EP0292500B1 - Waveguide switch - Google Patents

Waveguide switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0292500B1
EP0292500B1 EP87901416A EP87901416A EP0292500B1 EP 0292500 B1 EP0292500 B1 EP 0292500B1 EP 87901416 A EP87901416 A EP 87901416A EP 87901416 A EP87901416 A EP 87901416A EP 0292500 B1 EP0292500 B1 EP 0292500B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
rotor
pathways
section
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87901416A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0292500A1 (en
Inventor
Eckart Hettlage
Gerd Ruff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell Collins Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Teldix GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teldix GmbH filed Critical Teldix GmbH
Publication of EP0292500A1 publication Critical patent/EP0292500A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0292500B1 publication Critical patent/EP0292500B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/10—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting
    • H01P1/12—Auxiliary devices for switching or interrupting by mechanical chopper
    • H01P1/122—Waveguide switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waveguide switch according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Such a switch is known (DE-OS 34 41 728).
  • the rotor has three waveguide passages that run parallel to one another.
  • the production of such waveguide passages is quite simple, it has been shown that relatively high reflections occur in particular at the transitions between the rotor and stator due to the kinking of the waveguide path.
  • it is expedient to design the two outer waveguide passages in an arc shape similar to the design in DE-OS 29 24 969).
  • the small dimensions of a miniaturized waveguide switch do not allow such an arcuate configuration.
  • the waveguide switch with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the tapering of the longitudinal passage, the two other waveguide passages, with a small radius of the rotor, can be designed in an arc shape, the boundary walls being formed from flat surface pieces and thus approximating the arc. As a result, the reflection of the two further waveguide passages are approximated to the longitudinal passage.
  • the cross-sectional taper causes somewhat higher reflections in the longitudinal passage, but these are relatively small; important are the significantly improved transmission properties of the two further waveguide passages and that this is achieved with the rotor diameter remaining small and thus small switch dimensions.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is to be seen in the fact that so-called chokes are provided between the waveguide passages on the rotor, as is known per se, which cause crosstalk attenuation between the individual signals to be transmitted.
  • the waveguide switch consists of a housing 1 with four symmetrically arranged waveguide passages A-D.
  • a rotor 2 arranged in the housing is rotatably arranged in the housing and has three waveguide passages.
  • switch positions I-IV are required, with inputs A-C in position I, inputs A-B and C-D in position 11, inputs B-D in position 111 and inputs B-C and A-D in position IV. Due to the cube-shaped design of the switch housing 1, several switches can be coupled in any way, so that any switch combinations can be realized.
  • the waveguide switch according to FIG. 2 is shown in a section through the waveguide passages for better illustration of the invention, wherein it should be noted that a combination of some design options of the waveguide passages that are useful within the scope of the invention is shown.
  • the rotor 2 is fastened in the housing 1 by means of the bearings 18, 19. To set the switching positions, a motor or an actuator can be attached to the shaft 21.
  • the exact rotor position is set with the position fixing element 20.
  • This element consists, for example, of two permanent magnets that hold the rotor in the switch positions due to the attractive forces. Of course, several such permanent magnets are required on the housing 1 for this purpose.
  • the longitudinal passage 3 has a cross section at the transition point between the rotor 2 and the housing 1, which is identical to the cross section of the waveguide in the housing 1. Up to the center of the rotor, this longitudinal passage 3 tapers on the right side at two cross-sectional tapering points 6 and 7. Of course, only one or more cross-sectional tapering points can also be present. It is also possible to continuously taper the longitudinal passage 3, as shown on the left, which for broadband transmission has more favorable transmission properties of the longitudinal passage compared to the step-shaped taper.
  • cross-sectional taper creates lateral space, which is then used to accommodate the boundary walls 22, which are designed with the smallest possible thickness, to the two further waveguide passages 4, 5.
  • these can, as shown in FIG. 2, be made closer to an arc and thus more favorable in terms of reflections.
  • the further waveguide passage 4 has four kinks 9 (five patches) on its inner boundary wall 22 and three kinks on its outer boundary wall 23.
  • the further arch passage 5 shows an alternative design; this is equipped with two kinks 8 (three patches).

