structures.
  • An essential extension of this biological system is the so-called lotus effect, which also includes or takes into account other leaf surfaces of other plants. Whereby hydrophobic leaf surfaces, which appear extremely roughened under the microscope, repel dirt particles and / or water in a non-soiling property.
  • the lotus effect is achieved by strongly domed or papillary epidermal cells in the interaction of epicuticular wax crystals.
  • the technique of artificial replicas in surface-like configuration or similar replicas is designated as a lotus effect model, as a lotus effect surface profile or as a lotus effect surface profile variant and thus as a positive lotus effect surface profile and / or positive lotus effect surface profile variant.
  • the individual lotus surface structures or lotus effect surface structures which in their multiplicity form the lotus surface profile or the lotus effect surface profile, can be enlarged by ten to twenty times or by twenty, fifty, one hundred, two hundred and thousand times and / or or be reduced in size.
  • the lotus surface structures or Lotus effect surface structures can be attached in a uniform size or in a non-uniform size, partially and / or over the entire surface.
  • this positive lotus leaf surface profile structure or positive lotus surface surface profile structure produces the negative lotus leaf surface profile structure or the negative lotus leaf surface profile structure.
  • the optional usability of the positive and / or negative lotus leaf surface profile structure or the positive and / or negative lotus effect surface profile structure can be attached to the turbine inner surfaces and / or turbine outer surfaces in part and / or over the entire surface, as well as to turbine blades, turbine rings, turbine blade rings or turbine propellers.
  • Such a design of inner and / or outer surfaces in engine turbines, water, gas or steam turbines prevents dirt particles or particles from chemically problematic interaction from sticking, and the flowability of the gaseous and / or liquid medium is also promoted, which leads to a more stable medium Energy yield or thrust contributes.
  • the negative lotus leaf surface profile or negative lotus effect surface profile is advantageous for objects of all kinds which have or need a partial and / or full-surface coating, and can be added technically in a further advantageous embodiment as a component in attachment colors for objects. As part of the base color e.g. or as a coating, the subsequent adherence of other color coatings to objects improves. According to the invention, it is possible to roughen an object surface.
  • the negative lotus leaf surface profile is applied by a partial and / or full-surface nanomechanical embossing process or by laser and / or X-ray laser milling and / or high-pressure water jet milling.
  • the properties and inventive features described here also include a combination of the positive and or negative lotus leaf surface profile and / or of the negative lotus effect surface profile is possible in partial and / or full area or in partial and / or full application.
  • Another solution according to the invention consists in the positive and / or negative To apply the lotus leaf surface profile or the positive and / or negative lotus effect surface profile to solar cells in part and / or over the entire area as a transparent adhesive tape and / or as an adhesive film in order to achieve the corresponding dirt-repellent effect. Attachment to energy mills or their rotors with or without configured solar cells / solar modules is also useful.
  • According to the invention is also a partial and / or full-surface or spiral band-shaped configuration by a positive and / or negative lotus leaf surface profile and / or a positive and / or negative lotus effect surface profile variant on the inner surface in rotary flow channels, pipes of all kinds or the like for influencing the flow a gaseous and / or liquid medium advantageous.
  • these surface profile types have the property of optimizing the intake blades, so-called fans, for example in engine turbines. And that Improved suction and / or more compressed gaseous medium is pressed into the combustion chamber by the compressor and the kerosene injected at the same time is ignited. The now ignited gaseous medium shoots at a blade ring, the actual turbine, with enormous pressure speed. This increases the turbine thrust with lower fuel consumption, and the engine weight can also be reduced in the technical design.
  • An optional partial and / or full-surface attachment for example on the middle compressor, on the high pressure compressor, the high pressure turbine, the middle turbine, the low pressure turbine and / or the blower duct, results in a turbine thrust improvement of at least 3% to a maximum of 7%.
  • This type of energy performance improvement can also be retrofitted for existing turbine types.
  • the hot exhaust gas from the turbine, which meets the cold, inert outside air in speed confrontation, is also favorably influenced, ie reduces noise.
  • the types of surface profile are therefore suitable for influencing a turbulent flow around and / or throughflow on stationary and / or accelerated bodies and / or on stationary rotatable and / or rotating bodies.
  • the surface profile types can be designed with a thin coating of metal, steel, steel alloys, non-ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal alloys, plastic, plastic alloys, ceramics, ceramic alloys, metal plastic or metal-plastic alloys in part and / or over the entire surface.
  • the respective surface profile is identical to the surface and / or inner surface material of the object. It is also possible to coat the positive and / or negative surface profile types described above in part and / or over the entire area with positive and / or negative lotus leaf surface profile variants.
