EP1151492B1 - Waveguide switch - Google Patents
Waveguide switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1151492B1 EP1151492B1 EP99964370A EP99964370A EP1151492B1 EP 1151492 B1 EP1151492 B1 EP 1151492B1 EP 99964370 A EP99964370 A EP 99964370A EP 99964370 A EP99964370 A EP 99964370A EP 1151492 B1 EP1151492 B1 EP 1151492B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- septum
- switch according
- waveguide switch
- stator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
- H01P1/12—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by mechanical chopper
- H01P1/122—Waveguide switches
Definitions
- the invention is based on the type as indicated in the independent claim 1.
- a waveguide switch which has a stator with four waveguide connection ports and a rotor in which waveguide paths are present which connect at least two waveguide connection ports to one another.
- the switching of the signal paths takes place by rotation of the rotor (thereby also rotation of the waveguide paths in the rotor).
- a high precision in the production of stator and rotor is required, especially for the combination of these parts only a very narrow gap between the stator and rotor is allowed, so that in the rule a very expensive precision storage is necessary.
- the waveguide switch according to the invention consists of two partial shells, each having in particular symmetrically half of the waveguide structure and which are preferably produced in milling technology.
- the corresponding 'switching path' is set by a simple, electrically conductive septum, for example by turning or pushing. No complex rotor / stator geometry is necessary. In addition, other switch configurations are possible.
- a waveguide switch according to the invention can be constructed of parts whose manufacture does not require excessive precision, so that the manufacturing costs are substantially lower than in switches that correspond to the prior art. In addition, short switching times can be realized because the masses to be moved during switching are very small.
- Figures 1a, b, c show three sectional views through a symmetrical switch arrangement, while the section CC is usually the half-shell division of the complete assembly, ie the stator half shell (without outer contour) with a movable element (here in the form of a rotor).
- the arrangement has four waveguide connection ports 1, 2, 3, 4, wherein adjacent waveguide connection ports are each arranged at right angles to one another.
- waveguide paths in the form of 90-degree E-plane elbows 12, 23, 34, 41 are introduced between adjacent waveguide connection gates, so that a corresponding branching results for each waveguide connection port.
- a massive area 5 per Stator Halbschale is introduced in the complete branching region, ie within the circle 6, a gap 7 is provided between the stator half-shells, in which an electrically conductive septum 8 is introduced.
- the septum 8 is shaped so that two opposite outer curvature contours 9, 10 almost the contours of the two emulate corresponding E-plane manifold. That is, through the septum 7, the E-plane bend for the desired waveguide paths 23, 41 are modeled. By contrast, the subregions of the other E-plane manifolds are covered.
- the waveguide paths are divided by the septum 7 in the middle of its broad side in two 'sub-waveguide', so that in these areas, the cut-off wavelength is substantially smaller than the wavelength of the usable frequency band and thereby signal propagation is inhibited here.
- a central, rotatable mounting of the septum 7 in the central solid area 5 allows a very easy switching of the waveguide paths, which takes place by a 90-degree rotation of the septum 7, see Figures 2a and b.
- the septum 7 may be made with sliding contacts - however, it is advantageous to provide the conductive septum in isolation with respect to the waveguide region.
- the septum 7 may have a frequency selective structure 13 (eg, bumps, ribs 16c, depressions, grooves, holes, slots, material discontinuities) which on the one hand compensates for the perturbations of the 'partial waveguide openings' and on the other hand increases the isolation between the 'blocked' waveguide paths.
- a frequency selective structure 13 eg, bumps, ribs 16c, depressions, grooves, holes, slots, material discontinuities
- septum 7 can be used simultaneously for marking the switch position by markings 14, 15, e.g. in conjunction with a light barrier.
- FIG. 3 shows an arrangement in which the switching function is realized by pushing a septum 16.
