EP1147868B1 - Apparatus for producing soft-mud bricks - Google Patents
Apparatus for producing soft-mud bricks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1147868B1 EP1147868B1 EP01610039A EP01610039A EP1147868B1 EP 1147868 B1 EP1147868 B1 EP 1147868B1 EP 01610039 A EP01610039 A EP 01610039A EP 01610039 A EP01610039 A EP 01610039A EP 1147868 B1 EP1147868 B1 EP 1147868B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- pressing
- filling
- mould cavities
- cavities
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011454 mudbrick Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011461 handmade brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011459 moulded brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
- B28B5/04—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping in moulds moved in succession past one or more shaping stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for the manufacture of soft-mud bricks, comprising a plane mould table with a number of mould cavities extending through the mould table, which mould table is reciprocally displaceable in its plane, a filling chamber for clay above the mould table at a filling position for the mould cavities, an abutment for the mould table below the latter at the filling position, which abutment closes the mould cavities downwardly, a pressing-out device above the mould table at a pressing-out position for the mould cavities, and a conveyor below the mould table at said pressing-out position, wherein the mould table contains at least two parallel rows of mould cavities, a pressing-out position with a pressing-out device and conveyor being provided on each side of the filling position, whereby each row of mould cavities has its own pressing-out position, and whereby one row of mould cavities is in its pressing-out position while another row is in its filling position, the filling chamber being elongated to cover the entire row of mould cavities in the filling position.
- the manufacture of bricks of the above type is made with clay having a high water content, and the clay therefore has a very soft consistency during moulding of the clay into clay lumps shaped like bricks.
- the clay lumps have been shaped into bricks, they can thus keep their shape when they are placed on their long, narrow surface, whereas they cannot be handled manually as the clay does not have sufficient strength to withstand the pressure from the fingers.
- the mould table contains one or two mould cavities and can be displaced from a filling position to a pressing-out position by horizontal reciprocal displacement to one side of the filling chamber where a pressing-out mechanism has been arranged.
- this known apparatus has a relatively limited capacity and is designed for special jobs, not for large-scale production of standard bricks.
- the mould cavities are placed within a small area, and the filling chamber uses two counterrotating vertical screws for pressing the clay down towards the mould cavities in the filling position.
- the mould table is a carrousel that turns continuously from a filling section to a pressing-out mechanism and onwards for renewed filling.
- This apparatus has a larger capacity, but one disadvantage is that the pressing-out mechanism must be synchronised with the turning mould table and accompany it during the pressing-out, which complicates the design and also reduces the manufacturing rate.
- the filling position is concentrated within a small area, and the filling chamber applies a single vertical rotor with inclined projecting plates, which screw the clay down towards the mould table in the filling position.
- Other known apparatuses include, for example, apparatuses from the firm De-Boer, where a basic module of mould boxes with a number of mould cavities is fastened to an endless conveyor chain. Above the chain a filling system is arranged for filling clay into the moulds, which have a movable bottom used for pressing the moulded bricks out of the mould.
- the filling system may consist of a container with clay, which is pressed down through the container and out through nozzles by several parallel, vertical rotors and cut into suitable lumps.
- These apparatuses often use sprinkling with dry sand to facilitate emptying of the moulds and ensure that the bricks do not stick to conveyors, etc. The resulting bricks are therefore sand-faced, which is not to the taste of the consumers in the Nordic countries, among others.
- EP 0 523 286 A1 describes an apparatus for the manufacture of ceramic tiles by high-pressure pressing.
- the apparatus comprises a press with a vertically movable cross-member carrying on its lower surface the upper part of a mould tool, and two carriages arranged on opposite sides of the cross-member and provided with identical lower mould parts, which carriages are moved alternately towards a pressing position from respective emptying positions located symmetrically about the pressing position.
- the lower mould parts are filled by means of filling hoppers arranged on both sides of the press and provided with valve means so that the lower mould parts are filled while the carriages move from the respective emptying positions to the pressing position.
