EP1152092B1 - Vehicle with device for displacing a superstructure on a chassis, in particular an excavator or a loader, with such a displacement of the superstructure - Google Patents

Abstract

A swivel mounting for retrofitting to an earth working machine, e.g. an excavator, has an eccentric plate (11) with mountings for the upper bearing (16) and the lower bearing (13) and with the relative setting of the plate moving the upper, working part of the machine in any selected direction i.e. to move the centre of mass of the machine when working on slopes. The fitting can be an eccentric plate or a sliding fitting.

Description

The invention relates to vehicles, in particular to excavators or loaders have an undercarriage and an upper carriage rotatably mounted thereon. Such vehicles are generally known. In particular, the invention relates on a vehicle with a device for adjusting the uppercarriage relative to the undercarriage.

From the prior art EP 187 944 is a machine for earthworks with a Chassis known. There is a turntable with a on the chassis associated drive means rotatably attached. Is on the turntable eccentric to the drive means a rotatable slide with the Mechanism for earthworks attached. The sledge with the Earthwork mechanism can be independent of the turntable drive rotate through an angular range of 360 °.

A compact excavator is also known from US Pat. No. 4,693,662, in which the superstructure is also rotatable relative to the chassis. In addition, the Cantilever of the superstructure is pivoted to the left and to the right by a guide become. This construction should make it easier for the driver of the car to use the device to operate by means of an additional movement.

From the document FR 2734294 an excavator is known, which additionally the superstructure can pivot to rotate at a certain angle to tilt to compensate for the vehicle.

Finally, a rotating part 15 is known from the prior art GB 2 092 102, which is rotatably mounted on the platform of a chassis, and in turn one Bearing structure that can rotate about a second axis of rotation. If the The boom of the body moved away from the excavator site describes the The boom's bucket has a path X that is less than circular to the side projects.

This state of the art has in common that apart from the conventional Rotational movement of the superstructure relative to the undercarriage is another rotary or Swiveling movement on the superstructure is possible. However, that is Overall construction, which enables the additional movement, in all known Cases too expensive. Furthermore, the ratio of Tipping load for rearward unloading of the swiveling superstructure except Be careful. In addition, the prior art suffers from the problem that compact excavators, the superstructure of which is constructed with a small throat the cab arranged in the superstructure is very cramped and the maintenance underlying parts are difficult to access.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a vehicle with a device for adjusting of the uppercarriage relative to the undercarriage specify that is simple.

This object is achieved by a vehicle with a Adjustment device according to claim 1 solved. According to claim 2 contains the adjustment device of the vehicle has an eccentric plate for a circular adjustment; according to the alternative of claim 3 is a linear Adjustment plate provided; in claim 4 is a combination of the eccentric plate and the adjustment plate to combine the circular and the linear Adjustment movement specified. Appropriate developments of the invention result itself from the subclaims.

In the invention, the undercarriage with an eccentric plate or adjustment plate. provided that on the one hand carries the slewing ring for the superstructure and on the other hand has an adjustable bearing or a linear guide. This eccentric plate with Adjustment bearing or this adjustment plate with linear guide can easily be e.g. between the undercarriage and the uppercarriage of a conventional excavator or Loader can be installed. The eccentric plate and the adjustment plate can also can be combined with each other by adjusting the eccentric plate on the Adjustment plate is mounted.

The adjustable superstructure according to the invention also has the advantage that it can use the available adjustment space either for the permissible Can increase the tipping load adjustable, or alternatively can use the rear outreach of the superstructure when swiveling. The rear outreach of the uppercarriage becomes smaller (i.e. the possibility of working in confined spaces improved accordingly) if the superstructure relative to its base in the direction of Outrigger is adjusted. Conversely, the permissible tipping load is increased (i.e. the boom can take on a correspondingly larger workload) if the superstructure is relative to its Base is moved in a direction opposite to the direction of the boom.