- the septum 16 has two separate areas 16a, 16b, one area of which has the configuration of one of the switch positions. So that these two areas can be displaced together in accordance with the arrows 17, a connecting part 18 is introduced between the areas 16a, 16b, which is located at a switch position in a continuous waveguide path (see FIG. 3a).
- Either this connecting part 18 is designed so that it behaves electrically neutral (eg lambda / 4 transformation with transformation stages, formed by extensions 19 on the connecting part 18) or that caused by the connection part disturbance in the connection part itself or in the corresponding waveguide path (through suitable discontinuities 20) is compensated.
- electrically neutral eg lambda / 4 transformation with transformation stages, formed by extensions 19 on the connecting part 18
- connection part disturbance in the connection part itself or in the corresponding waveguide path through suitable discontinuities 20
- the solution according to the invention can be applied to a multiplicity of different configurations, which, for example, also have more than four waveguide connection ports, as well as very individually designed switching options.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung geht von der Gattung aus, wie im unabhängigen Anspruch 1 angegeben.The invention is based on the type as indicated in the independent claim 1.
Aus der DE 4034683 C2 ist ein Hohlleiterschalter bekannt, der einen Stator mit vier Hohlleiteranschlusstoren aufweist und einen Rotor, in dem Hohlleiterpfade vorhanden sind, die mindestens zwei Hohlleiteranschlusstore miteinander verbinden. Das Umschalten der Signalpfade erfolgt durch Drehung des Rotors (dadurch auch Drehung der Hohlleiterpfade im Rotor).
Um eine elektrisch akzeptable Funktion (Anpassung, Isolation) zu erreichen, ist eine hohe Präzision bei der Herstellung von Stator und Rotor erforderlich, vor allem ist für die Kombination dieser Teile nur ein sehr enger Spalt zwischen Stator und Rotor zulässig, so daß in der Regel eine sehr aufwendige Präzisionslagerung notwendig ist.From DE 4034683 C2 a waveguide switch is known which has a stator with four waveguide connection ports and a rotor in which waveguide paths are present which connect at least two waveguide connection ports to one another. The switching of the signal paths takes place by rotation of the rotor (thereby also rotation of the waveguide paths in the rotor).
In order to achieve an electrically acceptable function (adaptation, isolation), a high precision in the production of stator and rotor is required, especially for the combination of these parts only a very narrow gap between the stator and rotor is allowed, so that in the rule a very expensive precision storage is necessary.
Der erfindungsgemäße Hohlleiterschalter besteht aus zwei Teilschalen, die jeweils insbesondere symmetrisch die Hälfte der Hohlleiterstruktur aufweisen und die vorzugsweise in Frästechnik hergestellt sind. Der entsprechende 'Schaltpfad' wird durch ein einfaches, elektrisch leitendes Septum z.B. durch Drehen oder Schieben eingestellt.
Es ist keine komplexe Rotor-/Stator-Geometrie notwendig. Zudem sind andere Schalterkonfigurationen möglich.The waveguide switch according to the invention consists of two partial shells, each having in particular symmetrically half of the waveguide structure and which are preferably produced in milling technology. The corresponding 'switching path' is set by a simple, electrically conductive septum, for example by turning or pushing.
No complex rotor / stator geometry is necessary. In addition, other switch configurations are possible.