- this is an apparatus for the manufacture of ceramic tiles by high-pressure pressing, and the apparatus is unsuitable for the manufacture of soft-mud bricks.
- This is due to the fact, among others, that the mould cavities do not extend through the mould, since soft-mud bricks will be practically impossible to remove from the mould as these bricks have a very soft consistency, as mentioned above.
- the object of the invention is to provide a highcapacity apparatus that can manufacture soft-mud bricks similar to hand-made bricks in terms of both appearance and physical properties.
- the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in having to-and-fro movable pressing means for pressing the clay down towards the mould cavities in the filling position.
- Such pressing means ensures that the mould cavities are rapidly filled with a suitable amount of clay.
- An apparatus allows simultaneous filling and emptying of moulds, as, when the mould table is displaced to one side to the pressing-out or emptying position for one row of moulds, it has at the same time conducted another row of moulds to the filling position below the filling chamber. This provides an advantageous continuous work process for the apparatus and provides for high capacity.
- the apparatus is characterized in that, as distribution means, the filling chamber has a roller driven to rotate and extending in parallel with the mould cavity rows. This ensures even distribution of clay in the filling chamber over the entire length of the mould cavity rows.
- the apparatus is characterized in that the distribution means comprises two rollers extending in parallel beside each other with a roller nip between them, which two rollers are driven in mutually opposite directions of rotation. Two rollers of this type ensure to an even higher degree than just one roller that the clay in the filling chamber is evenly distributed over the entire length of the mould cavity rows.
- the apparatus is characterized in that the pressing means is constituted by the roller or rollers, which are movable upwards and downwards.
- the roller or rollers may thus have the double function of both distribution means and pressing means, which reduces the number of parts for the apparatus in an advantageous manner.
- the apparatus may be characterized in having two parallel pairs of rotating rollers, one pair arranged above the other, the upper pair being stationary and the lower pair being movable upwards and downwards.
- the apparatus is characterized in that the pressing means comprises swingable members with a pressing surface facing the mould cavities in their filling position.
- the apparatus according to the invention for the manufacture of soft-mud bricks is generally designated 1.
- the apparatus 1 comprises a mould table 2, which is a rectangular plate with two, possibly double or multiple rows of through-going, preferably rectangular mould cavities 3.
- the entire mould table 2 is displaceable in the transverse direction, for example by means of a hydraulic cylinder 13, which can displace the mould table 2 in its plane.
- the mould table 2 thus has two end positions, in which one and the other row of mould cavities 3, respectively, has a filling position where the row of mould cavities 3 is located directly below a filling chamber 4 for filling of the mould cavities 3 with clay, and a pressing-out position where the row is displaced a maximum distance from the filling position so that the mould cavities 3 are each in a pressing-out position below a pressing-out mechanism 6.
- a filling chamber 4 for clay is arranged, which chamber extends over the entire length of a row of mould cavities 3.
- the filling chamber 4 receives clay from a store through a conveyor 14 connected to a flange 14' at the top of the filling chamber 4, and the filling chamber 4 is provided with means for distributing the clay and for filling mould cavities 3 in the mould table 2, which forms the bottom of the filling chamber 4 when these mould cavities 3 are in the filling position.
- an abutment 5 is arranged for forming the bottom of the mould cavities 3 during the filling.
- the abutment 5 is provided with small through holes opposite to the mould cavities 3 in the filling position to permit drainage of surplus water from the clay in the mould cavities 3.
- Means may suitably also be provided for displacement and pressing of the abutment 5 up against the mould table 2 during filling of the mould cavities 3, and displacement away from the mould table 2 to facilitate the sideways removal of the mould table 2.
- pressing-out means 6 (see Fig. 3) is provided, which means comprises pressing shoes 16 actuated, for example, by means of a hydraulic cylinder 17, but of course other forms of actuation may be used, for example pneumatic actuation or actuation by means of an electromagnetic or mechanical actuator.