These improved work options can be achieved according to the invention without the Superstructure is too compact to build and the driver or operator in the cab unreasonably narrow. The ease of maintenance is also significantly improved if the superstructure is designed to be less compact than in the prior art.

Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Verstellvorrichtung

a) in einer Perspektivansicht von schräg oben,

b) in einer Perspektivansicht von schräg unten,

c) in einer Aufsicht,

d) in einer Ansicht, und

e) in einer geschnittenen Ansicht;

Figur 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Verstellvorrichtung

a) in einer Perspektivansicht von schräg oben,

b) in einer Aufsicht,

c) in einer Ansicht,

d) in einer geschnittenen Ansicht,

e) in einer Seitenansicht, und

f) in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht;

Figur 3 einen Bagger, in den eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung (nach dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung gemäß Figur 7) eingebaut ist, in drei Verstellphasen;

Figur 4 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung als Einbausatz (erstes Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 in perspektivischen Ansichten von schräg oben und von schräg unten.

a) mit dem zum Oberwagen gehörigen Drehantrieb und Drehkranz,

b) als reiner Einbausatz;

Figur 5 eine vorteilhafte Anwendung der erfmdungsgemäßen Verstellvorrichtung zu einer longitudinalen Schwerpunktverlagerung;

Figur 6 eine vorteilhafte Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verstellvorrichtung zu einer lateralen Schwerpunktverlagerung; und

Figur 7 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Verstellvorrichtung

a) in einer Perspektivansicht von schräg oben,

b) in einer Perspektivansicht von schräg unten,

c) in einer Aufsicht,

d) und d') in zwei Ansichten, und

e) und e') in zwei geschnittenen Ansichten

The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Figures 1 to 7 show:

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the adjustment device according to the invention

a) in a perspective view obliquely from above,

b) in a perspective view obliquely from below,

c) in supervision,

d) in one view, and

e) in a sectional view;

Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the adjustment device according to the invention

a) in a perspective view obliquely from above,

b) in supervision,

c) in one view,

d) in a sectional view,

e) in a side view, and

f) in a sectional side view;

Figure 3 shows an excavator in which a device according to the invention (according to the third embodiment of the invention according to Figure 7) is installed in three adjustment phases;

Figure 4 shows a device according to the invention as an installation kit (first embodiment according to Figure 1 in perspective views obliquely from above and obliquely from below.

a) with the rotary drive and slewing ring belonging to the superstructure,

b) as a pure installation kit;

FIG. 5 shows an advantageous application of the adjusting device according to the invention for a longitudinal shift of the center of gravity;

FIG. 6 shows an advantageous application of the adjustment device according to the invention for a lateral shift of the center of gravity; and

Figure 7 shows a third embodiment of the adjusting device according to the invention

a) in a perspective view obliquely from above,

b) in a perspective view obliquely from below,

c) in supervision,

d) and d ') in two views, and

e) and e ') in two sectional views

The adjusting device 10 according to the invention is used in a device shown in FIGS. 3a 'and 3a "shown vehicle, which is an excavator here. The adjusting device 10th ensures a rotatable and / or sliding adjustable connection of one with tires or Chains and undercarriage 3 provided with hydraulic drive means 4 and one with a boom 5 together with an implement, for example with an excavator shovel 6, with a Driver's cab 7 and with a rear part 8 upper structure 2 of the excavator 1. Die Connection of the undercarriage 2 with the superstructure 3 with the help of the invention Adjustment device 10 has a number of essential advantages for the workability of the Vehicle or excavator 1 or loader. Some of these advantages can be exemplified by the Figures 3b 'and 3c' to 3b "and 3c" and Figs. 5 and 6 are explained.

The excavator 1 with the adjustment device 10 according to the invention can, for example, by Obstacles or walls 31 are used in confined spaces, for which a use of conventional excavators is excluded. Depending on the relative positioning of the excavator 1 to the walls 31, the superstructure 3 can be adjusted relative to by means of the adjusting device 10 the undercarriage 2, which is based on the ground, can be moved such that a through the rear part 8 of the superstructure 3 described rear swivel circle 32 not with the obstacles or intersects with the walls 31. This is explained in more detail with the aid of FIGS. 1, 2, 4 or 7 adjustment device 10 reached.