Der Anmeldungsgegenstand mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 hat folgenden Vorteil:The subject of the application with the features of claim 1 has the following advantage:
Ein Hohlleiterschalter nach der Erfindung kann aus Teilen aufgebaut werden, deren Herstellung keiner übermäßigen Präzision bedarf, so dass die Herstellungskosten wesentlich geringer sind als bei Schaltern, die dem Stand der Technik entsprechen. Zudem können kurze Schaltzeiten realisiert werden, da die beim Schalten zu bewegenden Massen sehr klein sind.A waveguide switch according to the invention can be constructed of parts whose manufacture does not require excessive precision, so that the manufacturing costs are substantially lower than in switches that correspond to the prior art. In addition, short switching times can be realized because the masses to be moved during switching are very small.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben, deren Merkmale auch, soweit sinnvoll, miteinander kombiniert werden können.Advantageous further developments are specified in the dependent claims, the features of which can also be combined with each other, as far as appropriate.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und im Folgenden näher erläutert. Schematisch ist gezeigt in
- Figur 1:
- der prinzipielle Aufbau einer Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlleiterschalters mit drei Schnittabbildungen,
- Figur 2:
- eine offene dreidimensionale Darstellung (ähnlich einer Explosionszeichnung) des Hohlleiterschalters nach Figur 1 für zwei unterschiedliche Schaltzustände,
- Figuren 3 und 4:
- weitere mögliche Schalterkonfigurationen, die wesentlich von den bisher bekannten abweichen.
- FIG. 1:
- the basic structure of an embodiment of the waveguide switch according to the invention with three sectional illustrations,
- FIG. 2:
- an open three-dimensional representation (similar to an exploded view) of the waveguide switch of Figure 1 for two different switching states,
- FIGS. 3 and 4:
- other possible switch configurations that differ significantly from the previously known.
Im Wesentlichen gleiche Teile in unterschiedlichen Figuren sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.
Im nachfolgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von zwei unterschiedlichen Ausführungen näher erläutert. Diese Ausführungen stellen nur einen Bruchteil der Möglichkeiten dar, welche mit dem neuen Prinzip realisiert werden können.Essentially identical parts in different figures are provided with the same reference numerals.
In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two different embodiments. These designs represent only a fraction of the possibilities that can be realized with the new principle.
Die Figuren 1a, b, c zeigen drei Schnittdarstellungen durch eine symmetrische Schalteranordnung, dabei stellt der Schnitt C-C in der Regel die Halbschalenteilung der Komplettanordnung dar, also die Statorhalbschale (ohne Außenkontur) mit beweglichem Element (hier in Gestalt eines Rotors). Die Anordnung weist vier Hohlleiteranschlusstore 1, 2, 3, 4 auf, wobei einander benachbarte Hohlleiteranschlusstore jeweils rechtwinklig zueinander angeordnet sind.Figures 1a, b, c show three sectional views through a symmetrical switch arrangement, while the section CC is usually the half-shell division of the complete assembly, ie the stator half shell (without outer contour) with a movable element (here in the form of a rotor). The arrangement has four waveguide connection ports 1, 2, 3, 4, wherein adjacent waveguide connection ports are each arranged at right angles to one another.
In dem Stator der Anordnung sind zwischen benachbarten Hohlleiteranschlusstoren Hohlleiterpfade in Form von 90-Grad-E-Ebenen-Krümmern 12, 23, 34, 41 eingebracht, so daß sich bei jedem Hohlleiteranschlusstor eine entsprechende Verzweigung ergibt. Durch diese Anordnung verbleibt im Zentrum der Anordnung ein massiver Bereich 5 je Statorhalbschale. Im kompletten Verzweigungsbereich, also innerhalb des Kreises 6 ist zwischen den Statorhalbschalen ein Spalt 7 vorgesehen, in dem ein elektrisch leitendes Septum 8 eingebracht ist. (Auf die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Hohlleiterpfade hat der Spalt 7 nur einen unwesentlichen Einfluß, da er sich in der elektrisch neutralen Zone der Hohlleiterpfade befindet.) Das Septum 8 ist so geformt, daß zwei einander gegenüberliegende äußere Krümmungskonturen 9, 10 nahezu die Konturen der zwei entsprechenden E-Ebenen-Krümmer nachbilden. Das heißt, durch das Septum 7 werden die E-Ebenen-Krümmer für die gewünschten Hohlleiterpfade 23, 