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)

Abstract

A waveguide switch with four outputs or inputs (A, B, C, D) normally has one rotor (2) with three passages (3, 4, 5) with which, as appropriate, two waveguide connections can be effected in specific rotor positions. In two switching positions only the central waveguide passage (3) conducts HF signals, whereas in the two other switching positions both curved passages (4, 5) simultaneously conduct HF signals. Whereas the transmission losses in the central passage are low, a very high reflection level has hitherto been obtained in the two curved passages because of the points of inflexion. In order to improve the transmission characteristics, it is proposed to design the curved passages with an elliptical shape. For this, the longitudinal passage (3) is narrowed toward the central point of the rotor, so that sufficient space is provided for the curved portion of the lateral passages. The circular shape of the curved passages (4, 5) can also be approximated by a facet-like shaping of the side-walls. The points of inflexion (8 or 9) thus created result in only insignificant changes in the transmission characteristics.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Hohlleiterschalter nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a waveguide switch according to the preamble of the main claim.

Ein derartiger Schalter ist bekannt (DE-OS 34 41 728). Bei dem bekannten Hohlleiterschalter hat der Rotor drei Hohlleiterdurchgänge die parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die Herstellung solcher Hohlleiterdurchgänge ist zwar recht einfach, es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß insbesondere an den Übergängen zwischen Rotor und Stator durch die Abknickung des Hohlleiterwegs relativ hohe Reflexionen auftreten. Zur Verbesserung der Übertragungseigenschaften ist es zweckmäßig, die beiden äußeren Hohlleiterdurchgänge bogenförmig (ähnlich der Ausbildung in der DE-OS 29 24 969) zu gestalten. Die geringen Abmessungen eines miniaturisierten Hohlleiterschalters lassen jedoch eine solche bogenförmige Ausgestaltung nicht zu.Such a switch is known (DE-OS 34 41 728). In the known waveguide switch, the rotor has three waveguide passages that run parallel to one another. Although the production of such waveguide passages is quite simple, it has been shown that relatively high reflections occur in particular at the transitions between the rotor and stator due to the kinking of the waveguide path. To improve the transmission properties, it is expedient to design the two outer waveguide passages in an arc shape (similar to the design in DE-OS 29 24 969). However, the small dimensions of a miniaturized waveguide switch do not allow such an arcuate configuration.

Der Hohlleiterschalter mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß durch die Verjüngung des Längsdurchgangs die beiden weiteren Hohlleiterdurchgänge, bei klein bleibendem Radius des Rotors, bogenförmig gestaltet werden können, wobei die Begrenzungswände aus ebenen Flächenstücken gebildet und damit dem Bogen angenähert sind. Hierdurch werden die Reflexion der beiden weiteren Hohlleiterdurchgänge dem Längsdurchgang angenähert.The waveguide switch with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the tapering of the longitudinal passage, the two other waveguide passages, with a small radius of the rotor, can be designed in an arc shape, the boundary walls being formed from flat surface pieces and thus approximating the arc. As a result, the reflection of the two further waveguide passages are approximated to the longitudinal passage.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, in der Art einer Ä/4-Transformation, die Querschnittsverjüngung des Längsdurchgangs stufenförmig abzusetzen oder die Querschnittsverjüngung des Hohlleiters stufenlos auszubilden was für eine breitbandige Übertragung günstiger ist. Die Querschnittsverjüngung verursacht zwar etwas höhere Reflexionen im Längsdurchgang, diese sind jedoch relativ gering; wichtig sind die wesentlich verbesserten Übertragungseigenschaften der beiden weiteren Hohlleiterdurchgänge und daß dies bei klein bleibendem Durchmesser des Rotors und damit kleinen Schalterabmessungen erreicht wird.In one embodiment of the invention it is proposed, in the manner of an λ / 4 transformation, to step-down the cross-sectional taper of the longitudinal passage or to form the cross-sectional taper of the waveguide in a stepless manner, which is more favorable for broadband transmission. The cross-sectional taper causes somewhat higher reflections in the longitudinal passage, but these are relatively small; important are the significantly improved transmission properties of the two further waveguide passages and that this is achieved with the rotor diameter remaining small and thus small switch dimensions.