The installation of the adjustment device 10 according to the invention in the vehicle, especially in the Excavator 1 or loader also ensures its advantageous use on one inclined underground, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. The advantageous use of the excavator 1 results in both cases from an advantageous for the inclined underground Shifting the center of gravity of the entire vehicle. For example, the longitudinal displacement of the superstructure 3 relative to the undercarriage 2, as shown in FIG. 5, to one more even weight distribution between the undercarriage 2 and the ground. This for its part has increased traction and thus better climbing ability of the vehicle or of excavator 1 in steep terrain. Lateral displacement of the superstructure 3 relative to the undercarriage 2, as shown in Figure 6, has the advantage that a due to the shifting of the center of gravity of the entire vehicle, the danger arises of lateral tipping on a sloping terrain can significantly reduce. The Ability to shift the center of gravity of the entire vehicle as described above also that the vehicle can work with higher loads when the center of gravity of the Vehicle according to the inclination of the ground using the adjusting device 10 is advantageously moved.

Figures 1a to 1e show different views of the invention Adjustment device 10 according to a first embodiment. The adjusting device 10 has an eccentric plate 11 and an eccentric rotary feedthrough 12. The eccentric plate 11 can be reinforced by ribs 17.

On the upper side of the eccentric plate 11 is a device for receiving a bearing-like slewing ring 16 is provided. The adjusting device 10 also has one Rotary drive 15, which serves to drive the slewing ring 16. The slewing ring 16 is in the Assembly of the excavator 1 connected to the superstructure 3. The superstructure 3 is one Central axis of the slewing ring 18 with the aid of the rotary drive 15 relative to the eccentric plate 11 rotatable.

On the lower side of the eccentric plate 11 is a device for receiving a Verstelllager 13 provided. When installing the vehicle 1 or when installing the Adjustment device 10 in a standard excavator 1, the adjustment bearing 13 with the Undercarriage 2 of the vehicle 1 connected so that the eccentric plate 11 by one Adjustment bearing center axis 19 is rotatable relative to undercarriage 2 of vehicle 1.

Since the center of the rotating ring 18 and the center axis of the adjusting bearing 19 are eccentric to one another are arranged, the above-mentioned advantageous adjustment movement of the superstructure 3 be guaranteed relative to the undercarriage 2. To adjust the eccentric plate 11 To ensure relative to the undercarriage 2 is one on the lower side of the eccentric plate 11 Locking device 14 is provided. The locking device can be such be formed, as shown in Figure 1. The locking device has a lock 14, which is provided in the slots 14 ′ provided on the inside of the adjustment bearing 13 can intervene and thereby a relative adjustment of the eccentric plate 11 and Verstelllager 13 can prevent.

2 is an alternative embodiment of the invention Superstructure adjustment device 20 shown. In this case, the adjustment does not take place by means of an eccentrically located adjustment bearing with a central axis 19, but by means of a Adjustment plate 21, which is guided linearly on the undercarriage 2. The adjustment plate 21 is for this Slidably mounted in opposite guides 22. To limit this Stops 27 serve for displacement movement.

In normal operation of the excavator, the adjustment plate is secured by a lock 25. to Adjustment of the superstructure 3, the lock 25 is released, the boom 5 for Fixing the superstructure 3 in the front direction of the excavator 1 lowered to the ground and the rotary drive 26 is actuated so that the slewing ring 23 with the adjusting plate 21 in the Guides 22 adjusted. After the adjustment, the adjustment plate 21 is by means of the Lock 25 found again. The lock 25 can by hydraulic cylinders, that act on a plunger or by any other known mechanical Locking mechanism can be effected. In the first-mentioned embodiment according to Figure 1 can be used, for example, a disc brake.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, a normal rotary union 24 is sufficient to Hydraulic fluid between the generation of the operating pressure in the superstructure 3 and the hydraulic units in undercarriage 2 (hydraulic motor, pressure cylinder, etc.) flow in to let.