  • bionic surface profile variants Insects or worms that have suction cups or similar devices are summarized in the following classification as a bionic surface profile variant. These bionic surface profile variants can be found e.g. with leeches,
  • the profiling technology can be realized or the arrangement of solar cells for energy generation that the clothing or a piece of clothing and its mentioned design types in retail for the customer or for energy consumption is either minimally expensive or pays off financially in the energy sector at an early stage. This is a significant advantage in view of the global climate change that is already becoming apparent.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the very roughly shown positive sharkskin surface files as an embossing on a clothing material
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the very roughly illustrated positive shark skin surface files as an embossing on a film material in two-dimensional connection with a clothing material
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the very roughly shown in its profile contours positive shark skin surface profile as a film material without tissue reinforcement, which is connected in a first area connection with a fabric material, the fabric material in a second area connection with the clothing or Garment material is connected
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view in section of the positive shark skin surface profile shown very roughly in its profile contours as a fabric-reinforced film material in a first areal connection with a fabric material, the fabric material being connected in a second areal connection with the clothing or piece of clothing material,
  • FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the surface of a roughly illustrated positive shark skin surface profile
  • Fig. 7 shows an area of a tailored clothing material
  • Fig. 8 shows a body, which is partially covered with a clothing material or
  • Garment material is designed, a positive shark skin surface profile being partially applied to the garment material or the garment material on the surface or outer surface thereof.
  • FIG. 9 shows the plan view from above of a sail with a partial arrangement of a positive shark skin surface profile and the separate arrangement of solar modules for energy generation
  • FIG. 10 shows the plan view of a sail with the partial arrangement of a positive shark skin solar generator for energy generation
  • FIG. 11 shows the areal rough illustration of a turbine blade with an embossed positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variant.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a configured sharkskin skin tooth 7 in a perspective view.
  • This skin tooth 7, also referred to in layman's terms as scale 7, can have a wide variety of air or water flow properties, depending on the nature of the shark species.
  • the different skin teeth 7 of the great white shark and the threshing shark for a common shark skin surface profile 8 can be used, this type of shark skin-skin tooth combination 7 can be used for each shark type and its type-specific skin teeth to form a shark skin surface profile 8.
  • One or more skin tooth types 7 of the most varied shark types can design a shark skin surface profile 8. Starting from the natural scale 1: 1, the shark skin teeth 7 can be reduced and / or enlarged to form a shark skin surface profile 8.
  • FIG. 2 shows in cross section the arrangement of the positive shark skin surface profile 8 on a clothing material 1 or that of a piece of clothing material 1.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile 8 is embossed using a cold mechanical or thermoplastic surface profile shaping method or a nanomechanical embossing or profile shaping method .
  • the positive shark skin surface profile 8 attached in this way is identical to the clothing or clothing material 1.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile 8 can be protected against UV radiation stress, acid, liquid dangerous goods or salt water with a layer consisting of plastic, steel, steel alloys, non-ferrous metals, non-ferrous metal alloys or ceramics or ceramic alloys.
  • the surface of the positive shark skin surface profile 8 with letters (not shown), numbers, lettering, characters, technical characters, company names or company advertising. This is done either with the most varied of colors or in one color, and the examples given here can also be designed to be fluorescent. Likewise, patterns in spiral shape, star shape, circular shape, sun or wave shape or other types of patterns can be applied to achieve the most favorable reduction in air or water resistance. This also applies to the use of positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variant / s 8,8b.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile 8 is embossed on a film material 3 by a cold or thermoplastic surface profile shaping process or attached by machine milling.
  • This film 3 can be made of elastic and / or flexible plastic, steel, steel alloys, non-ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal alloys or from the natural shark skin itself exist and can either be glued, self-adhesive or weldable.
  • 3 shows a film material 3 with an adhesive layer 6 in connection with the clothing or clothing material 1.
  • the film material 3 with the attached positive shark skin surface profile is advantageously attached flush or otherwise cheaply to the clothing 1 or the clothing item 1. This also applies to the use of positive and / or negative shark skin surface prof J variant / s 8,8b.
  • FIG. 4 shows in cross section, as described in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inventive features of a positive shark skin surface profile 8 as film material 3, which is connected in a first areal connection to a fabric material.
  • the flat fabric material 4 are textiles which comprise products made from fibrous materials, e.g. Fabrics, ribbons, belts, knitwear or knitwear.