41 nachgebildet. Dagegen sind die Teilbereiche der anderen E-Ebenen-Krümmer überdeckt. In diesen überdeckten Bereichen 12, 34 sind die Hohlleiterpfade durch das Septum 7 in der Mitte ihrer Breitseite in zwei 'Teilhohlleiter' geteilt, so daß in diesen Bereichen die Grenzwellenlänge wesentlich kleiner ist als die Wellenlänge des Nutzfrequenzbandes und dadurch eine Signalausbreitung hier unterbunden wird.In the stator of the arrangement, waveguide paths in the form of 90-degree E-plane elbows 12, 23, 34, 41 are introduced between adjacent waveguide connection gates, so that a corresponding branching results for each waveguide connection port. By this arrangement remains in the center of the arrangement, a massive area 5 per Statorhalbschale. In the complete branching region, ie within the circle 6, a gap 7 is provided between the stator half-shells, in which an electrically conductive septum 8 is introduced. (On the electrical properties of the waveguide paths of the gap 7 has only a negligible influence, since it is in the electrically neutral zone of the waveguide paths.) The septum 8 is shaped so that two opposite outer curvature contours 9, 10 almost the contours of the two emulate corresponding E-plane manifold. That is, through the septum 7, the E-plane bend for the desired waveguide paths 23, 41 are modeled. By contrast, the subregions of the other E-plane manifolds are covered. In these covered regions 12, 34, the waveguide paths are divided by the septum 7 in the middle of its broad side in two 'sub-waveguide', so that in these areas, the cut-off wavelength is substantially smaller than the wavelength of the usable frequency band and thereby signal propagation is inhibited here.
Eine zentrale, drehbare Lagerung des Septums 7 im zentralen massiven Bereich 5 ermöglicht eine sehr einfache Umschaltung der Hohlleiterpfade, die durch eine 90-Grad-Drehung des Septums 7 erfolgt, siehe die Figuren 2a und b.A central, rotatable mounting of the septum 7 in the central solid area 5 allows a very easy switching of the waveguide paths, which takes place by a 90-degree rotation of the septum 7, see Figures 2a and b.
Das Septum 7 kann beispielsweise mit Schleifkontakten ausgeführt sein - es ist jedoch vorteilhaft das leitfähige Septum in Bezug auf den Hohlleiterbereich isoliert anzubringen.For example, the septum 7 may be made with sliding contacts - however, it is advantageous to provide the conductive septum in isolation with respect to the waveguide region.
Ferner kann das Septum 7 eine frequenzselektive Struktur 13 (beispielsweise Erhebungen, Rippen 16c, Vertiefungen, Rillen, Löcher, Schlitze, Materialdiskontinuitäten) aufweisen, die einerseits die Störungen durch die 'Teilhohlleiteröffnungen' kompensiert und andererseits die Isolation zwischen den 'gesperrten' Hohlleiterpfaden erhöht.Further, the septum 7 may have a frequency selective structure 13 (eg, bumps, ribs 16c, depressions, grooves, holes, slots, material discontinuities) which on the one hand compensates for the perturbations of the 'partial waveguide openings' and on the other hand increases the isolation between the 'blocked' waveguide paths.
Zusätzlich kann das Septum 7 gleichzeitig zur Kennzeichnung der Schalterstellung durch Markierungen 14, 15 mit herangezogen werden, z.B. in Verbindung mit einer Lichtschranke.In addition, the septum 7 can be used simultaneously for marking the switch position by markings 14, 15, e.g. in conjunction with a light barrier.
Nach dem oben beschriebenen Prinzip sind auch andere Schalterkonfigurationen denkbar. Figur 3 zeigt beispielsweise eine Anordnung, bei der durch Schieben eines Septums 16 die Schaltfunktion realisiert wird. Das Septum 16 weist zwei getrennte Bereiche 16a, 16b auf, von denen jeweils ein Bereich die Konfiguration einer der Schalterstellungen aufweist. Damit diese zwei Bereiche gemeinsam entsprechend den Pfeilen 17 verschoben werden können, ist ein Verbindungsteil 18 zwischen die Bereiche 16a, 16b eingebracht, welches sich bei einer Schalterstellung in einem durchgehenden Hohlleiterpfad (siehe Figur 3a) befindet.According to the principle described above, other switch configurations are conceivable. FIG. 3, for example, shows an arrangement in which the switching function is realized by pushing a septum 16. The septum 16 has two separate areas 16a, 16b, one area of which has the configuration of one of the switch positions. So that these two areas can be displaced together in accordance with the arrows 17, a connecting part 18 is introduced between the areas 16a, 16b, which is located at a switch position in a continuous waveguide path (see FIG. 3a).