FIG. 7 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the adjusting device 70 according to the invention. The adjustment device 70 has the advantages of a combination of the Adjustment devices according to the first and second embodiments. The Adjustment plate 71 of the adjustment device 70 is in guides 72 of a middle plate 71 ' arranged and can with the help of actuating cylinders 76 'linear to the center plate 71' in the mentioned guides 72 are performed. To limit the above Sliding movement of the adjustment plate 71 is a stop 77 on the middle plate 71 ' intended. The middle plate 71 'is connected to the undercarriage 2 by means of an adjustment bearing 78 of the excavator 1, the central plate 71 'about the central axis of the adjustable bearing 78 is rotatable. On the lower side of the middle plate 71 'is a lock 79 for the Adjustment bearing 78 provided. The adjustable bearing lock 79 can be in slots 79 ', which located on the inner side of the adjustment bearing 78, and thereby engage Rotational movement of the center plate 71 'relative to that connected to the undercarriage 2 Prevent adjustment bearing 78. The locking device described for locking the Adjustment bearing 78 can also be any suitable for the purposes of this invention Locking device. The adjustment plate 71 is connected to the superstructure 3 of the excavator 1 connected with the aid of a slewing ring 73, the slewing ring 73 about its central axis the adjustment plate 71 is rotatable. The rotation of the slewing ring 73 and with it connected superstructure 3 of the excavator 1 is as with the help of a rotary drive 76 guaranteed. As in previous exemplary embodiments, the adjusting device has 70 a rotary union 74 to the hydraulic fluid between the generator of the Operating pressure in the superstructure 3 of the excavator 1 and the hydraulic units (about Hydraulic motor, pressure cylinder, etc.) to flow in the undercarriage 2 of the excavator 1.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, components 11 to 14 can be installed as a kit can be used in a conventional excavator with slewing ring 15 and Rotary drive 16 is installed. The installation kit with the eccentric plate, the Eccentric rotary feedthrough, the adjustment bearing and the lock between the eccentric plate and adjustment bearing is shown in Figures 4a and 4b as an exploded view. The rotary drive 15 and the slewing ring 16 according to FIG. 4a are not part of the installation kit, but are bim Installation together with the uppercarriage 3 detached from the undercarriage 2.

Likewise, the adjustment plate 21 of the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG Installation kit supplied and in a standard excavator with slewing ring and rotary drive be used. To do this, only the superstructure 3 has to be lifted off the undercarriage 2 the rotary drive and the slewing ring are mounted on the adjustment plate and the Guides 22 are attached to the undercarriage 2. In this case, the suffice on Slewing ring existing rotating union for the hoses of the pressure medium; a separate one Eccentric rotary feedthrough is not necessary in this case.

The components of the adjusting device can also be used in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG 70 can be used without the slewing ring 73 and the rotary drive 76 as an installation kit subsequently in a conventional excavator or loader with the slewing ring 73 and Rotary drive 76 is installed. As in the previous case, the rotary drive 76 and the slewing ring 73 together with the superstructure 3 from the undercarriage 2 and to the Place between the undercarriage 2 and the superstructure 3 with the slewing ring 73 and the Rotary actuator 76 of the above installation kit can be installed.