  • the flat fabric material 4 can penetrate the film 3 and is designed to be narrow or wide-meshed and made of viscose, polyamide, natural or chemical fiber mixed fabric, terry fabric, ceramic fabric, cotton fabric, silk, chain fabric made of non-ferrous metal, aramid fabric, steel or fabric Steel alloys, aluminum mesh or titanium mesh, glass fiber mesh, cole fiber mesh, Kevlar mesh or consisting of combinations of these meshes.
  • the film 3 can be reinforced individually or additionally by plastic fiber, glass fiber, non-ferrous metal fiber, aluminum fiber, armaid fiber, steel fiber, titanium fiber or natural fiber. These fibers can be combined with the fabric described.
  • the fabric material 4 is connected in a second areal connection to the clothing material 1 or the clothing material 1. This also applies to the use of positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variants 8.8b or positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile riplets variant / s 8.8b.
  • FIG. 5 shows in cross-section as described in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 the inventive features of the positive shark skin surface profile 8 and the fabric material 4.
  • the foil material 3 in this FIG. 5 is crossed with a fabric material 4 as 4 previously described in FIG. 4 under fabric material 4.
  • the positive shark skin surface profile 8 is preferably not traversed with a fabric material 4 on its surface, but only in the interior of the film material 3.
  • the first areal connection takes place with the fabric material 4, the material properties or material components of which, as described in FIG. 4 under fabric material 4, form a second areal connection with the item of clothing or the clothing material 1.
  • This also applies to the use of positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variants 8.8 b and / or positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile riplets variants 8.8 b.
  • FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 show a section of the top view of a positive shark skin surface profile 8 with the inventive features mentioned in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
  • the surface is designed in a uniform arrangement from left to right with shark skin teeth 7, which form the positive shark skin surface profile 8, for reducing air or water resistance.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 show, with the features previously mentioned according to the invention, optionally from FIGS. 1 to 6, an areal-shaped sail 1 as a textile fabric, which is provided with a positive shark skin surface profile 8 attached over part of the surface.
  • the surface 2 of the sail 1 is provided with a positive shark skin surface profile 8 which, when used for a ship 1, can derive a wide variety of air currents. What. e.g. for sailors a higher speed stability or maneuverability of the ship 5 results.
  • the most diverse aerodynamic drag reduction patterns of all suitable types of sails 1 are advantageous.
  • This also applies to the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile variants 8.8b or the positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile riplets variant 8.8b.
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the previously mentioned properties according to the invention of clothing 1 or of a piece of clothing 1 with a positive shark skin surface profile 8 arranged on part of a body 5.
  • the outer surface 2 or surface 2 of clothing 1 or of clothing 1 den Design body 5 in partial three-dimensional cover (not shown). This also applies to the various positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile types 8, 8b previously described.
  • FIG. 9 optionally shows the features previously mentioned according to the invention from FIGS. 1 to 8 a top view of a sail 1. on the surface 2 of which a positive shark skin surface profile 8 is partially applied and solar cells 9 as solar modules 9 are arranged in a partially separate arrangement.
  • the interaction of these separately arranged elements 8 and 9 enables favorable energy generation on the surface 2 of the sail 1 and also has the character of a sharkskin solar generator 8 and 9. This also applies to the previously described various positive and / or negative sharkskin Surface profile types 8,8b.
  • Fig. 10 shows the previously mentioned features according to the invention, optionally from Figures 1 to 9, the partial plan view of e.g. a sail 1 in partial area arrangement with a positive sharkskin solar generator 8, 9, 3, which, with the appropriate electrical connections and devices, allows partial or total area objects 5 or other suitable bodies 5 of all kinds to be obtained in a favorable manner .
  • This also applies to the previously described various positive and / or negative shark skin surface profile types 8.8b.
  • FIGS. 1 to 10 shows with the previously mentioned features according to the invention optionally from FIGS. 1 to 10 in plan view the rough contour of a single turbine blade for use on jet engines, the positive shark skin surface profile 8 also by:
  • Embossing, laser milling, high-pressure water jet milling, milling, a cold and / or thermal nanomechanical profile shaping process or in another corresponding manner is attached to the turbine blade material either partially or over the entire surface in a favorable air resistance reduction pattern.
  • These types of attachment of a positive shark skin surface profile 8 to one or more turbine blades make it identical to the respective turbine blade material.
  • This also applies to the partial or full-surface design of turbine blades or turbine rings or turbine propellers of all types, with the two surfaces of a turbine blade optionally having all favorable material elevations in partial or full-surface shapes and / or patterns. This also applies to the previously described partial or full-surface application of foils.
  • Negative shark skin surface riplets variants negative and / or positive surface profile types