Entweder ist dieses Verbindungsteil 18 so auszulegen, daß es sich elektrisch neutral verhält (z.B. Lambda/4-Transformation mit Transformationsstufen, gebildet durch Fortsätze 19 an dem Verbindungsteil 18) oder daß die durch das Verbindungsteil verursachte Störung im Verbindungsteil selbst oder im entsprechenden Hohlleiterpfad (durch geeignete Diskontinuitäten 20) kompensiert wird.Either this connecting part 18 is designed so that it behaves electrically neutral (eg lambda / 4 transformation with transformation stages, formed by extensions 19 on the connecting part 18) or that caused by the connection part disturbance in the connection part itself or in the corresponding waveguide path (through suitable discontinuities 20) is compensated.
Im Einzelnen kann die Kompensation des Verbindungsteils 18 folgendermaßen ausgeführt sein:
- a) Kompensation indem es etwa die Länge einer viertel Wellenlänge aufweist;
- b) Das Verbindungsteil 18 weist zusätzlich jeweils eine Transformatorstufe 19 zu den anschließenden Hohlleiterabschnitten auf, wobei das Dielektrikum gestuft oder ein Dielektrikum mit anderer Dielektrizitätszahl verwendet wird; die Länge der Fortsätze 19 des Verbindungsteils, welche die Transformatorstufen bilden entspricht dabei einer viertel Wellenlänge;
- c) das Septum weist (zusätzliche) Diskontinuitäten auf, die mit dem Septum verschoben werden, beispielsweise in Figur 4a: oben induktive, unten kapazitive Diskontinuität;
- d) Kompensätion durch (zusätzliche) Diskontinuitäten/Transformationen (beispielsweise Querschnittsänderung des Hohlleiters im Bereich des Verbindungsteils 18), die sich im Hohlleiter befinden und nicht mitverschoben werden; dies ist möglich, wenn sich die Diskontinuitäten/Transformationen in denjenigen Teilen des Hohlleiters befinden, die nur zusammen mit dem Verbindungsteil 18 im durchlässig geschalteten Betriebszustand betrieben werden.
- a) Compensation by having approximately the length of a quarter wavelength;
- b) The connecting part 18 additionally has in each case a transformer stage 19 to the subsequent waveguide sections, wherein the dielectric is stepped or a dielectric with a different dielectric constant is used; the length of the extensions 19 of the connecting part, which form the transformer stages corresponds to a quarter wavelength;
- c) the septum has (additional) discontinuities that are displaced with the septum, for example in Figure 4a: above inductive, bottom capacitive discontinuity;
- d) Compensation by (additional) discontinuities / transformations (for example, change in cross section of the waveguide in the region of the connecting part 18), which are located in the waveguide and are not moved with it; this is possible if the discontinuities / transformations are located in those parts of the waveguide which are only operated together with the connecting part 18 in the permeable switched operating state.
Analog zu den obigen Ausführungsbeispielen läßt sich die erfindungsgemäße Lösung auf eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Konfigurationen anwenden, die beispielsweise auch mehr als vier Hohlleiteranschlusstore aufweisen, sowie auf sehr individuell gestaltete Schaltmöglichkeiten.Analogous to the above embodiments, the solution according to the invention can be applied to a multiplicity of different configurations, which, for example, also have more than four waveguide connection ports, as well as very individually designed switching options.