In contrast to the adjustment devices according to Figures 1 and 2, the Adjustment device according to Figure 7 a higher degree of freedom for the adjustments of Upper carriage 3 relative to the undercarriage 2 of the vehicle. So the Adjustment device according to Figure 7 that the center axis of the slewing ring not only along certain paths, but - within certain constructive limits - freely in two Dimensions is adjustable relative to the undercarriage.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Vehicle or excavator

2

undercarriage

3

superstructure

4

Hydraulic drive means

5

boom

6

implement

7

cab

8th

tail section

9

counterweight

10

adjustment

11

eccentric

12

Exzenterdrehdurchführung

13

displacement bearing

14

lock

14 '

slot

15

rotary drive

16

slewing ring

17

ribs

18

Central axis of the slewing ring

19

Central axis of the adjustment bearing

20

adjustment

21

adjusting plate

22

guide

23

slewing ring

24

Rotary union

25

lock

26

rotary drive

27

attack

31

Obstacles, e.g. walls

32

Tail swing circle

70

adjustment

71

adjusting plate

71 '

center plate

72

guide

73

slewing ring

74

Rotary union

75

Verrigelung bridge plate

76

rotary drive

76 '

actuating cylinder

77

attack

78

adjustment bearings

79

Lock-adjustment bearings

79 '

slot

Claims (14)

1. A vehicle, in particular a digger (1) or a loader, comprising a vehicle chassis (2) and a superstructure (3) as well as means (10) for moving said superstructure (3) on, and relative to, said vehicle chassis (2), which superstructure (3) supports a driver's cabin (7), a boom (5) with implements (6) and a rotary drive unit (15 or 26) for rotating said superstructure (3) relative to said chassis, wherein an operating pressure for said rotary drive unit (15 or 26) and for hydraulic units of said chassis (2) is generated within said superstructure (2), und wherein said superstructure (3) is connected to said chassis (2) via a live ring (16 or 23) which is in mesh with said rotary drive unit (15 or 26) and is driven by it,
   characterized in that said means (10) includes an eccentric plate (11) and/or an adjusting plate (21) which supports said live ring (16 or 23) of said superstructure, on the one hand, and which is connected to said chassis (2) via an adjusting bearing (13) or a guide (22), on the other hand, and wherein said means (10) includes a through passage (12 or 24) for hydraulic fluids between said superstructure (2) and said chassis (3).
2. The vehicle of claim 1 characterized in that said live ring (16) which is in mesh with said rotary drive unit (15) is mounted on the upper side of said eccentric plate (11).
3. The vehicle of claim 1 characterized in that said live ring (23) is mounted below said adjusting plate (21) and said rotary drive unit (26) extends through said adjusting plate (21) to mesh with said live ring (23).
4. The vehicle of claim 2 characterized in that an eccentrically mounted adjusting bearing (13) of said eccentric plate (11) is mounted on said adjusting plate (21).
5. The vehicle of claim 2 characterized by an adjusting bearing (13), provided on the bottom side of said eccentric plate (11), whose central axis (19) extends eccentrically to the central axis (18) of said live ring (16).
6. The vehicle of claim 5 characterized by latch means (14) which will lock said adjusting bearing (13) during normal operation of the vehicle (1).
7. The vehicle of claim 6 characterized in that for moving said superstructure (3) said adjusting bearing (13, 14) will be unlocked and said superstructure (3) will be fixed on the ground by means of said boom (5).
8. The vehicle of claim 7 characterized in that said superstructure (3) is moved by actuating said rotary drive unit (15).
9. The vehicle of one of claims 2 to 8 characterized by an eccentric rotary through passage (12) within said eccentric plate (11) for passing the operating pressure from said superstructure (2) to said chassis (3).
10. The vehicle of claim 3 characterized by linear guides (22) for said adjusting plate (21).
11. The vehicle of claim 10 characterized by latches (25) which are used for locking said adjusting plate (21) within said guides (22) during normal operation of said vehicle (1).
12. The vehicle of claim 11 characterized by stops (27) on said adjusting plate (21) for limiting travel within said guides (22).
13. The vehicle of claim 12 characterized in that said rotary drive unit (26) will cause said superstructure (3) to be moved once said latches (25) have been unlatched.
14. The vehicle of claim 3 characterized by a rotary through passage (24) of the hydraulic operating pressure for said chassis (2).

Images