Die Annäherung der weiteren Hohlleiterdurchgänge durch Flächenstücke bringt neben einer Verbesserung der Übertragungseigenschaften auch eine Vereinfachung der Herstellung des Rotors mit sich.The approximation of the further waveguide passages through flat pieces brings with it not only an improvement in the transmission properties but also a simplification of the manufacture of the rotor.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, daß zwischen den Hohlleiterdurchgängen auf dem Rotor, wie an sich bekannt, sogenannte Chokes angebracht sind, die eine Übersprechdämpfung zwischen den einzelnen zu übertragenden Signalen bewirken.A further embodiment of the invention is to be seen in the fact that so-called chokes are provided between the waveguide passages on the rotor, as is known per se, which cause crosstalk attenuation between the individual signals to be transmitted.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantages of the invention result from the description and from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 Die schematische Darstellung eines Vierstellungsschalters (R-Schalter) in den möglichen Schaltstellungen gemäß dem Stand der Technik,
  • Fig. 2 einen Hohlleiterschalter mit Darstellung der Hohlleiterdurchgänge,
  • Fig. 3 eine Schnittdarstellung, des in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schalters, Der Hohlleiterschalter wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, hat die Aufgabe, verschiedene Hohlleiterwege zu verbinden bzw. zu trennen und wird beispielsweise dazu benötigt, Reserve-Mikrowellen-Einrichtungen in ein System einzuschalten, um eine defekte Einrichtung zu ersetzen, wenn eine solche Maßnahme aus Gründen der Betriebssicherheit erforderlich ist. Eine Notwendigkeit aus Sicherheitsgründen Reserveeinrichtungen vorzusehen, die mittels Hohlleiterschaltern bei Bedarf in Betrieb genommen werden können (Ringredundanz), besteht insbesondere bei Raumflugkörpern.
Show it:
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a four-position switch (R switch) in the possible switching positions according to the prior art,
  • 2 is a waveguide switch showing the waveguide passages,
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the switch shown in Fig. 2, the waveguide switch as shown in Fig. 1, has the task of connecting or disconnecting different waveguide paths and is required, for example, to switch reserve microwave devices in a system to replace a defective device if such a measure is required for operational safety reasons. For safety reasons, there is a need to provide reserve devices that can be put into operation by means of waveguide switches (ring redundancy), in particular for spacecraft.

Der Hohlleiterschalter besteht aus einem Gehäuse 1 mit vier symmetrisch angeordneten Hohlleiterdurchgängen A-D. Ein in dem Gehäuse angeordneter Rotor 2 ist drehbar in dem Gehäuse angeordnet und weist drei Hohlleiterdurchgänge auf. Um die Eingänge beliebig zu kombinieren, sind vier Schaltstellungen I-IV erforderlich, wobei in Stellung I die Eingänge A-C in Stellung 11 die Eingänge A-B und C-D, in Stellung 111 die Eingänge B-D und in Stellung IV die Eingänge B-C und A-D miteinander verbunden sind. Durch die würfelförmige Ausbildung des Schaltergehäuses 1 sind mehrere Schalter in beliebiger Weise verkoppelbar, sodaß beliebige shaltkombinationen verwirklicht werden können.The waveguide switch consists of a housing 1 with four symmetrically arranged waveguide passages A-D. A rotor 2 arranged in the housing is rotatably arranged in the housing and has three waveguide passages. In order to combine the inputs as required, four switch positions I-IV are required, with inputs A-C in position I, inputs A-B and C-D in position 11, inputs B-D in position 111 and inputs B-C and A-D in position IV. Due to the cube-shaped design of the switch housing 1, several switches can be coupled in any way, so that any switch combinations can be realized.

Der Hohlleiterschalter gemäß Fig. 2 ist zur besseren Darstellung der Erfindung in einem Schnitt durch die Hohlleiterdurchgänge gezeigt, wobei zu beachten ist, daß eine Kombination einiger im Rahmen der Erfindung sinnvollen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Hohlleiterdurchgänge dargestellt ist.The waveguide switch according to FIG. 2 is shown in a section through the waveguide passages for better illustration of the invention, wherein it should be noted that a combination of some design options of the waveguide passages that are useful within the scope of the invention is shown.

Einen Axialschnitt dieses Schalters zeigt Fig. 3.3 shows an axial section of this switch.

Der Rotor 2 ist mittels der Lager 18, 19 in dem Gehäuse 1 befestigt. Zur Einstellung der Schaltstellungen, kann an der Welle 21 ein Motor oder ein Stellglied befestigt werden.The rotor 2 is fastened in the housing 1 by means of the bearings 18, 19. To set the switching positions, a motor or an actuator can be attached to the shaft 21.