Claims (8)
- Waveguide switch with one stator and one electrically conductive movable element, whereby the stator has between its waveguide connecting gates (1 to 4) waveguide paths (12, 23, 34, 41) which can be switched, by means of the movable element (8), to conduct high-frequency waves, characterised in that the movable element takes the form of a septum (8) in a gap (7) of the stator and extends in the respective waveguide path in the non-conductive state parallel to its E plane, whereby it divides the waveguide path into two partial waveguides running parallel to each other which have smaller threshold wavelengths compared with the waveguide path when in its conductive state.
- Waveguide switch according to Claim 1, characterised in that the septum (8) has a frequency-selective structure (16c) which on the one hand compensates for the interferences through the openings of the part waveguides and on the other hand increases the insulation between waveguide paths not in the conductive state.
- Waveguide switch according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the septum (8) takes the form of a rotor.
- Waveguide switch according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the septum (16a, 16b) is arranged as a slide valve.
- Waveguide switch according to Claim 4, characterised in that the septum has two electrically conductive areas (16a,16b) which are connected to each other by means of a dielectric connecting part (18).
- Waveguide switch according to Claim 5, characterised in that the connecting part (18) has means (19, 20) to compensate for field influences which occur when it is lying in a waveguide path switched to conduct.
- Waveguide switch according to Claim 5 or 6, characterised in that in a waveguide path, means are provided for compensating for field influences which occur when the connecting part (18) lies in the waveguide path switched to conduct.
- Waveguide switch according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the septum (8) has a marking (14) which identifies the switch position.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19856334 | 1998-12-07 | ||
| DE19856334A DE19856334A1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 1998-12-07 | Waveguide switch |
| PCT/DE1999/003724 WO2000035041A1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 1999-11-24 | Waveguide switch |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1151492A1 EP1151492A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| EP1151492B1 true EP1151492B1 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
Family
ID=7890212
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99964370A Expired - Lifetime EP1151492B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 1999-11-24 | Waveguide switch |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6667671B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1151492B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9915973A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19856334A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000035041A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7969001B2 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2011-06-28 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for intra-chip waveguide communication |
| EP3332444A1 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2018-06-13 | European Space Agency | Microwave branching switch |
| US20180275760A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | Mindmaze Holding Sa | System, method and apparatus for accurately measuring haptic forces |
| US11205825B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2021-12-21 | Victor Nelson | Non-contact type coaxial switch |
| DE112021002156T5 (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2023-02-09 | Paul Jenkins | waveguide switch |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2898562A (en) | 1946-11-26 | 1959-08-04 | Jr John B Trevor | Switching device for high frequency electrical energy |
| GB692308A (en) | 1950-02-28 | 1953-06-03 | Emi Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electric waveguides |
| US3644852A (en) * | 1969-04-25 | 1972-02-22 | Bunker Ramo | Impedance compensated switch for a rectangular waveguide |
| DE3763981D1 (en) * | 1986-02-08 | 1990-08-30 | Teldix Gmbh | SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH. |
| US4908589A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1990-03-13 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Dielectrically loaded waveguide switch |
| DE4034683A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1992-05-14 | Spinner Gmbh Elektrotech | SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH |
| DE19822072C1 (en) * | 1998-05-16 | 2000-01-13 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Microwave switch, e.g. for satellite application as redundant switch, achieves higher operating frequency with a significantly greater gap between the rotor and generator housing |
-
1998
- 1998-12-07 DE DE19856334A patent/DE19856334A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-11-24 US US09/857,393 patent/US6667671B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-24 EP EP99964370A patent/EP1151492B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-24 DE DE59904199T patent/DE59904199D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-24 BR BR9915973-2A patent/BR9915973A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-24 WO PCT/DE1999/003724 patent/WO2000035041A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59904199D1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
| EP1151492A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| US6667671B1 (en) | 2003-12-23 |
| BR9915973A (en) | 2001-09-11 |
| WO2000035041A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 |
| DE19856334A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
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