- the pressing-out means 6 is hinged at the top and controlled as illustrated in Fig. 3, so that the pressing-out means 6 is adjusted according to the current position of the mould table, the pressing-out means 6 being connected with an adjustable end stop 6' which the mould table 2 hits at its maximum sideways displacement to the pressing-out position.
- the pressing-out means 6 is pulled by a spring 6a towards an adjustable resting abutment 6b, which defines a resting position.
- the pressing surface itself can suitably be constituted by a replaceable plate of a wear-resistant material, which plate has an extent corresponding to, but slightly smaller than the mould cavity 3.
- the pressing-out means may be firmly mounted, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, without the possibility of sideways movement.
- the lumps of clay provided by the pressing out and shaped like the mould cavities 3 are transported away on a conveyor 7 and on to a star wheel 18, where they are raised on to a side surface before they are transported onwards for further processing, including firing. This transport and further processing take place in a manner known per se.
- the filling chamber 4 for clay extends over the entire length of a row of mould cavities 3, and in the examples shown, distribution means is provided in the filling chamber 4, the distribution means being constituted by two rollers 8 driven to rotate in opposite directions and extending in parallel with the mould cavity rows 3.
- the rollers are driven by hydraulic engines or electromotors 21 by direct shaft connection at the ends of the rollers.
- the rollers 8 are movable upwards and downwards so that in addition to being distribution means they can act as pressing means by downward movement for filling of the mould cavities 3 in their filling position. The movement in a direction at right angles to the rotational axis of the roller or rollers can be obtained as shown in Fig.
- rollers 8 being journalled in panels 31, which slide in guideways 32 at the ends of the filling chamber so that the rollers 8 can be moved transversely to the rotational axis by means of actuating means, such as hydraulic cylinders 20, an electromotor or any other suitable actuating means.
- actuating means such as hydraulic cylinders 20, an electromotor or any other suitable actuating means.
- the conveyor connected with the filling chamber 4 may comprise a pugging means 22, for example in the form of two worms that can provide some of the pressure in the filling chamber 4.
- this pressing means may comprise members 9 swingable between two positions a,b and having a pressing surface 10 facing the mould cavities in their filling position.
- the swingable members 9 are provided with an inclined, preferably roof ridge-shaped sliding-off surface 11 on their surface opposite to the pressing surface 10. With such a sliding-off surface 11, the return movement of the swingable members 9 against the clay in the filling chamber 4 will be substantially easier.
- the swinging movement may be actuated by a hydraulic cylinder 23, which, via an arm 24, turns a shaft 25 on which the swingable members 9 are mounted.
- a scraping-smoothing arrangement 26 may be provided for scraping away surplus clay mass so that the clay in the mould cavities gets an even and smooth surface.
- the scraping-smoothing arrangement 26 comprises a row of inclined smoothing shoes 27, and a scraper 28 on either side.
- the scraping-smoothing arrangement 26 may also be provided with a water supply so that water is supplied between the smoothing shoes 27 towards the upper surface of the mould table 2.
- the abutment 5 for the mould table 2 at the filling position for the mould cavities 3 may comprise part areas 29 that, connected with longitudinal rods 30, can be raised above the plane of the abutment and lowered to flush with this plane, means, not shown, also being provided for controlled raising and lowering of the rods 30 and thus the part areas 29 so that they are raised during the filling of the mould cavities 3 and lowered during the displacement of the mould table.
- This allows the manufacture of bricks with a depression, a so-called mortar pocket, which saves upwards of 10-15 per cent of the clay and thus also provides bricks with a correspondingly lower mass.
- the work cycle of the apparatus is as follows: clay from a store is supplied to the filling chamber 4 by means of the conveyor 14. Under the filling chamber 4, the mould table 2 is displaced alternately to either side of the filling chamber 4. When a row of mould cavities 3 is located in the filling position below the filling chamber 4, rollers 8 are moved towards the mould cavities 3, thus building up a larger pressure in the clay mass between the rollers 8 and the mould cavities 3, and the mould cavities 3 are filled with clay, the abutment 5 arranged below the mould table 2 forming the bottom of the mould cavities 3 in the filling position.