Mit dem Positionsfixierelement 20 wird die exakte Rotorstellung eingestellt. Dieses Element besteht beispielsweise aus zwei Permanentmagneten, die durch die Anziehungskräfte den Rotor in den Schaltstellungen halten. Hierzu sind natürlich auf dem Gehäuse 1 mehrere solcher Permanentmagnete notwendig. Der Längsdurchgang 3 weist an der Übergangsstelle zwischen Rotor 2 und Gehäuse 1 einen Querschnitt auf, der mit dem Querschnitt des Hohlleiters im Gehäuse 1 identisch ist. Bis zur Mitte des Rotors verjüngt sich dieser Längsdurchgang 3 auf der rechten Seite an zwei Querschnittsverjüngungsstellen 6 bzw. 7. Selbstverständlich können auch nur eine oder noch mehr Querschnittsverjüngungsstellen vorhanden sein. Es ist auch eine stufenlose Verjüngung des Längsdurchgangs 3, wie links gezeigt, möglich, welche für breitbandige Übertragung günstigere Übertragungseigenschaften des Längsdurchgangs im Vergleich zu der stufenförmigen Verjüngung aufweist.The exact rotor position is set with the position fixing element 20. This element consists, for example, of two permanent magnets that hold the rotor in the switch positions due to the attractive forces. Of course, several such permanent magnets are required on the housing 1 for this purpose. The longitudinal passage 3 has a cross section at the transition point between the rotor 2 and the housing 1, which is identical to the cross section of the waveguide in the housing 1. Up to the center of the rotor, this longitudinal passage 3 tapers on the right side at two cross-sectional tapering points 6 and 7. Of course, only one or more cross-sectional tapering points can also be present. It is also possible to continuously taper the longitudinal passage 3, as shown on the left, which for broadband transmission has more favorable transmission properties of the longitudinal passage compared to the step-shaped taper.

Wesentlich ist, daß die Querschnittsverjüngung seitlichen Raum schafft, welcher dann für die Unterbringung der mit geringstmöglicher Stärke ausgebildeten Begrenzungswände 22 zu den beiden weiteren Hohlleiterdurchgängen 4, 5 genutzt wird. Im Gegensatz zu den weiteren Hohlleiterdurchgängen in Fig. 1 können somit diese, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, einem Bogen angenäherter und damit bezüglich der Reflexionen günstiger gestaltet werden.It is essential that the cross-sectional taper creates lateral space, which is then used to accommodate the boundary walls 22, which are designed with the smallest possible thickness, to the two further waveguide passages 4, 5. In contrast to the other waveguide passages in FIG. 1, these can, as shown in FIG. 2, be made closer to an arc and thus more favorable in terms of reflections.

Der weitere Hohlleiterdurchgang 4 weist an seiner inneren Begrenzungswand 22 vier Knickstellen 9 (fünf Flächenstücke) und an seiner äußeren Begrenzungswand 23 drei Knickstellen auf. Eine alternative Gestaltung zeigt der weitere Bogendurchgang 5; dieser ist mit zwei Knickstellen 8 (drei Flächenstücke) ausgestattet.The further waveguide passage 4 has four kinks 9 (five patches) on its inner boundary wall 22 and three kinks on its outer boundary wall 23. The further arch passage 5 shows an alternative design; this is equipped with two kinks 8 (three patches).

Zur Übersprechdämpfung der HF-Signale sind zwischen den Hohlleiterdurchgängen sogenannte Chokes 10,11,12,13 angeordnet. Weitere Chokes 14, 15, 16, 17 befinden sich an den beiden Stirnseiten des Rotors. Bezugszeichen

  • 1 Gehäuse
  • 2 Rotor
  • 3 Längsdurchgang
  • 4 Bogendurchgang
  • 5 Bogendurchgang
  • 6 Querschnittsverjüngung
  • 7 Querschnittsverjüngung
  • 8 Knickstelle
  • 9 Knickstelle
  • 10 Choke
  • 11 Choke
  • 12 Choke
  • 13 Choke
  • 14 Choke
  • 15 Choke
  • 16 Choke
  • 17 Choke
  • 18 Lager
  • 19 Lager
  • 20 Positionsfixierelement
  • 21 Welle
  • 22 Begrenzungswand
  • 23 Begrenzungswand
So-called chokes 10, 11, 12, 13 are arranged between the waveguide passages for crosstalk attenuation of the RF signals. Further chokes 14, 15, 16, 17 are located on the two end faces of the rotor. Reference numerals
  • 1 housing
  • 2 rotor
  • 3 longitudinal passage
  • 4 arc passage
  • 5 arc passage
  • 6 cross-sectional taper
  • 7 Cross-sectional taper
  • 8 kink
  • 9 kink
  • 10 choke
  • 11 choke
  • 12 choke
  • 13 choke
  • 14 choke
  • 15 choke
  • 16 choke
  • 17 choke
  • 18 bearings
  • 19 bearings
  • 20 position fixing element
  • 21 wave
  • 22 boundary wall
  • 23 boundary wall