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un vêtement ou une partie de vêtement sur la surface externe duquel(de laquelle) est appliquée, en partie ou en totalité, une variante de profil superficiel en peau de requin, positif et/ou négatif ou une variante de riblets à profil superficiel en peau de requin, négatif et/ou positif, afin de réduire ou de dynamiser la résistance de l'air ou la résistance de l'eau, ou bien d'autres types de profils superficiels positifs et/ou négatifs.
EP00906262A 1999-02-06 2000-02-01 Vetement ou parties de vetement Withdrawn EP1156722A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29901994U 1999-02-06
DE29901994U DE29901994U1 (de) 1999-02-06 1999-02-06 Bekleidung oder Bekleidungsstücke
DE10000780A DE10000780A1 (de) 1999-02-06 2000-01-11 Bekleidung oder Bekleidungsstücke
DE10000780 2000-01-11
PCT/EP2000/000797 WO2000045656A2 (fr) 1999-02-06 2000-02-01 Vetement ou parties de vetement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1156722A2 true EP1156722A2 (fr) 2001-11-28

Family

ID=26003790

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00906262A Withdrawn EP1156722A2 (fr) 1999-02-06 2000-02-01 Vetement ou parties de vetement

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EP (1) EP1156722A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2800700A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000045656A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008108881A2 (fr) * 2006-09-08 2008-09-12 Steven Sullivan Procédé et dispositif pour atténuer des sillages de tourbillon d'attaque de corps générateurs de levage ou de poussée
GB2444804B (en) * 2006-12-15 2009-04-01 Speedo Int Ltd Elasticated sports garments
RU2481776C2 (ru) * 2008-07-22 2013-05-20 Спидо Интернешнл Лимитед Предметы одежды
US10716340B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2020-07-21 Nike, Inc. System and device for affecting drag properties of an object
US11284651B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2022-03-29 Nike, Inc. Engineered surface for increased drag on article
CH719439A1 (de) * 2022-02-18 2023-08-31 Reber Matthias Fahrzeug mit Strukturelementen zur Reduktion des Strömungswiderstands.

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US5133516A (en) * 1985-05-31 1992-07-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. Drag reduction article
US4930729A (en) * 1986-05-22 1990-06-05 Rolls-Royce Plc Control of fluid flow
US5052053A (en) * 1988-12-05 1991-10-01 O'neill, Inc. Garment for aquatic activities having increased elasticity and method of making same
CA2144350A1 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1996-09-11 John Waring Accessoire reducteur de trainee pour athlete
US5581811A (en) * 1995-08-07 1996-12-10 Cohen; Carl J. Protective glove

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WO2000045656A3 (fr) 2000-12-28
AU2800700A (en) 2000-08-25
WO2000045656A2 (fr) 2000-08-10

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