- the abutment 5 and any part areas 29 are lowered, and the mould table 2 is displaced sideways away from the filling chamber 4 and the underlying abutment 5, so that the row of filled mould cavities 3 reaches its pressing-out position, where there is no bottom under the mould cavities 3, while the other row of empty mould cavities 3 reaches the filling position below the filling chamber 4.
- the pressing-out position the shaped clay mass is pressed out by the pressing-out means 6 on to the conveyor 7, which transports the lumps of clay to the star wheel 18 as described above.
- the abutment 5 and any part areas below the other row of mould cavities 3 are raised, whereupon the above-mentioned work cycle is repeated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK01610039T DK1147868T3 (da) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-04 | Anlæg til fremstilling af blödströgne mursten |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK200000663A DK173732B1 (da) | 2000-04-18 | 2000-04-18 | Anlæg til fremstilling af blødstrøgne mursten, samt fyldekammer for ler i et sådant anlæg |
DK200000663 | 2000-04-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1147868A2 EP1147868A2 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
EP1147868A3 EP1147868A3 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
EP1147868B1 true EP1147868B1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
Family
ID=8159445
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01610039A Expired - Lifetime EP1147868B1 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-04 | Apparatus for producing soft-mud bricks |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1147868B1 (da) |
AT (1) | ATE329736T1 (da) |
DE (1) | DE60120547T2 (da) |
DK (2) | DK173732B1 (da) |
ES (1) | ES2266142T3 (da) |
PT (1) | PT1147868E (da) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE114031C (da) * | ||||
US1782413A (en) * | 1926-04-23 | 1930-11-25 | Walker Cement Products Inc | Concrete-brick manufacture |
NL7603794A (en) * | 1976-04-09 | 1977-10-11 | Mattijssen Bv Maschf | Forming process for clay or other kneadable material - has belt feed system and several rotary bosses on cylindrical axles |
NL168743C (nl) * | 1977-07-19 | 1982-05-17 | Johs S Aberson B V Maschf | Inrichting voor het in een vormbak werpen van een kluit voor het vormen van handvormstenen. |
US4139593A (en) * | 1977-08-05 | 1979-02-13 | Mid-Iowa Concrete Products Company | Method and apparatus for making molded articles |
FR2640184B1 (fr) * | 1988-12-08 | 1992-03-13 | Trudu Jean Paul | Dispositif pour la fabrication, par moulage et compression d'un materiau, d'elements de construction prefabriques, tels que parpaings, hourdis, conduits de cheminees, paves ou dalles |
US5154211A (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1992-10-13 | Monica Gourmet Foods, Inc. | Apparatus and method for filling bakery dough into cavity pans |
EP0523286A1 (en) * | 1991-07-15 | 1993-01-20 | Emilceramica S.P.A. | Plant for pressing ceramic tiles in general, typically pressure-glazed tiles |
-
2000
- 2000-04-18 DK DK200000663A patent/DK173732B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-04-04 AT AT01610039T patent/ATE329736T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-04 EP EP01610039A patent/EP1147868B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-04 DE DE60120547T patent/DE60120547T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-04 DK DK01610039T patent/DK1147868T3/da active
- 2001-04-04 PT PT01610039T patent/PT1147868E/pt unknown
- 2001-04-04 ES ES01610039T patent/ES2266142T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE329736T1 (de) | 2006-07-15 |
EP1147868A3 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
EP1147868A2 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
DK200000663A (da) | 2001-08-13 |
DK173732B1 (da) | 2001-08-13 |
DE60120547D1 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
ES2266142T3 (es) | 2007-03-01 |
DK1147868T3 (da) | 2006-09-04 |
PT1147868E (pt) | 2006-11-30 |
DE60120547T2 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
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