Claims (5)

1. A hollow waveguide switch with a casing, having on the periphery at least four hollow waveguide connectors of rectangular cross section, which are arranged at right angles to each other and in one plane, and a rotor arranged in the casing, said rotor having three waveguide pathways with corresponding rectangular cross section, for producing different waveguide connections between waveguide connectors in certain rotor positions, in which one waveguide pathway in the rotor forms a longitudinal pathway and the other waveguide pathways cause bending of the waveguide path by 90° characterised in that in order to achieve a small rotor cross-section the waveguide pathway formed as a longitudinal pathway (3) is narrowed in cross-section towards the centre point of the rotor, that the space obtained thereby is used for at least partially housing the limiting walls (22) between the waveguide pathways and in some cases a part of the other waveguide pathways (4, 5) are formed approximately in an arc with a large curve radius, in which the surfaces of the limiting walls (22, 23) limiting the other hollow waveguide pathways (4, 5) are formed from at least three planar flat portions in each case.
2. A hollow waveguide switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the narrowing of cross section is in stages.
3. A hollow waveguide switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the narrowing in cross section is gradual.
4. A hollow waveguide switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the rotor (2) is provided on its outer surface between the waveguide pathways with axially and/or radially directed slits (10-17), for attenuating crosstalk of the high frequency signals.
5. A hollow waveguide switch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the inner limiting surface of the other waveguide pathways (4, 5) are formed from five and the outer limiting surface from three flat portions (Fig. 2).
EP87901416A 1986-02-08 1987-01-28 Waveguide switch Expired - Lifetime EP0292500B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3604077 1986-02-08
DE3604077 1986-02-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0292500A1 EP0292500A1 (en) 1988-11-30
EP0292500B1 true EP0292500B1 (en) 1990-07-25

Family

ID=6293756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87901416A Expired - Lifetime EP0292500B1 (en) 1986-02-08 1987-01-28 Waveguide switch

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4967170A (en)
EP (1) EP0292500B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3763981D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987004864A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1231760A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-01-19 Henry Y.M. Au-Yeung R-switch with transformers
DE19856334A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2000-06-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Waveguide switch
US6643268B1 (en) * 1999-08-23 2003-11-04 Hughes Electronics Corporation Method for re-routing signals in a switch network
US7330087B2 (en) * 2004-02-27 2008-02-12 Com Dev Ltd. Microwave switch housing assembly
US20180275760A1 (en) 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 Mindmaze Holding Sa System, method and apparatus for accurately measuring haptic forces
US11205825B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2021-12-21 Victor Nelson Non-contact type coaxial switch
JP7345962B2 (en) * 2019-03-01 2023-09-19 日本無線株式会社 waveguide switch
US20230359230A1 (en) * 2022-05-03 2023-11-09 Electra Aero, Inc. Systems and Methods For Controlling Fluid Flow

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123736A (en) * 1964-03-03 Severed traveling-wave tube with external terminations
BE508891A (en) * 1951-02-02
US2769144A (en) * 1952-01-11 1956-10-30 Dalmo Victor Company Radio frequency rotary switch
GB732443A (en) * 1952-03-20 1955-06-22 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to electro-magnetic waveguides
BE527787A (en) * 1952-04-08 1900-01-01
US3072870A (en) * 1960-07-21 1963-01-08 Microwave Ass Rectangular waveguide bend
US3189850A (en) * 1962-11-23 1965-06-15 Microwave Ass Rectangular waveguide bend
NL6706179A (en) * 1967-05-03 1968-11-04
US4242652A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-12-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Four port waveguide switch
JPS58141003A (en) * 1982-02-16 1983-08-22 Nec Corp Waveguide switch
GB8526909D0 (en) * 1985-10-31 1985-12-04 Gen Electric Co Plc Switching apparatus
CA1231760A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-01-19 Henry Y.M. Au-Yeung R-switch with transformers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4967170A (en) 1990-10-30
DE3763981D1 (en) 1990-08-30
WO1987004864A1 (en) 1987-08-13
EP0292500A1 (en) 1988-11-30

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